296. Submerged flow measurements on Bijou flume, July 1932

(1)

(2)

·Form 164.

CURRENT METER NOTES.

BOOK No:·---~---·

IRRIGATION INVESTIGATIONS. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE,

BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS. 8- 194

(3)

RATDfG TABLE, GURLEY CURRENT METER NO. 15,188

r~y 14, 1 9 3 2 V

=

2.192 R + o. 020

----~~--~--~~--~-~---~----~----~~-~---~-~~~--~~--~---~----~~~--~-~-~-~~~~----~

Revs. Revs.

per o.oo o.o1 o.o2 0.03 0.04 0.05 o.oe o.o7 0.08 0.09 per

Sec. Se('.

Velocity in Feet per Second

o.o •••• 0.04 0.05 0.09 o.]J. 0.13 0.15 0.17 0.20 0.22

o.o

o.1 0.24 .26 .28 .30 .33 .35 .37 .39 .41 .44 o.1 0.2 .46 .48 .50 .52 .55 .57 .59 .61 .63 .66 0.2 0.3 .68 .70 .72 .74 .76 .79 .81 .83 .85 .87 0.3 0.4 .90 .92 .94 .96 .98 1.01 1.03 1.05 1.07 1.09 0.4 0.5 1.12 1.14 1.16 1.18 1.20 1.23 1.25 1.27 1.29 1.31 0.5 0.6 1.34 1.36 1.38 1.40 1.42 1.44 1.47 1.49 1.51 1.53 0.6 0.7 1.55 1.58 1.60 1.62 1.64 1.66 1.69 1.71 1.73 1.75 0.7 o.8 1.77 1.80 1.82 1.84 1.86 1.88 1.90 1.93 1.95 1.97 o.8 0.9 1.99 2.01 2.04 2.06 2.08 2.10 2.12 2.15 2 .1'1 2.19 0.9 1.0 2.21 2.23 2.26 2.28 2.30 2.32 2.34 2.36 2.3~ 2.41 1.0 1.1 2.43 2.45 2.48 2.50 2.52 2.54 2.56 2.58 2.61 2.63 1.1 1.2 2.65 2.67 2.69 2.72 2.74 2.76 2.78 2.ao 2.83 2085 1.2 1.3 2.87 2.89 2.91 2.94 2.96 2.98 3.00 3.02 3.04 3.07 1.3 1.4 3.09 3.11 3.13 3.15 3.18 3.20 3.22 3.24 3.26 3.29 1.4 1.5 3.31 3.33 3.35 3.37 3.40 3.42 3.44 3.46 3.48 3.50 1.5 1.6 3.53 3.55 3.5'7 3.59 3.51 3.54 3.66 3,68 3.'70 3.72 1.6 1.'7 3.75 3.77 3.79 3.81 3.83 3.86 3.88 _3r9o 3.92 3.94 1.7 1.8 3.95 3.99 4.01 4.03 4.05 4.07 4.10 4U-2 4.14 4.16 1.8 1.9 4.18 4.21 4.23 4.25 4.27 4.29 4.32 4.34 4.36 4.38 1.9 2.0 4.40 4.43 4.45 4.47 4.49 4.51 4.54 4156 4.58 4.60 2.0 2.1 4.62 4.65 4.6'1 4.69 4.71 4.73 4.75 4.78 4.80 4.82 2.1 2.2 4.84 4.86 4.89 4.91 4.93 4.95 4.97 5.00 5.02 5.04 2.2 2.3 5.06 5.08 5.11 5.13 5.15 5.17 5.19 5.22 5.24 5.25 2.3 2.4 5.28 5.30 5.32 5.35 5.37 5.39 5.41 5.43 5.46 5.48 2.4 2.5 5.50 5.52 5.54 5.57 5.59 5.61 5.53 5.65 5.68 5.70 2 1::; •

J

2.6 5.72 5.74 5.76 5.78 5.81 5.83 5.85 54187 5.89 5.92 2.6 2.7 5.94 5.96 5.98 6.00 6.03 6.05 6.07 6J09 6.11 5.14 2.7 2.8 6.16 6.18 5.20 6.22 6.24 6.27 6.29 5t~31 5.33 6.35 2.8 2.9 6.38 6.40 6.42 6.44 6.46 6.49 6.51 6.53 6.55 6.57 2.9

(4)

Jolet

1 I -v GAGING OF---;---'--- ---DATE,---, 19____ METER NO.--- ~---GAGING MADE BY ---~-~--- ---Dist.from initial point. Checked by Depth of water. Contfit un f clnl.nnel, Method of gaging, '("' Rema(JP;I t Depth of observation. Time in seconds. ~VELOCITY. t § - - -<l)O -~5l AT

---

...&J

v

!2~! ____

/_:J..

