PRIORITY 1.6.2
Sustainable Surface Transport
CATRIN
Cost Allocation of TRansport INfrastructure cost
D5 – Data availability for research on cost allocation
practices in the new member states
Version 0.2
February 2008
Authors:
Monika Bak, Przemyslaw Borkowski, Barbara Pawlowska, (University of
Gdansk)
Contract no.: 038422
Project Co-ordinator: VTI
Funded by the European Commission
Sixth Framework Programme
CATRIN Partner Organisations
VTI; University of Gdansk, ITS Leeds, DIW, Ecoplan, Manchester Metropolitan University, TUV
Vienna University of Technology, EIT University of Las Palmas; Swedish Maritime Administration,
This document should be referenced as:
Monika Bak, Przemyslaw Borkowski, Barbara Pawlowska, (University of Gdansk), CATRIN
(Cost Allocation of TRansport INfrastructure cost), Deliverable D5, Data availability for
research on cost allocation practices in the new member states. Funded by Sixth Framework
Programme. VTI, Stockholm, February 2008
Date: 11 February 2008
Version No: 1.0
Authors: as
above.
PROJECT INFORMATION
Contract no: FP6 - 038422
Cost Allocation of TRansport INfrastructure cost
Website: www.catrin-eu.org
Commissioned by: Sixth Framework Programme Priority [Sustainable surface transport]
Call identifier: FP6-2005-TREN-4
Lead Partner: Statens Väg- och Transportforskningsinstitut (VTI)
Partners:
VTI; University of Gdansk, ITS Leeds, DIW, Ecoplan, Manchester Metropolitan University,
TUV Vienna University of Technology, EIT University of Las Palmas; Swedish Maritime
Administration, University of Turku/Centre for Maritime Studies
DOCUMENT CONTROL INFORMATION
Status:
Final submitted
Distribution:
European Commission and Consortium Partners
Availability:
Public on acceptance by EC
Filename:
Catrin D5 110208-final.doc
Quality
assurance:
Gunnar
Lindberg
Co-ordinator’s review:
Gunnar Lindberg
List of tables ... 5
Executive Summary ... 7
1. Introduction ... 12
2. Data sources of transport infrastructure data in the EU new member states... 13
2.1
Introductory remarks ... 13
2.2
Sources of transport statistical data for EU new member states – international
institutions ... 14
2.3
Sources of official transport statistics for the EU new member states – national
institutions ... 17
2.4
Transport infrastructure administrations in the EU new member states and other
sources of information on transport infrastructure... 20
3. Review of research projects on transport infrastructure costs and reforming pricing
policy (in relation to NMS) ... 29
3.1
Lists of the projects ... 29
3.2
Transport policy assessments, including specific context of Central and Eastern
European countries... 34
3.3
Trans-European transport network / corridors in NMS ... 34
3.4
Infrastructure costs calculations, congestion and external costs evaluations... 35
3.5
Reforming pricing policy in transport / NMS context ... 35
3.6
Reforming urban pricing ... 35
3.7
Reforming user charges in different modes of transport... 36
4. Data availability for road infrastructure cost calculation ... 36
4.1
Infrastructure data ... 36
4.2
Transport performance and traffic flows... 37
4.3
Stock of vehicles ... 40
4.4
Expenditures and costs ... 41
5. Data availability for rail infrastructure cost calculation... 43
5.1
Infrastructure data ... 43
5.2
Transport performance and traffic flows... 44
5.3
Stock of vehicles ... 46
5.4
Expenditures and costs ... 47
6. Data availability for aviation and infrastructure cost calculation ... 48
6.1
Infrastructure data ... 48
6.2
Transport performance and traffic flows... 49
6.3
Stock of vehicles ... 51
6.4
Expenditures and costs ... 51
7. Data availability for waterborne infrastructure cost calculation ... 53
7.1
Infrastructure data ... 53
7.2
Transport performance and traffic flows... 53
7.3
Stock of vehicles ... 56
7.4
Expenditures and costs ... 57
8. Concluding remarks on data availability in national statistics... 58
9. Overall conclusions ... 59
References ... 61
Reports and statistical publications ... 61
Research or thematic network projects - selection... 61
Hungary... 84
Latvia... 88
Lithuania... 92
Poland... 101
Romania ... 109
Slovakia... 112
Slovenia... 116
Table 1
Sources of transport statistical data for EU new member states – international institutions . 15
Table 2
Sources of official transport statistics for EU new member states – national institutions ... 18
Table 3
Road administrations in the EU new member states and other sources of information on road
management ... 21
Table 4
Railway administrations in the EU new member states and other sources of information on
railway management ... 23
Table 5
Airports administrations in the EU new member states and other sources of information on
airport management ... 24
Table 6
Maritime administrations in the EU new member states and other sources of information on
seaports and maritime administration ... 25
Table 7
Inland waterways and ports administrations in the EU new member states and other sources
of information management... 27
Table 8
Review of international projects relating to infrastructure and infrastructure costs in the EU
new member states... 29
Table 9
Data availability for road infrastructure cost – infrastructure data ... 36
Table 10
Data availability for road infrastructure cost – traffic performance and traffic flows ... 37
Table 11
Data availability for road infrastructure cost – stock of vehicles... 40
Table 12
Data availability for road infrastructure cost – expenditure and costs... 41
Table 13
Data availability for rail infrastructure cost – infrastructure data ... 43
Table 14
Data availability for rail infrastructure cost – traffic performance and traffic flows ... 44
Table 15
Data availability for rail infrastructure cost – stock of vehicles ... 46
Table 16
Data availability for rail infrastructure cost – expenditure and costs... 47
Table 17
Data availability for aviation and infrastructure cost calculation – infrastructure data ... 48
Table 18
Data availability for aviation and infrastructure cost calculation – transport performance and
traffic flows... 49
Table 19
Data availability for aviation and infrastructure cost calculation – stock of vehicles... 51
Table 20
Data availability for aviation and infrastructure cost calculation – expenditures and costs .. 52
Table 21
Data availability for waterborne infrastructure cost calculation – infrastructure data... 53
Table 22
Data availability for waterborne infrastructure cost calculation – transport performance and
traffic flows... 54
Table 23
Data availability for waterborne infrastructure cost calculation – stock of vehicles ... 56
Table 24
Data availability for waterborne infrastructure cost calculation – expenditures and costs.... 57
Table 25
General assessment of data availability for infrastructure cost calculations in national
statistics... 58
E
XECUTIVE
S
UMMARY
CATRIN is a research project to support the European Transport Policy, specifically to assist
in the implementation of transport pricing. CATRIN will increase the probability that new
progressive pricing principles can be implemented which facilitate a move towards
sustainable transport. CATRIN is both intermodal and interdisciplinary, emphasizes the needs
of new member states, understands that different organizational forms require different
recommendations, that recommendations need to be given in the short- and long-term
perspective and that they have to be thoroughly discussed with infrastructure managers.
