Investigating the Energy Consumption of an IEEE 802.11 Network Interface
Full text
(2) . .
(3) . . !
(4) " # $%& % $ ' &
(5) (( ! ) *!+& .
(6)
(7)
(8) .
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
(14)
(15)
(16)
(17)
(18) !
(19)
(20)
(21)
(22)
(23)
(24) .
(25) " " "
(26)
(27) "
(28) "
(29) .
(30) ,) !
(31) - . ! + !
(32) , .& )
(33) + , ! + - /! 0( -& !! ) , ) . , ) !. ) !
(34) & !
(35) . ! ( + , , ) -
(36) . !( ) + ,, !
(37) ,) !
(38) + .
(39) -12( - + ! +) - ! + ,) !
(40) .( ') 3 . .
(41)
(42)
(43) . 4 + . )
(44) + , !! ! + +5, Æ
(45) , ( + . ) ,) & ) .) ! + 6 + 5. ) 7 8( -& +
(46) . .(. .
(47) 9 -
(48) ! ) ) + ( ,) !
(49) - ,. )
(50)
(51) + + + ) . + ! !+
(52) - +) - )
(53) : ,) , ,) !
(54) ( & Æ + , + ! -) ,) ! ,! ( " )
(55) + ; + & ( 9 .& . ) !
(56) .) -( < .& , ! +) 5 .) . . , ( = , .
(57)
(58) + Æ & ,) ! .) .( !+ . . + ! +) ! , )( , & . + . .& ! , ), ., , Æ( ,, ! . , . , 3 . = . . ,& ., , Æ> .
(59) = . = . .
(60)
(61) + Æ> ! >. #
(62) ! +
(63) !
(64) 3 ( ,) !
(65) , + ,
(66) ! ! ) + 7,) + . 8 + . ( . - .
(67) #
(68) ! + ,) !
(69) + ! , ) ,) -
(70) -(.
(71) *
(72) , .) ,) ! ,! ! + !
(73) ,& ! + .)
(74) + ! ! ,) !
(75) .(
(76) &
(77) + ! !
(78)
(79) - ,) !
(80) ?$( - ( 12& + ' . @( ' . # !
(81) !
(82) ?$( = .A4 @ & !
(83) B,
(84) C + ( ! ,) + !
(85) , .
(86)
(87) . Æ . #
(88) !( ") !
(89) , ,) , ., Æ ,) ! +)
(90)
(91) &
(92) , Æ + !
(93) (
(94)
(95) . , ! , )! & +
(96) .
(97) - ( 4 &
(98) . ) !
(99)
(100) )! ,) ! ,! 3 + . - ( @ D & * < 9 - !!
(101)
(102) - ! ! ,) !
(103) 1$2( - ! !
(104) ?$( = .A4 & . !+ .( #
(105) ! + + + ! ,)( < .&
(106) , ! & - !
(107) B +
(108) !
(109) # +) ?$(
(110) ( 3 ., , + . . Æ(. +E) + ?$(
(111)
(112) , !
(113) ! ,) !
(114)
(115) ,
(116) -( + #
(117) ! ! ,) $.
(118) . ) ! #
(119) !. ) ! Æ . ! ( %
(120) .
(121) , - , .
(122) & ,., , ! = .A4 !
(123) ! ?$(
(124) ( F + !
(125)
(126)
(127) - ,) !
(128) !
(129)
(130)
(131) Æ 3 .
(132) ( ?
(133) !
(134) & , ! ( ,, ., (.
(135). 4 3
(136) ! & ! ) + ) . Æ( 4 -
(137) , ! ; ; !
(138) !
(139) ( 5 ! ! ) + 3 , !
(140)
(141) !
(142) ; B; ! & ! ! -
(143) . Æ( + ! & .) ,
(144) - E, ! & ,) ! +) - & .
(145) - + + , 3 ( & :#
(146) 3 !.
(147)
(148)
(149) B
(150) -( #
(151) ! :! ) ! ! . Æ .
(152) (. G H . /0. + ! !&
(153) + Æ - ! & ! ! ,) !