_---_-_--_--_-_~t1t,...

,

_-~_--_-_---_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_---~

MEASUREMENT BEGAN ..:\.T --- GAGE HEIGHT

{I.

I.--Canal

---GAGE HEIGHT { I. L ______ _

Canal ---,.,

Discharge.

If.

!Jde Fell iGp l tj-:J-1..-

...--/Jlfl./1 a-~"~

r

'/• _S''-

-

_6._.

-,,

-1·:5~1 /'-I t..f '1 t...o g 0

(5)

GAGING OF---DATE,---, 19____ METER

NO.---GAGING MADE BY

---Dist. from Depth of Depth of Time in initial point. water. observation. seconds.

Computed by Checked by Condition of channel, Method of gaging, Remarks: ~ ~VELOCITY. j ; ; § -~ -~ At point. AT ---_______________ --- ____ ---~ MEASUREMENT BEGAN AT--- GAGE HEIGIIT

{I.

I.---~ Canal ---GAGE HEIGHT {I.

I.---Canal ----~

(6)

I

GAGING OF

---:r---DATE, --~--(.l/._f.:::! _ _t .. _:_ __________ , 19____ METER N 0.

s

so Ll< 50 I· liD

.a

5"0

'·'¢

50 ).I J I I '2 .50 f.J3 50 t,\"1-50 _1;'5 J.lb .S':l _•' .:fO f,f::J .J$ Computed by

_1-1

Checked by l·SS~ Condition of channel, 1·55~ _?\ (.., Method of gaging,

D·<SLj

a-

},4 ~ 4', J('J Remarks: I I 0-

1

(. '-1

s

tS" 4',q3 .:2- I.S4-I 1·1-{

s

5 s.·o~

AT---

o:f:t~Q

_

(;!

_______

~

-

~

-

!':

_

i_LQ~

---~

MEASUREMENT BEGAN AT __ 4 .. 'Q_ ______ GAGE HEIGHT

{I.

I.--Canal ---MEASUREMENT ENDED AT --- GAGE HEIGHT (I.

I.---l Canal ---VELOCITY. Area.

l2o-z£

;.h., I 1 .t I I ~? Mean depth. Width. (o/0 .:J 11.)-Discharge; /.S3.L/ ._

(7)

GAGING

OF--DATE,---, 19____ METER N 0.

---GAGING MADE BY ---·---

---Dist. from Depth of Depth of Time in

initial point. water. observation. seconds.

6 ~-d VELOCITY. ~~ r ; § -Q> 0 <1l 0 ~~ ~~ Computed by Checked by Condition of channel, Method of gaging, Remarks: ~~~ ';).1 AT---'-·=-· ---MEASUREMENT BEGAN AT--- GAGE HEIGHT

{I.

I.---Canal

---MEASUREMENT ENDED AT--- GAGE HEIGHT {I.

I.--Canal

---VELOCITY.

Mean in

section.

Area. _depth.Mean Width. Discharge,

(8)

GAGING OF--- .,---DATE, ---• 19____ METER NO.---·-GAGING MADE BY

---Dist. from Depth of Depth of Time in ·

Computed by Checked by Condition of channel, Method of gaging, Remarks: ~ ':'.,j VELOCITY. ~§ -~ -~ At point. AT---~

MEASUREMENT BEGAN AT--- GAGE HEIGHT {I.

I.---Canal

---Area. _depth.Mean

GAGE HEIGHT { I. I.

---Canal ----~

(9)

5

DATE, ____ j_ ___________ /_ __________ , 19____ .METER N 0. ---~----_(_ ____ $_ ____ _

/

Dist. from Depth of Depth of Time in

/ Computed by /~ / -/73 Checked by _/ _{/. /35"'} Condition of channel, _{/ - /} Method of gaging, Remarks: I /./8~ U'•.:C/ 7 /· / S,Y /· .21 '"I /• 18"1 .~ _{/ • 2 / 8} _{/o /} 3'.::;-_E • ~ • VELOCITY. ~~ ~§ -~:3 ~ ~ At point.

