Den mångfunktionella staden kan återskapas

(1)

Nya steg mot hållbara städer

(2)

Drygt hälften av världens invånare lever nu i städer och urbaniseringstakten är snabb. Under 5000 år har vi byggt städer för 3 miljarder människor. FN beräknar att det kommer att finnas 6 miljarder stadsbor om bara 30 år. Det är ingen överdrift att kalla städernas förmåga till en hållbar omställning en avgörande fråga, det är också en utmaning som växer i takt med städerna. Här behövs stora insatser från nationer, städer, företag, organisationer och engagerade enskilda om jorden ska utvecklas hållbart och klimatuppvärmningen ska kunna bromsas. Global Utmaning verkar för hållbara lösningar i samverkan med andra. Tankesmedjan rymmer ett programråd för Hållbara städer och inom detta finns ett antal forskare som utgjort ett vetenskapligt råd. De har haft i uppdrag att skriva texterna till denna antologi och presenteras närmare inne i skriften. Med vår frihet som tankesmedja vill vi bidra genom att peka på nya handlingsvägar och skapa konstruktiva möten om våra städer.

(3)

Denna antologi är ett led i Global Utmanings ambition att medverka till hållbar stadsutveckling. Global Utmaning är en fristående tankesmedja som verkar för lösningar på globala utmaningar som rör ekonomi, miljö och demokrati och hur man lokalt kan hantera dessa utmaningar genom en hållbar stadsutveckling. Syftet är att påverka samhällsstyrning och framtida politiska prioriteringar och beslut i en mer hållbar riktning.

Programmet Hållbara städer inom Global Utmaning finansieras för närvarande av Familjebostäder, Familjen Eliassons Stiftelse för utveckling av god byggnadskultur, Folkbildningsrådet, HSB, Skandia samt Sveriges Kommuner och Landsting.

(4)

Carl-Johan Engström är professor i stadsutveck-ling på KTH och studerar drivkrafter bakom stadsut-veckling i en globaliserad ekonomi.

Josefina Syssner är kulturgeograf, filosofie doktor och anställd på Remeso, Institutet för forskning om migration, etnicitet och samhälle vid Linköpings universitet.

Lena Smidfelt Rosqvist är teknologie doktor i trafikplanering från Lunds tekniska högskola och är sedan 2007 forsknings-chef på Trivector Traffic.

Monica Andersson är filosofie doktor och universitetslektor vid Stats-vetenskapliga institutionen, Stockholms Universitet. Göran Cars

är professor och prefekt vid institutionen för Sam-hällsplanering och miljö på KTH.

Gunnel Forsberg är professor och prefekt vid institutionen i kultur-geografi vid Stockholms Universitet och har särskild inriktning mot samhälls-planering.

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Urbaniserad värld

nya steg mot hållbara städer

(6)

Innehåll

5 Förord

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7 Inledning – Städernas utmaningar

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9 Vad är en stad?

8Vga"?d]Vc:c\higb

12 Vad är hållbarhet?

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18 Staden i världen

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25 Uthålligt vardagsliv

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34 Trafik för hållbar stadsutveckling

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41 Den mångfunktionella staden kan återskapas

Bdc^XV6cYZghhdc

49 Hållbara städer – svårskötta pastorat

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57 Tid för handling

8Vga"?d]Vc:c\higb

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Förord

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(8)

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Inledning

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(9)

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(10)

8Vga"?d]Vc:c\higb

Vad är en stad?

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Omöjlig men nödvändig att styra

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(11)

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Stabil men i ständig förändring

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Vad driver stadsutveckling på 2000-talet?

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(12)

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Den komplexa staden

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(13)

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Vad är hållbarhet?

