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De lingua et litteratura Persarum dissertatio. Cujus partem secundam venia ampliss. facult. philos. Upsal. p. p. mag. Andreas Arvidus Arvedson stip. Stiegl. et Jacobus Ax. Torenstedt Ostrogothi. In audit. Gust. die VIII. Dec. MDCCCXXI. h. p. m. s.

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L . 'DE L I N G U A ET L I T T E R A T U R A P E R S A R U M D I S S E R T A T I O . CUJUS P A R T E M S E C U N D A M V E N I A A M P L I S S . F A C U L T . H I I L O S . U r S A L . P. P . M a g.

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KONUNGENS" T R © M A N , L A G M A N N E N OCH C O M M E N D E U R K N A F KONGL. W A S A - O R D E N V Ä L B O R N E

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T R Ö S T E N Ö F VER SÖDRA T J U S TS C O N T R A C T , I KY R KOHERDEN O F VER ODENSVI F Ö R S A M L I N G ,

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Frü AN N A U L R I C A T O R E N S T E D T ,

f o d d LINDBLOM, JDe H u l d a s t e F ö r ä l d r a r helgadt f •af

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P e ï fîca l i n g u a , f i v e a n t i q u a m , fi ve r e c e n t i c r e m r e l i e r a s , et fi h ui c p r æ c i p u e pofi: A v a b u m i nc ur f ion es mul ta e x e o ­ r u m loquel a a d h æ f e r i n t , t am fuis e l e m e n t i s , q u a m G r a m ­ m a t i c i s r a t i o n i b u s , t a n t u m a l ingui s Semiticis a b h o r r e t . , u t

d i v e r f a s u t r i u s q u e o r i g i n e s facile a g n o f e a s 27J. C u ­ j u s in i inguse pri ncipalibus dialetftis v e t e r i b u s p r i m u m v e r f a b i t u r noftra d i s q u i f i t i o , dei n ad hodiernam Perficam .linguam p r o g r e s f u r a .

Q u o d ad Z end a t t i n e t , illam fuisfe a n t i q u æ M e d i æ l i n g u a m i n t e r q u e i ncolas e j u s d e m f e p t e n t r i o n ale s vixisfe , e t j a m a n t e C h r i f l u m n a t u m m o r t u a m f uis fe, facile c o n ­ fiât. In e o e n i m H y d e e r r a v i t , q u o d , de Zendica l i ngua n e v e r b o q u i d e m l o q u u t u s , Pehlvicum in his t e r r i s u n i ­ c u m v e t e r e m fuisfe Te rmone m ftatuit28)* S ac ri Perfaru-m l ib ri , qui Z o r o a s t r i s n o m e n prae fe f e r u n t , q u a m v i s p r i ­ m o o m n e s Zendica lingua confeéti f u e r i n t , olim t a m e n j a m in Pehlvicam e t Parficam c o n v e r f i f u n t ; ira u t h o d i e alii q u i d e m in l ingua p r o p r i a , Zendica, f u p e r f i n t , alii t a n ­ t u m in v e r f i o n e v e l Pehlvica ve l Parfica, v e l in u t r a q u e t

alii d e n i q u e in i i ng ua fimul Zendica e t in c e t e r i s l e g a n ­ t u r . R e f t e q u i d e m H e r b e l o t v e r b u m Z e n d

:

vivum i n t e r ­ p r e t a t u s e f t , e t Z t n d - A veßa: librum vita 29). H y d e Ztnd*

B

2 7 ) Cf. H e e r e n , De linguis regni Perjiei.

a8) H y d e , R eligio vete ru m P e r/a ru m , Cf. Z t n d -A v . IL p. 39;

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IO

sr.— 1

va - E lJa f c r i p t m n v u l t e t h a n c v o c e m e x A r a b i c o * C h a I -

d a i c a o ri g i n e d e r i v a n d a m p u t a t , u n d e a b f u r d a fignifica- tio verbi Z end: igniarii 3 0 ) , e t Z e n d -Avefice• igniarii et r

g n is, e x i f t e r e t . E t e n i m v o x Zend e t P a r f i c a m e t P e h i

-•if

v i c a m t r a h i t o r i g i n e m , heic loci p r o Z e n d i c o v o c a ­ b u lo Azieanlem 1. Zieantem , i. e. v inus, adhibita. V e fia , A v e fia , P a r f i c a e ft v o x p r o F~etfchefchtem e t Vefchtehe

in lingua Z 'n d ica , e t p r o Vad'sjeft in Pehlvicci , q u i b u s u t ­ r i s q u e c o m m u n i s fignificatus verbi (libri, doiïvinœ) ; u n d e

