• No results found

A Structured Approach for Evaluating Risk Impacts in IT Projects

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Share "A Structured Approach for Evaluating Risk Impacts in IT Projects"

Copied!
48
0
0

Loading.... (view fulltext now)

Full text

(1)

(2)

ii

Acknowledgments

I would like to express my gratitude to all who have contributed in this work in various ways, especially to my supervisor, Ole Liljefors, for giving us continuous guidance, directions and encouragement. I'm eternally grateful to my teachers for providing me a sound knowledge base. A sincere thanks to Mehmood for his cooperation, support and for having trust in my views. Very special thanks to my classmates for their constructive criticism and valuable comments.

As this effort has been both interesting and hectic at the same time, I owe my deep and loving thanks to my family for their support, motivation and for keeping my spirit high while working until late night.

I cannot finish without saying that never enough thanks to those who had or have soft corner for me in their hearts. I dedicate this effort to all of you.

Muhammad Saeed – 12th June 2008 em.saeed@hotmail.com

(3)

iii

Acknowledgments

First and foremost, I would like to thank Allah (SWT) for His help and granting me the ability to undertake this dissertation. It is by His will that I have been able to complete my dissertation, and Masters.

A special gratitude towards my thesis supervisor, Dr. Ole Liljefors, for his help and guidance. This thesis wouldn’t be completed without the sincere efforts put in by M. Saeed, my thesis partner, who bear me and my ideas during the development of this thesis. I also acknowledge all my teachers, whose efforts throughout IT Management studies guided me, and helped me achieve success. I would like to thank Mälardalen University for providing me with every possible help and facility they could along with a competitive and advanced learning environment.

I would also like to thank all those wonderful people I met in Sweden, my friends, classmates who have contributed in my learning in many ways and making my visit to Sweden an experience of a lifetime.

Finally, my praise to my parents, who encouraged and supported me and without their prayers I couldn’t have reached this stage. I am indebted to my family and friends for their continuous support and encouragement throughout my studies.

Mehmood Ziauddin – 12th June 2008 mehmood_zia@hotmail.com

(4)

iv #$%& %$''( ) *+'*$# ,- . ) / ) (0'*0' ,- . ) / " 1 " / " 2 ! " 3 / 2 4 / 3 2 ! 2 2 5 " 3 1 " 2 2 6 / / 7 8 "7 / / 7 " 9 7 2 : " " 2 5 4 2 ; / " 4 2 < : " 3 / " " / / 3 2 " / - = " > "1 3 ? - 3 @ :3 "2 A / / " % " - = "2 ! A " 1 7 1 3 /

(5)

v 7 " 7 / " 2 " / " 3 3 9 2 4 / 7 % / 2 " 3 @ 3 3 " 3 3 3 2

(6)

vi

@

#$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ # #2# < ... 1 #2$ ... 2 #20 ... 2 %$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ & $2# @ ... 3 $2$2 "... 3 $202 @ ... 4 $202#2 7 ... 4 $202#2 / @ 7 ... 5 $2B2 6 / "7 2 ... 5 $2B2#2 " 1 ... 5 $2B2$2 C ... 6 &$ ' ( $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ) 02#2 A 8 ... 7 02$2 5 / ... 7 0202 = ... 8 02B2 ... 8 02D2 ... 9 02D2#2 2 E$''*F ... 9 02D2$2 A 3 #GGG ... 10 02D202 5 ... 11 02+2 % ... 11 02*2 ... 12 02(2 ... 13 02G2 ... 14 02G2#2 ... 14 02G2$2 ... 15 *$ ! + ,$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ #- B2#2 @ 7 ... 16 B2$2 C 1 ... 18 B202 ... 19 .$ + $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ %# -$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ %* +2#2 @ ! ... 24 +2$2 " ... 25 )$ ! $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ %/ /$ ( + ( $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ &0 1$ ( 2 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ &% 3 # $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ &.

