2011:23 Sweden’s Cooperation with Eastern Europe in Radiation Safety 2010

Report number: 2011:23 ISSN: 2000-0456 Available at www.stralsakerhetsmyndigheten.se

Sweden’s Cooperation with Eastern

Europe in Radiation Safety

2010

2011:23

Foreword

The Swedish Radiation Safety Authority implemented in 2010 coope-ration projects in Russia, Ukraine, Georgia, Armenia, Lithuania and Moldova based on instructions from the Swedish Government and agre-ements with the European Union and the Swedish International Deve-lopment Cooperation Agency, SIDA.

The projects aim at achieving a net contribution to radiation safety (including nuclear safety, nuclear security and non-proliferation as well as radiation protection and emergency preparedness) for the benefit of the host country as well as Sweden. This report gives an overview of all the projects implemented in 2010. The project managers from SSM are the corner-stones of our successful work, but all the efforts and dedica-tion by staff members of the facilities and authorities in our counterpart countries are also indispensable for the projects’ long-term positive outcomes. In this manner I am proud to say that SSM’s work is based on, and aiming at, cooperation in the broadest and best sense of this word. In the hour of writing and completing this report, SSM is undertaking a number of steps to stream-line its international cooperation activities. Much of this concerns its internal management processes, but as the si-tuation in the countries in which projects are implemented also changes this will need to be reflected in the orientation of the projects selected and the interactions with our partners.

It is also necessary to take into account what happens with respect to the international frameworks for cooperation in nuclear safety and security. At the Nuclear Security Summit in Washington in April 2010, the participating states committed themselves to strengthening nuclear security at home – and in cooperation with other states. The Nuclear Security Summit also launched preparations for a Nuclear Security Summit II in Seoul in March 2012. From the preparatory meetings it is already known international cooperation in nuclear security and safety in response to the Fukushima accident will have a prominent position. Similarly, the parties to the G-8 Global Partnership have in 2010 and 2011 reviewed the work implemented by the 23 participating States and decided in June 2011 to extend the Global Partnership for ten more years, i.e. till 2022. For this new period two existing members, Russia and Ukraine, remain the main focus of attention. However existing members are also open to include additional countries that have issues concer-ning nuclear control suitable for international cooperation. Other inter-national frameworks, such as the UNSC 1540, remain a vibrant instru-ment by which UN Member States can exchange information on security concerns and request assistance from each other.

Based on the abovementioned, it is fair to expect that Sweden remains a committed partner in assuring that nuclear security and safety, as well as radiation protection, continue to be strengthened at the international level and that SSM will continue to do its part as concerns implementa-tion, along the lines and prioritizations set by our Government.

I wish you pleasant reading of this report. Any feedback and comments are welcomed and form a contribution to the development of our future work.

Fredrik Hassel

Deputy Director General

Swedish Radiation Safety Authority

2011:23

Authors: Lars van Dassen, Sarmite Andersson, Gabriela Bejarano, Inessa Chirman, Zlatan Delalic, Christer Ekblad, Olga German, Olof Karlberg, Håkan Klasén, Kjell Olsson, Viviana Sandberg, Tor Stenberg, Roland Turner and Barbro Wickman

Date: September 2011

Report number: 2011:23 ISSN: 2000-0456 Available at www.stralsakerhetsmyndigheten.se

Sweden’s Cooperation with Eastern

Content

1. Nuclear Safety: An overview ... 3 

1.1. Nuclear Safety Projects in Russia ... 4 

1.2. Nuclear Safety Projects in Ukraine ... 13 

2. Radiation Protection and Emergency Preparedness: An Overview ... 14 

2.1. Radiation Protection and Emergency Preparedness Projects in Russia ... 15 

2.2. Radiation Protection and Emergency Preparedness Projects in Ukraine ... 18 

2.3. Radiation Protection and Emergency Preparedness Projects in Georgia ... 23 

3. Nuclear Non-Proliferation: An Overview ... 24 

3.1. Non-Proliferation Projects in Russia ... 27 

3.2. Non-Proliferation Projects in Ukraine ... 33 

... 33 

3.3. Non-Proliferation Projects in Georgia ... 38 

3.4. Non-Proliferation Projects in Armenia ... 40 

4. EU-Project in Lithuania ... 42 

5. MOLDOVA ... 43 

6. Comments to the Financial Outcome ... 44 

6.1. International Environmental Cooperation with Russia ... 44 

6.2. Reform Cooperation with Eastern Europe ... 44 

6.3. Cooperation between Sida and SSM on the Swedish Development Programme for Ukraine ... 45 

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1. Nuclear Safety: An overview

During 2010, a substantial number of projects with the objective of upgrading reactor safety have been implemented in Russia and Ukraine. In Russia, the partners are Rosenergoatom (the state-owned company that owns all Russian nuclear power plants) as well as the Kola Nuclear Power Plant, KNPP, and the Leningrad Nuclear Power Plant, LNPP. The projects cover the introduction and development of new knowledge regarding safety assessments as well as the moderni-zation of certain equipment that are critical for nuclear safety. At the Kola NPP (KNPP) a modernized manipulator for internal inspection of the reactor pressure vessels has been taken into trial operation and a new, advanced technique for extinguishing oil fires has been intro-duced and demonstrated. Due to a serious incident in an electric trans-former in early 2010, SSM decided to contribute to the gradual re-placement of old transformers.

At the Leningrad NPP (LNPP) a project comprising the implementa-tion of an on-line surveillance of safety-related chemical parameters in the primary system has been completed. Safety-related cooling water pumps, which had suffered from severe corrosion damage, have been replaced by pumps manufactured with corrosion resistant materials. In cooperation with the owner and operator of all Russian NPPs, Ros-energoatom, SSM has started an examination and assessment of safety analyses elaborated for Leningrad NPP.

The cooperation between Rosenergoatom and SSM increases projects synergism under cost-sharing arrangements and is further supported by other partners from Finland and Norway.

During the last couple of years Rosenergoatom has been encouraged to make sure to copy successful safety improvements at KNPP and LNPP as a result of the successful cooperation with Sweden (and Norway and Finland) and also transfer those to Russia’s other eight nuclear power plants in operation. There is thus an overall ameliora-tion to the general safety at all Russian nuclear power plants as a re-sult of the Nordic efforts.

The cooperation with Ukraine in the field of reactor safety also en-compasses the Ukrainian custodian of the nuclear power infrastruc-ture, Energoatom. The main partnership between Energoatom and SSM uses the Yushno-Ukrainsk NPP as a pilot facility for the imple-mentation of an entire methodology that assesses safety levels.

1.1. N  This pr grade th set of e constitu prises t equipm erators for thos Six sets sets wil ered an STUK Euro (4 SSM/S  The pro fighting fire. Nuclear Sa Kola NPP Equipmen going) (SS the Environ roject was in he electrica equipment is utes a critic the manufac ment for eigh

in need of t se remainin s were teste ll be supplie nd installed and KNPP. 4.6 MSEK); TUK. Kola NPP System for (completed try of the E oject started g system tha afety Proj (KNPP) – nt and the A M 2009/198 nment nitiated in 2 al safety and s related to al part of th cturing, inst ht diesel gen these upgra ng five diese ed and suppl ed in early 2 in 2011. Th The total c ; 320 000 Eu (KNPP) U r the Oil Sy d) (SSM 200 Environmen d in 2008 an at, at high p 4 jects in R Upgrading Alarms of t 84) Funded 2009 as a hi d the alarms the emerge he safety inf tallation and nerators. In ades; KNPP el generator lied to KNP 2011. The r he financing cost for the p Euro (2.85 M Unit 3&4 – A ystem to th 08/1427) Fu nt nd covered t pressure, rel In pr re th tem pu co er en fir lat pa ne ha HI-Russia g of the Ele the Diesel G d by the Swe gh priority s of the dies ncy supply frastructure. d commissio total there is financing rs. PP in 2010. remaining se g is done joi project amo MSEK) is fin Automatic e Main Cir unded by th the installat leases dense nternal analy rotection ha vealed wea he rooms con ms for the m umps of coo ould underm rs faster than nsuing sprea re. In additi tion pumps arts of safety eeded to be azards. -FOG equipmen ectrical Safe Generators edish Minist measure to el generator of cooling a . The projec oning of a s are 13 diese g the equipm Two additio ets will be d intly by SSM ounts to 520 nanced by Fog Fire F rculation P e Swedish M tion of a fire e fogs to cho yses of the f zards at KN knesses rela ntaining oil main circula oling water. mine the fire n expected w ading effect on the main , classified a y reactor sy protected fr nt for Unit 3 fety (on-stry of up-rs. The and ct com-set of el gen-ment onal deliv-M, 0 000 Fighting Pumps Minis- e-oke a fire NPP ated to l sys-ation A fire e barri-with ts of the n circu-as vital ystem, from fire SSM 2011:23