This deliverable is dedicated to the area of the third work package of CATRIN covering new
member states’ policy and implementation problems as well as data availability. The objective
of this deliverable is to review data sources and information available in new member states
which can be used for cost allocation studies. It concerns both a survey of existing case
studies and results of different research projects as well as review and presentation of data
available in national and international statistical institutions. As a result of this study country
sheets including current datasets have also been attached to this deliverable. Datasets
correspond to the structure of modal chapters.
The structure of the deliverable meets the requirements and corresponds to the description of
the project objectives.
The review of statistics data sources and other information useful for allocation cost studies
proves that, notwithstanding the existence of many institutions whose duty is to collect,
elaborate and deal with this kind of information, the complex picture of infrastructure,
transport performance, vehicle stock and cost data is nevertheless missing. It is not only the
case of the EU new member states but for these countries specific transformation
determinants influenced the structure and changes of statistical system. Data collection
methods and published information had to be changed in a relatively short time. A side effect
of this is that only limited time series are now available to researchers. Moreover since the
transition was in no way easy, despite the efforts made, still national statistical data is still not
fully compatible with EU/Eurostat requirements in all respects. Although official guidelines
present good data availability in most data categories, the specification and level of detail, e.g.
at regional level are not sufficient.
The main findings and conclusions of the task of data collection can be summarised as
follows.
Review of data sources of transport infrastructure data in the EU new member states
Data useful for research on cost allocation practices in NMS can be searched in different
places. In this study international institutions as well as research projects results were
reviewed. In the range of EU statistical data sources (Eurostat, DGTREN) the consistency and
comparability of presented data is a great advantage. However, unfortunately the last
available year is 2004, and very often this is the only data presented (no information for
previous years) for new member states. In the case of basic infrastructure data, pan-European
corridors and transport performance data, good sources of information for NMS are the
Some information, including NMS can be found in international institutions dealing with
specific transport modes (e.g. PIARC and IRF). There are data on infrastructure and vehicles
as well as some taxation and expenditure information. To obtain a better picture of the whole
pricing mechanism it is necessary to additionally review national transport infrastructure
managers and their statistics. In the case of road administrations, the situation differs between
countries. In Bulgaria and Slovakia all information is available only in national languages. In
almost all countries it is not a problem to get detailed road network maps, but traffic data can
only be found in a few countries (The Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Poland, Romania and
Slovenia). In more specific issues often only some countries (notably the Baltic States -
Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania) make more detailed statistics available, e.g. on traffic safety.
Within railway administrations, network statements seem to be the most important source of
information. Those detailed reports describe access conditions, the infrastructure, capacity
allocation and the charging system. On the national level unfortunately airport managers do
not provide statistical data, with the exception of basic traffic data in the Baltic States, Poland
and Romania. Mainly legal documents are available for domestic seaports. Some shipment
data can be found only in Poland or Bulgaria (when searching directly in ports), Latvia and
Slovenia. The accessible information is very limited from domestic inland ports managers.
The language barrier is common in this case since the websites of the institutions are available
only in national languages.
Review of research projects on transport infrastructure costs and reforming pricing policy
(in relation to NMS)
The review of international projects covering general transport policy assessments including
specific contexts of the Central and Eastern European countries proves that at least some
projects have analysed the determinants and barriers in NMS with special attention. Some
recommendations or conclusions within these projects also include the NMS background (e.g.
SCENES including the analysis of drivers of transport demand, SPECTRUM with the report
on transferability of the transport policy instruments to Central and Eastern European
countries, ENTRANCE including monographs for all NMS and ASSESS with the special
report on enlargement and its impact on the EU transport policy realisation). Many
international projects have analysed TEN network development including sections of
corridors in NMS. Investment and expenditure data is crucial in this area. The following
examples may be mentioned: CODE-TEN including strategic assessment for 10 corridors,
TEN-INVEST with the results for specific corridors, TEN-STAC elaborating scenarios also
for corridors in NMS. Considering costs calculations, including external costs of transport, the
only study on the international level fully connected with external costs evaluations in the
CEE countries was OECD/INFRAS/Herry study of 2002. Case studies for two CEE countries
(Estonia and Hungary) were also included within the UNITE project (pilot accounts).
Additionally, in the range of infrastructure and congestion costs some calculations were made
in the COMPETE project for 10 new member states (entering the EU in 2004). Finally it has
to be mentioned that new member states were also covered to some extent in the HEATCO
and GRACE projects. If we take into consideration policy dimension projects concerning
reforming pricing in transport, we can see that problems or determinants of new member
states were not represented broadly at the international level. Only a few separate case studies
for Poland or Slovenia can be mentioned in the REVENUE and DIFFERENT projects. On the
positive side the joining of NMS representatives in thematic network projects, like
IMPRINT-EUROPE and present IMPRINT-NET must be noted. Within the projects covering specific
transport modes, the EU project ‘Public financing and charging practices of seaports in the
EU’ should be referenced for seaports. All new member states joining the EU in 2004 are
included and country reports analysing the situation in different states elaborated. In the case
of inland waterways, the EU financed the project ‘Charging and pricing in the area of inland
waterways. Practical guideline for realistic transport pricing’. Hungarian Danube ports were
taken into consideration and the charging mechanism was analysed in the project.
Data availability for road infrastructure cost calculation
Taking into consideration all types of data and modes of transport, the general assessment is
that it is possible to get relatively the most comprehensive and reliable data for roads for most
countries compared with other modes. Data on road infrastructure is usually given at
aggregate level. Further disaggregation varies from country to country. Division into classes
is present in the case of the majority of new member states. Unfortunately it must be noted
that these divisions are not compatible. Different types of roads are described under the name
of each class in every country. A good indicator that is comparable between countries would
be E-class designation. However again local conditions in reality may vary from country to
country and actual road conditions are not necessarily in accordance with the predefined
standard.