-r.

/~~'? ~-Y~ -¥ _/-::r, .j", _? .1. .z~ P.l'f. AT---.:_ __ : ________ ~

MEASUREMENT BEGAN AT ___ .:.~f~-~-- GAGE HEIGHT

{I.

I.---:--Canal

---.MEASUREMENT ENDED AT _:[._~;it-"~'- ·GAGE HEIGHT {I.

I.--Cnnal ---VELOCITY. Area.

11q

l,'2J~

1{b/,1v

.Mean

depth. Width. Discharge.

sq-z.

ID1

(10)

GAGING OF---·

---DATE,---, 19____ METER

NO.---Dist. from Depth of Depth of Time in

I I

I

~

I

[~ / · ,I,

II

/I .z $C .8 _so

_t.o

'

I

/I .·~ --:3:~ so

r:.r

urr

#. h () 6'0 I Computed by phecked by Condition of channel, Method of gaging, Remarks: AT --- __ --- _ --- __ ---~--- ---~ M _{EA UREME T BEGAN AT---}S N _--_- GAGE HEIGHT {I. I.---_Canal ---MEASUREMENT ENDED AT--- GAGE HEIGHT f I.

I.--- I.--- l Canal ---VELOCITY.

(11)

GAGING OF---=---DATE,---, 19____ METER

NO.---j! Computed by Checked by Condition of channel, Method of gaging, Remarks: AT---.,.---:

S EN GAGE HEIGHT

{I.

I.---~

MEA UREM T BEGAN AT---

Canal---4·77)

4

.D}7

---

1

I 7.

q ...]·

Mean depth.

GAGE HEIGHT {I.

I.--Canal ---Width. 1.5tJ • ?.. -.'2

4·

3S

6-o

,,

Discharge.

(12)

GAGING OF---

---DATE,---, 19 ___ ~ METER

NO.---GAGING MADE BY

---Dist. from Depth of Depth of Time in

b ~ VELOCITY.

~~ ~§ -~:3 ~ ~ At point.

AT---..!'---~---~

GAGE HEIGHT

{I.

I.---MEASUREMENT BEGAN AT--- _ Canal

---Mean

depth.

GAGE HEIGHT

{I.

I.--:Canal

(13)

GAGING 9F

---DATE, __ j_ ___ l_j __ 2 _Q _________ , 19 __ ?- METER No. _L§i_l_$_ _______ _

Dist. from Depth of Depth of Time in

Computed by Checked by r Condition of channel, 1 , Method of gaging,,., ~ ;l 7 3 [....I ) } Remarks: <.... /, "'). 7 j fl~/0

o.

t. -L1.2-C ~ /)I

/,-17

/,')..1 J ,')_ J 2.. /,:2/Z

9

GAGE HEIGHT

{I.

I.---~ MEASUREMENT BEGAN AT ____ !________ Canal----~

Area.

GAGE HEIGHT I.

I.---Canal ----~ Mean depth.

s.-Width. II ~0 Discharge.

(14)

GAGING OF---DATE,---, 19____ METER N 0. ---GAGING MADE BY ---Dist. from initial point. li.o J -1.9 Depth of water.

/

.

I

f

11

vt/;

Computed by Checked by Condition of channel, Method of gaging, De-pth of

observation. seconds. Time in

~ ~VELOCITY. ~§----CD<:.> p:j ~ At point. A'!' ---__________ _:

---MEASUREMENT BEGAN A'r --- GAGE HEIGHT

{I.

I.---Canal

---GAGE HEIGHT

{I.

I.---MEASUREMENT ENDED AT --- Canal

---VELOCITY. Mean in vertical.

(15)

II

,16 Dist.from initial point. Computed by;

D .

Checked by Condition of channel; ;. J- £ Method of gaging, ₁

?..'

Remarks: .

2-f /.')....(.

L;,,_~

I

r

D GAGE HEIGHT

{I.

I.---·

MEASUREMENT BEGAN AT-----+--- Canal ---GAGE HEIGHT {I. I.---MEASUREMENT ENDED AT --- Canal

---VELOCITY. Area. ,, (J Mean

I

depth. Width.

95,0'

I

Discharge. 5

(16)

GAGING OF--- ---DATE,---, 1g____ METER N 0. --- --GAGING MADE BY --- ---Dist.from initial point. Computed by Checked by Depth of water.

