• No results found

Ethical considerations

7KH UHVHDUFK UHSRUWHG LQ WKLV GLVVHUWDWLRQ IRFXVHV RQ LQGLYLGXDOV DQG WKHLU

DWWLWXGHV7KHPDLQFRQFHUQRIHYHU\VFLHQWLILFVWXG\LVWRSURWHFWUHVSRQGHQWV

IURP SRWHQWLDO QHJDWLYH FRQVHTXHQFHV UHVXOWLQJ IURP SDUWLFLSDWLRQ DQG WKH

PDLQHWKLFDOFKDOOHQJHVLQWKHZRUNIRUWKLVWKHVLVZHUHWRJXDUDQWHHDQRQ\PLW\

DQGFRQILGHQWLDOLW\WRPLQLPLVHWKHEXUGHQIRUWKHUHVSRQGHQWVWREHPLQGIXO

WKDWTXHVWLRQVFRQFHUQLQJPLJUDWLRQDQGLPPLJUDWLRQPLJKWEHH[SHULHQFHGDV

GLVWUHVVIXO RUWURXEOLQJWR REWDLQLQIRUPHG FRQVHQWDQGWR HQVXUH YROXQWDU\

SDUWLFLSDWLRQDQGWKHSRVVLELOLW\WRRSWRXWDWDQ\WLPHZLWKRXWFRQVHTXHQFH

,Q WHUPV RI DQRQ\PLW\ QR VXUYH\ DQVZHU FDQ EH OLQNHG WR VSHFLILF

LQGLYLGXDOVEHFDXVH,GLGQRWUHFHLYHDQ\SHUVRQDOLQIRUPDWLRQ HJWKHLUHPDLO

DGGUHVV DQGZKHQXVLQJ/XQG8QLYHUVLW\¶VVXUYH\WRROWKDWKDVDµSHUVRQDO

GDWDDJUHHPHQW¶WKHVWRUHGVXUYH\DQVZHUVDUHQRWDFFHVVLEOHE\DQ\RQHEXWPH

DQGWKHHPSOR\HHUHVSRQVLEOHIRUWKHVXUYH\WRRO0RUHRYHUSULRUWRVWDUWLQJ

WKHVXUYH\WKHUHVSRQGHQWVUHFHLYHGLQIRUPDWLRQWKDWDOO GDWDZRXOG RQO\EH

SUHVHQWHGLQDQDJJUHJDWHG IRUPDQGWKDWWKHDLP RI WKHVWXG\ ZDVWRVWXG\

RYHUDOOSDWWHUQVDQGQRWVLQJOHLQGLYLGXDOV

,DOVRKDGWKHDPELWLRQWRNHHSWKHUHVSRQGHQW¶VEXUGHQWRDPLQLPXP,Q

WHUPV RI DFFHVV WKH VXUYH\ FRXOG EH HDVLO\ DFFHVVHG WKURXJK D 85/ OLQN

+RZHYHURQHVKRXOGQRWHWKDWWKHVXUYH\ZDVUDWKHUORQJDQGPLJKWKDYHWDNHQ

XSDOLWWOHELWWRRPXFKRIWKHVHSURIHVVLRQDOV¶WLPH

4XHVWLRQVFRQFHUQLQJDWWLWXGHVWRZDUGVPLQRULWLHVRU PLJUDWLRQLQJHQHUDO

DUHGHILQHGDVVHQVLWLYHTXHVWLRQVDQGFDQEH SHUFHLYHG DVGLVWUHVVIXO GXHWR

VRFLHW\¶VQRUPDWLYHSUHVVXUHWRXQGHUQRFLUFXPVWDQFHFRPHDFURVVDVUDFLVW

DVZHOODVVRFLHWDOGLVFRXUVHVSRUWUD\LQJPLJUDWLRQDVDµORDGHG¶WRSLF7KHVH

SURFHVVHVDUHOLQNHGWRWKHDZDUHQHVVRIVRFLDOGHVLUDELOLW\HVSHFLDOO\IRUPRUH

KLJKO\ HGXFDWHG UHVSRQGHQWV EXW DOVR ZHOIDUH ZRUNHUV OLNH P\ VWXG\

SRSXODWLRQDVDVSHFLDOJURXSRIFLYLOVHUYDQWVJXLGHGE\OHJLVODWLRQVWDWLQJWKDW