In the range of transport performance data, disaggregation and the level of details have some
gaps in the official statistics. Road indicators are probably the best statistics available in all
new member states. Usually both simple and complex measures are provided. There are
various types of disaggregation – the most common ones differentiate between transport on
own account or for hire and reward. Sometimes differentiation is based on origination of
cargos (national, international) with further division into exports, imports and transit and also
division by type of goods or type of vehicles.
Details as to the equipment used in road transport vary from country to country. The biggest
problem in cross-country comparisons lies with the differentiation of vehicle category. The
categorisation most often used is into passenger cars, lorries/trucks, road tractors, motorcycles
and bicycles while in some states there is an additional division by engine type or engine
capacity.
Information on costs and revenues if reported – is done at a very general level. Totals for a
transport sector considered as a whole are usually given. In some cases transport is included
in an even broader category of “Transport, storage and communication” making any
comparisons impossible. Only for very few countries has more detailed data been gathered in
this area.
Data availability for rail infrastructure cost calculation
There is no problem with infrastructure data in general for railways. The one exception is
Bulgaria in which case datasets, official statistics or other publications are unfortunately not
available publicly in English versions. Analysis of stock of vehicles and transport
performance in railways leads to a conclusion that general information is easily accessible in
national statistics, but there are some problems with further disaggregation of data and level
Availability of infrastructure data for new member states usually includes disaggregations by
gauge, track type and degree of electrification of tracks. In some cases the public access to
this data is limited.
Transport performance in rail sector statistics is usually well developed – mainly because of
the relatively large participation of state-owned enterprises that do not perceive all
information as classified which is often the case when dealing with private companies. Data is
given both by simple measures (number of passengers, tonnes) and more complex like tonne
km (tkm) or passenger km (pkm). Often further division is available – either by class or by
origin of cargo.
Stock of vehicles in the rail sector is given usually in division into locomotives and various
car types. Sometimes self-powered cars are stated separately. There are also problems with
common naming of cars. Usually wagons are used to indicate cargo cars and cars as
representing passenger transport units.
Data availability for aviation and infrastructure cost calculation
In the aviation sector, the level of information for airport infrastructure is sufficient in all
countries. There is no problem either with transport performance and traffic data. For
expenditures and costs only partial data is available for some cost categories or only for some
airports. The problem lies with the level of detail necessary for appropriate research aimed at
costs and revenues. Data on general level (global aggregates) is easily available. At the same
time more detailed cost structure (specific cost categories and further divisions into
sub-categories) although exists is not public. Often companies keep them for their internal use
only and claim that since data covers essential areas of company’s activities should be
considered restricted information. Since most air carriers as well as many airports are private
entities (or at least private capital has a significant share in business) the chances for accessing
this type of data are slim. Even with general level statistics it is often the case that national
statistical offices offer only general information as to the number of airports. Better statistics
often exist in international institutions like IATA or ICAO than in national documents (at
least those published publicly in English). Moreover air sector performance is rather well
documented but only for passenger transport. Available information usually covers
destinations of passenger traffic within all categories - domestic, international and transit. The
situation is much worse for cargo flows and performance information. Such information is
sometimes provided at least fragmentarily (in the case of Poland or Lithuania) but it is
generally in unpublished internal reports. As regards air equipment, only figures for national
carriers could usually be obtained.
Data availability for waterborne infrastructure cost calculation
General level of information on waterborne transport varies from one state to another.
Infrastructure data is best accessible and in the case of new member states apply to the total
length of navigable waterways. This type of data is provided since inland water transport is
significant for countries like: The Czech Republic, Hungary or Slovakia (due to their
landlocked character) and also for Poland, Romania or Bulgaria – because of the presence of
major rivers. Unfortunately inland water transport is sometimes considered as an addition to
other modes and the amount and quality of statistics is thus negligible (e.g. Slovakia), in other
instances (e.g. Romania) the relevant information is not published in English or published
fragmentarily. In practice, data for navigable waterways broken down by type is only
available for the Czech Republic and Poland. The vessel type statistics are usually good and
cover all types of inland vessels – although existing categories are often incomparable due to
different nomenclature. For waterborne transport, the precision of performance indicators
also varies from country to country. A good picture of the main performance indicator for
both passenger and cargo traffic is given by Czech and Polish data. Further details as to the
ship type and average transport distances are provided. The data from Slovakia. Slovenia and
the Baltic States is almost as good. However, data is strong in the area of maritime transport
but almosts neglects inland water transport. Romanian data is a bit less detailed but still much
better than Bulgarian. Romania keeps a good record of maritime vessels as well, while data is
hardly available and could be only approximated by detailed study of the internal documents
of Bulgarian seaports which are unfortunately published in Bulgarian. Only general data is
available in Estonia and Latvia. In Hungary there is no public access to such data. Possibly
the worst situation is within the cost and revenues category in which only aggregated numbers
are provided and any breakdown is virtually impossible. If one is looking for detail, it is
necessary to contact the port authorities – although often no data whatsoever is available even
on that level.
Final comments
Summarising all detailed conclusions for specific data types, the following remarks can be
added:
♦ Data availability is different for specific countries, well developed statistical and reporting
systems and relatively good data exist for the pioneers of transformation of the economy,
e.g. Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic,
♦ General infrastructure data is easily accessible but there are different categories and
methods of reporting for specific countries,
♦ There is no problem with total transport performance indicators, but extensive problems
with disaggregation of this data,
♦ It is very difficult to access information on expenditures and costs. No detailed data on
investments, operation and maintenance, especially for long time series could be provided.
There is good data only for isolated cases but this is not available in general datasets, only
in reports or specific studies (more policy issues then exact data), lack of information on
the division between fixed and variable costs,
♦ Comparing transport modes, relatively good data exists for roads, while there are problems
with access to information for other modes,, especially in the case of private owners or
operators,
♦ Transformation of the economy which was often accompanied by transformation of
statistical systems has led to the non-existence of long time data series. That is why in our
review as well as in datasets collected data covered started from 2000/2002 (depending on
country and data type).
