. BIBLIOGRAPHY
WESTERN SNOW
. CONFERENCE
BIBLIOGRAPHY
of the
WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE
Issued
January
1974
Phillip E. Farnes (General Chairman)
Box
691
Robert T. Davis (Secretary)
Room
360
u.s.
Courthouse
Spokane, Washington
99201
Bozeman, Montana
59715
Editorial Committee
Jack N. Washichek, Editor
Charles Leaf
Robert T. Davis
Printed By
Colorado State University
Fort Collins, Colorado
BIBLIOGRAPHY
OF
WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE
1933 -
1973
This publication presents a complete summary of the technical papers and discussions
that have been published under the auspices of the Western Snow Conference and its
pre-decessor the Western Interstate Snow Survey Conference. It contains 573 items published
between 1933 and 1973. The summary for each published article is on a 3 x 5 card and
in-cludes an abstract, listing of authors and major subjects.
The Western Interstate Snow Survey Conference was created and organized, to discuss
and resolve problems in the field of snow surveying including: procedures, instruments, and
the forecasting of streamflow derived from snowmelt. Dr. J. E. Church, Jr., Professor of
the Classics, University of Nevada, and Meteorologist, Nevada Agricultural Experiment
Station, developed procedures for measuring the depth and the amount of water in a snow
sample. Average water content was compared with the runoff for a period of months during
the snowmelt season. This work was started in 1909 on Mount Rose, between Reno and Lake
Tahoe, Nevada. By 1932 the work had spread to other localities in the Sierra Nevada
Mountains, the high mountains of Utah, the Rockies, and the Cascade Mountains of Oregon
and Washington.
In 1933, Dr. Church; Harlowe M. Stafford, Hydraulic Engineer, Division of Water
Resources, State of California; and George D. Clyde, Head Civil Engineering, Utah State
University, at Logan, organized a conference of engineers and scientists interested in the
problems of snow surveying. This meeting to discuss mutual problems was held at the
University of Nevada at Reno, Nevada. The Proceedings of the first Western Interstate
Snow Survey Conference was published as a University of Nevada Bulletin.
During the fall of 1933 Dr. Church arranged
~iththe American
Geophys~calUnion,
Section of Hydrology, to hold the Snow Conference meetings with that organization and to
have the technical papers included with the Transactions of the AGU. This arrangement
continued through 1947 when meetings became so frequent that the Western Snow Conference
(name changed in 1943) began to lose its identity. In 1948 conference members voted to hold
only one meeting per year, and to publish their own Proceedings. This arrangement has since
continued.
Technical papers and discussions of the 41 Western Snow Conference meetings have
been published in a variety of means and under the auspices of several organizations. The
WSC recognized the need to locate, identify, and summarize the technical material developed
over the years. This would be a valuable tool for researchers, scientists and others
inter-ested in the theories, procedures, and instruments used in snow survey and water supply
forecasting through the many years since its inception. Consequently, the Western Snow
Conference prepared and published this bibliography of the technical articles and
dis-cussions published by the Conference.
Work on this bibliography was initiated at the 1959 meeting in Reno. The next year
Ashton R. Codd was appointed to head the work on this activity. Sample bibliography sheets
were printed in the 1965 Proceedings, and the first draft was completed. Codd continued
his work and presented a second draft to the Conference in 1968. W. D. Simons was appointed
to review and edit the assembled material. A new style format was prepared in 1969 and
sub-sequently adopted. This format contains title, author, standard data for bibliographic
citation, and an abstract of less than 150 words for each paper or discussion. Cards in this
original issuance are printed on sheets that can be filed in looseleaf notebooks or cut to
size for use in a 3 x
5 card file. Abstract cards published in each years Proceedings will
provide a means for keeping the Bibliography up to date.
In the upper right hand side there are three numbers. The first, a Western Snow
Conference number identifies the sequence in which it was presented to the conference.
Paper No. 1 is the first paper on the program at the first meeting, No. 2 is the second
paper and so on. This is followed by the year in which it was presented. For example,
-1-WSC 1-33 identifies the first paper presented to the Conference at the 1933 meeting;
WSC 420-64 identifies the four hundred twentieth paper presented to the Conference and it
was at the 1964 meeting.
The other two numbers; Catalogue No. and CRREL No. refer to the "Bibliography on
Snow, Ice and Perma-Frost with Abstracts" prepared by the SIPRE and CRREL projects of the
U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Snow Ice Permafrost establishment and Cold Regions Research
Engineering Laboratory at Hanover, New Hampshire. Many papers presented by Western Snow
Conference members have been abstracted by the Library of Congress SIPRE Bibliographic
project. Through the generous cooperation of the SIPRE and CRREL organizations permission
was granted to the Western Snow Conference to use their abstracts and reference cards. In
those cases where these are used, the SIPRE and Library of Congress catalogue numbers are
shown in the upper right portion of the bibliography cards.