GHFLVLRQV VKRXOG EH HTXDO IRU DOO '¶$QFRQD   , XQGHUWRRN VHYHUDO

PHDVXUHVLQRUGHUWRDFFRXQWIRUFRQFHUQVDERXWµVHQVLWLYLW\¶)LUVWWKHVXUYH\

ZDVSUHVHQWHGWRVHYHUDOFROOHDJXHV ZKRKDYHH[SHUWLVHLQWKLVDUHDWRPDNH

VXUH WKDW WKH PHDVXUHPHQWV DQG TXHVWLRQV ZHUH VRXQG 6HFRQG DV DOUHDG\

PHQWLRQHGDERYH,FDUULHGRXWDSLORWVWXG\ZKHUHDKDQGIXORIZHOIDUHZRUNHUV

LQ WKHVH WZR RUJDQLVDWLRQV FRXOG JLYH PH IHHGEDFN RQ WKH TXHVWLRQV:KLOH

PHHWLQJ WKHP , DVNHG H[SOLFLWO\ LI VRPH RI WKH TXHVWLRQV PDGH WKHP IHHO

XQFRPIRUWDEOHDQGUHFHLYHGDFOHDUQRWRWKLVTXHVWLRQ2QWKHFRQWUDU\WKH\



HPSKDVLVHGWKDWWKH\DSSUHFLDWHGEHLQJH[SRVHGWRVRPHRIWKHTXHVWLRQVDQG

WKH\VDLGWKH\PDGHWKHPUHIOHFWRQFXUUHQWWUHQGVLQVRFLHW\&RQVHTXHQWO\

WKLV PLJKW DFWXDOO\ KDYH SRVLWLYH HIIHFWV IRU WKHVH ZHOIDUH ZRUNHUV¶ RZQ

UHIOHFWLRQVDQGIRUWKHLUSUDFWLFDOZRUN

,QUHODWLRQWRWKLVLWLVZRUWKUHIOHFWLQJRQWKHHWKLFDOLPSOLFDWLRQVRIPDNLQJ

XVHRIUDFLDODWWLWXGHVWXGLHVDQGXVLQJWKHWHUPµDQWLLPPLJUDWLRQDWWLWXGHV¶WR

GHVFULEH ZHOIDUH ZRUNHUV¶ DWWLWXGHV WRZDUGV PLJUDQWV EHFDXVH LW EHDUV D

QHJDWLYHFRQQRWDWLRQ+RZHYHUXVHRIWKLVWHUPLVFRPPRQSUDFWLFHLQWKHILHOG

RIHWKQLFDQGUDFLDOUHODWLRQVDQGPLJUDWLRQVWXGLHVZKHQZDQWLQJWRXQGHUVWDQG

ZK\VRPHLQGLYLGXDOVKDYHQHJDWLYHUHDFWLRQVWR PLJUDQWV DQG ZKHQ SXWWLQJ

WKHVHDWWLWXGHVLQUHODWLRQWR RWKHUSKHQRPHQD HJ%RKPDQ0F/DUHQ

 6FKQHLGHU   +RZHYHU LW LV LPSRUWDQW WR QRWH WKDW WKLV GRHV QRW

LPSO\WKDWDOOUHVSRQGHQWVKDYHQHJDWLYHDWWLWXGHVWRZDUGVPLJUDQWVDQGLWLV

UDWKHU XVHG DV D ZD\ WR VLJQDOLVH ZKDW TXHVWLRQV DQG UHVHDUFK ILHOGV DUH RI

LQWHUHVW$SSHQGL[ ,9VKRZVWKH GHVFULSWLYH GDWD IURPTXHVWLRQVFRQFHUQLQJ

DWWLWXGHVWRZDUGVPLJUDQWVZKHUHQHJDWLYHDWWLWXGHVWRZDUGVPLJUDQWVPDNHXS

EHWZHHQ  DQG  RI WKH UHVSRQVHV WKXV DOORZLQJ WKH UHDGHU WR VHH WKH

DFWXDOUHVSRQVHV

,QIRUPHG FRQVHQW ZDVHQVXUHG E\ LQIRUPLQJ WKH SDUWLFLSDQWVLQ WKH HPDLO