(7)

vii ! "

# $

(8)

)+,-1

#2

. / 0 0 1

#2# <

/ " 3 3 7 : " " / 2 " 3 / 2 / " 4 " 2 H / 3 I 3 3 / " 2J "1 7 2 " / / " 2 E6 9 < 3 $''DF2 " 1 " / " 2! " 3 / 2 K E$''#F3 " $0L / BGL / " 2 E / 3 $''+F2 =2 M$*D / " " *' L 1 / "2 EA 9 3 $''BF2 C E$''0F #GG* $''#3 M$2D M# / : " 2 EN 9 / 3 $''BF2 $''B =N 5 "7 $D' / " 2 6 / 4 / 2 E6 9 < 3 $''DF2 C 3 #GG* N K " +'L : / " 2 EA 3 #GGGF2 C = ('L / 1 " E C 9 < 3 $''03 2$F 4 / 3 2 5

(9)

2 K E#GG$F 7 " 0' / 2 E< 3 $''BF2 / / 2 / / / / / 2 ! 2 2 5 " 3 1 " 2 2

#2$

" " 2 " " 3 3 2 " 2 2 3 " 2 / / " % / E 9 3 $''$F2 5 4 6 / / 7 8

#20

" 2 " / / " 2 / / / " 2 4 "7 / / 7 " 9 7 2

(10)

3

$2

"

. / 2

$2# @

C 2 E$''*3 20BF / 4 E F 4 E F2 4 / 7 2 2 2 8 C 3 / 4 " 2 A 3 4 " " 2 2 ! 1 2 C 2 E$''*3 20#F / /2 A / 2

$2$2

"

C 2 E$''*3 #D0%#D+F : / / 2 2 : " "2 : / / / / " 2 1 / 3 / 3 " : " / " " 7 / 2K : / " / / : 2 : " " " / 2 ; 3 % 4 / 2 A / : " " 2 5 4 2 ; / " 4 2

(11)

4 : / " 2 A / 2 < : " 3 / " " / / 3 2 " / - = " > "1 3 ? - 3 @ : 2 A / / " % " - = "2 " / 3 3 3 2

$202 @

C E$''*3 2#$+F / 3 : 3 " 2 A 1 " : / " / 2

%$&$#$ ( ,

4

" E#GGG3 2BG%D*F % 7 2 5 ( , #2 = $2 < "% O @ 02 @ ( , #2 $2 02 ! ( , #2 @ $2 " 02 " > @"

(12)

5

%$&$#$

2 ( ,

( , !

4

" 3 3 3 / / " " 1 E#GGG3 2BG%D*F2 " 1 " A K E#GGBF2 • 5 ( , • ( , • ( , " 1 E#GGG3 2BG%D*F 7 P " 7 " 7 2 3 / 7 < " ! 2 ! 2 "3 2

$2B2 6 /

"7

2

%$*$#$ (

2

(

6

5 " 1 7 " / 7 3 "2 " : 3 7 / 2 3 " " 2 "3 / 3 / " " 2 C : 3 / "3 " " @ 9 E#GGGF3 A E#GGGF3 9 E$'''F3 E$''$F2 " " 1 3 : 3 3 3 " 3 / "3 2 2 : / " " E$''*F3 " 9 E#GGGF3 " 9 E$'''F3 : / " " < / E$''DF 2 C 3 " / " 2 C

(13)

6 : " E#GGGF ! 3 7 3 / 3 E$''*F 7 4 3 / 7 / 3 / 2 A : " " 7 2 A / " / "3 8 2 A " / " 2 / / 2

%$*$%$

922

2 ( , +

7

( ,

" / 1 2 / 2 3 2

(14)

7

02 >

/

. . .