(154) ! - ;
(155) ) , . ( 9 , .
(156) - ,) !
(157) ! ! . ) ,& + ., , Æ(. . . ?$(
(158) 944
(159) ( " ,
(160)
(161) Æ& +E) ( & /3 0 ! ,& ), (
(162) / 0 ! ,( I ., & ! ( J ! 3 . . . . . G. . H . /$0.
(163) . . . G. . H . /0. J ?$( + Æ& +E) ( & ! , ( & ! + - 5 ) ( ?$(
(164) : + - ,! ! ( + 5
(165) +
(166)
(167) Æ +
(168) ).
(169)
(170) G
(171)
(172) G. H H . . /0 /0. ! , ., #
(173) + ! + +
(174)
(175) Æ( 5 E 5 + ?$(
(176) +
(177)
(178) Æ(.
(179). . 4 3
(180) , ! & - . . Æ ! +) ( !
(181) ) ,) !
(182) , ., Æ& + ,) ! +)
(183)
(184)
(185) Æ . !, ( . ! . ?$(
(186) &
(187) , , & + ( 4 , . . Æ( +
(188) ) + . 5
(189) .
(190) ( , + . G. . H . /%0. G. . H . /F0. , ). J , & . #
(191) + ! B ( & , , ) ! ) - + 3 !
(192) ! , - ( 4 . B !
(193) - ,) ., ,) +
(194) , ! ( 5 + E 5 +
(195) ?$(
(196) . . +) ( .
(197) , ). G. . H . /?0. 4 + .& 5 ! , . E
(198) ?$(
(199) . ( J , . )& . #
(200) + ! B (. . . 4
(201) , -
(202) ! ! .
(203) .
(204)
(205) Æ . ( , + . G. . H . /0. G. . H . /0. , ). .
(206)
(207) + Æ& ! #
(208) !( ?$( . ÆK #
(209) + ! Æ ( 4 , ) . +, !& .
(210) ,
(211) ! ! ( , ). G. . H . /0. #
(212) + ! , Æ , )(. 4 #
(213) !
(214) 1$2& ,) !
(215) ! +) ! , E , !.
(216) - (
(217) . , ! - + ! !
(218)
(219) + ) ,(
(220) !
(221)
(222)
(223) . , ,) !
(224) ,
(225) !
(226) . !( .
(227) J, ) @# " #. . . #
(228) ! , $(D<B A ?$( = .A4 @ 12&
(229)
(230) ) . + (
(231) +
(232) + (
(233) +
(234) :
(235)
(236) ?$( /(,( 4 0 ! ( < .&
(237) : ,) ! ,! 3 ! ) . ) ! , . !
(238) ! ( + A ?$( = .A4 @ @ /
(239) : 0 * B 9 . 9 ! 9 @
(240)
(241) ). !4 $? !4 !4 L. ! + !+ ?$(
(242) : ! ,) !
(243) , .,
(244) - . B( < .&
(245) :
(246) !
(247) :#
(248) ,, ( # 5 . ,) ! ,! ,(.
(249). . ! ! + , ) @# 4 " # 12( # - + - + # @ + #( . + M
(250) ( / # . ). + # ! ,
(251) , )BK . ) , +,,, @ (0 J, ( L , ! ! ! , 9<B J -
(252) 9 F , .
(253) (. . . "9 -@ %& , + )
(254) (
(255) ! J" * ) . + = .A4 . +) ". @ /
(256) 0( $ 9+
(257) A = .A4 %.
(258) rts, data. a). b). rts, data cts, ack cts, ack. J, $ 9 , ,) !
(259) / 0 , /+0 ., Æ rts, data. cts, ack. J, 9 , ,) !
(260) , Æ , + ?$( @ /7" B80( !
(261) ) ! , #
(262) !( #
(263) ! - . ) "9 -@ % F
(264)
(265) ½ $ 9+
(266) A = .A4 ?$( @ /+ 7" B8 7=8 ! 0( ! . 3 +) ! & 5 :, ( J !
(267) .)