Condition of channel, Method of gaging, Remarks:

Depth of

observation. Time in seconds.

... ~VELOCITY. ~§----<1>C.> ~ ~ At point. AT--- ---GAGE HEIGIIT

{I.

I.-~---MEASUREMENT BEGAN AT--- Cana ---GAGE HEIGHT { IC. I.-~---MEASUREMENT ENDED AT --- ana

---VELOCITY.

Area. Mean in Mean in vertical. section.

Mean

(17)

Dist. from Depth of Depth of

initial point. water. observation.

Computed by Checked by Condition of channel, Method of gaging, Remarks: AT--- __ -· ---

---MEASUREMENT BEGAN AT--- GAGE HEIGHT {I.

I.--Canal

---Mean in section.

Area. _depth.Mean

GAGE HEIGHT {I.

I.--Canal

(18)

GAGING OF---.,.--- ---_:---DATE, ---• 19____ METER NO.---GAGING MADE BY---.---;---

---Dist.from initial point. Computed by Checked by Condition of channel, Method of gaging, Remarks: b 1'3 o·!

.s:

'+9

--

₁

_3o3 lVELOCITY. AT---·-----:-· ___________________ ,. ___ _ MEASUREMENT BEGAN AT--- GAGE HEIGHT

{I.

_{Canal __}I.---_:_{__} MEASUREMENT ENDED AT--- GAGE HEIGHT {I.

I.---Canal ____ _ VELOCITY. Area. Mean in Mean in vertical. section. Mean

(19)

Dist. from Depth of Depth of Time in initial point. water. observation. seconds.

~ ~ VELOCITY. ~~ ~§ -~:3 ~ ~ At point. I . Computed by

;-lcz_

_1--1_b Checked by /t 3 ~~ Condition of channel, /.

'

: J ~ Method of gaging, 1.,3(p () G' J

o

Remarks: lr3CP _.2 (;·~

/,359

11309 AT--- --- ---

--MEASUREMENT BEGAN AT ___ f_~]_ _____ GAGE HEIGHT {I. I.---

-Canal

---MEASUREMENT ENDED AT--- ____ GAGE HEIGHT {I. I.---

--Canal ---VELOCITY. Area. Mean in Mean in vertical. section.

Ve~

r ...

te9

ot

Jyte

er

tJ.oq

v=

2. ~

ufo

7C::.

,b

2

Mean depth.

(o

Width. I Discharge. /25' GcV' :2. '3

97

r

(20)

GAGING

OF---:---DATE,---, 19____ METER

NO.---·GAGING MADE

BY---Depth of Depth of Time in

water. observation. seconds.

I

~

Computed by 1: Checked by Condition of channel, Method of gaging, Remarks: AT---·---

---MEASUREMENT BEGAN AT--- GAGE HEIGHT {I.

I.---Canal

---Mean in

section. Area.

GAGE HEIGHT {I. I.---

-Canal ---Mean I . depth. W1dth. Discharge.

3 ~

\ '-\

~

7 ~(/

(21)

El

d

~

z

r

tl VY1

GAGING OF __ - ---- ---:JCTER NO. ___

L}_

__

Q

_c:). ___

_

I, _{initial point.}Dist. from Depth of _water. _observation.Depth of _seconds.Time in

53.0 So <:

G"lo

'1'1,3 .55

3

7~-F] .. &

70

~ ~()2..

77

5 ~ Computed by Checked by Condition of channel, Method of gaging, Remarks: .AT--- . •

~--0 C...-

---~-

.:Jt;;i

__ 'd_§ __

d.t::J~-

--"---

·

__ --- --MEASUREMENT BEGAN AT

--

f-A

----

GAGE HEIGHT

{I.

I. _

,4_~-, Canal

---' 1' •

{I I

MEASUREMENT ENDED AT~-.. !-·--- GAGE HEIGHT . . __ .. __ _ Canal

---Area. _depth.Mean Width.

I

Discharge.

(22)

l

II

I

II

GAGING OF---~---~---.-DATE,---, 19____ METER NO.---GAGING MADE

BY---~-Dist. from Depth of Depth of Time in initial point. water. observation. seconds.

Computed by Checked by Condition of channel, Method of gaging, Remarks: ~VELOCITY. ~g -~ -~ At point. ~ T ---·--- -·

---MEASUREMENT BEGAN AT--- GAGE HEIGHT

{I.