An alphabetical listing of subjects and sub-subjects has been developed from the
key words shown on the right hand side of the card. These are also keyed to the WSC Paper
Numbers. The subject index was prepared to emphasize snow and snow surveying and therefore
is not identical with the Water Resources Thesaurus. A paper may be shown under several
topical headings. In some instances, all of the listings are not shown on the cards. Of
the over 450 topical headings some of the most popular ones are: Water Supply Forecasting;
Statistical Analysis; Snowmelt and Runoff; and Weather Modification. These clearly indicate
the topics of most interest to conference members.
A summary of the Bibliography: by years; paper numbers; and locations are shown in
the following tabulation.
JEAR
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
PAPER NOS.
1-13
14-20
-21
22-31
32-42
43-61
62-86
87-128
129-145
146-148
149-161
162-183
184-190
191-195
196-198
199-214
215-221
222-230
231-239
240-249
250-264
265-278
279-288
289-299
300-322
323-334
335-346
347-362
363-378
379-393
394-414
415-426
427-443
444-456
457-474
475-493
PLACE
Reno, Nevada
Berkeley, California
Salt Lake City, Utah
Pasadena, California
Denver, Colorado
Davis, California
Los Angeles, CA
&
Spokane, WA
Stanford, California
Sacramento, California
Pasadena, California
Corvallis, Oregon
Berkeley, California
Portland, Oregon
Sacramento, California
Portland, Oregon
Reno, Nevada
Denver, Colorado
Boulder City, Nevada
Victoria, British Columbia
Sacramento, California
Boise, Idaho
Salt Lake City, Utah
Portland, Oregon
Penticton, British Columbia
Santa Barbara, California
Bozeman, Montana
Reno , Nevada
Santa Fe, New Mexico
Spokane, Washington
Cheyenne, Wyoming
Yosemite, California
Nelson, British Columbia
Colorado Springs, Colorado
Seattle, Washington
Boise, Idaho
Lake Tahoe, Nevada
YEAR
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
PAPER NOS.
494-511
512-527
528-543
544-560
561-573
PLACE
Salt Lake City, Utah
Victoria, British Columbia
Billings, Montana
Phoenix, Arizona
Grand Junction, Colorado
Every effort has been made to make this bibliography as complete and as free from
error as possible. It is inevitable that some discrepancies may occur. It would be
appreciated if such items be brought to the attention of the Western Snow Conference.
WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE BIBLIOGRAPHY
SUBJECT INDEX
-A-ABLATION
Snowpack
143-41, 144-41, 261-53, 495.-69, 496-69, 509-69, 530-71
AERIAL
Markers (Snow Cover)
26Q-53, 349-60, 379-62
Observations
379-62
Photography
260-53, 349-60, 408-63, 469-67, 496-69, 488-69
ALBEDO
Snow
50Q-69
ANCHOR ICE
219-49
ARTIFICIAL PRECIPITATION
(See Weather Modification)
AUTOBIOGRAPHY
Snow (Church)
221-40
AUTOMATIC DATA PROCESSING
Hydrologic Data
492-68, 493-68
Multiple Regression Formula
-Development
350-60
-Solution
35Q-60
Snow Survey Data
Weather Bureau Data
AVALANCHE
Countermeasures
Controls
Forecasting
514-69
306-57
223-50, 402-63
358-60, 359-60, 431-65
223-50
AVALANCHE
Physical Properties
568-73
Research
242-52, 402-63, 423-64, 431-65, 568-73
Rescue
223-50, 298-56
Safety
223-50, 431-65, 502-69, 558-72
Statistical Evaluation
568-73
BASE FLOW
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Abstracts
BLOWING SNOW
Particle Counter
Patterns
CALCIUM CHLORIDE
CANOPY COVER
Measurement
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
Snow
-B-262-53, 263-53, 264-53, 271-54, 290-5u
28Q-55
507-69
377-61
-c-107-40, 118-40, 230-50
286-55, 337-59
346-59
CLIMATOLOGY
CLOCKS
CLOUDS
Climatic Cycles
Limiting Factors
Statistical Analysis
124-40, 387-62
573-73
366-61
Recording New Escapements
134-41
Icing Properties
318-57, 319-57
Cloud Seeding
(See Weather Modification)
COMPUTERS
Operation and Procedures
35o-6o, 351-60, 503-69
(See Automatic Data Processing)
CONDENSATION
On
Snowpaek
344-59, 501-69, 531-71
COOPERATIVE SNOW INVESTIGATIONS 6-33, 199-48, 203-48, 205-48, 207-48, 209-48, 214-48,
218-49
CRYSTALS
Snow
87-40
CYCLES
Geologie
124-40
Precipitation
1o-33, 387-62
-D-DESALINIZATION
561-73
DENSITY
Forest Canopy Cover
337-59
Snow or Snowpack
187-45, 197-47, 500-69
DIGITAL COMPUTER
(See Automatic Data Processing)
(See also Electronic Computer)
DRY SNOW
Compaction
449-66
-E-ECONO~ICS