02#2 A

8

/ "2 / 2 I " " 2 ' / 4 2J EH 9 > "3 $''#F " " E#GG0F @ E#G(GF I. J / / 2E " 3 #GGGF2 A E#GG(F " / " I $ J E 3 $'''F2 / " / " : 2 ! 2 , " E$''BF 2 #% . E 2 2 " F $% . E 2 2 / " F 3 . E/ / / 4 3 F

02$2 5

/

(15)

8 " 3 2 / O 2

0202

=

1 "2 " " / 2 " E$''BF / " #2 < $2 < 3 / " 2 C : 7 4 3 4 4 " 2 5 3 2 2 : " 2 E " 3 $''B3 2#D0F2

02B2

! " 2 2 C " 2 " > E$''0F 2 N E#GGBF N E#GGDF " 2 / 3 / / " 2 / " / 7 2 E@ 9 ! 3 $''DF2 #GG* N K C 3 / 3 / 3 2 EA 3 #GGGF2 E$''*3 2BD0F3 " / 2

(16)

9 • " " 4 • " " 2 • " / 2 / " E$''02 2D('F / " 4 2 2 / 2 3 " " 2 2 3 3 : / / 3 3 " 2

02D2

" / " 7 2 " 1 2 " : " " 2 A " " 3 / 4 "2 " 2 < 4 / 2 / / 3 % % 3 2 / 2 4 4 " " / 2 / 4 2 4 2 : / 2 1 3 " "7 / 2 E " 3 $''B3 2#+#%#+0F

&$.$#$

$ :%00);

2 E$''*3 2BDBF3 " 2 3

(17)

10 / 2 " : " 2 < 7 4 7 2 A 7 / 3 / 2 < 93 = 7 / 2 : / < ( = > " " 2 3 " 4 2 , " 4 2 / 7 3 3 4 " 2 / / / " 2

&$.$%$ ?

,

@ #111

7 / 2 1 7 / / / "2 1 / " / 7 2 , 5 ! " 4 2 / " 2 ' , 2 > 2 3 " 2

(18)

11 " / 3 4 : 3 / "3 / " 1 " 2 EA 3 #GGGF2

&$.$&$ 8

(

3 / " 2 " / / " : 7 2 A 9 E$''BF3 3 9 4 3 : 3 2 @ 9 E#GGGF < 3 @ 3 3 2 A 3 9 E$'''F3 < 3 2 9 > 1 E$''#F 3 % 3 2 < 9 E$''0F 3 % 2 "3 6 E$''0F3 E$''$F3 < E$''*F3 < % / E$''DF

02+2

%

/ 2 E$''+F 2 C 3 " 2 " 2 4 5 " : / 5 2 " I : J2 I @ J2 " / 2 " " " 2 " I % J2 / " " 2 ! 2 " " " 2 < E$''*F " / " / 2 C : " 3 3 2 1 / " 2 " " " / " 2 " " /

(19)

12 2 I " / J / "P "3 4 " / 2 E$''$F / 7 " 7 2 2 ! 3 : 2 2 3 " 4 2 / E$''*F / 1 " / 2 3 7 2 " % : 2 < % / E$''DF 3 3 2 C : 3 " 1 3 " "3 / / 2

02*2

/ " 2 / 2 , A B :%00%; 4 / / • A / 2 C / " 2 • A 3 3 8 / / 2 7 / 2 • A 8 " 7 " / 7 2 " % 2 E 9 6 3 $''$F A 3 A , :%00-; I / / 3 3

(20)

13 2J " / 2 • E F2 • 7 " 4 2 • " 4 / 2 • 3 / / " / " 2 E 9 3 $''+F2 C 3 9 E$''+F " < E#GG#F3 " : 3 5 :#11#; / / : 2 6 " / " I J / " " / 2 6 / 2 #$ ( , %$ ( , ! 6 / 3 2 3 " 7 2 3 2 " 3 / / 2 C 3 7 3 2 > 3 3 / 2 E 9 3 $''+ P / 3 $''+F2 3 I @ J 3 E 9 3 $''+F2

02(2

1 " E " 3 $''0F2 5 3 4 E! 3 #GG*F

(21)