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The equipment was manufactured by Marioff in Helsinki, Finland. The equipment for Unit 3 was put into operation in April 2010 and for Unit 4 in July 2010. The Project was financed by SSM and STUK. The total cost amounted to 279 000 Euro (2,45 MSEK) including spare parts of which SSM financed 129 000 Euro and STUK 150 000 Euro. Rosenergoatom will be establishing similar systems at other nuclear power plants in Russia at its own costs.

 Kola NPP (KNPP) – replacing of Capacity Voltage

Trans-formers 330 kV, 150 kV and 110 kV (on-going) (SSM

2009/2665) Funded by the Swedish Ministry of the Environ-ment

The project started in May 2010. The project includes the design, pro-curement, installation and commissioning of 30 capacity voltage transformers belonging to 10 main transformers placed at the outdoor switchyard of KNPP.

In January 2010, KNPP had an explosion in one of the capacity volt-age transformers. The entire Kola Peninsula was out of electricity for about 15 seconds. Sparks from the explosion flew about 80 meters. The cause of the explosion was a sharp current peak, which caused short circuits between the windings. A similar explosion occurred in one of the capacity voltage transformers at Novovoronesh NPP in September 2010. In Sweden, a similar incident happened at Forsmark in 2006.

The capacity voltage transformers measure and record cords data re-garding the input/output levels of electricity and also function to ame-liorate fluctuations in the power network. This project contributes to increasing operational safety at the KNPP.

The capacity voltage transformers are manufactured by ABB in Ludvika, Sweden. All 30 capacity voltage transformers will be deliv-ered by February 2011 and the installation work is planned to be com-pleted by November 2011. The capacity voltage transformers for KNPP are financed by SSM. SSM cost for the project amounts to 5 MSEK. Other voltage capacity transformers will be installed at LNPP and all other nuclear power plants in Russia at the cost of Ros-energoatom.

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tal cost for t , 7 MSEK h Kola NPP (on-going) of the Envi rrent calibra l, old, slow tion of dosi and exact ca roject compr brator from personnel do g staff. A ra

tor was purc

(KNPP) – or Pressure the Swedis nitiated in 20 manipulator cedure for i zzles. rised the del

upplier’s fa would allow e upgraded ease the sco

afety. t funding, th project was graded inspe pections in 2 d inspection ma the project ( have been fi (KNPP) – (SSM 2009 ironment ation equipm and unrelia meters have alibration. rises the ma a French ma osimeters, a adioactive c chased sepa 6 Upgrading e Vessels (o sh Ministry 006 and aim as well as d inside inspe livery of so acilities and w for more system, bas ope of inspec he project w completed i ection mani 2011. nipulator (phase one a financed by Dosimeter 9/2447) Fun ment for sur able. The Ru e become st anufacturing anufacturer as well as te alibration s arately in Ru g of Inspect n-going) (S of the Envi ms at moder developing a ection of the ftware and at KNPP. T accurate an sed on mode ction object was split int

in Decembe ipulator is e and two) am STUK/SSM Calibrator nded by the rveying lev ussian gove tricter and r g and delive r for the dire esting the eq ource to be ussia. tion Manip SSM 2008/3 ronment rnizing the u and licensin e reactor pre hardware as The implem nd reliable in ern, faster te ts and thus c o two phase er 2010 and xpected for mounts to 15 M and 8 MS r Swedish M els of radiat rnmental ru equire more ery of an au ect reading quipment an installed in pulator 337) ultra-ng a essure s well menta- nspec- ech- con-es. The d the r the 5 SEK by Ministry tion is ules for e fre- utomat-of elec-nd n the SSM 2011:23

The equ ing is p amount  As a co generat enables ponents The pro supplie was del project  KNPP plant to ing rad Stationary The equ weighin have al training possibl categor to achie uipment wa planned for ts to about 1 Kola NPP tions (comp Ministry of omplement t tors and oth s the execut s and piping oject covere er including livered and was financ Kola NPP (completed try of the E acknowledg o survey lev dioactive wa y gamma spectr uipment con ng scale and lso been pro g, factory te le to determ rization, cer eve a safe a as delivered 2011. The p 1 MSEK. (KNPP) – pleted) (SS f the Enviro to the autom her parts of t tion of visua g systems th ed the delive the necessa taken into o ed by SSM (KNPP) – d) (SSM 200 Environmen ged the prob vels of radio aste product

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nsists of gam d transport c ovided. In ad ests and com mine the spec rtification an and effective 7 d in late 201 project is fin Video-end M 2009/244 onment matic, non-d the primary al inspection hat are norm ery of a vid ary tests and

operation at M at the cost Gamma Sp 08/3041) Fu nt blem of lack oactivity in ts. um conveyor mma spectr conveyor. F ddition, the mmissioning cific activity nd sorting o e handling o 0; training a nanced by S doscope for 48) Funded destructive t y systems, a ns and reco mally not ac deo-endosco d approvals t KNPP in O of 0,5 MSE pectromete unded by th k of equipm drums and c Th cor fall inc ma del me for me on dru low ate rometer inte Four portabl e project has g. The equip y content an of the waste of the waste and commis SSM and the Visual Insp d by the Swe testing of st video-endo rdings of th cessible. ope from a S . The equip October 201 EK. er for Wast e Swedish M ment to enab canisters co is project ai rrecting this l and theref cluded the d anufacturing livery of equ ent and softw r gamma spe etric measur compacted ums contain w- and interm e level solid egrated with le dose rate s provided o pment make nd the presc e packages i e and its stor

ssion-he cost pec-edish team oscope he com-Swedish pment 10.The te Shop Minis-ble the ontain-imed at s short-fore design, g and uip-ware ectro-rements d waste ning rmedi-waste. h a meters on-site es it cribed in order orage. SSM 2011:23

The pro SSM at  A large control are curr of radio The pro equipm coverin ding, th waste d drums w Plastic sh The pro ered in 2011. F early 20 1,2 MS  Graphit cessitat ensure as a mo oject was co t the cost of Kola NPP (on-going) of the Envi e amount of lled areas (w rently store oactivity. oject compr ment for volu

ng as well a he granulate drums and f will then be hredder oject covers September Final tests, t 011. The pr SEK. Leningrad for Gas Ci going) (SS the Environ te moderate ting specific higher degr oderator in t ompleted in f 3 MSEK. (KNPP) – (SSM 2008 ironment f contaminat which have b d under risk rises the des ume reducti s other simi ed PVC mat further comp e sealed and s also testing 2010 and th training and roject is fina d NPP (LNP ircuit Onlin M 2009/266 nment ed reactors o c safety che rees of safet the reactor i 8 n December Plastic Shr 8/3038) Fun ted PVC flo been replac ky condition sign, manuf ion of the co ilar materia terial will b pacted by th d measured g and traini the installati d the approv anced by SS PP) – Supp ne Monitor 68) Funded of the type R ecks that hav

ty. The mon is a crucial 2010 and w redder for nded by the oor-covering ced by epox ns that may facturing an ontaminated ls. As a resu e transferre he drum com in the gamm