1. I
NTRODUCTION
CATRIN is a research project to support the European Transport Policy, specifically to assist
in the implementation of transport pricing. CATRIN will increase the probability that new
progressive pricing principles can be implemented which facilitate a move towards
sustainable transport. CATRIN is both intermodal and interdisciplinary, emphasizes the needs
of new member states, understands that different organizational forms require different
recommendations, that recommendations need to be given in the short- and long-term
perspective and that they have to be thoroughly discussed with infrastructure managers.
CATRIN will clarify the current position on allocation of infrastructure cost in all modes of
transport. Pricing principles will be dealt with given the knowledge that they vary within the
organizational structure of a sector. CATRIN will establish the micro-aspects of cost recovery
above marginal costs, including the results of applying a club approach and the implication of
findings on cost bearers for cost recovery under alternative allocation rules, using games
theory analytical tools.
The significant research area in CATRIN covers new member states’ policy and
implementation problems as well as data availability. The objective of this deliverable is to
review data sources and information available in new member states which can be used for
cost allocation studies. It includes both a survey of existing case studies and results of
different research projects and a review and presentation of data available in national and
international statistical institutions. As a result country sheets including current datasets have
been also attached to this deliverable.
This report concerns the situation of new member states joining the EU in May 2004 and
January 2007. Due to the common historical background and similar economic transformation
problems only the post-socialist countries are taken into consideration. Cyprus and Malta have
therefore not been included in the analysis. The objective of this chapter is to assess the
current data availability in 10 countries as of September 2007. It has to be noticed that
although 10 former socialist countries have joined the EU, there are still some differences in
data availability on different levels as compared to the “old” EU member states. However, it
should also be stressed that data availability, reliability and methods of presentations differ
among these 10 countries.
The structure of the deliverable meets the requirements and corresponds to the description of
the project objectives. After introductory remarks authors review data sources of transport
infrastructure data in the EU new member states (chapter 2), including international and
national institutions collecting statistical data and transport infrastructure managers. Then,
research projects are reviewed in order to assess their relevance to the problems of transport
infrastructure costs and reforming pricing policy in transport of NMS (chapter 3). The
following four chapters aim at evaluation of data availability for infrastructure cost
calculations in all new EU member states in different transport modes (chapters 4-7). All
chapters are divided into four subchapters concerning infrastructure data, transport
performance and traffic flows, stock of vehicles and finally expenditure and costs data
assessments. Detailed country sheets are attached to the deliverable. These datasets
correspond to the structure of modal chapters.
2. D
ATA SOURCES OF TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE DATA
IN THE
EU
NEW MEMBER STATES
2.1 Introductory remarks
The method of data availability assessment in the report is based on two approaches. Firstly,
databanks of institutions’ websites available on the Internet have been reviewed. Secondly,
paper publications, statistical books and journals have been examined in order to make a
comparison and verification of Internet sources.
Generally, data useful for research on cost allocation practices in NMS can be searched in
different places. Firstly, international institutions are a good source of comparable data.
However, for the NMS, there is the problem of compiling data for these countries, and even if
data is available there is always a risk of short time series and poor data reliability, especially
for previous years, where different approaches and statistical systems were in use. Among the
international institutions both well-known worldwide institutions dealing with general
statistics, including the transport sector, and also particular organisations in different transport
modes should be taken into consideration.
Research projects dealing with infrastructure costs or user charges reforms should also be
reviewed. The objective of this review is not to enumerate the most important projects in
given areas, but to identify those projects, where special emphasis was given to the specific
situation of new member states, which means that reports or case studies elaborated for
specific NMS have been prepared.
It is clear that data, information, reports and other outputs available in international
institutions and research projects are usually compiled in the same methodological
framework, what is a big advantage, but on the other hand the data analysed derives from
previous years and is often outdated. This is especially disadvantageous in the context of a
very dynamic situation and rapid economic development of NMS. Then, national sources of
information were reviewed and on this basis a database on current transport infrastructure in
new member states was elaborated. Among national data sources, the most obvious such as
national statistical offices and ministries of transport have to be enumerated. Furthermore the
authors surveyed infrastructure managers in all transport modes in all 10 countries (see Figure
1) to complement acquired data.
It can be noticed that diversification of sources, approaches and types of data available in
different types of institutions has been observed. Therefore, different data sources in the
institutional context are reviewed in the following sub-chapters. Then, in the next chapter the
research projects dealing with infrastructure costs of pricing policy and including NMS case
studies or evaluations are examined.
Furthermore, the results of research projects (especially EU projects) are useful as a source of
transport data. In the case of the infrastructure, TINA has to be mentioned, and PHARE
projects can be useful when evaluating different modes of transport. However, as might be
expected, types of data and time-range in these sources are limited.
General statistics, including transport data: Eurostat, DGTREN, International Transport Forum (ECMT), UNECE, World Bank, EBRD, EEA, T&E Modes of transport: Road: IRU, PIARC, IRF
Rail: UIC, European Railway Agency, Community of European Railway and Infrastructure
Companies Inland waterway: Inland
Navigation Europe, European Federation of Inland Ports, PIANC, Intern.
Commission for the Protection of the Rhine, Danube Commission, Intern.
Commission for the Protection of the Danube
River, Commission Internationale de la Meuse, Commission Internationale de l'Escaut, Commissions Internationales pour la Protection de la Moselle et de la Sarre, Maritime: Intern.Baltic Ports
Organisation, Intern. Association of Ports and
Harbours, Baltic Icebreaking Management Air: ICAO International and domestic projects (NMS included), thematic areas: Transport policy assessments Transport European transport network
Infrastructure costs calculations
Reforming pricing policy Urban pricing
Specific modes of transport – reforming user charges
Statistical offices: National Statistical Institute of Bulgaria Czech Statistical Office Hungarian Central Statistical Office Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia Statistics Lituania Central Statistical Office of Poland National Institute of Statistics of Romania Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia Ministries of transport: Ministry of Transport in Bulgaria, Ministry of Transport
in the Czech Rep., Ministry for Economy and Transport in Hungary, Ministry of Transport and Communication in Latvia, Ministry of Transport in Lithuania, Ministry of Transport in Poland, Ministry of Maritime Economy in Poland, Ministry of Transport, Construction and Tourism in Romania, Ministry of Transport, Posts and Telecomm. in Slovak Rep., Ministry of Transport in Slovenia Infrastructure managers in all transport modes in 10 countries General statistics, including transport data: Eurostat, DGTREN, International Transport Forum (ECMT), UNECE, World Bank, EBRD, EEA, T&E Modes of transport: Road: IRU, PIARC, IRF
Rail: UIC, European Railway Agency, Community of European Railway and Infrastructure
Companies Inland waterway: Inland
Navigation Europe, European Federation of Inland Ports, PIANC, Intern.