(268) & . , /J, $ 0&
(269)
(270) #!)& (( ! ,+ , Æ( I .)
(271) & /J, 0
(272) . ! Æ
(273) !
(274) ) )( ) Æ& ! + ) . ! + - ) !. Æ
(275) - .)( + ! +) -, ½.
(276)
(277) F.
(278) a). rts, data cts, ack. ~18-22m ~18-22m. cts, ack. b). rts, data. ~18-22m ~18-22m. J, 9 , ,) !
(279) , Æ / 0 , & + /+0 , & + (.
(280)
(281) , ( . .)
(282)
(283) ) . ) . ¾ . ! , .) +, ( N .) (. . Æ. 4 !
(284)
(285) , ! , N*@
(286)
(287) + Æ& $
(288) -
(289) (
(290) - B , ! $ $ +)& , ? H $ +) N*@ @ ( - 9N +)& ,! ( A = .A4 ?$(
(291)
(292) :, + ( J
(293) - !. B& 7 8 ! ,(
(294) (
(295) + #
(296) !& , . ?$(
(297) .
(298) -( ¾.
(299)
(300) . ?.
(301) . ! ! ". #$ % &'( % !).
(302) . 3 . .. ,) !
(303) ( !
(304) , - , .
(305)
(306) ( * ?$(
(307) + ) .+
(308) :, + ( /
(309)
(310) ( ) + +) , . ! !
(311) 9 . +
(312) , ! , ;,
(313) ;(0. !. ""# Æ. J ?$(
(314)
(315) Æ /J, & %0& +E) ( & /3 0 ! ,& ), (
(316) / 0 ! ,( N
(317) ., & ! ( : C
(318) , .& ! , )( !, $% H +) /$$ +0 - + ($ !& , ) !
(319) (% !(. !
(320). $ Æ. J ?$( + Æ /J, F& ?0& +E) ( & ! , ( & ! + - 5 ) ( ?$(
(321) : + - ,! ! (
(322) ! ., ! ,
(323) !
(324) (
(325) . ) + + - +)
(326) - , ! ,& ., + Æ ! ! Æ
(327) (. !. . . . & .
(328) . ! ( < . 3 ! ! ( = .A4
(329) ! , . . Æ( " 3
(330) ! ) . Æ . .
(331) send RTS. send data. recv CTS. carrier sense?. recv ACK idle. 50 mV/div. idle. 500 usec/div. J, ,
(332)
(333) N*@@ Æ /$% +)0. send CTS. recv RTS. send ACK. recv data idle. 50 mV/div. idle. 500 usec/div. J, % .,
(334)
(335) N*@@ Æ /$% +)0 .
(336) send data. carrier sense? idle. 50 mV/div. idle. 500 usec/div. J, F , + N*@@ Æ /$% +)0. recv data idle. 50 mV/div. idle. 500 usec/div. J, ? ., + N*@@ Æ /$% +)0 .
(337) overhear. overhear. 50 mV/div. idle. idle low power (data). 500 usec/div. J, , + . ,
(338)
(339) N*@@ Æ /$% +)0 , .(
(340) ! ,: ) ,
(341) !
(342) ! 7 B8 ! /!40& + . + )
(343) !
(344) (. * + ,) ! +) ,& ., ,
(345) - 3 5 + ,) ! +) . . ,
(346) - . ; ; ,) !
(347) , ! . ( ,) !
(348) . . ,
(349) !
(350) (
(351) / 0
(352) . , , /G . , M 0 . . ( J, +, ,
(353) 9; + , ( !, ,) !
(354) . . !
(355) )
(356) / 0
(357) . ,& / 0 , . ( I . , 5
(358)
(359) ) .
(360)
(361) )
(362) - .( 4 , 7 8 . , $.
(363) dx = 4.52ms. integral 250 uV*sec / div. voltage 50 mV/div. dy = 1.01 mV*sec. current (V * 1 Ohm). integral. 1 msec/div. J, !