ing. The har ion work wi val process a SM and the ply of Analy ring System d by the Swe RMBK are ve to be per nitoring of t safety comp was financed Waste Sho Swedish M g materials y painted fl lead to the d delivery o d PVC floor ult of the sh d to 200 lite mpactor. Th ma spectrom w an m be tra po an po in in di w sto rdware was ill be ongoin are planned cost amoun ytical Equi m (GCOMS edish Minist notorious fo rformed in o the graphite ponent. Dev d by op Ministry from loors) spread of r- hred-er he meter, weighed nd marked efore ans-orted to nd dis-osed of n the nterme-iate waste orage. deliv-ing in d for nts to ipment S) (on-stry of for ne-order to e used viations SSM 2011:23

from no position warnin The int tracts w GOW-M to be in USD an and LN ment at  In 2010 ation an cussed tions an ards at clude th The pro KSEK.  The pro ormal opera n in the pre g indication troductory s will be signe MAC, Beth n June 2011 nd is financ NPP 164 360 t Russia’s o Implemen (on-going) of the Envi 0, SSM initi nd maintena the ways in nd guideline LNPP. The he transfer o oject is fina Leningrad Service W by the Swe oject began ation may le sence of hu n of errors th steps were ta ed in 2011. hlehem, USA . The total c ced by both 0 USD. Ros other RMBK ntation of R (SSM 2011 ironment iated a pilot ance work. n which Swe es that woul e project wil of software anced by SS d NPP (LNP Water System edish Minist in 2009 and 9 ead to the re umidity and hat need to aken in 201 The equipm A and the d cost for the SSM/STUK senergoatom K reactors in Risk Monito 1/1064) Fun t study on ri Experts fro edish exper ld be used t ll continue i and trainin SM and the f PP) – New m (on-going try of the E d covers the and proc water pu tor cooli The exis severe e lems du material enced ne reliabilit The proj through the same two pum and app ered to L elease of ga impurities c be correcte 10 and it is f ment will be delivery to L project amo K 426 750 U m will instal n Smolensk oring at LN nded by the isk monitor om Russia an rts could rev to validate t in the years ng from Swe funding dur Cooling W g) (SSM 20 nvironment e elaboratio curement of umps that ar ing circuit. sting pumps erosion and e to inappro ls. These pr egatively on ty of the pu ject has bee

two separa e Swedish s mps were m roved in Jul LNPP in Au

ses and thei can give ear

d. foreseen tha e delivered b LNPP is esti ounts to 591 USD (2,7 M ll similar eq . NPP Unit 1 Swedish M ing of LNP nd Sweden view the ins he safety st to come an eden to LNP ring 2010 w Water Pump 09/1939) Fu t n of specifi f four new c re part of th s suffered fr corrosion p opriate selec oblems hav n the capaci umps. en implemen te contracts supplier. Th anufactured ly 2010 and ugust 2010. ir com- rly-at con-by imated 1 110 MSEK) quip-Ministry PP oper- dis- struc- tand-nd in-PP. was 528 ps for unded ications cooling he reac-from prob-ction of ve influ-ity and nted s with he first d, tested d SSM 2011:23

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e parts. Ros cide on furth ly in those w Leningrad Waste Issu Swedish M roject has th

ow- and int ences have b categorizati as monitor en executed knowledge, oject started phase to the Project Dev meets two tim

on future act t of the proj ce Criteria. ped under th r to facilitat as also cont category at of LNPP staff on lled by LNP o pumps wil ally betwee ounts to 11,5 senergoatom her installat where seawa d NPP (LNP ues (on-goin Ministry of th he purpose o termediate l been transfe ion, minimi ring and doc

through a n software de d in 2007, an

project and velopment G mes per yea tivities. ect a semin Moreover, t he auspices te the tracki tributed to t t LNPP, wh

n the use of new

10 PP staff at th ll be deliver en LNPP an 5 MSEK an m will asses tions at othe ater is used PP) – Coop ng) (SSM 2 he Environm of improvin level waste erred to LNP zation and h cumentation number of s evelopment nd in 2010 d let it conti Group with ar to discuss nar was held the adaption of the IAEA ing and safe the introduc hich is inten w waste docume he earliest c red in 2011. nd SSM. nd also inclu ss the pumps er nuclear p as a coolan peration on 2010/1159) F ment ng the manag at the Russi PP and has handling of n of the mat sub-tasks co and supply it was decid inue till 201 h members f s the results d in Sweden n of the SA A has been e handling o ction of the ded to allow waste w els of r their si change tween NPP, I LNPP arrange budget about 1 entation softwar convenience . The projec udes the del

s once insta power plants nt. n Radioactiv Funded by t gement of o ian NPPs. S resulted in f radioactive terials. The ontaining the y of hardwar ded to add a 12 if resourc from LNPP of the proje n on Waste A FRAN softw installed at of nuclear w “very low le w for the sto

with minim radioactivity ite. Visits to e experience the Chernob gnalina NP have also b ed. The tota t for 2010 w 1 MSEK. re e in ct has livery alled s; par-ive the opera-Swedish inputs e waste project he trans-re. an addi-ces al-and ect and Ac-ware t LNPP waste. evel orage of mal lev-y at o ex-es be-byl PP and been al SSM was SSM 2011:23

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 Deterministic- & Probabilistic analyses in cooperation with

Rostechnadzor, (RTN) (on-going) (SSM 2011-1066) Funded

by the Swedish Ministry of the Environment

In 2010, SSM and the Russian regulatory authority Rostechnadzor (RTN) initiated discussions concerning the uses of deterministic and propabilistic analyses (DSA and PSA) for reactor safety. At a meeting in November 2010, a list of proposals was established on cooperation areas where RTN and SSM can implement safety measures during 2011 and 2012. The funding spent in 2010 amounts to 74 KSEK.

 Participation as Swedish representation on behalf of

Minis-try of Environment in the IAEA Contact Expert Group (CEG) (on-going) (SSM 2008/2026) Funded by the Swedish

Ministry of the Environment

The CEG promotes international cooperation to assist the Russian Federation in addressing nuclear legacy issues, such as radioactive wastes and spent nuclear fuel. Swedish presentations have been made at one workshop on “Removal of Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF) and Radi-oactive Waste (RW) from Andreeva Bay” and “Strategies for Han-dling Sunken Objects Containing SNF in the Arctic Ocean”, as well as at the CEG Plenary meeting.

The CEG comprises 15 Member States. The CEG does not implement or coordinate as such any tasks and work in Russia. But the CEG is a highly influential forum for the promotion of nuclear legacy issues in Russia and in third countries. One of the main areas where the CEG has served as a venue and forum for discussions is the decommission-ing of the nuclear submarines, which is almost completed together with the preparatory works for removal of spent nuclear fuel and radi-oactive waste from the former nuclear submarine service bases at An-dreeva Bay and Gremikha Bay. The SSM costs during 2010 for the participation in the various meetings and contributing with Swedish expertise was 250 KSEK.

 Technical & Economic Study of Options for Management

of Spent Nuclear Fuel in the Russian Federation (on-going)

(SSM 2009/276) Funded by the Swedish Ministry of the Envi-ronment

In cooperation with Rosatom and its subsidiary, the Federal Center for Nuclear Radiation Safety (FCNRS) and several other Russian organi-zations, SSM is studying alternative options for managing Russia’s spent nuclear fuel (SNF) generated at Russian nuclear power plants. Three different scenarios are studied: reprocessing (current praxis), direct disposal (Swedish solution) and a combination of the two previ-ous options. The project is expected to contribute to the adoption of a long-term Russian strategy for the management of spent nuclear fuel

12

and radioactive waste as required by the Joint Convention on the

Safe-ty of Spent Nuclear Fuel Management and the SafeSafe-ty of Radioactive Waste Management. The Russian activities are financed by the

Feder-al Programme through Rosatom. The Russian costs are in the order of 5 MUSD. The costs for SSM in 2009 and 2010 were 3.47 and

6.13 MSEK respectively.

 Strategy, Concept and Activities for Disposal of

Radioac-tive Waste in the Russian Federation (on-going) (SSM

2008/1432 and 2010/4291) Funded by the Swedish Ministry of the Environment

A Russian strategy for disposal of nuclear radioactive waste and its implementation are the objects of a cooperation activity between SSM, the Russian Academy of Sciences Nuclear Safety Institute (IBRAE) and the newly established Rosatom Federal State Unitarian Enterprise (RosRAO). SSM is supporting the preparation of three new federal laws on: radioactive waste management spent nuclear fuel as well as the management and decommissioning of radioactive waste. The Russian activities are financed by the Federal Programme through Rosatom. The cost for SSM during 2010 was 1 MSEK.