I.--Canal

---MEASUREMENT ENDED AT --- GAGE HEIGHT

{I.

I.--Canal ---VELOCITY. Area. Mean in Mean in vertical. section. Mean

(23)

Dist. from initial point. Computed by Checked by Depth of water. Condition or channel, Method of gaging, Remarks: Depth of

observation. Time in seconds.

lg ~VELOCITY. j ( ; § -Q)O ~ ~ At point. AT---·---·---

---MEASUREMENT BEGAN AT-... ---~--- GAGE HEIGHT

{I.

I.--Canal

---MEASUREMENT ENDED AT--- GAGE HEIGHT{ I. I.---

-Canal ---VELOCITY. Area. Mean in Mean in vertical. section. Mean

(24)

GAGING OF---~---

---DATE,---, 19____ METER NO.---

---GAGING MADE BY ---

---~

':'-d !VELOCITY.

~~

-Dist. from Depth of Depth of Time in initial point. water. observation. seconds.

~~ Computed by Checked by Condition of channel, Method of gaging, Remarks: AT -r---·---·---· ---

---MEASUREM~NT BEGAN AT--- GAGE HEIGHT {I.

I.--Canal

---MEASUREMENT ENDED AT--- GAGE HEIGHT {I. I.--Canal

---VELOCITY.

Mean in section.

(25)

GAGING OF ____

7 /3

_

c

~

---

-(d_

________

_2

_

Q_::

_

E_f

___

E(

_

~

_

j11

DATE, ____

lf-d.

_

j

_

y_

____

Q

_

L

,

19 ~2y

ETER

No. ___ /_ __

g_f

i:_l_

GAGING MADE BY _____

~

---

__

s

_

kl

_

c~

-

~!L:

___ _

.£ ________

~

--

1

Depth of Depth of Time in

water. observa.tion. seconds.

~-d VELOCITY. t l . l l : l -.;~ At point. Computed by _{/-fq_}

T;nic

Checked by ,~4,CJ

z.

I,' S"

o

-

;tjoa Condition of channel, . "' Method of gaging, Remarks:

_$

i46Cc.l -0~/2

z:D

~

4,

D CZ.. 3_9.;q ( _{2 ..}_'

_:2lf

~40 ~ ~~

9

6

2' ~ ~ 4·10~ _3.

d

_.2..

<-' _... G.ll....L...b_ AT---·---· ______ :_ ________________ _ I ( -

{I.

I.---MEASUREMENT BEGAN AT-/-- __ ...._ __ --- GAGE HEIGHT

Canal---MEASUREMENT ENDED AT--- GAGE HEIGHT

{I.

I.---

-Canal ---VELOCITY. Mean in Mean in vertical. section. .._ 1- ./ (>. Area.

'}--9o·

-Mean

(26)

GAGING 0 F

---DATE,--->---, 19____ METER

NO.---·---GAGING MADE BY---

Computed by Checked by Condition of channel, Method of gaging, Remarks: b ~ VELOCITY. 'O,n ! ( ; § -~~ ~ ~ .At point. AT---·---·--·-·

---GAGE HEIGHT {I.

I.---MEASUREMENT BEGAN .AT--- Canal ---GAGE HEIGHT

{I.

I.---

-MEASUREMENT ENDED .AT --- Canal ---VELOCITY.

Mean in Mean in

vertical. section.

(27)

r

GAGING OF--- ---Dist. from initial point. Condition of channel, Method of gaging, Remarks: AT---·---·

---MEASUREMENT BEGAN AT--- GAGE HEIGHT {~~:a~-~~~~~

MEASUREMENT ENDED AT ---

---VELOCITY.

Mean in vertical.

Area. _depth.Mean

I. I. ---

(28)

l

. I I

GAGING OF __

_B

_

!

______

j__~ _____ j_:J__~_)_

__

1 ____________________ _

· Of-~ ~~~~g

DATE, ---• 19____ METER NO. __ £ __________________ _

GAGING MADE BY

---

~~

--

:

--

-

---

1 ---~---

_L~

_

'tf_l..t_

_______

_

Depth of Depth of Time in

water. observation. · seconds.