WKH\UHFHLYHGDERXWWKHVWXG\SXUSRVHDQGWKDWZKHQVXEPLWWLQJWKHVXUYH\RQH

DJUHHVWREHSDUWRIWKLVVWXG\WRDFFHVVWKHVXUYH\DQGWKLVLQIRUPDWLRQZDV

UHSHDWHG DW WKH EHJLQQLQJ RI WKH VXUYH\ WR HQVXUH WKDW DOO SDUWLFLSDQWV ZHUH

FRQVFLRXVRIZKDWWKH\KDGDJUHHGRQ(DFKUHVSRQGHQWKDGWKHSRVVLELOLW\WR

FKRRVHQRWWRSDUWLFLSDWHRUWRRSWRXWZKLOHILOOLQJLQWKHVXUYH\7KHUHVSRQVH

ZDVRQO\UHFHLYHGLIWKHSDUWLFLSDQWJDYHFRQVHQWDWWKHHQGRIWKHVXUYH\WKDW

LWVKRXOGEHVHQWLQDQGWKXVFRXQWDVDFWLYHSDUWLFLSDWLRQLQWKHVWXG\,DOVR

SURYLGHGP\FRQWDFWLQIRUPDWLRQVRWKDWSDUWLFLSDQWVFRXOGFRQWDFWPHLIWKH\

ZHUH WR KDYH DQ\ IXUWKHU TXHVWLRQV FRQFHUQLQJ WKH VWXG\ 3DUWLFLSDWLRQ ZDV

FRPSOHWHO\YROXQWDU\DQGUHVSRQGHQWVZHUHQRWRIIHUHGDQ\FRPSHQVDWLRQIRU

SDUWLFLSDWLQJLQWKHVWXG\

Validity and Reliability

,KDYHLQWKHGLIIHUHQWSDUWVRIWKHPHWKRGVHFWLRQDOUHDG\WRXFKHGXSRQYDOLGLW\

DQGUHOLDELOLW\EXWZLOOKHUHVKRUWO\VXPPDULVHDOORIWKHSRLQWVWKDWFRQWULEXWHG

WRWKHYDOLGLW\DQGUHOLDELOLW\RIWKHVWXG\

0RVW LPSRUWDQWO\ , PDLQO\ XVHG H[LVWLQJ PHDVXUHPHQWV IRU WKH

RSHUDWLRQDOLVDWLRQ RI P\ FRQFHSWV ZKLFK FDQ FRQWULEXWH WR WKH YDOLGLW\ DQG

UHOLDELOLW\ RI WKH PHDVXUHPHQWV 0\ UHVXOWVVKRZ FRQVLVWHQF\ ZLWK SUHYLRXV

VWXGLHVXVLQJVLPLODURUWKHVDPHPHDVXUHPHQWV0RUHRYHU,FRQGXFWHGDSLORW



VWXG\ZLWKDKDQGIXORIZHOIDUHZRUNHUVLQERWKRUJDQLVDWLRQVLQRUGHUWRHQVXUH

WKDWWKHTXHVWLRQVZRXOGEHXQGHUVWRRGE\WKHWDUJHWHGJURXSDQGWRHQVXUHWKDW

,KDGXVHGWKHWHUPVWKDWDUHFRPPRQLQWKHVHRUJDQLVDWLRQVLQRUGHUWRHQVXUH

WKHLQWHUQDOYDOLGLW\RIP\PHDVXUHPHQWV$GGLWLRQDOO\,PHWZLWKWKHXQLRQ

UHSUHVHQWDWLYHVIURPERWKRUJDQLVDWLRQVWRGLVFXVVWKHVXUYH\DQGWRPDNHVXUH

WKDWWKHTXHVWLRQVDQGWHUPVZHUHLQOLQHZLWKZKDWLVFRPPXQLFDWHGLQWKHVH

RUJDQLVDWLRQVWKXVFRQWULEXWLQJWRWKHDFFXUDF\RIWKHVXUYH\

7KHUHOLDELOLW\ZDVLQFUHDVHGE\XVLQJH[LVWLQJPHDVXUHVEHFDXVHWKHVDPH

LQIRUPDWLRQOLQNHGWRP\WKHRUHWLFDOFRQFHSWVKDVEHHQH[WUDFWHGLQSUHYLRXV

VXUYH\V WKURXJK WKH VDPH PHDVXUHPHQWV 5HSHDWLQJ WKLV SDUWLFXODU VXUYH\