1.2. N  In 2010 Yushno Working G In earli Ukrain was app analyze In 2010 safety f and com SSM m SNRCU During Nuclear Sa Cooperati NPP (SUN (SSM 2008 Affairs 0, SSM con o-Ukransk N Group meeting N ier stages of ian experts plied. In tot ed as part of 0, the Ukrai factors. Two mments pro made a prese U. The proj g 2010, SSM afety Proj on with En NPP) Unit 1 8/1694) Fun tinued its co NPP in the t NDT f the project and then la tal there are f a full PSR inian partne o of these w ovided by th entation of t ect is sched M spent 7 M 13 jects in U nergoatom 1, Periodic nded by the ooperation w transfer of a t, the metho ater the acqu e 14 “safety R. ers submitte were comple he Swedish the project t duled to be c MSEK on the Ukraine and the Yu Safety Rev Swedish M with Energo a methodolo ny of re method “PSR”, Safety R it is a m the safe ken dow segmen each of studied before t togethe odology was uired knowl factors” wh d seven rep eted in term experts. In N to the Ukrai completed i e PSR proje ushno-Ukra view (on-goi Ministry for F oatom and t ogy for the s eactor safety dology is cal or, “Period Review”. In method by w ety issues ar wn into vari nts or issues f these are th d and evalua they are we er. s introduced edge and m hich have to orts for sev ms of the rev November 2 inian author n early 201 ct. ainsk ing) Foreign the scruti-y. This alled dic n short which re bro-ious s and hen ated eighed d to the method o be ven view 2010, rity, 2. SSM 2011:23

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2. Radiation Protection and Emergency

Preparedness: An Overview

The radiation protection and emergency preparedness projects have been implemented in Russia, Ukraine and Georgia in 2010. One EU-project still remains in this field that concerns cooperation with Lithu-ania. In Russia, activities have mainly been directed towards a couple of facilities in the Murmansk region that used to house important nu-clear naval bases, but where today there remains only radioactive ma-terials and high degrees of contamination of the environment. The focus during the 2010 was the delivery of training and equipment for radiation control and monitoring at these sites as well as the protection of staff working there.

The largest number of projects in radiation protection and emergency preparedness has been carried out in Ukraine. There are two groups of projects funded by Sida and the Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs respectively. Two of the four Sida projects relate to uranium mining and concern radiation protection of uranium miners as well as the re-mediation of tailings from the processing of the uranium ore. The oth-er two concoth-ern quality assurance and quality control of radiation pro-tection in medical use as well as propro-tection from natural radioactivity stemming from radon. There are three projects funded by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs. SSM has provided assistance to Ukrainian author-ities in a number of legislative areas to upgrade national regulations and adapt them to EU-standards and international recommendations. For instance there is a project that focussed specifically on environ-mental monitoring in Ukraine and how its legal dimensions can be strengthened. Other activities concern emergency preparedness in the Mykolaiv region where the Yushno-Ukrainsk NPP is situated. During 2010, SSM conducted a pilot project in Georgia to identify possible development needs in the area of quality assurance and quali-ty control in the field of medical applications. The project led to the development of a project proposal with broader cooperation on the issues.

2.1. R  This pr dreeva Murma ment C frames ment th NWC S agemen benefic The pro 607 KS  The obj port the tion pro PROF. Two ac ipation treatme “natura nar on t radioac was fin Radiation ness Pr Radiation Russia (on the Swedis roject aims a Bay, Cherv ansk under t Company Se stipulated i hat was bou SevRAO – N nt, Branch o ciary of this oject is fina SEK. Cooperati (completed Swedish M jective of th e developm otection pro ctivities wer in a Russia ent where S ally occurrin the regulati ctive materi nanced by th Protectio rojects in Protection n-going) RU sh Ministry at training s vyanaya Bay the Northern evRAO (NW in the contra ught for the t North-West of Federal S project. anced by the on with At d) RU-SB-M Ministry of th he project w ent of educa ovided at the re carried ou an conferenc wedish exp ng radioacti on and prac als were org he SSM and 15 on and Em n Russia n at Radioa U-SB-MD-0 of the Envi staff at the f y and Saida n Federal R WC SevRAO act, includin training cen tern Centre State Unitary e SSM and t omprof MD-03 (SSM he Environm was to excha ation and tr e Russian n ut in the fra ce on regula perts present ive material ctical implem ganized in S d the cost du mergency active Wast 02 (SSM 20 ronment former subm a Bay and ot Radioactive O). ng the deliv nter at the A for Radioac y Enterprise the funding M 2010/247 ment ange experie raining prog non-profit N amework of ation of rad ted regulatio ls”; and in N mentation o St. Petersbu uring 2010 w y Prepare e Facilities 10/746) Fun marine bases ther sites ne Waste Man To t isfac SSM SevR sem and ing c for 2 were plem acco to ti very of all eq Andreeva Ba ctive Waste e "RosRAO during 201 7) Funded by ences and to grammes on NGO, ATOM the project ioactive wa ons on wast November a of the cleara urg. The proj was 112 KS ed-s in NW nded by s, An-ear nage-the sat-ction of M and RAO, minars train-courses 2010 e im-mented ording ime quip-ay Site. e Man-O" is the 0 was y the o sup-n radia- M-: partic-aste te from a semi-ance of oject SEK. SSM 2011:23

 This pr docume dreeva functio fuel at t Technical The do State E The ben dreeva organiz been en  In coor and Ital at the S nuclear the Eur determ waste g west Ru framew Rehabilita on the Det MD-07 (SS the Environ roject compr entation for Bay site. T on in the retr the site. Th l Steering Group cumentation Expert Revie neficiary on Bay site un zation taske ngaged in th Introducti egory and dreeva Ba dish Minist rdination wi ly, SSM im SevRAO sit r clean-up a ropean Bank

ines the ove generated by ussia, inclu work and en ation Work tailed Desig SM 2008/12 nment rises the de r the constru he building rieval proce e project is p meeting regar n to comple ew was fina n the Russia nder Rosatom d with man his project. ion of the “ the Develo y (ongoing) try of the En ith other don mplements a e in Andree activities in k for Recon erall solutio y decommis ding the mo vironmenta 16 ks at the An gn of Build 290) Funded evelopment uction of “B g and its infr ess of radioa

a British –

rding technical p

ete the desig alized in 201 an side is Se m. Moreove naging main “Very Low opment of L ) (SSM 201 nvironment nor countrie project rela eva Bay. Th north-west nstruction an on for spent ssioning nu odernization al remediatio ndreeva Ba ing 153 (on d by the Sw of all the ne Building 153 rastructure w active waste Swedish co

progress for pro

gn and to ob 10. evRAO - Op er, FCNRS nly internatio Level Was Landfill Re 0/2713) Fu t es such as th ated to mana he Strategic Russia (SM nd Develop nuclear fue clear subma n of the lega on of the sit y Site with n-going) RY wedish Minis ecessary des 3” within th will have a k e and spent ollaboration the Br fundin provid Depar of Ene and C Chang SSM’ tributi 25 % cost o contra ojects at Andree btain the Ru perator of th Rosatom’s onal project ste”, VLLW epositories nded by the he UK, Nor agement of Master Plan MP), finance ment (EBR el and radioa arines in No al and regul tes. As part h Focus Y-SB-stry of sign he An-key nuclear n where ritish ng is ded by rtment ergy Climate ge. ’s con-ion is of the of the act. eva Bay ussian he An-project ts has W, Cat-at An-e SwAn-e- Swe-rway f VLLW n for ed by RD), active orth-latory of the SSM 2011:23