Zend • A veßa vivum verbum 31),

Z

ect-M ages ayent qualifié leur livre, qu'ils eßim tnt fa c r é , du titre d t vie, ou livre de vie, H e r b e l o t , Biblioth. Orientale. III. p . 601. 30) Cnjus ftqaentem præbet explicationem: S u p ra diftutn igniarium ,

feu focile, ftm per confiai duabus p a rtib u s, quce fiin t duo ligna cubitalia; quale quidem infirunientwn haditrnis Perfis d icitu r

igni-a r i um ligneum O fity ; vel ign iptrc u sforiu m ligneum,

cujus /u p erio r p a r s , ignem excutiens, efl ignitabulum ; et in f t .

rior p a r s , ignem in fo m ite excipiens et fu fc tta n s , efi fufcitqbu. Ium. H erum lignorum fuperius , quod etiam tenu:us et eXiJlUS >

vocatur Z e n d inferius,, quod crasfius et medio canali

ex-cavatum pro fom ite excipiendo, vocatur Z tn d a h i t ti­

tra que fim ul in Duali Senddn ( i ^ S ^ f )• Ecl aliquando difiinffio-

vis caufa, horum unum vocatur Z< nd fuperius ( V-AXcf )

et alterum Z e n d inferius ( ^*»»1 H v d e , Religio V iih u m

Per fa r u m , P* 3S7‘

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Z s j j d t c a m diale&um q u o ndam non ta n tu m facram M a g o r u m , q u a in divino cultu ufi f u n t , linguam , fed e t i a m e x t r a a d y t a in te r v u lg u m fonuisfe, luculentius a p p a r e t e x Z en d - Aveßa , ubi Zend esfe fuatn linguam in pl u­

r i b u s locis Z o r o a s t r e s -dixit 3 2 ) . P r æ t e r e a , fi ipfam

l i n g u æ n a t u r a m n o f tr æ e t i n d o lem p erfpeftam habeas, earn q u o n d a m in o r e populi fuisfe, n eutiquam dubitaveris. H a b e t e n im o m n i a , q u æ loqueJæ parum excultae ac lo­ ca m o n t a n a obtinentis p ro p ria e6fe folent. M agna fono- r u m i c o pia r a u c o r u m , a c r iu m , hic invenitur. 'Omnia, q u o difficiliora I e & u , eo magis fenfui et auditui accomo- data. P l e r a q u e verba p r o n u n tia tu dura funt, p ro pter con- f o n a n t i u m f r e q u e n te r o b viarum afperitatem. Q u i n , ut r e & e h a n c linguam t am v e tuftam judices , alias tibi te r­ r a s a l i a qoe t e m p o r a fingas 33). Duodequinquaginta lit­ t e r a s Zend h a b e t *), q u a r u m X V I vocales et X X X V con» f o n a n t e s . Q u i b u s o m nib us tan tu m X X X V foni refpon- d e n t , X I I v o c a le s e t X X X I I I confonantes 3^). Q uam ­ v i s v u l t u fuo horridiori ab hodierna lingua P erßca va lde re- "cedit Z e n d, in v e r b o r u m t a m e n Gra mmaticali conforma­

t i o n e f in gulisque p r o pri eta tibus illi accedit. Ita Z e n d

o-32) A viflij zaphan O rm uzd aß 0 'Zend zaphan ma, i. e Aveßa ffi lingua O rinuzdi et Z e n d mea. Z Av. II. 4 r, 42.

33) Z . A veßa II. n . p. 9. fq. Cf. W a h l , Allgem. Grfch. d. fflor-

genlåndifchen Sprachen p. 215. fq.

*) Q i m videas apnd A n q u e t i l , Z en d - Aveßa II. p. 424. Cf. Les M émoires de l’Académie des Melles Lettres T. XXI. p. 358, 359

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m n e s h a b e t g e n u i n o s P e r f i c o s f onos y c. g. P * , Chim r Zha 35). Q u o d fi c o g n a t i o n e m u t r i u s q u e l i n g u æ a n t e ocu* l o s q u o d a m m o d o p o l i t a m velis , l e q u e n t i a a d e a s 36.) Zend A f c h t i , a f t © 1 Perfice E fl. D o g d e Filia-. A f p o , A f p a h é Equns.

E 0 r u e d Oj»Î B rav u s , fo rtin .

M e r e t é O f# ’ M a x , homo.. N â f o> J U Nebula. A t e r e f c h , A t r e f c h ) (jîLiî Ignis. Z e m 0 Terra.. A f c h t e l c h i hm* £ P a x. D é o f c h é ( j % 0 Humerus;. V a t e in o b Nentus. H û e r é S J* - Sol: P a dé : bv. , Pes.. S e Très. T f c h e t v e r é : Quattuor;. P e a n t f c h e Quinquei.