Computed by Checked by Condition of channel, Method of gaging, Remarks: .I

?.z

53 I~-~ -'-11.1; 4 ~.0 -'l -.c. 4-7, ~ ~s-.~ 4/a ,fl--4 ~h .q 2 ~ ~ VELOCITY. ~ ~ ~ § ...__ _ _ _ ~:3 ~ ~ At point. too l.f'~ _2._-6Cf_/ 1 t:IO 2p !oo 2,/~ I _{0 0 2,.0~} I 0 D :2.n Ioo 1·1 (:, (0 I ((') 0 ./ 2

o-

A

J:lu)/)

1 .

. .

AT---··---"'--- ··-··-·

---,---MEASUREMENT BEGAN AT __ -~~--- GAGE HEIGHT { IC.

I.-~---ana

---11 I -4

s

/\._

{

I. I.

---MEASUREMENT ENDED AT~- _: ______ .E-u-AGE HEIGHT I

Cana

---8.147

3./SZ-Area. _depth.Mean Discharge.

)

(29)

GAGING

OF---DATE,---, 19____ METER

NO.---GAGING MADE BY ---

::, ~ VELOCITY. '0..; _~ "'~ -§ ~ g ~:p ~ ~ At point. Computed by Checked by L .S 6 i Condition of channel, U

f

/1

'b 7 Method of gaging, 0 u.117 1 3

f

Remarks:

.AT---··---·

---GAGE HEIGHT

{I.

I.---MEASUREMENT BEGAN AT--- Canal ---MEASUREMENT ENDED

AT---VELOCITY. Mean in Mean in vertical. . section. Area.

9/ lo

Mean

depth. Width. Discharge.

1-1 w

@

H4.. 3.14q .tf7V. q

Dev

(r, Lt. tJ

11

~.9

(30)

GAGING 0 F -.---~~·-·-:_---~---DATE,---, 19____ METER NO. _____ : _______________ _

Dist. from Depth of Depth of Time in initial point. water. observation. seconds.

.... ~ ~ VELOCITY. ~~ ~~----~:;::1 ~ ~ At. point. F=r=~-F~F===~~==~~~~

'I

l

1 Computed by Checked by Condition of channel, Method of gaging, Remarks: AT---: GAGE HEIGHT

{I.

I.---MEASUREMENT BEGAN AT--- Canal

---R M GAGE HEIGHT

{I.

I.---MEASU E ENT ENDED AT --- Canal ---VELOCITY.

Mean iD. Mean in

vertical. section.

(31)

L-e. c::. I..::. on Jol<t ; .. :r,

;c.,

r1

cr.,

r

~~ 2 1 c

F.o

yt-1

lv/

1

j

()1

if.~

?. -

I""

(

tO

j -

·::z4 '

0

3C(,

(32)

Largo Parshall Flume. Dear Ralph;

Difference in denaity of water in your two wells might have caused the seeming paradox of higher Hb gage tl~n Ha gage BUT IT DID NOT. All you had was almost complete sub mergence under a dynamic condition so that your recove~ of velocity head put the second gage higher than the first one.

(33)

lfNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

BUREAU OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

DIVISION OF IRRIGATION 222 PosT OFFICE BUILDINQ

BERKEI..EY, CALIF.

MAIL ADDRESS; P. 0. Bo~ 180 August 3, 1932

Mr. R. L. Parshall

olorado Agricultur 1 Exper~ent Station Fort Collins, Colorado.

VIA AIR

.AIL

D ar Mr. P rshall.

During the pest e k we have been giving considerabl study to the Parshall measuring flume and especially to the Bijou and Holbrook flumes.

1~. Scob y bas ade a good many analyses of the flo under different set-ups and has apparently hit on a solution of your troubles with th Bijou flume. There is ncloaed a memorandum covering his analyses.

In this connection it occurs.to me that if, at the close of the season, the ater could be run in the Holbrook flume and some temporary obstruction put in the canal belo the flumet

. which would tend to cut off the flow and bring th ater level above and belo th flume to the same elevation, you ould then hav a condition such as you no have in the Bijou flume. If thi

is not possible, I suggest you set up a model and try it out, that we may demonstrat Mr. Scobey's theory.

It may be that ith a model e could duplicate the mos

condition by artificial reeans rather than to use an obstruction

in the channel.

Very truly yours,

Division of Enc.

(34)

100 per cent submergence,head and tail waters is no flow,hence we must deduct from FREEFLOW Q

to he deducted from Freeflow

~lume the ratio of freeflow

100

(35)

f) rt3'~!:~.~..~T:D ..,'40~; D.t' 1·~, ; )- oot

- -

---~-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ':est 'a A~ ~0 _" fl"'i ·h

s

.