14 #2 ( , / " " P " " / " 2 " 1 / / 2 / 3 / " / 2 @ / " / 2 / " 3 3 " 2 $2 ( , / : / / 7 " 2 / % 3 7 2 7 / / " " / / 2 02 ( , 2 " " 2 6 3 " / 4 : / " 1 2 " / 2 @ 4 "2 B2 ( , " 3 2 3 : 3 : 2 3 : 2

02G2

&$1$#$

2

2

,

2 / < 2 /

(22)

15 / " " " 2 / " 2 Q 1 / 2 E$'''F3 / 2 3 " / 3 2 / " / 3 7 2 " 4 2 2 2 / 3 / 4 3 / 8 E& 9 3 $''D3 2BD%B(F2

&$1$%$

7

2

/ " 2 / " " 2 / 3 3 2 : / 2 C 3 " 2 E C 9 < 3 $''03 2#$DF 6 " / 7 #GD'1 / / / "2 6 0 . %60.-5 5 6 0 . 5 2J E C 9 < 3 $''03 2(*F

(23)

16

B2 @

C

/

. 2 /

B2#2

@

7

" 2 / " / 7 / 2 C / 1 " 1 E#GGGF 7 2 / : 4 4 2 C / " " : #2 C / 7 " E#GGG3 2D'F #$ 5 ( , 3 / " " 3 / 4 7 " / 3 2 < 4 2 #2 = % " 4 2 3 / 2 2 $2 < "% O@ " " 7 " " 2 @ " 4 3 3 / / 2 = 7 3 " / "

(24)

17 3 % 2 3 / / 2 @ 1 "% 3 2 02 @ / 3 " / 3 / 2 / " " / 4 7 2 > 7 3 / 2 %$ ( , 2 / / "3 / 2 ! " 2 C / 2 #2 " 3 " / 4 2 5 / 4 2 $2 / " "2 1 2 5 " 1 " 2 1 3 / " " "2 " 4 / 3 3 " / 4 / " 2 02 ! / " 2 : % " /

(25)

18 : 2 " "3 : " 2 &$ ( , < ! 2 " " " / " 2 " 2 C / 2 #2 @ " / 4 " 2 5 7 " / " 1 : 2 " " 2 " / / / / / " 2 $2 " " 4 3 / 7 / / " 2 " 3 2 5 7 / / / "2 5 3 " / " "1 "2 5 " 7 / / 2 02 " > @" 5 7 " " / "2 / " 3 / 2 1 / " / " 2 1 / " / / "3 2

B2$2

C

1

E$''*3 2BDBF 7 / : 3 7 3 : / " 4 "2 A / @ " /

(26)

19 2 A / / / 6 2 "3 / / , " 6 2 " 8 2 / / "2 + # C E> 7 3 6 "3 6 4 , "F E$''*2 2BDDF / 7 / 2 / 1 " 2 : # C 3 $ C : 0 C : " 2 E $''*3 2BD+F : / 2 < " / " / 2 / 2 / / 7 / 2

B202

/ / 2 2 2 3 2 1 P r o j e c t R i s k Very High Risk High Risk Moderate Risk

(27)

20 3 3 2 < " " : 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 / " " 2 "3 " 1 3 " "3 3 4 2 7 " / / / 2 2 < / / 3 2 + % @ A 2 , " / " ( , + 1 / 7 2 ,

(28)

21

D2 C

. < 7 " 3 / " " 2 C / 7 " 1 7 2 " 3 / " " " 2 ( , ! 5 ( , ( , ( , 8 ( :#111; = < "% O @ @ 9 ! " " " $ :%00); 7 4 , " : / " :%00&@ #111; 7 : / " ? A " :%00*; @ 9 4 : ! 7 A ( :#111; < @ ? :#111; / > 9 / H / 9 " , " B :%00&; %

(29)

22 9 , A :%000; < A ' :%00#; % 5 A :%00&; % % :%00%; < 4 ! " ! " 9 9 5 :%00); H : 5 7 O / O @ 7 O : H " H /O "3 9 4 : O > % 5 :%00.; : 9 @ 7 = H = > @ 9 @ H 9 4 " @ 9 H 9 = : " C : " H / " 1 : @ 9 7 9 " H 9 C A , :%00.; 7 @ : " 5 7

(30)

23 " " # @ 7 " 2 ! : #3 / / " "2

(31)

24

+2

"

. . .