Master low lev recomm den. A feasi was com underw special the deta longed which i design  The pro and Ru Sweden Radiois lightho leads th 20 RTG helicop lightho Novem mainin already The pro Removal Plan it is p vel waste” (V mendations ibility study mpleted and way under co ized design ailed design and modifi is more suit is expected Decommis moelectric Funded by oject was in ussia was sig

n in Septem sotope (Stro ouses located he project. Gs were pla pter compan ouses to the mber 2010, it g 10 RTGs y planned fo oject is fina of RTG by helic roposed to i VLLW), wh of the IAEA y for the firs

d the detaile ooperation b n bureau VN

n of the first ied for anoth table for con d to be finali ssioning an c Generator the Swedis nitiated by N gned in 200 mber 2010. T ontium) The d on the Ru anned to be r ny in charge ships only g t was only p will be rem or that year. anced by NR copter 17 introduce la hich is in lin A and long-st VLLW la ed design an between SS NIPIET. In 2 t VLLW lan her location nstruction, t ized in 2012 nd Replacem rs (RTGs) sh Ministry Norway and 09. Finland j The project ermoelectric ussian shore replaced du e of transpor got permiss possible to r moved in 20 RPA (Norw andfill repos ne with the -established andfill repos nd working SM, FCNRS 2010 the exi ndfill reposi n at the And than the firs 2. ment of Ra (on-going) of the Envi d the contrac joined the p comprises t c Generator s of the Bal uring 2010. rting the RT sion from Ro remove 10 R 11 together ay), STUK (Sweden Region ( contribu in 2010, MSEK i MSEK i ject is es 2012 wi tion of th repositor sitories for recently ad d practice in sitory in Rus documenta S, and the R isting contra itory was pr dreeva Bay s st chosen sit dioisotope (SSM 2009 ronment ct between N project in 20 the removal rs (RTGs) in ltic Sea. No However, a TGs from th ostechnadzo RTGs. The with the 18 (Finland), S n) and Murm (Russia). SS ution was 7 M and will be n 2011 and n 2012. The stimated to e th the transp he last RTG ry at Mayak “very dopted n Swe-ssia ation is Russian ract for ro-site, te. The Ther-9/4744) Norway 009 and l of the n the 87 orway as the he or in re-8 RTGs SSM mansk SM’s MSEK e 7 d 4 e pro-end in porta-G to the k. SSM 2011:23

2.2. R  The obj Ukrain ments. several stance t radioac 2010 am  Uranium of the 1 prise Pr metallu nium o contam jective tions th as well safety a was 58 Geologica 11 52,6 19,7 65,4 2008 13,459,6 108 76,2 48 tIVh vd II-III a I-III pz Radiation ness Pr Legislation (on-going) Swedish M jective of th ian legislati The second l achieveme the develop ctive materi mounted to Remediati (on-going) m mining w 1940s to the ridneprovsk urgical facil res from 19 mination of s of this proj hrough the r as organisa analysis and 1 KSEK. al cross-section 0.684,4 62.65 23,5 77,05 7.2 61,9 23,0 65,9 2008 11,0 59,4 25,5 60,27 1,8 6051 72,47 112 84,30 6594 1385,05 01001 65 tIVh vd a I-III - man-made ground; - waste of uranium production; - loamy sand; - sand; - granite, amphibolite; - groundwater level. Legend Protectio rojects in n Support t UA-SB-UD Ministry for F his project i ion and the d phase of th ents were rep ped and appr

als. The pro 394 KSEK ion of Uran UA-SB-SI-was intensiv e beginning ky Chemica ities in the f 948 until 19 substantial a ect is to gui remediation ational prob d remediatio

and map of gam

3.4 89,8 60.6 32.6 69 2008 57.6 35.6 1.588,4 61.7 28,2 59,7 30,2 16,0 73,9 89,9 6553a 118 93,2 1ci tIVh II-III pz 18 on and Em n Ukraine to Authorit D-04 (SSM Foreign Aff is to support regulatory he project w ported by th roved natio oject is finan K. nium Tailin -03 (SSM 2 vely conduc of the 1990 al Plant (PC former Sov 91. These a areas with r ide the Ukra n processes, blems. In 20 on methods mma-dose rate 0.3 102.7 68.3 34.7 70,2 2008 98 103 107 mergency ties, Phase 2010248) F ffairs t the harmo system to E was started i he end of th nal regulati nced SSM a ngs in Ukra 2010/569) F ted in Ukra 0s. The Stat hP) was one iet Union, a activities hav radioactive r ainian respo with respec 010, the focu . The fundin

for tailing “Cen

y Prepare 2 Funded by t nization of European req in early 201 he year, for i on on clear and the fund

aine

Funded by S ine from the e Industrial e of the larg and processe ve resulted residues. Th onsible orga ct to both te us has been ng during 2 tralny Yar” ed-the quire-10 and in-rance of ding in Sida e end l Enter-gest ed ura-in the he ob- anisa-echnical n on 2010 SSM 2011:23

 The obj effort a the dev ronmen meeting and we vestiga but due decided Ukrain project ject at a  This pr Ukrain al prepa laev an Exercise s Support to of Environ 2 (complet Swedish M jective of th as concerns velopment o ntal radiatio gs were hel eb-site desig ation of the p e to a confli d to pause th ian national remain pos a later date. Emergenc (on-going) Swedish M roject started ian emergen aredness rel nd Uppsala C start in NPP sim o the Impro nmental Ra ed) UA-SB Ministry for F he project w environmen of sustainabl on monitorin d: an incept gn meeting a practical im ct among th he project u l hierarchy h ssible and S The fundin cy Prepared UA-SB-UD Ministry for F d in 2006 an ncy prepare lated to NPP County in S mulator 19 ovement an adiation M -UD-02 (SS Foreign Aff was to streng ntal radiatio le mechanis ng system in tion meeting and a nation mplementatio he involved until better-d have been r SSM hopes t ng during 20 dness Coop D-03 (SSM Foreign Aff nd the objec edness. In 20 P accidents Sweden wer nd Practica onitoring in SM 2010/24 ffairs gthen the na on monitorin sms for imp n Ukraine. D g, a public c nal concept on of monit Ukrainian defined role resolved. Th to be able to 010 was 107 peration wit 2010/246) ffairs ctive is to st 010, the foc , and both t re chosen to enc was ced men pub the diff the fun dur KS al Impleme n Ukraine, 49) Funded ational coop ng and to su plementing a During 2010 communica meeting. A toring was s authorities, es within the he objective o resume the 7 KSEK. th Ukraine Funded by trengthen th cus was on r he region M exchange e ces. The emp

s on practic dures for me

nts, informa blic etc, but organisatio ferences bet countries. T nding alloca ring 2010 w EK. entation , phase by the peration upport an envi-0, three ation An in-started, SSM e es of the he pro-e the he region- Myko- experi-mphasis cal pro- easure-ation to t also on onal tween The ated was 424 SSM 2011:23

 The pro don risk support don Pro The traini The ma The fun  This pr tions in plicatio The ma Reduction Natural R 2009/609) oject’s obje k reduction t the introdu ogramme in ng course in Kie ain achievem  four ou oped, c  radon m were st  the Sw cording nding durin Improvem trol (QC) i SI-01 (SSM roject aims a n the implem on of ionizin ain achievem n of Risks C Radiation, P Funded by ctive is to d at both nati uction of the n the country ev on radon risk ments of the ut of five tra conducted an measuremen tarted in the edish “Rado g to the proj g 2010 was ment of Qua in Medical M 2009/863 at supportin mentation of ng radiation ments durin 20 Caused by E Phase 2 (on-Sida develop com tional and re e Ukrainian y. k reduction e project in aining packa and evaluate nts and data e autumn; on Book” w ject plan. s 619 KSEK ality Assura Radiology ) Funded by ng the Ukrai f quality ass n and was st ng 2010 wer Exposure to -going) UA mpetence an egional auth n Governme 2010 were ages on rado ed; a collection was translate K. ance (QA) y, Phase 2 (o y Sida inian author surance (QA tarted in ear re as follow o Radon G A-SB-SI-02 ( nd capacity o hority levels ent’s Nation as follows: on were dev in a pilot re ed into Russ and Qualit on-going) U rities and or A) in medic rly 2010. s: Gas and (SSM on ra-s and to nal Ra- vel-egion sian ac-ty Con- UA-SB- rganisa-cal ap-SSM 2011:23