, ·0 )., ~ .te '· Diff. Dell' • ;

..

·eet fee \.,; l..;(~C ... per ::~ee .. - S0t.,

-

l".li. _ce_1t ~ • _ __._...,.w-_.,..._ ... ...--.. -... ...,.~-.-... ... ...._ ... _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . r • .l t • 1 7/12 ll.50 A l._P(7 1 •. )79 lr.a. ~ 1

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(36)

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

DIVISION OF IRRIGATION !222 POST OFFICE BUILDINQ

BERKEL.EY, CALIF.

MAIL ADDRESS: P. 0. BOX 180

Augu t 3, 1932

Memorandum for Mr. McLaughlin:

Re Bijou Canal Parshall Flume.

Referring to Mr. Parshall's lett rs of July 26-30, 1932,

I believe the difficulty lies in the curves for deductions for various degrees of submergence. As I understand it, th y were developed empirically and perhaps wer not carried out to a submergence quit close to 100 perc nt.

Ther may be two conditions of flo through a Parshall flume under heavy submergence, one approaching a static condition and the other dynamdc.

1. Static:- Obviously, when tail ater is raised enough,

due to fouling of canal or closing of a check gate, th n urface will flatt n out, and flo would c ase at 100 per cent submergence, i.e. head and tail water would be qual in elevation and still- ater lie in the flume. Of cours 100 per cent submergence ould be the limit.

2. Dynamic:- Under some other condition of flo the gage readings Ha and Hb may be quit closely alike, even

xactly alike, but flow exist becaus th are at Hb is gr ater and the velocity 1 sa than at H

8• partial recovery of velocity head might make the t o gag~ height alike but there would still be a fall in th energy

gradient and a flo through the structure. It is conceiv-able that the Hb stage might b slightly higher than th Ha

tag ; in other words ther might be a submergence of mor than 100 per cent.

Approaching the tatic Condition.

h n ubmergence is 100 per cent then head water and tail water are equ 1 and there is NO FLOW through the throat. It the

eems to me that the deduction for 100 per cent subm rgenc should agre ex ctly ith the free flo for th same H reading. For any deduction les than this there must be some8flo and heno some drop between ~ and

Hb

points. Hence the submergence is not

(37)

cL.

-2-On this basis I drew the 100 per cent deduction line on· th accompanying logo diagram. I understand that empirical points

were deter.mined for the 90 per cent line so I took it directly from the bulletin on large flumeso Note that the two lines thus developed are not parallel. I have then interpolated the various per cent lines bet een 90 and 100.

When e take the deductions from this diagram (for a lOwft. flume) and use the multiplier 1.93 to 1.94 for the ratio of freeflo in 20 ft. flume to that in 10-ft. flume as per tables of freeflow then our results agree as closely as may be with the current meter measurements for the Bijou flumeo These figures are added in the carbon copy of table ·sent with Parshall's letter of July 26.

In the dynamic

zone.-However when this criterion is applied to the heavy-submergence

poirits in the table for Holbrook canal, as gi en in the bulletin, they do not fit results at all I ould suggest that the Holbrook

flume was flowing in the pure dynamic zone for all the observations listed and the corrections as taken from the diagram in the bulletin applyo This is indicated by the close agreement between the computed

and meter pointso

But it looks as though the Bijou flume during the summer of 1932 has left the pure dynamic zone and is approaching the dead ater of the static conditiono If this is true then the diagram as

given in the bulletin would not applyo Let us look at this diagram: Correction diagram.- The diagram on page 45 of the bulletin shows deductions for a 10-ft. flume up to 99 per cent submergence

UNDER THE DY1~A11IC CO~IDITION. It cannot be correct as we approach the static condition because for 100 per cent submergence there would be NO FLOW and the deduction would be just equal to the quantity, Q r~r free flow for a given H reading. _. _a

I have penciled this 100 per cent line on the diagram. ~ote

that it is not parallel to the other lines for the dynamic-condition deductions. Also note that it is materially different in locationo It the diagram as printed applied to the static zone near 100 per cent submergence then the following paradox would hold:

If we add a line for 100 per cent to those already Shown on page 45 of the bulletin, then for a reading of the Ha gage of 1.6 the

indicated deduction ould be about 30 sec. fto but for the static condition obviously the deduction must be equal to the free-flo Q

(38)

.w

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-3-SUMMARY:

My suggestion is that the corrections no b ing applied to

Bijou flume ould be correct if it were flowing on the usual

"dynamic" condition but it is approachi.ng the deep, slow movement

of the static condition and the corrections from the diagram no

longer applyo new diagram is necessury with the 100 per cent

line determined by the fre -flo Q. An interpolation bet een this

100 per cent line and the 90 per cent line shown in bulletin, appears to give gpod results.