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Christer Ljungberg (2010) Myter och sanningar om städer, trafik och miljö. 7Z\gZeeZiÇ]aaWVgjikZXà^c\Ç]Vg[iigdaaZcVkÒmhi_~gcV[ghVb]~aah" Wn\\VcYZdX]hiVYheaVcZg^c\#9Zi~gWgV:c[gVbh`g^kc^c\VkYZjikZX`" a^c\hiZcYZchZgk^hZg^YV\!k^hVgecYk~cY^\]ZiZcVkcnVk~\kVa#BZc h~iiZi Vii WZ]VcYaV WZ\gZeeZi ]aaWVg]Zi ~g hVbi^Y^\i egdWaZbVi^hì# =aaWVg]ZiZchigZY^bZch^dcZgZ`dad\^h`!Z`dcdb^h`dX]hdX^Va]Vgk^" hVih^\hkgVVii]VciZgVkVg[gh^\dX]iâahVbbVch#GZhjaiViZiWa^gY~g[g d[iV Vii ]aaWVg]ZihWZ\gZeeZi b^hhWgj`Vh dX] Wa^g bZg idb gZidg^` ~c egVì^h`k~\aZYc^c\[gViibiV[gVbi^YZc#>b^cVgi^`Zakâa_V\Y^h`j" iZgV]jgVck~cYc^c\ZcVkWZ\gZeeZi`Vc`dc`gZi^hZgVhdX]dbh~iiVh^ egVì^h`kZg`hVb]Zi#

Begreppet hållbar utveckling – en bakgrund

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(14)

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(15)

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(16)

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Att bygga det hållbara – tre förutsättningar

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(17)

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(18)

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Mot ett hållbart samhällsbyggande

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(19)

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Staden i världen

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Hållbarhet som värdekomplex

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Den socialt hållbara staden

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Att lära sig fatta etiska beslut

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9Zc^caZYVcYZ[g\VcÇKVYkâak^ViiYZc]~geaVihZch`Vhi[g4Ç]VcYaVg Vaaih^ciZdbVii[ViiVZiiZc"\c\"[g"VaaV"WZhaji#>hi~aaZi]VcYaVgYZidb ViiZcVhdbYZZi^h`Veg^cXêZghdbhiVYZch`V[g`gdeeha^\V!dX]hZYVc a~gVh^\Vii[ViiVWZhaji^Zca^\]ZibZYYZhhV#Ehk^h`Vceg^cXêZcdb g~iik^hV^Zii\adWVaieZgheZì^k[WâYVbchiZg^YZbc\VWZhajidX] k^h^dcZghdb[dgbjaZgVh^hi~YZgk~gaYZckZg# TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT Vidare läsning

De delar av texten som handlar om social hållbarhet bygger på artiklar skrivna av forskare från en rad olika discipliner. Dempsey N, Bramley G, Power S, Brown C. (2009). The social dimension of sustainable

develop-ment: defining urban social sustainability, Sustainable Development vol. 18 2009, erbjuder en bra översikt

och en intressant diskussion om socialt hållbara städer.

Doreen Masseys bok World Cities, utgiven 2007 på Polity Press, reser många viktiga frågor om stadens plats i världen.

Jan Olsson, professor vid Örebro universitet, är redaktör för antologin Hållbar utveckling underifrån, utgiven 2005 på bokförlaget Nya Doxa. De delar av texten som handlar om global rättvisa och hållbarhetsetik i lokalt beslutsfattande är tydligt influerade av denna inspirerande och välskrivna bok.

Peter Singers bok En värld – globaliseringens etik, utgiven 2003 på bokförlaget Thales, är en kontroversiell och tankeväckande bok som lyfter frågan om vilket ansvar politiska ledare på olika nivåer har för att skapa en bättre värld.

Magnus Boström, docent vid Södertörns Högskola, har skrivit flera texter om hållbarhetens sociala dimen-sion. I sin text A Missing Pillar? A literature review on the concept of social sustainability redogör han för hur begreppet social hållbarhet tolkats inom tidigare forskning. Texten presenterades på International

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Uthålligt vardagsliv

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En aspekt på den hållbara staden

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Det hållbara vardagslivet – vad är det?

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(28)

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Den byggda miljöns inverkan

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(30)

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Betoning på estetik och kreativitet

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(31)

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Risken för social och rumslig klyvning

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