One me also de rience g  This pr Radiati pol Nat SSM an compan  several the stak  educati of regu  several ters we tient do  Ukrain univers and Lit In addi in radia trained ethodologic veloped. Se gained. The Improvem (on-going) Swedish M roject aims a ion Control tional Unive nd SNUNE ny submitte l analytical r keholders; ion courses ulatory docu l experts inv ere trained in

oses was sup ian experts sity program thuania; tion, 20 rad ation therap at SSM for cal documen everal scien e funding du ment of Rad UA-SB-UD Ministry for F at supportin System at R ersity for N I created a s ed technical 21 reports wer were given umentation f volved in th n Sweden a pported; obtained de mmes for me diologists w py and two i r two weeks nt for qualit ntific articles uring 2010 a diation Prot D-01 (SSM Foreign Aff ng the recon Research R Nuclear Ener scope for th design doc re completed n on the use for QA imp he developm and the natio etailed infor edical phys were trained inspectors fr s. ty control of s were publ amounted to tection at S 2009/1964 fairs nstruction of eactor IR-1 rgy and Indu he project an cumentation d and presen and develop plementation ment of dose onal survey rmation on t icists in Sw on quality c from SNRCU f equipment ished on the o 638 KSEK SNUNEI ) Funded by f the Autom 00 at the Se ustry. In 20 nd the contr n to the Ukra nted to opment n; e regis-on pa-the weden control U were t was e expe-K. y the mated evasto-010, racting ainian SSM 2011:23

regulat issued b  The go collecti radiatio The SSM The Mi ject coo ing and for the The pro KSEK. ory authorit by the autho Radiation Mining Fa Funded by al and outco ive doses to on protectio

visit to the Ingu

inistry of Fu ordinator an d Ore-Dress mines and t oject is fina

ties for auth orities. Protection acilities (on-Sida ome of the p o uranium m on procedure uljskaya mine in

uel and Ene nd the benef ing Combin their suppor anced by Sid 22 horization. I n for Worke -going) UA project are miners by m es and dosim n July 2010

ergy (of Ukr ficiaries are ne, which ar rting enterp da and the fu In January 2 ers at Oper A-SB-SI-04 to achieve a eans of imp metry estim T p m g t d m i s m a j raine) is the e VostGOK re the mana prises. funding duri 2011, a licen rational Ur (SSM 2009 a reduction provement o mations to w Training wi provided at manual and gerial levels the facilities diation prot measures w introduced i selected ura mines in Uk as part of th ject. e operator an - Vostochn aging organi ing 2010 wa nse was ranium 9/610) of the of the workers. ill be both d mana-s within s. Ra-tection will be in two anium kraine he nd pro-ny Min-izations as 130 SSM 2011:23

2.3. R  During current of qual tions of introdu eral reg quality ing and study v The Geor These a broader 191 KS Radiation ness Pr Project De (SSM 2009 Affairs g 2010, SSM t situation an ity assuranc f radiation. uctory meeti gulatory issu control in S d inspection visit of Geor

rgian study visit

activities led r cooperatio SEK. Protectio rojects in evelopment 9/3984) Fun M conducted nd identify ce and quali The project ing took pla ues and the Sweden; sec n of medical rgian Nucle to the Sahlgren d to the dev on on the iss 23 on and Em n Georgia t in Georgi nded by the d a pilot pro possible de ity control ( t consisted o ace with Ge implementa condly, a se l establishm ear and Radi

nska University velopment o sues. The fu mergency a (complete Swedish M oject in Geor evelopment (QA/QC) in of three acti orgian stake ation of qua eminar was ments; and th iation Safet Hospital of a project p unding spen y Prepare ed) GE-SB-U Ministry for F rgia to desc needs in the n medical ap ivities: first eholders on ality assuran held on the hirdly there y Services a Ministr Health Social represe tives to Gothen and Sa ska Un ty Hosp Swede practic demon of QA/ system proposal wi nt during 20 ed--UD-01 Foreign cribe the e area pplica-tly, an n gen-nce and e licens-was a and the try of h Labor affairs enta-o nburg ahlgren- niversi-spital in en for cal nstration /QC m. ith 010 was SSM 2011:23

24

3. Nuclear Non-Proliferation: An Overview

Since the middle of the 1990s, Russia and Sweden have successfully cooperated in the field of nuclear non-proliferation. During the initial phase the focus was on two priorities: to strengthen the regulatory and supervisory role of the Russian nuclear oversight authority Gosatom-nadzor (now the RostechGosatom-nadzor), and to improve specific physical protection measures for nuclear material at facilities in Murmansk and Arkhangelsk regions. Later the Swedish efforts were expanded to oth-er non-prolifoth-eration areas, such as nuclear matoth-erial accountancy, com-batting of illicit trafficking and enhancement of human resource ca-pacity.

The non-proliferation project activities in Russia are directed both to the regions neighbouring Sweden - the Murmansk Region, St Peters-burg and Kaliningrad; and those with significant nuclear infrastruc-tures – near Tomsk and Yekaterinburg. The non-proliferation priori-ties are strongly determined by the international frameworks, agree-ments and initiatives related to strengthening the international non-proliferation regime (such as G-8 Global Partnership Against the Spread of Weapons and Materials of Mass Destruction, United Na-tions Security Council Resolution 1540, EU Strategy Against Spread of Weapons of Mass Destruction and others). The relationship be-tween the SSM non-proliferation projects and the international in-struments plays an important role during the projects identification and implementation process. SSM coordinates its efforts with the rel-evant international programmes, with a number of projects imple-mented in a close partnership or under a division of labour with part-ners from the USA, UK and Norway.

During 2010, good progress has been made in most projects. Most activities were continuation of earlier established frameworks between the SSM and Russian partners. Well-established and constructive rela-tionships with the counterparts in Russia have contributed to a produc-tive cooperation and posiproduc-tive outcomes. Some delays were experi-enced mostly due to complicated technical certification procedures and administrative hurdles.

Sweden and Ukraine have almost twenty-year long history of produc-tive cooperation in the nuclear non-proliferation area. The first efforts were launched in the beginning of 1990s and were directed at support-ing the Ukrainian implementation process under the commitments of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). Swe-den was one of the first donors States willing to share its

non-proliferation know-how and providing support on legal issues and technical verification measures. Most of the Swedish efforts in

Ukraine have facilitated the development of a sustainable state-system for nuclear material accountancy (SSAC) – a national mechanism to

25

control nuclear materials in a non-nuclear weapon State, which Ukraine became in 1994 by signing the NPT obligations. SSAC con-stitutes a part of the advanced international nuclear material verifica-tion system called safeguards under the management of the IAEA. Cooperation on legal framework regulating physical protection, com-batting illicit trafficking and export control have constituted other are-as of the Swedish-Ukrainian collaboration. Technical support hare-as been provided for the installation of the physical protection system at a nu-clear research facility. During the past couple of years, the Swedish foreign policy has emphasized the need for Ukraine to adapt to the EU legal framework as a basic requirement for receiving Swedish assis-tance. The SSM follows also commitments under the EU initiatives and strategies against the proliferation of weapons of mass destruc-tion, as well as the related EU-Ukrainian frameworks and statements on fostering cooperation and assistance in the field of

non-proliferation. The partnership is based on mutual understanding and constructive dialogue, and the exchange of expertise between SSM and Ukrainian partners have been a guarantee for achieving good re-sults for the implementation of projects.