Commission for the Protection of the Rhine, Danube Commission, Intern.
Commission for the Protection of the Danube
River, Commission Internationale de la Meuse, Commission Internationale de l'Escaut, Commissions Internationales pour la Protection de la Moselle et de la Sarre, Maritime: Intern.Baltic Ports
Organisation, Intern. Association of Ports and
Harbours, Baltic Icebreaking Management Air: ICAO International and domestic projects (NMS included), thematic areas: Transport policy assessments Transport European transport network
Infrastructure costs calculations
Reforming pricing policy Urban pricing
Specific modes of transport – reforming user charges
Statistical offices: National Statistical Institute of Bulgaria Czech Statistical Office Hungarian Central Statistical Office Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia Statistics Lituania Central Statistical Office of Poland National Institute of Statistics of Romania Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia Ministries of transport: Ministry of Transport in Bulgaria, Ministry of Transport
in the Czech Rep., Ministry for Economy and Transport in Hungary, Ministry of Transport and Communication in Latvia, Ministry of Transport in Lithuania, Ministry of Transport in Poland, Ministry of Maritime Economy in Poland, Ministry of Transport, Construction and Tourism in Romania, Ministry of Transport, Posts and Telecomm. in Slovak Rep., Ministry of Transport in Slovenia Infrastructure managers in all transport modes in 10 countries
Figure 1 Sources of transport infrastructure data in the EU new member states
2.2 Sources of transport statistical data for EU new member states –
international institutions
International institutions are potentially the most appropriate source of transport statistical
data. These may be especially important in the case of new member states where comparative
sources of information are lacking as is often a standard. These institutions can be grouped as
general - including different economic sectors and specific - by institutions covering different
modes of transports.
Table 1 Sources of transport statistical data for EU new member states – international
institutions
Institution Website Type of activity Modes of transport covered Count-ries covered Publications/ reports Latest available years Infrastruct-ure data Traffic and transport perform-ance data Cost / expenditure data EUROSTAT http://epp. eurostat.ec .europa.eu/ EU institution All modes 10 NMS (gaps for Bulga-ria and Roma-nia) Eurostat yearbook, Panorama of transport, transport data online 2004 Length of network, density General data available for all countries Survey of national practices1 , Conclu-sions and recommend ations2 DG TREN http://ec.e uropa.eu/d gs/energy_ transport/i ndex_en.ht ml EU Commission Directorate All modes 10 NMS Pocket Book Energy and transport in figures 2004 Length of network, density General data available for all countries Results of the studies International Transport Forum (former ECMT) http://ww w.internati onaltransp ortforum.o rg/ International Ministerial forum Inland transport modes: road, rail, inland water-ways, intermodal 10
NMS Trends in transport sector (latest one: 1970-2005), Short-Term Trends Survey Round tables publications, research reports 2005, 2007 (short term survey) Basic infrastruc-ture data, pan-European transport corridors Goods and passen-gers carried (pas, tonnes, pkm, tkm) No UNECE, transport division http://ww w.unece.or g/trans/wel come.html Forum for communicati on among 56 member states Inland transport modes: road, rail, inland waterways intermodal 10 NMS Handbook of transport statistics in the UNECE region (2006) Road traffic accidents (2007) 2003 Basic infrastruc-ture data Goods and passen-gers carries (pas, tonnes, pkm, tkm) No World Bank http://ww w.worldba nk.org/ Source of financial and technical assistance to developing countries All modes 10 NMS World Development Indicators, country data, working groups publications, workshops presentations and papers, analytical documents 2005 Basic infrastruc-ture data No expenditure s for specific investments EBRD http://ww w.ebrd.co m/ Owned by 61 countries and two intergovern-mental institutions, help in transforma-tion of the economy All modes (infrastruc ture view) 10 NMS Transition reports (latest 2007), country factsheets 2006 Compar-able data for countries No No
perform-ance data EEA http://ww w.eea.euro pa.eu/ EU
institution All modes, transport and environme nt
10
NMS TERM indicators, e.g. Transport and environment: on the way to a new transport policy (2007); The European environment. State and outlook 2005 2004 No No No T&E European Federation for Transport and Environment http://ww w.transpor tenvironm ent.org/ NGO campaigning on sustainable transport All modes 10 NMS T&E Bulletin, publications 2006 No No Pricing policies IRU http://ww w.iru.org/ Association representing the entire road transport industry Road transport 10 NMS Resolutions reports on road safety and sustainable transport 2006 No Road transport indices, country road transport perform-ance data No IMO http://ww w.imo.org/ Specialized agency of the United Nations with 167 Member States and three Associate Members maritime transport 10 NMS Reports 2006 No No No ICAO http://ww w.icao.int/ UN Specialized Agency is the global forum for civil aviation Air
transport 10 NMS Reports, resolutions 2006 No No policy issues
UIC http://ww w.uic.asso. fr/index.ph p The world-wide organisation for international cooperation among railways and promotion of the rail transport mode Railway 10
NMS Online statistics, International Railway Statistics 2005, Railway time-series data 1970-2005; studies, reports 2005 Length of lines Train performa
nce, stock, number of passenge rs, paskm, tones, tonkm No
1. Survey of national practices in estimating service lives of capital assets (Joint UNECE/Eurostat/OECD
Meeting on National Accounts (2004)
2. Conclusions and recommendations of the GNI Committee’s Task Force on the consumption of fixed capital
on roads, bridges (2003)
General assessment of the reviewed international data sources is that on this level data
collection and presentation has been unified, but the problem is the insufficient time-range of
available data and level of details of presented information.
Two major sources of statistical data on transport in new member states can be identified. The
first group consists of international organisations, dealing with general statistical data,
including transport. Both EU institutions (especially Eurostat, DG TREN, DG Enlargement,
and DG ENV) and some non-EU institutions are very useful for data collecting, e.g.