(364) , , ,
(365) 9 /
(366)
(367) 0 , ) - ) + . , & + ,) + ( < .& , & !. + - Æ ,) ! !( + $ A ?$( = .A4 @ @ /9 0 9 . 9 ! 9 @
(368)
(369) ). #
(370) ; FF !4 $ !4 $? !4 (% L. ! # ! F ?$ !4 $$ !4 $F$ $?? !4 (? (%$ L. !. $? !4 !4 L. + $ . ,) !
(371) (
(372) . , ! (%L& ) , . ( -
(373) . )
(374)
(375) + ) ,(
(376) 9; . ,, ! . , ! + FF!4( 4
(377) .
(378) & + . , ( < .& . , ) . .
(379) ( , ,) !
(380) & . . , ., !, ! !
(381)
(382) : / + 0( , & +. , , ! . ! . (
(383) ) (
(384) : ! + ! !( J. )&
(385)
(386)
(387) - ,) !
(388) :# ! !
(389) & ! !
(390) . )
(391) - B( A , !
(392)
(393) ( , & +. ,& + . . (F( @ - , , ,! (. &
(394) +) + !
(395) ,) !
(396) &
(397) ), Æ
(398) + ( ,
(399)
(400) J, + E + . #
(401) +
(402) ?$(
(403) ( ( ,
(404)
(405) / 0 + /+0 Æ . ! !. & +
(406)
(407) Æ , :# ?$(
(408) ( # ) #
(409) ( $( .,
(410)
(411) /0 + /0 Æ ! & #
(412) ! ( 4 #
(413) & :# 5 ,: ) .,
(414)
(415) Æ .) , :# & , ! ,( ( ., + Æ /0 ., Æ
(416) ! ! , /& ,0 #
(417) ! !. ( ) #
(418) . , ) 5 :# & . 5
(419) 3
(420) , ) , & + Æ 3( ! & ! & ,
(421) ( ( ,
(422) !
(423) ! +, ! / & 0( " !
(424) ¿. .
(425) + A ?$( = .A4 @ $( D<B * 3
(426)
(427) ! A 9 @ !
(428) 9 !.
(429)
(430) +
(431)
(432) . + .
(433) ! .
(434) ! .
(435) ! 7.8 .
(436) ¿
(437) G G ( H $ G ( H $ . G G ($ H G ( H % G ( H G ( H F G ( H %% G (? H $ G ($ H % G (? H % G ?? . !
(438) ! & ! , , , .( ! #
(439) + ! , , ( :# #
(440) 5 , ) . , 5
(441) 3( . ! & , &
(442) ( ( J , & + /0&
(443) , ,) ., ,)( ! ).
(444) , -
(445) ! ! /C0 . + ) , ( +. ! .) #
(446) . B ( %( 4 !
(447) , Æ& , , .
(448) Æ( #
(449) :#
(450) )
(451)
(452) . ( , + /& 0& , ) /,& 0 , ) /& C0 #
(453) . ! :# ( :# .
(454) 4000. 4000 a b c d e f g h i j k. 3000. energy (uW*sec). 2500. 3500 k 3000. 2000. a. 2500. b. 2000. 1500. 1500. 1000. 1000. energy (uW*sec). 3500. c 500. d,e,g. 0. i,j. 500 0. f -500. -500 h. -1000. -1000 0. 200. 400. 600 size(bytes). 800. 1000. J, #
(455) ! + ) ,
(456) ,
(457) ! ! &
(458) ) , (
(459) ) (
(460) + #
(461) ,) ! ,! ,) +) ! ). :# ! ) !
(462) (
(463) +
(464) , -
(465) ! ! ! -
(466) ! #
(467) . .& - !
(468) !
(469) ( F( . ! , ,) !
(470) +) /-0& ,) ! +) . 3. ! - ! +) $ 9+
(471) ( .) , ,) !
(472)
(473) ! ,
(474) + ! . + .) !
(475) .
(476) ! ! + -( #
(477) !. ) !
(478) ) , ,! #
(479) + :
(480) ( !+
(481) #
(482) ! ( I ,
(483) + ) !
(484) , /,)0 3 .