E x his aliisque p au c is f hn is v e r b i s , q u æ ad hodiernam» P e r f i æ ' l i n g u a m a cc ed a nt , Zendieam h ui c e s f e p r o r f u s c onf im

i-35); W a h l , Allgem. Ge/ch. d. M orgenl. Sprachen p. 197. 2 0 4 -

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= = \ J

ï e m y n ë m o e xîf timet . A q ua p o t i u s t o t o coeîo differt. U t r i - Usque v e r o t a n t u m e sf e c o n c e n t u m , u t c o g n a t i o facile a p p a r e a t , - o f i e n d e r e v o l u i m u s . P r æ t e r e a o m n i s q u o q u e h ift ori a e t t radi ti o t e f t a n t u r , Zend esfe di al e ét u m Perficae l i n g u æ . Q u æ t a m e n d i a l e & u s , t e m p o r e l a b e n t e ,. m u l ­ t u m fuæ- g en ui na e m u t a v i t formas--» p r ae c i p u e , p o f f q u a m in o r e p op ul i esfe d t fi it . Q u u m eni m f a c r o r u m cul tu Um m i n i f t r a , a p u d M a g o s c i v i t a t e m a c c e p i t , voc a li um f or ­ fän m u l t i t u d o c o n f o n a n t i b u s i nfe rta f u i t , u t c an tu i a p ti ­ o r f ieret. H a c r a t i o n e f r e q u e n t i a m v o c a l i u m , in v e r b o ­ r u m t e r m i n a t i o n i b u s et f l e x i o n i b u s o c c u r r e n t i u m , i ntell i- g a s , q u æ q u i d e m t a n t a e f t , u t u b i fyllaba in c o n f o n a n - t e m e x i b a t , ibi p l e r u m q u e e vel o a d d e r e t u r , q u o e lo ­ c u t i o n u m e r o f i u s c a d e r e t , , t e n o r e m q u e q u e n d a m a t q u e f o n o r a m c a r m i n i s m o d u l a t i o n e m a c c i p e r e t 37J.. A r a r i æ æ , H e b r a i c æ , P h o e n i c i æ aliisque lin­ g u i s o r i e n t a l i b u s in eo Zend adfimile e f t , q u o d a r e f r a ad fini fl ram f c r i b i t u r ; fuis v e r o v o c a l i b u s , q u æ Temper f c r i b u n t u r , q u a r u m q u e XII figna in f cr ibendo p r o r f u s f u n t n ec es f ar ia , h o c ab illis v a ld e differt 38 ). Pa uc is f i- n i a s p r æ t e r e a Aramceasr uti d i c u n t , , r a d i c e s in l in gu a

Zendica i n v e n i a s , q u æ a linguis A f i æ m er i d i o n a li b u s a b ­

h o r r e r e , q u u m e c o n t r a r i o ad f e p t e n t r i o n a l e s a c c e d e r e v idea tur. M a x i m a q u i d e m p a r s Zendicarum r a d i c u m , u t

-3 7 ) Cf. Anh. z. Z . Avefltt e t Wa h l s Gefch.•

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€ = =

p o t e q n a m nulli l i n g u a r u m h od ie c o g n i t a r u m a d t r i b u e . r e p o s f i s , i g n ot a eft. Q u o d fine dubi o ab e o p e n d e t , q u o d h od i e p a u ci sf im a a n t i q ua idiomata fatis p e r f p e d t a h a b e m u s . M u l t a s , quae in Iberico f e r m o n e , Georgico e t

Celtico, p r o u t in his n o f t r a d ies fapit, rad ic es i n v e n i u n ­

t u r , in Zendico agnofc iinu s. Q u o d etiam in Grcccis e t L a ­

tinis v a le t . Q u o c i r c a nulli no f t r i s t e m p o r i b u s , q u i b u s m a g n u s Germanica e t Perfica linguae c o n c e n t u s a t q u e affi­ n i t a s u t r i u s q u e popul i in l u c em edita fuer it 39) , ho c a d e o m i r u m v i de a t u r . S e d qui a c o m p a r a t e m e l i u s j u d i c a b i t u r , p a u c a l u b e t a ff e r r e e x e m p l a 40).

A m e r f c h a n , immortalis, compof. e x pa rti cul a i n ­ d e s. a ( f v e t hi c e 0 ) e t m e r f c h , m e r f c h a n , morfch,

fra g ilis, mors, mortalis.

E m e f c h e , immortalis, e x e non ( v e l S v e t h 0) e t M e f c h e , M enfch, M ennijka; veluti E x homo, icke-menni-

JK a, 1. magis quam homo.

E a n t e r e , intra, in , inter. K h r o j d , crudus, durus. D e d a e t e , dat.