OECD/ECMT, UNECE, World Bank (statistical database and country reports), EBRD (e.g.
annual Transition Reports). Additionally, in the range of ecological approaches, the European
Environmental Agency has to be mentioned. The second group of international data sources
includes organisations dealing with different modes of transport, e.g. IRU, IMO, ICAO, and
UIC.
In the range of EU statistical data sources (Eurostat, DGTREN) the consistency and
comparability of presented data has to be mentioned. However, unfortunately the last
available year is 2004, and this is very often the only data presented (no information for
previous years). In the case of basic infrastructure data, pan-European corridors and transport
performance data, good sources of information for NMS are the publication of International
Transport Forum – Trends in transport sector and Short-term Trends Survey, where data for
2006 can be found. Other sources of comparable data are World Bank (publications: World
Development Indicators and special country datasets) and European Bank for Reconstruction
and Development with its annual publication – Transition Report and country fact sheets.
When reviewing data available in organisations dealing with transport modes, the general
observation is that in the reports published by the institutions, data for NMS is not an
important issue. Only road transport indices and road transport performance by country are
presented by IRU. The positive exception are online statistics, International Railways
Statistics and Railway time-series data published by UIC. An additional observation
concerning the review of international data sources for NMS is that while in the case of
transport performance and infrastructure data, general comparable information is available,
the situation is much worse for cost and expenditure data, where only some descriptive
revisions or analysis for pricing policies have been published.
2.3 Sources of official transport statistics for the EU new member states –
national institutions
The review of sources of official transport statistics has to include national institutions as
original and most comprehensive data sources. Generally, statistical offices and ministries of
transport have to be taken into consideration. The results of the revision are presented in
Table 2.
Institution Website Statistical publications /reports Latest available years Infrastructure data Traffic and transport performance data Cost / expenditure data
National
Statistical
Institute
(NSI)
www.nsi.bg/
Statistical Yearbook
(non-available online),
Statistical Journal,
Transport and
communication (only for
the years 1996-2000)
2004,
2005
No Only
freight
road
transport
(national and
international,
own account
and hire and
reward)
Not
Bu
lg
aria
Ministry
of
Transport
http://www. mtc.governm ent.bg/index. php--- ---
---
---
---
Czech
Statistical
Office
(CzSO)
www.czso.cz /Statistical Yearbook
(available online)
Regional Yearbooks
(available online)
Brand New Figures in
News Releases -
Transport and
Communications,
Transport and
Communications:
Economic Results 2000
– 2005 (available online)
2005
1 and 2
quarter
2007 for
some data
Good general
data on
infrastructure
Good data for
all modes for
transport
performance
No
Czech Rep.
Ministry
of
Transport
http://www. mdcr.cz/en/ HomePage.h tmTransport yearbook
(latest 2005)
Quarterly overview of
basic transport indicators
(for all modes of
transport, in xls format)
2005
Detailed data
on general
network
characteristics
Good data for
all modes for
transport
performance
Investment
and
maintenance
expenditures
in transport
infrastructure
Statistical
Office of
Estonia
http://www.s tat.ee/Statistical database
(online) including
transport performance in
different transport
modes
Transport. Side.
Transport.
Communications
2006 Not
available
in Internet,
detailed data
published in
paper
publication
only
Good data in
online database
No
Est
oni
a
Ministry
of
Economic
Affairs
and
Communic
ations
http://www. mkm.ee/eng/Reports on railway and
aviation accidents
2005/2006 No
No
No
H
ung
ary
Hungarian
Central
Statistical
Office
http://portal. ksh.hu/Statistical Yearbook of
Hungary (latest 2005,
non available online)
Statistical Reports (latest
06/2007)
2005-2006
No
information on
transport
network
STADAT
online statistics
on transport
performance,
all transport
modes (some
data for 2007)
No
Institution Website Statistical publications /reports Latest available years Infrastructure data Traffic and transport performance data Cost / expenditure data
Ministry
for
Economy
and
Transport
http://en.gkm.gov.hu/
Reports
Hungarian Economy in
2006 (available online)
2006
General data
General data
No
Central
Statistical
Bureau
(CSB)
www.csb.lv/Statistical Yearbook
(non-available online),
Online databases
2006,
2007 (two
quarters)
General data
General data
No
Latv
ia
Ministry
of
Transport
and
Communic
ation
http://www.s am.gov.lv/sat min/content/ ?cat=134xls files
2006,
2007 (two
quarters)
No Turnover
in
tkm, paskm,
tonnes and
pass. (all
transport
modes)
No
Statistics
Lithuania
http://www.stat.gov.lt/en/
Statistical Yearbook
(non-available online),
Predefined tables,
sustainable development
statistics, online
statistical database
(transport is not a
specific module)
2006 Length
of
roads
General data
investments
Li
thua
ni
a
Ministry
of
Transport
http://www.transp.lt/
Only general
information
2005 No
No
No
Central
Statistical
Office of
Poland
www.stat.go
v.pl/
Statistical Yearbook
(non-available online),
Statistical Yearbook of
Maritime Economy
2007, Transport – results
of activities 2006
2006 Detailed
data
on network, all
transport
Good data for
all modes for
transport
performance
Investments,
replacement
value of main
road network
Poland
Ministry
of
Transport
Ministry
of
Maritime
Economy
http://www. mt.gov.pl/art icle/english/i ndex.php http://mgm.g ov.pl/?j=angOnly general
information
- -
-
-
National
Institute of
Statistics
http://www.i nsse.ro/cms/r w/pages/inde x.en.doStatistical Yearbook
(non-available online),
Transport, post and
telecommunication
2004 Length
of
the
network
General
transport
performance in
tonnes, pass,
tkm and paskm
Investments
Ro
man
ia
Ministry
of
Transport,
Constructi
on and
Tourism
http://www. mt.ro/englez a/index_eng. html- -
-
-
-
Sl
ova
ki
a
Statistical
Office of
the Slovak
Republic
http://www.statistics.sk/
Statistical Yearbook
(non-available online),
Yearbook of Transport,
Post and
Telecommunications
2006 Current Data on
Transport (monthly)
2005
2006 or
2007 for
monthly
statistics
Detailed data
on network, all
transport
Good data for
all modes for
transport
performance
Ministry
of
Transport,
Posts and
Telecomm
.
http://www.t elecom.gov.s k/index/inde x.php?lang= enOnline statistics
2005
General data
on transport
infrastructure
General data on
transport
performance
No
Statistical
Office of
the
Republic
of
Slovenia
http://www.s tat.si/eng/ind ex.aspStatistical Yearbook
(available online, xls
tables)
2005 Detailed
data
on network, all
transport
Good data for
all modes for
transport
performance
No
Sl
ove
ni
a
Ministry
of
Transport
http://www. mzp.gov.si/e n/- -
-
-
-
National statistical data are still not fully compatible with EU / Eurostat requirements.