Projects are coordinated with the major international non-proliferation programmes acting in Ukraine, i.e. the USA Export Control and Bor-der Security programme and the EU-outreach activities in export con-trol area managed by the German Federal Office of Economics and Export Control (BAFA). The Finnish National Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK) has been a valuable partner in regards to safeguards-related projects. Expertise from the Center for Internation-al Trade and Security at the University of Georgia has facilitated the implementation of export control activities.

During 2010, good progress has been made. Most of the activities are a continuation of earlier established frameworks between the SSM and the Ukrainian partners. The main administrative hurdles causing some implementation delays in 2009 were solved, though some limited de-viations from the planned timeframe also occurred during 2010. Recent cases of smuggling of nuclear and radioactive materials in Georgia have highlighted that nuclear materials in the former Soviet Union are smuggled through the region's borders, and across the terri-tory of Georgia. Therefore, it is of vital importance to strengthen the protection against illicit trafficking of nuclear materials in Georgia by increasing capacity of inspections in the most critical regions. The Georgian Nuclear Regulatory Agency, NRSS, based in Tbilisi, lacks adequate staff, equipment and relevant training to bring its regulatory system in line with IAEA standards to effectively control radioactive sources in the country. To improve the NRSS response capacity in Western Georgia, it was necessary to establish an operation base / regional office (NRSS Western Office) in the town of Poti through

financi vide pe The est been sp new bu spectio fund th fice. In 2008 address rial acc project (ANRA ancy, a control timefra Affairs al support i ermanent po tablishment ponsored by uilding and p ons. In coop hat covers sa 8, Armenia s concrete n countancy a s: one in as A) to improv and the seco

l issues. Bot ame for coop

expired.

n order to m osts for two

t and operati y the U.S. D purchasing eration with alaries for th and Sweden non-prolifera nd export. S sisting the A ve the natio ond to facilit th projects w peration set 26 maintain ope local inspe tions of NRS Department o relevant eq h the US, SS he two insp n initiated a ation challe Sweden con Armenian N onal system tate informa were accom t by the Swe erational ex ctors. SS Western of State thro quipment for SM contribu ectors locat a three-year enges regard ncentrated it Nuclear Reg for nuclear ation dissem mplished in 2 edish Minis xpenses and n Office in P ough financ r office and utes to a NR ted in the Po collaborati ding nuclear ts efforts on gulatory Age material ac mination on 2010 as the stry for Fore

d pro-Poti has cing the d in-RSS oti Of-ion to r mate-n two ency ccount-export eign SSM 2011:23

27

3.1. Non-Proliferation Projects in Russia

 Development of Nuclear Materials Accountancy System at

the Chepetsk Mechanical Plant, Glazov, Udmurtia (on-going) (SSM 2008/242)

The Chepetsk Mechanical Plant (CMP) has the world’s largest pro-duction capacity for extracting natural uranium. However, the meas-urements of the incoming and produced materials have for decades been insufficient and as a consequence there are discrepancies be-tween inventories and recordings of nuclear material. Having in mind the size and importance of CMP for nuclear materials control in Rus-sia, SSM has chosen to provide assistance to improve its measurement capabilities and nuclear materials accountancy system at the plant. As natural uranium is an early stage of uranium production, an accurate control at CMP can have positive consequences for the control of later stages of the fuel cycle at other facilities.

A contract has been signed with a Russian company the development of the computerized nuclear materials accountancy system at CMP and its technical specifications (TS) have been developed. The inten-tion is that the TS will serve as the basis for a call for tenders in 2011.

 Development of Measurement Capabilities for Nuclear

Materials Accountancy at the Chepetsk Mechanical Plant, Glazov, Udmurtia (on-going) (SSM 2008/241)

The delivery of gamma spectrometry equipment to CMP, which was initiated in 2009, has not been accomplished in 2010 due to difficul-ties caused by new Russian legislation for certification of this type of equipment. The delay has now been solved and the delivery and Site Acceptance Test are expected to take place in June 2011. This will allow for a qualitative measurement of the incoming materials to the plant and outgoing materials to other facilities.

 A new agenda for a further cooperation with the authority

Rostechadzor (RTN) on national regulatory and oversight aspects, and implementation of the international norms and obligations for security of nuclear material and radio-active sources (on-going) (SSM 2008/1499)

Between 1998 and 2008, the Swedish Nuclear Power Inspectorate (SKI) and the RTN had a broad collaboration on legal bases regulating nuclear non-proliferation area. In 2010, the SSM and the RTN identi-fied a new agenda for a further cooperation concerning nuclear non-proliferation. The aim is to strengthen the state regulatory and control mechanism within the nuclear non-proliferation field as well as to

favour ities on A joint vember plemen and sec materia During Rosene shared duct of ment to Based o further field. E regulat for 201 The pro and the  Atomfl mainten plays a and rad fuel shi rines. T active m has a h Serebry internationa n regulatory t Russian-Sw r 2010 with ntation of th curity of rad al. g those five i ergoatom) a their nation f Safety and o the Conve on the resul steps of coo Exchange of ory aspects 1. oject is fina e funding du Further pr tection of t Murmansk lot is the Ru nance and t a key role in dioactive wa ipments fro To reduce th materials, th igh priority yanka with al experienc issues conc wedish work the aim to he internatio dioactive sou intensive da and Sweden nal practices d Security of ention of Ph lts of the wo operation w f experience of nuclear anced by the uring 2010 w rogress for the vessel S k (on-going ussian civili echnical rep n the manage aste in the n m decommi he threat of he improvem y. The SSM modernizat 28 ce exchange cerning nuc rkshop took exchange e onal legal in urces and p ays experts (SSM, For s for implem f Radioactiv hysical Prote orkshop the within the nu e between n security has e Swedish M was 352 KS r the impro Serebryank g) (SSM 200 ian icebreak pair facility ement and s northwest of missioned an sabotage an ment of the has chosen tion of its ph e between th clear and rad

placet in St xperience o nstruments r physical pro from Russi smark Nucl mentation of ve Sources, ection of Nu RTN and S uclear secur national regu s been prop Ministry of t SEK. vement of t ka at Atom 08/2444) ker fleet with y in Murman storage of sp f Russia as w d dismantle nd theft of n physical pr to support hysical prot he national dioactive se The Russian-Sw Workshop in St November 2010 tockholm in on the nation regulating sa tection of n a (RTN, Ro lear Power P f the Code o and the Am uclear Mate SSM identif rity regulato ulatory bodi osed as a pr the Environ the physica flot facility h a land-bas nsk. This fac pent nuclea well as for s ed nuclear su nuclear and rotection sy the service tection syste author-ecurity. wedish tockholm, 0 n No-nal im-afety nuclear osatom, Plant) of Con- mend-erial. fied ory ies on riority nment al pro-y in sed acility ar fuel spent ubma- radio-ystem vessel em. The SSM 2011:23

29

vessel is rebuilt for transporting fresh and spent nuclear fuel contain-ing highly enriched uranium (HEU) from the decommissioned and dismantled nuclear submarines. This means that its physical protection system is one of the key links in the overall integrated physical protec-tion system for Atomflot, which includes both land-based and mobile facilities being built up with assistance from the USA, UK and Nor-way.

In 2010, the technical specifications for Serebryanka´s physical pro-tection system have been developed and finalized by Atomflot. Fur-thermore, a tender was announced for a detailed design of the physical protection system, and the procurement procedure was carried out in accordance with Russian law. Two Russian companies specializing in physical protection submitted tenders and one has been awarded the task of providing the detailed design. Delivery of the detailed project documentation is expected in May 2011.

The project is financed by the by the Swedish Ministry of the Envi-ronment and the funding during 2010 was 985 KSEK.