+2#2

@

!

"3 2 2 < 3 ! " 2 7 $ A "7 1 E/ " " 1 E#GGGFF 2E$''*F / / / " 2 2 < 3 3 2 / / / " / 2 2 < ! 3 < 3 ! 2 " / " / / 2 2 < 3 3 2 "1 3 / " 8 2 " / 3 " 2 1 : " / "2 " % 2 A / : / 2 E$''*F / " 1 3 " " 8 " : " / / 3 " 2 A " / 1 / 2 C " 3 / / $2

(32)

25 %

+2$2

"

C 3 / "7 1 / 1 2 A 2 2 1 3 % @ 3 ! 3 " 7 " / "2 / "3 % " 3 / " / / / 2 " / 2 / " 2 " 2 2 : 3 3 3 " "3 4 2 ( , ( , + D! ( , B ( , > B ( , 5 ( , R % % ( , R % % ( , R % % 5 A ( , % R % 5 A ( , % R % A ( , % R % 5 @ A ( , % % R 8 E$''*3 2BD+F 3 "3 " : " / / 2 A " Q5 1 : " / / .

(33)

26 E 3 F : E 3 4 F 2 3 / 2 / / / 1 3 2 / " 7 2 C 3 / 7 " 1 E#GGGF 3 "7 / 2 5 / " / " / : 2 3 / / / E 2 2 1 3 % F : Q 13 3 / 2 = "3 7 3 2 <" 3 " / " 2 3 P " " " / 2 = 1 3 / 7 / / 02 ! 8 1 : 3 3 3 2 % " / "

(34)

27 ! " " / 7 / 7 C 7 &

(35)

28

*2 @

. F " " E#GGGF3 / 1 " " 3 1 E$''*F 2 A " I8 J2 / " " 1 8 : " / / 1 1 2 F " 7 3 / " 1 7 3 " 7 " 4 2 " / " 2 , 2 3 / / E 2 7 2 / " : / 3 / " " 3 2 C 3 " 2 F < " 3 " 2 / " " 7 3 3 " 2 3 / / 3 / " / / 2 A 3 / / / 2 F = " " 1 3 / 2 < " / " 7 / 2 " " / /2 • A 2

(36)

29 • K 3 3 : 2 / 2 • % / 2 • 6 7 7 " 2 • ! " " / 2 • 2 2 3 2 • " " 3 " / 2 @ / / 2 • / 2 A " / " " 7 2 7 3 / % / " 2

(37)

30

(2

C

. 5 . 2 5 " 3 / 1 / 2 A " 1 @ 7 3 1 / 2 3 / / 1 / " 1 2 5 7 " " E F 2 B ( , ' ( , ' ( , B ( , 6 < > / < 6 < > / < 6 > / 6 , " 6 6

(38)

31 4 , "3 : / "3 7 " 2 E$''03 2D($F / " " 2 * 3 $''*2 / 2 A " 1 2 2 6 / / / " / 7 , " " 7 / 2

(39)