Adjustments of definitions and introduction of new rules of data collection since the early 90s
(or the mid 90s in some countries) have not yet been completed in all cases (Bak et al. 2005).
Even though official guidelines present good data availability in most data categories, the
specification and level of detail, e.g. regional level as lowest unit, is not always sufficient
(which becomes clear when the detailed review is made). Another problem is the change of
data collection methods, which has resulted in data gaps or a lack of reliable information for
some periods, especially in the 1990s.
The review of national data sources leads to the conclusion that ministries of transport of
NMS do not publish any additional datasets in comparison to statistical offices activities. The
exception is the Ministry of Transport in the Czech Republic. The institution publishes very
detailed annual transport yearbooks available on the Internet in English and Czech language
versions.
2.4 Transport infrastructure administrations in the EU new member states
and other sources of information on transport infrastructure
Besides international official statistics and national statistical offices, infrastructure managers
should also be mentioned as a potentially good source of information, especially concerning
transport infrastructure. Within this study, web pages of infrastructure administrations in the
new member states have been reviewed.
The following tables (3-7) specify the institutions and assess data availability in all modes of
transport.
Table 3 Road administrations in the EU new member states and other sources of
information on road management
Level/ country
Institution Website Type of company Data availability International level
PIARC – World Road
Association http://www.piarc.org/en/ International open forum for information exchange Technical reports and a selection of articles published in Routes/Roads; proceedings of PIARC World Road Congresses and International Winter Road Congresses; Publication: Snow and ice databook
International Road Federation (IRF)
http://www.irfnet.o rg/
Global platform that brings together public and private entities committed to road development
IRF World Road Statistics , data available: road networks (km), production & export of motor vehicles, first registration & import of motor vehicles, vehicles in use, road traffic, multimodal traffic comparisons, motor fuels, road accidents, rates & basis of assessment of road user taxes, examples of taxation for five common categories of motor vehicles, annual receipts from road user taxation, road expenditure;
European Road Statistics
National level
Bulgaria Roads Executive Agency in Bulgaria http://www.rea.gov ernment.bg/# - Only in Bulgarian Czech Republic Road and Motorway Directorate of the Czech Republic http://www.rsd.cz/r sd/rsd.nsf/ed/EN A national contributory organisation, founded by the Ministry of Transport and Communications on January 1, 1997. The organisation has two motorway divisions in Prague and Brno and 13 regional investment road administrations.
Maps, traffic data
Estonia Estonian Road Administration
http://www.mnt.ee/ atp/?id=180
A government agency, which operates within the administrative area of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications. It administrates the following state agencies: local agency of the Road Administration and the Road Administration of Northern Region.
Detailed traffic information (in Estonian), data in road network, traffic safety. Hungary National Infrastructural Development Corporation in Hungary
http://www.nif.hu/ Established in February 2007; NIF Corp. is continuing the development of the clearway investments started previously by the National Motorway Corp. Besides, NIF Corp. is the investor of more than 200 road and more than 50 railroad projects. NIF Corp. is fully owned by the Hungarian State, the Ministry of Economy and Transport has control over the property rights.
Almost no data available in English version
Latvia Latvian State Roads
http://www.lad.lv/e n/?i=1
Since October 26, 2004, the LSR is a State Joint Stock Company that operates according to Company Statutes and the Agreement “On Road Sector Management” signed with its main client – the Ministry of
Road network basic data, traffic flows – maps, vehicles registered, budget for maintenance and operation; Yearbook of Latvian State Roads 2006, Latvian Road Administration Statistics 2002
Transport of the Republic of Latvia. LSR is the legal successor of the former Latvian Road Administration and now fulfils the same road administration and management functions.
Lithuania Lithuanian Road
Administration http://www.lra.lt/en.php/about_lra/ge neral_information/ 101
The LRA under the Ministry of Transport and Communications of the Republic of Lithuania is an enterprise founded by the Government of the Republic of Lithuania which is in charge of organizing and co-ordinating the reconstruction, maintenance and development of the roads of national significance.
Road network: general data, road pavements, bridges and viaducts, traffic volumes, financing. Accident data: number of accidents, victims, causes, types of accidents, Poland General Directorate for National Roads and Motorways http://www.gddkia.
gov.pl/index.php The Directorate is the central authority of the government administration competent for the issues related to national roads. It acts as the administrator of national roads and implements the state budget as far as national roads are concerned.
Road network – basic data, traffic flows - maps Romania Romanian National Company of Motorways and National Roads http://www.andnet.
ro/index_EN.htm National company responsible for road administration. It has a central body comprising 8 functional and specialised divisions, a Technical Road Surveys and Computer Center (CESTRIN), 7 Regional Roads and Bridges Directorates, 44 national roads departments, 22 tolling and border crossing control places and 2 tolling and control places on the Danube bridges.
Road network and traffic flows basic data
Slovakia Slovak Road Administration: National Motorway Company http://www.ndsas.s k/index/index.php? ids=2
Národná diaľničná spoločnosť, a.s. (NDS) is a joint stock company, responsible for management of national road network
Only in Slovak, maps of the network
Slovenia DARS, Motorway Company in the Republic of Slovenia
http://www.dars.si/ DARS is a joint-stock company. It was established in 1993. In accordance with the decisions of the National Assembly of the Republic of Slovenia, DARS d.d. is in charge of financial engineering, preparing, organising and managing construction and maintenance of the motorway network, and is responsible for the management of motorways in the Republic of Slovenia. Since 1st January 1994, DARS d.d. has had its head office in Celje and a branch in Ljubljana.