(485) -
(486) ,: ) . , , !+ ( . ) , %.
(487) ! .,
(488) ) #. ,
(489) ,
(490) ! .(
(491) , 3 ,: !
(492) & ! ) 3 ! ,)( 5 ! ) + Æ 3 ) ! !
(493) B 3
(494) ! ! . . !(. , -" % ., + ,) !
(495) + . = .A4 ?$( 3 ! , ,) !
(496) - ! + . ,( = .A4
(497)
(498) !+
(499) & ,
(500) !B + ! / . , ,0( 5 ,) !
(501) + !( )
(502) , ! .. . .
(503) & , ., ! ,( 4 !
(504) . #
(505) ! ! ) ( ! ) +
(506) + ! - ! !
(507) , 3 ) 5 , , ,) !
(508) ( 5 ! . ) + ., ( - ) . . Æ 3) ,: ) 5 , ! ,) Æ) ( . & + . + & 3 . )( #
(509) ! ! + . -
(510) , ! ( =
(511) ,
(512) + & )! , ! . )( -
(513) !B
(514) , ! !
(515) + .)
(516) ; B; ! & ), + ! ! +5 Æ( . .
(517) ! & + ! ! !
(518) # + ! +
(519) ( ! ) ! ) ! - ! Æ ! ,) !
(520)
(521) , + ! , #
(522) ! + + .( 9 !
(523) ! !& ,, ,
(524) .
(525) !( 4 94 )& #! ) , ! ,) !
(526) ) !
(527) ( 4 - )&
(528)
(529) ) & ! #& ! ,) ! ., , Æ( . ) ! , ,, ,,, ! ! ) . ! . (. F.
(530) ' ) .) !
(531) #
(532) ! ,) !
(533) ?$( !
(534) # , + . ( =
(535) : . ) !.
(536) . & + ) .. ,) !
(537) ! + - ) & . 94 ) ( @ , . .
(538)
(539) +
(540)
(541) Æ&
(542) - B
(543) ! !
(544) (. #)
(545)
(546) ) - - 9 / 0 #
(547) .
(548) . ,( - - !) . , !
(549) - 4 A + )
(550)
(551) ( + , !) #
(552) !
(553) + 1$2&
(554) +) . ) #
(555) !( - 9- 9 ) ,)
(556) !
(557) ) , !(. ?.
(558) ! ) 12 A 9 J)( 74 ,) !
(559) 9 @ ! 4 ) , @ 9 + 4 < -8( @ , J 9, 94 = -, D
(560) ( I & )& O )& ( 1$2 @ D & * < 9 - !!( 7 , @ !
(561) # D @*4 ; - (8 9 9;%&
(562) !+& %( 12 + ' . @( ' ( 7@ 9 ,! 3 9 + ! ! (8 @ , 9 + !;?& *. & P& I + ?( 12 A ,( 7= .A ?$( @ N; D8( J+ )& ( ( 12 ) ,)( 7@# " # N; 9 /@ ! )08( O )& %( (. .
(563)
Related documents
This thesis will make a proof of concept by only using telemetry metrics from a containeriz- ing software platform to estimate energy consumption of an application.. From the
When the land is purchased we can start to work on the building and again it's probably changed our mindset because Scania has a way to build their buildings and we need to
Some frame formats are shown in Figure 3.11, these frame formats could be contained in a payload in a transport connection like Mac service data unit (MSDU), fragments of MSDUs,
ing and improve performance. It will only be possible when we complete all the planned studies and transform the microworld we developed into
Across these examples air pollution is presented along with emissions as an issue to be solved through alterna- tive ‘cleaner’ fuels, emissions trading, efficiency and quality
An example of waste heat is all the fresh water that is needed for cooling of equipment; it becomes heated up and without seizing the heat the water just gets pumped back into the
Therefore, this study investigates the impact of non-fossil energy consumption on each of the ecological footprint’s six components; cropland, forest land, grazing
At the moment, to ensure reliable and high-quality electricity supply on the island as well as transmission of the total wind power production, the local grid company,