32

G2

>23 23 9 C C2 E$''*3$''03 #GGGF2 Q@ " 2 * 3 + 3 D 12 6 ! " 9 / <H '%'*%##$$G$%0 3 >2 23 3 2 !23 9 C 3 C2 A2 E$''$F2 Q@ < 12 . 6 ! " / 9 / <H '%'*%$D$0+*%' < 3 !23 3 K 23 9 > 3 2 E$''BF2 Q " 12 7 ! 0 : /114 '$0+0%DD**2 !5 #'2##'(O'$+0DD*'B#'D0'*'$ < 3 2>2 E$''*F2 Q / 12 /777 9 1 '%*+GD%$**(%*O'* S $''* < 3 <2 9 3 2 E$''0F2 Q= < %! 12 /777 9 1 ''#(%G#+$O'0 S $''0 < % / 3 2 E$''DF2 Q! 12 1 ; 0 0 < )&7 9 3 ,G3 03 2(%0# @ 3 !23 9 3 ,@2 E#GGGF2 Q 5 " 12 0 3) " / 9 1 1 * =,+> ***< 3?++ @ /777 @ 3 !23 9 ! 3 2 E$''DF2 Q " 12 / 6 A 9 1 <3> <B3 @ 7 ! 0 : 'G+(%D$$* !5 #'2##'(O'G+(D $$'D#'D(G0#+ ! 3 2 E#GG*F2 Q E+ 2F12 0 " <H '%#0%*D$#'+%D2 ! 3 23 N 3 23 3 >23 3 T23 9 / 3 2 E$''+F2 Q 5 @ 3 % : 12 * =,+> )>*= >?*, @)**, /777 3 23 9 3 @2 E$'''F2 Q " 12 / ' 6 )*%)**)- B+ >= @)**< 7 1 : /06 '$+0%*(+0 E''F'''0B%U

(40)

33 C 3 @23 E$''*F2 Q A ! 3 12 @ 0 7 : )**=2 <H G*(%'%$*0%*#''*%0 6 3 2 E$''0F2 QN 12 9 /. ' ' / . 6 @)**3 9 / ::9 , 2 #+3 H 2 #$ 6 3 &23 9 < 2 E$''DF2 QA " " 812 9 8 A 1 & 3 23 9 3 >2 E$''DF2 Q< 12 ' C A 1 : <H '%B*'%'$#G'%U N 3 >2 E$''#F2 Q 12 @ )**) 7 1 & D 3 A23 9 N /3 A2 E$''BF2 Q 6 C 1 97 / . E)**BE &/?/48F 6 ! /)< C 3 C2A23 9 < 3 @2 E$''0F2 1@ ! / 12 " & 1 0 & 6 <H #%D*(D#%(**%+ 3 23 9 > 3 !2 E$''#F2 Q= 12 / ' 6 <+%)**<-B3= BB3 @)**< 7 1 : /06 '$+0%*(+0E'#F'''BD%U 3 2 E$''$F2 Q / 12 @ )**) /777 2 #D$'%G$'$O'$ H 3 23 9 > "3 &2 E$''#F2 Q 5 @< 12 @ )**< /7773 '%*+GD%#'(+%(O'# 3 &2 23 9 6 3 T2 T2 E$''$F2 Q K 12 C 0 / 1 7 , 2 D3 H 2 $ " 3 !2 E#GGGF2 Q 12 F5 G & " <H '%*D'+%BD'0%$ 3 &23 9 3 H2 E$''+F2 Q 12 @)**, /777 #%B$BB%'*GB%UO'+ 3 > / E$''0F2 Q < E0 F13 7 5G 0 7 : 9 K2 E$''$F2 Q 12 0

(41)

34 3 2 E$'''F2 Q C A " 12 1/!90 )*** 7 / ;1 96 $''' #%D(##0%$#$ / 3 2 2 E$''*F2 Q / " " 12 @)**= 7 : /06 " 3 &2 E$''BF2 Q " " / 3 6 / 3 12 6 9F6 6 <H '%(#BB%'(##%* / 3 23 3 T23 3 >23 N 3 23 9 ! 3 2 E$''+F2 Q % 3 : 12 1 H 7 & D G #'2#'#+O 2 2$''+2 #'2''$ / 3 23 9 N 3 2 E$''BF2 Q 5 % 12 9 96 , 2 B*2 H 2 ## A 3 >23 9 N 3 2 E$''BF2 Q / 5 5 12 9 96 , 2 B*2 H 2 B A 3 <2 E#GGGF2 QA / / 8 = " 12 / 6 A 9 1 69& ; 0 V H 'G+(%D$$*W OO///2 B 2 O % 2 E$''(F % G *3 6

(42)