Traffic conditions and traffic data, motorway network - maps
As it can be noticed in Table 3 some information, also for NMS can be found in international
institutions datasets (PIARC ad IRF). There are infrastructure and vehicle data, some taxation
and expenditure information and a snow and ice databook. If one reviews domestic road
administrations, the situation differs between countries. In Bulgaria and Slovakia all
information is available only in national languages. It is not a problem to get detailed road
network maps for almost every country but traffic data can only be found in some countries
(The Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Poland, Romania and Slovenia). Additionally, the
Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania) make more detailed statistics available, e.g.
traffic safety. A good example is Latvian State Roads which publishes a comprehensive
Yearbook of Latvian State Roads statistics.
Table 4 Railway administrations in the EU new member states and other sources of
information on railway management
Level/coun try
Institution Website Type of company Data availability International level
European Railway Agency http://www.era.europ a.eu/public/Pages/def ault.aspx
Institution set up by European Commission under Regulation No 881/2004 to help create this integrated railway area by reinforcing safety and interoperability.
Official documents, newsletters, restricted analysis
Community of European Railway and Infrastructure Companies
http://www.cer.be/co ntent/default.asp
CER brings together 64 railway companies and infrastructure administrations, objectives:
representing members, promoting rail transport and sustainable transport development
Publications, CER positions papers, CER fact sheets, analysis, only aggregate information
National level
Bulgaria National Railway Infrastructure
Company
http://www.rail-infra.bg/page.php?n= 1
National company founded in 2002 when in accordance with the Railway act the National Company "Bulgarian State Railways" (NC BDZ) was divided into NRIC and BDZ EAD.
Railway maps; network statements including: description of infrastructure, technical conditions and services
Czech
Republic Railways Infrastructure Administration
http://www.szdc.cz/e
nglish/ State organization established in 2003 maps Network statements, detailed Estonia Aktsiaselts Eesti
Raudtee/Estonian Railways
http://www.evr.ee/ EVR is the national railway undertaking in Estonia, both providing transport services and managing rail infrastructure1
-
Hungary MÁV http://www.mav.hu/ Only in Hungarian, the national railway company in Hungary, both providing transport services and managing rail infrastructure
-
Latvia Latvijas Dzelzcelš http://www.ldz.lv/?ob ject_id=861
The state joint-stock company LDZ is the largest railway in the Baltic countries. Also managing infrastructure.
Network statement including
access condition, infrastructure description, capacity allocation, services and charging system
Lithuania Lietuvos
Geležinkeliai http://www.litrail.lt/wwwEN.nsf The state joint-stock company LG has recently undergone a complex reform for 2003-2005. Also managing infrastructure
Reports: network statement, detailed legal and institutional determinants described in English Poland PKP Group, including Polish Railway Lines JSC (PKP PLK S.A) http://www.plk-sa.pl/en.html#
Company of PKP Group responsible for management of national railway network
Network description, maps
Romania Compania Nationala de Cai Ferate SA CFR
http://www.cfr.ro/ Infrastructure manager in Romania Network statement available Slovakia Železnice Slovenskej Republiky ŽSR http://www.zsr.sk/ge nerate_page.php?pag e_id=221
Infrastructure manager in Slovakia Network statement available Slovenia Slovenske
Železnice SŽ http://www.slo-zeleznice.si/en/ National railway company in Slovenia, both providing transport services and managing rail infrastructure
Maps, some general statistics
1. In August 1997, the state-owned company was transformed into the joint stock company Estonian Railways.
In April 2000, the Estonian Privatisation Agency announced the privatisation of 66% of the shares of Eesti
the shares and obtained controlling interest in Eesti Raudtee.
In the information and statistics available in domestic websites of railway administrations,
network statements have to be noticed. These detailed reports describe access conditions,
description of infrastructure, capacity allocation and charging systems. In most countries such
documents are available though it is a different level of detail in different countries
(comprehensive data available in Baltic States railway administration).
Table 5 Airports administrations in the EU new member states and other sources of
information on airport management
Level Institution Website Type of company Data availability International level
Airports Council International http://www.airport s.org/
ACI is the association of the world’s airports. It is a non-profit organisation, whose prime purpose is to advance the interests of airports and to promote professional excellence in airport management and operations.
Monthly World reports (brochures)
ACI Policy Handbook
Annual traffic data, monthly traffic data
Position papers
National level
Bulgaria Ministry of Transport - General Directorate "Civil Aviation Administration” Airports: Burgas, Gorna Oryahovitsa, Plovdiv, Sofia and Varna
http://caa.gateway. bg/
GD CAA is a state budget supported legal entity within the Ministry of Transport, headquartered in Sofia, and a secondary principal of budgetary loans. It shall consist of five regional departments.
General map of the airport network
Czech Republic
Civil Aviation Authority (Airport Prague, other airports operators)
http://www.caa.cz/ en/index.php
CAA CZ executes the state administration in civil aviation matters
Limited information available in English
Estonia Civil Aviation Administration http://www.ecaa.ee /atp/?keel=en 100% state-owned companies: Tallinn Airport
http://www.ecaa.ee/atp?lan
g=en
and regional airportsTraffic statistics for 2005, 2006 and half of 2007, legal acts Hungary Nemzeti Közlekedési
Hatóság
http://www.nkh.hu /repules/content/vi ew/1/4/lang,hu/
Only in Hungarian - Latvia Civil Aviation
Agency http://www.caa.lv/index_en.php Managing three airports companies: Airport Riga, Airport Liepaja, Airport Ventspils
Legal regulations Lithuania Civil Aviation
Administration
http://www.caa.lt/e n.php
Three airports companies: Vilnius, Kaunas, Palanga; The budgetary institution CAA was set up on 2 July 2001 after reorganisation of the State Enterprise “Civil Aviation Directorate of the Republic of Lithuania“
Legislation, basic statistics for 2006
Poland Civil Aviation Office Polskie Porty Lotnicze http://www.ulc.gov .pl/index_1.php?dz ial=wiadomosci&p lik=cao_eng http://www.lotnisk o-chopina.pl/porty.p hp
(Only partly in English) Administration of airports in: Warsaw, Rzeszow and Zielona Gora Other airports as commercial companies (Bydgoszcz, Gdansk, Katowice, Cracow, Poznan, Szczecin, Szymany k/Szczytna and Wroclaw)