ZRXOGLQFUHDVHRXUNQRZOHGJHRIWKHUHOLDELOLW\RIWKHVXUYH\TXHVWLRQVDQG

WKLV PLJKW DOVR UHYHDO ZKHWKHU WKH UHIXJHH VXUJH RI  LPSDFWHG KRZ WKH

TXHVWLRQVZHUHDQVZHUHG

Final reflections

7KH PRVW LPSRUWDQW PHWKRGRORJLFDO FRQWULEXWLRQ LV WKDW ZHOIDUH ZRUNHUV¶

DWWLWXGHVLQUHODWLRQWRPLJUDWLRQFRXOGEHVWXGLHGWKURXJKDODUJHVDPSOHE\

DGPLQLVWHULQJ D QDWLRQZLGH VXUYH\ %HFDXVH VXFK GDWD DUH PLVVLQJ LQ WKH

6ZHGLVKFRQWH[WWKHVXUYH\ GDWDLV XQLTXHE\FROOHFWLQJ VXUYH\ GDWDWKDW LV

DGDSWHGWRZHOIDUHZRUNHU¶VUROHZLWKLQWKHLURUJDQLVDWLRQEXWDOVRDGDSWHGWR

FDSWXUH WKHLU SULYDWH DWWLWXGHV 0HDVXUHPHQWV ZHUH WDNHQ IURP YDULRXV

LQWHUQDWLRQDOVRXUFHVDQGHYHQWKRXJKWKHVWXG\RQO\FRQFHUQHGWKH6ZHGLVK

FRQWH[WVRPHJHQHUDOLVDWLRQVEH\RQGWKH6ZHGLVKFRQWH[WFRXOGEHPDGH

7KH RWKHU FRQWULEXWLRQ WKLV GLVVHUWDWLRQ RIIHUV LQ WHUPV RI PHWKRGV LV D

YDULHW\ RI DQDO\WLFDO WRROV WKDW DOORZHG PH WR ORRN DW PRUH FODVVLFDO ;

LQIOXHQFHV<PRGHOVDVZHOODVPRUHFRPSOH[PRGHOVLQRUGHUWRGHHSHQRXU

NQRZOHGJH RI XQGHUO\LQJ PHFKDQLVPV OLNH LQWHUIHULQJ PHGLDWLRQ HIIHFWV

0RUHRYHU , QRW RQO\ DQDO\VHG SUHFRGHG VXUYH\ TXHVWLRQV EXW DOVR RSHQ

HQGHG TXHVWLRQV DQG WKDW DQDO\VLV DOORZHG PH WR FDSWXUH PRUH DPELJXRXV

SHUFHSWLRQVDQGWRJHWDGHHSHUDQGEURDGHUXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIZHOIDUHZRUNHUV¶

DWWLWXGHVDQGSHUFHSWLRQV

+RZHYHU WKHUH ZHUH RI FRXUVH VHYHUDO PHWKRGRORJLFDO OLPLWDWLRQV 2QH

OLPLWDWLRQPLJKWEHWKHVDPSOHDQGGXHWRWKHVDPSOHIUDPHPHWKRGRQHPLJKW

DUJXHWKDWLIWKHVDPSOH ZRXOG KDYHEHHQ GUDZQIURP WKHZKROH SRSXODWLRQ

QRWRQO\67XQLRQPHPEHUV WKHRXWFRPHVPLJKWORRNGLIIHUHQW2QDPRUH

JHQHUDOQRWHDOVRZLWKUHIHUHQFHWRP\ODWHQWFRQVWUXFWVDQGPRGHOVQRPRGHO

LV SHUIHFW DQG LQ SULQFLSDO DOO PRGHOV DUH ZURQJ WR VRPH GHJUHH EXW LW LV

FHUWDLQO\DFKDOOHQJHWRFDSWXUHWKHFRPSOH[LW\RIWKHZRUOG RUUHDOLW\ ZKLOH

WU\LQJWRNHHSWKHDQDO\VLVVLPSOHDQGIHDVLEOH



Related documents