)**I-35

: #

( , ! 5 ( , ( , ( , 8 ( :#111; %> 9 " O 9 " % / " 5 D ! % " " 2 2 : 9 " 2 = " % " %/ 9 ! O / / % 7 % / / " 9 A 4 O/ / % " " " % " " 22 N " 2 2 O / " %/ " " % 9 "O / 1 / 3 % " : 2 = / / / % O/ / " % 9 " / %

(43)

36 % / " 6 / 9 / E@ 9 5 % 2F 2 " : 3 O / " " " 4 % / 9 / 1 "O $ :%00); 7 4 3 9 3 / ( = > , " 4 3 " 4 9 93 = 9 7 O : / :%00&@ #111; 7 4 7 93 ? A " :%00*; ! > 9 A = " 4 9 " 93 O % " 9

(44)

37 9 @ 9 : O % ! 7 A ( :#111; 5 , 5 7 1 9 ! , 9 ( , = 9 2 / 3 = / 9 O / , 9 4 O / / 3 2 ? :#111; , / 7 1 4 9 " ' , 2 < "% / 7 9 " / / A , 2 4 9 / F A = " > A 4

(45)

38 B :%00&; 7 , % " % / 2 2 3 % " " 3 / " " 9 , A :%000; 5 , / " / O 9 , / : 9 O , H / , : / "% / " / A ' :%00#; , , C 4 O " 9 9 2 , = / 9 : , 9 " 5 A :%00&; 9 ( , , I D'% 1

(46)

39 3 / , ! " 4 " 3 9 7 O / " " O@ 4 / " " ) " 2 / I" J ET F / / / / " / 2 " 2 1 " / " " " / 1 / :%00%; 5 / 3 9 / 9 ! 9 3 / 3 9 ( = C " 9 4 ( 2 3 9 2 H / / " 3 " = " , = 9 / A 4 / 3 < / 2 3 2

(47)

40 / / / A > 9 " 5 :%00); F 3 8 4 D 7 2 , 22 7 D ! 4 D 3 F 2 7 ( F D 2 @ A = 3 , 2 , 7 D 2 ' , 5 :%00.; 93 A @ 9 " ! 7 7 " 9 7 4 / / 7 7 2 A @ 9 ! 2 : F A = 2 ! 7 6 3 2 / + 3 @ : " 9 " F 2 / ! A 4 K " 9 7 ( A 2 / 9 F 2 / / /

(48)

41 = " 9 4 / F 2 9 : ' ! 9 7 A 9 F 2 A 9 3 9 " 2 7 6 3 2 7 A 2 A 9 / 3 / / 9 C A , :%00.; 7 4 4 7 ! 3 3 : "3 " , = : 2 = / 9 8 4 / 7 1 "

References

Related documents

Another test was performed in SRS where the thought robot cell was simulated in order to determine an approximate cycle time and to generate the basics of the robot program....

The former subordinated subsidiaries no longer need accountants and HR personnel since their work duties are done from the dominant legal entity, Subsidiary

- Papers V to VIII are papers using the model developed in this thesis to design H-rotor type turbines and to analyze data produced from the turbines in both wind and

In cells containing both the plasmid and the small antisense RNA (Fig. 8 middle and bottom), the results revealed a significant decrease in the fused lacZ- P450 expression in

Migrationsverket behöver ändå kunna erbjuda samhällsintroduktionen för de som har flyttat ut från ankomstboendet eller som har bosatt sig i eget boende och som av olika

Key words: Project management, action-based perspective, project group perspective, characteristics typical for projects, ongoing process, project challenges, shared project

To the laboratory staff: Tomas, Kristina, Marlén, Haike, Faranak, and Jonas and to the section staff especially to Peter, Patrick, Päivi, Jorge, Tomas, Solveig,

Key Words: Orchestral Playing, Practice Methods, Orchestra Technique, Technical Exercises, Orchestra Project, Cello Section, Cello, Orchestra, Orchestral Excerpts.. This thesis aims