3 9 ) D e q u i b u s v i d e O . C e l s i u m in d i s f e r t a t . ci t . p r æ t e r e a W a h l ,

Gefeit, d Morgenland. Sprachen e t N o r b e r g , De origine lin­

g u a Gothica. Cf. v . H a m m e r , Gejch d . jehonen Redekünße

P erfiens, i m V o r r e d e .

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i 5 D e s m e h e , decimus.

D e n t a n o , dentes, Z a h n e, tander.

E p e ï a n m , e x e et p e i a n r n ( p a , filius) fins liberis* T e , PN, venit. D o g d e , Tochter, dotter. D u e , duo, tu a , z w o , zweij. D e h m o , cïtipcç. K h r e t o f c h , yçoeroç. S t a r a n m , Sterne, ß jern a . F e d r e , V a te r , fo d e r , pater. J a r e , J a h r , dr. K o r e j o e d , r r o , graben, g r a f um M a d , niit, med. V e r e t e t e , f e r r e , K e r e t e , kçxteiv. P a t e , P fad. P e o e r i m , prim ur. Q u a m v i s in i i s , q u æ fupra a t t u l i m u s , v o c a b u l i s , e t in aliis q u i b u s d a m , Z endica r e c e n t i o r i h u s m u l t i s l i n g u i s c o n s i m i l i s e f t , c o n n e x i o n i b u s t a m e n v e r b o r u m e t f r e ­ q u e n t i b u s c o m p o f i t i o n i b u s ab h i s illa v a l d e a b h o r r e t 4 1 ) , Z ßNDi cn confcri pt i ad n o f t r o s d i es f u p e r f un t t a n ­ t u m pauci Zend - Aveßce libri, Vicpered, Vendi da d, a l i iq u e , q u o r u m Vendidad p r æ c i p u u m r e li g i o n is f u n d a m e n t u m ha«

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b e t u r 4 2 ' ) . P r æ f e r h o s libros aliud q u a q u e .Zendicœ 'lin­ guae m o n u m e n t u m , q u o vi x ullum indignius., n oi tr i dies v i d e r u n t . I n r ui ni s i cdi oe t P a f a r g a d æ infcription-es a l i q u o t e x s t a n t , q u a r u m u n a m G r o t e f c n d e x p l i c a v i t i ll a m q u e Zendiea lingua e sl e e x a r a t a m , p r o b a v i t 4 3 ) . Quy» q u i d e m in v e r b o r u m c o m p of i ti o ni bu s et f le x i o n ib u s noti p r o r f u s a c c e d i t ad l i ng ua m Z end- A v tftcc , l ine d u b :o hac a n t i q u i o r e m 4 4 ) . Q u u m a u t e m verifimile fit, Zetiditnm l i n g u a m . , u t aliam q u a m l i b e t , d u m v i x e r i t , t e m p o r i b u s m u ­ t a t i s m u t a t i o n e s f ubi is le , e t c o n c e n t u s p ^ æ t e r e a i n t e r l i n g u a m i nfcr ipt ioni s expiicatao e t l i b r o r u m F a r f a r u m f a- c r o r u m , qui m a n u fcripti e x s t a n t , m a x i m u s f i t ; iflam e s - fe Zendicam l i n g u a m , quae, u t f upra d i x im u s . , in r e g i o n i ­ b u s M e d i a e , ad f e p t e n t r i o n e m v e r g e n t i b u s , f l o r u e r i t , v i x n e g a r i posfit. Q u u m u l t e r i u s in ha c i n f c r i p t i o n e m e n - t ro f a c t a eft d e r e g i b u s P e r f a r u m , D a r i o H y s t a s p i d e e t X e r x e; c e r t i s f i m i s indiciis c o m p e r t u m v i d e t u r , Ztndicam l i n g u a m n o n e s f e , u t R i c h a r d s o n 45) v o l u i t , a P a r f i s 4 2 ) V id e Z . Au,

4 3) U tb tr dit Erklärung der Keilfchriftenyund befondtrs der Infchrif- ten von Perfepolis, in H e e r e n s Ideen. U p f . p a g . 3 9 1 . fq . 4 4 ) A lin d f a n e Z e n d - A v e f t æ lin g u a h a b e t A lp h a b e tu m , alind in ­

f c r ip tio n is e x p lic a ta e , cu ju s litte r æ fu n t c u n é ifo r m e s e t d e x tr o r . fu m ex a ra ta e. Q ua e x re c o n c lu d e r e fas e f t , dua d iv erfa ferib en - d i g e n e r a fub v e te r i P erfaru m im p e r io o b tin u is fe , a lteru m f c ilic e t fa c r u m , in m o n u m e n tis ad p rim e la p id a riis u fu r p a tu m , alteru m p r o ­ fa n u m , in eru d ito ru m ta n tu m fe r ip tis a d h ib itu m . C f, Gr o t e -F E N D I. C.

45) Disfertation on the languages t litteraturs and manners o f Ea»

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