Very truly yours,

Fred

c.

Scobey

(39)

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Figure 22.- Diagram for determining the correction in second-feet per 10 feet of crest for submerged-flow discharge. (This diagram, enlarged to a scale of 10.5 by 17.5 inche~. printed-on heavy stock, is available at 25 cents per copy upprinted-on applicatiprinted-on to the Colorade

Agricul-tural Experiment Station. -"<

(40)

46 COLORADO EXPERIMENT STATION Bulletin 386

distance between the lines 94 and 95. Vertically below this point,

a correction of 56 second-feet is indicated. From Table V, the free-flow discharge thru a 20-foot flume with an upper head, H1A,

of 3.25 feet is found to be approximately 503 second-feet. The submerged flow, then, is 503- 2 X 56, or 391 second-feet. The correction is determined in the same manner for submerged flow thru other sizes of flumes. For a 10-foot flume, the correction is as shown by the diagram; for the 12-foot flume the correction as

indicated by the diagram is to be multiplied by 1.2 before sub-tracting from the free-flow rate of discharge.

LOSS OF HEAD THRU FLUME

In the design and setting of the large flumes, it is frequently

necessary to know, within reasonable limits, the total loss of head thru the structure. It not infrequently happens that it is

quite important to predetermine the high-water line in the chan-nel upstream from the flume before installation. The diagram shown in Figure 23 will be found useful in making the final

selec-/ I I I v iL (.(.~ v v v v .~o"'Q~ v iL .,~Y ?' ,eoo v v v 0~~~~ /

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v v ,-v v v v v v _,_o ~0 / v v v v v v v vv v v v v / v v v v ~o· v v v v vv v v 1/ v v v vv '/..0 v vv v _,., v v 1/ vv f-'" v v / v \ V /IV v II / / /1/ v vv 1/ 95 90 65 80 .06 fJ7 .D609QI .IS 20 .25 .30 .35 ~0 .so .so Jo .ao .90 w 12 lA 1.8 1.8 P<"RC[NTAGE Of SUBMERGENCE LOSS Of HEAD IN fEET

Figure 28. -Diagram for determining the total loss of head thru large Parshall Measuring

(41)

UNITED ·STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

DIVISION OF IRRIGATION

222 POST OFFICE BUILOINQ

BERKELEY, CALIF.

MAIL ADDRESS: p, 0. BoX 180

August 9, 1932

Mr. Ro Lo Parshall,

Colo. Agr'l Exp. Station, Fort Collins, Colorado

Dear Mr. Pars hall:

Replying to your letter regarding the Fort Lyon

Canal, which was received this morning. I believe you will find the answer to your problem in the material sent you

with a memorandum by Mr. Scobey on August 3rdo In other words, the recovery of head with a large degree of submergence may be greater than the head registered by the upper stilling wello As we approach complete submergence the energy or velocity of the water becomes more nearly zero, and when this velocity is zero then the two wells would register identically t:te same.

However, the recovery of head in the lower section, which is the larger section, and with less velocity, may

represent an apparent piling up of the water. As we approach the condition for hich your table is prepared, this could not be. For the further condition as described by Mr. Scobey, it would and undoubtedly does prevail, and the apparent greater reading in the lower ell is in harmony with hydraulic principles, if our analysis of the problam is correct.

Very truly yours,

Divis ion of Irriga ti on,

(42)

Dear Ralph; _Aug.l2,1932.Berkeley

Mac showed me your last letter about the Flumes; I note you found more than 100 per cent submergence just as I had suggested possible in my last memo to Mac. Am surprised you had not run into it before. Your

area is materially larger at the Hb point than at the H

8 point for certain

depths of flow and hence there is a great difference in velocities and so a real difference in velocity-heads. A good recovery of velocity head would often throw the Hb gage above the Ha gage for the d~namic condition but it would alwys be just level with the H gage for a static condition and hence

a

(43)

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