 Physical Protection at Leningrad RosRAO facility,

Sosno-vy Bor (on-going) (SSM 2010/1685)

Leningrad RosRAO (ex. Radon Sosnovy Bor) is a large storage site for radioactive waste situated in the Gulf of Finland, on the Baltic Sea coast. RosRAO has requested support from SSM to upgrade the phys-ical protection of their facility. Leningrad RosRAO, which is the se-cond largest in its nationwide system of 16 waste sites, is a regional waste repository for northwest Russia for medium-and low-level waste, but also for some high-level waste. High radioactive sources have been disposed there as well as some of the waste originating from the Leningrad NPP. Currently there are 60 thousand cubic me-ters of radioactive waste at the facility.

An upgrade and modernization of the physical protection for the fifty years old facility has been requested by Russian authorities. Leningrad RosRAO has already developed the documentation for the moderniza-tion of the physical protecmoderniza-tion system. In 2010, the procurement of parts of the designed modernizing of the PP system has been initiated.

 Cooperative Efforts to Combat Illicit Trafficking of

Nucle-ar and Radioactive Materials in the Murmansk Region (on-going) (SSM 2008/397)

Illicit trafficking of nuclear and radioactive materials poses a consid-erable international security concern if materials are misused by mali-cious persons or moved for acts of nuclear terrorism. One of the main objectives of the Swedish-Russian long-term cooperation is to ensure sustainability, strengthen capacity-building in prevention and

ing illic prevent Since 2 “Atomb al pilot ing of n The Russ SSM ha and pro ry, the manual sources to the R Within cit traffickin t their transp 2006, and jo bezopasnos t system on nuclear and sian-Swedish pr as also spon ocurement o design of a l for detecti s. The mobi RF Governm the scope o ng of nuclea portation to ointly with R t”, SSM ha prevention, radioactive oject team of th nsored the d of equipmen software an on, localiza ile laborator ment standa of the projec 30 ar and radio o Scandinav Rosatom’s C as supported , detection a e materials i he Murmansk pr developmen nt for a new nd the devel ation and ch ry has been ards. ct, experts f oactive mate via and othe

Coordinatio d the establis

and combati in the Murm

roject for comba

nt of the infr w mobile aut lopment of haracterizati tested and from the Ru toms Serv the Radio Exercise L Sweden. T a valuable tunity and experienc the areas o equipmen field meas Swedish r ing contam tions. erials in Rus r countries. on Centre shment of a ing illicit tra mansk regio

atting illicit traffic

rastructure, tomated lab an operator on of radioa certified acc ussian Feder vice particip logical Eme LÄRMÄT 2 The exercise e training op d an exchang e, particular of radiation nt and techni surements a regulations r mination sit ssia and a feder- affick-on. cking design borato-r’s active cording ral Cus-pated in ergency 2010 in e gave ppor-ge of arly in n survey niques, and regard- tua-SSM 2011:23

31

The project is financed by the Swedish Ministry of the Environment and the funding during 2010 was 1.764 MSEK.

 Support to the International Advanced Research

Work-shop on “Legal Framework for Strengthening Nuclear Se-curity and Combating Nuclear Terrorism” in Vienna, Jan-uary 2010 (completed) (SSM 2008/397)

The major objective of the Workshop was to promote the Nuclear Se-curity Summit, held in April 2010 in Washington and submit a report with the workshop recommendations. The workshop was organized by the Center for International Trade and Security at the University of Georgia and the Institute of World Economy and International Rela-tions of the Russian Academy of Sciences. SSM was one of the fund-ing and partnerfund-ing organizations. Over 100 international experts from more than 20 countries and different international organizations par-ticipated in the workshop and discussed ways to reduce the risk of nuclear terrorism and ensure the security of nuclear materials and fa-cilities worldwide. Sweden shared the experience gained in the Rus-sian-Swedish joint project on establishing a system for combatting of illicit trafficking in the Murmansk Region. The proceedings of the workshop are expected to be published in 2011.

The project was financed by the Swedish Ministry of the Environment and the funding during 2010 was 175 KSEK.

 Improvement of the Nuclear Non-proliferation Education

at Universities – Sustainability in Focus (on-going) (SSM

2009/716, 2010/448, 2010/1881)

The goal of the project is to provide a sustainable base for academic education on nuclear non-proliferation issues at regional universities in Russia. The project benefits also from the rapprochement between technical and policy issues of non-proliferation area.

Initiated in 2004, the project has focused so far on regions with signif-icant nuclear infrastructure and activities – the Tomsk region in Sibe-ria and the Urals. The target group are the regional academic centres, universities and the specialized nuclear fuel cycle related technologi-cal institutes that serve as an educational base for future specialists of the Russian nuclear infrastructure as well as the non-proliferation pol-icy making sector. The main SSM partners are four universities: Tomsk State University (TSU), National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University (TPU), Urals State University and Urals State Technical University. The project activities favour the wider engagement of ten other regional universities and technological institutes. The James Martin Center for Non-proliferation Studies, the IAEA and other

ternatio as inter search (2006-2 Siberia ods and summe publica prolifer TSU an velopm An inte evaluat in Ural The est (URSIB signific egy doc The SS project Coordin at the In In 2011 regiona Institut The pro and the onal experts rnational co activities at 2010) for un a was compl d theories ap er school for ations of stu ration resea nd TPU, sup ment of resea ernational fo ted and sket

s and Siber tablishment BNN) for pr cant develop cument on f SM experien in Russia w nation of th nternationa 1, education al universiti te Atomprof oject is fina e funding du s have assist ounterparts. t participatin niversity pr leted by a w pplied in no r students in udent resear arch capacity pported by t arch. orum in Oct tched the fu ian regions. t of a web p romoting no pment of th future action nces from th were shared he Education l Conferenc nal activities es in coope f in St-Peter anced by the uring 2010 w 32 ted the SSM ng universit rofessors an workshop in on-prolifera n August 20 rch reports h y. The prog the SSM, al tober 2010 uture tasks f .

age for the on-prolifera e website (h ns. he nuclear n d at the IAEA nal Program ce on Nucle s are planne eration with rsburg. e Swedish M was 1.48 M M and playe D p W N R te U I it h a o e ties. A three d teachers f Stockholm ation researc 010 in Toms have promo gress of PhD lso proves a in Novoura for non-prol Siberian an ation educat http://ursibn non-prolifer A workshop mme in Nuc ear Security ed to expand the Rosatom Ministry of t MSEK. d a significa

Dr Hans Blix and participants of th Workshop on Nu Non-proliferation Russian universi eachers at Stoc University, May 2 mplemented ties during 2 have contrib a further exp of non-proli education an e-years effo from Urals a m devoted to ch. The fifth sk and the r ted non-D programm a sustainable lsk summed iferation ed nd Ural teach

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nn.ru/) and a ation educa p “Promotio lear Securit in Portland d to the nort m Central T the Environ ant role d the he uclear n for the ity ckholm 2010 d activ-2010 buted to pansion iferation nd re-ort and o meth-h annual relevant mes at e de-d up, ducation hers abled a strat-ation on and ty” and d, USA. rthwest Training nment SSM 2011:23

3.2. N  Sweden of Ukra tise in t operati Regula in use i under U tance in ing and four NP rials flo  In orde quirem SSM an ical inf guards reporte vastopo 8-th Ukrai Non-Prolif Support fo Software f (on-going) n has contri aine over m this field ha on in Ukrai atory Comm in Ukraine i Ukraine’s sa n 2010 was d updating th PPs - for up ow at the NP Developm base for re Additional er to optimis ments that Uk nd SNRCU formation sy reports. Th ed on during ol in Septem inian NMA&C C feration P or the Main for Nuclear (SSM 2008 ibuted to the many years. A as provided ine and by th mittee of Ukr is developed afeguards ag given in the he software pdate due to PPs - and tr ent of the A eporting in l Protocol ( se the report kraine has t initiated a p ystem (AIS) e system wa g the 8-th Uk mber 2010. Conference at S 33 Projects in ntenance an r Material A 8/266) e nuclear m A Swedish the softwar the national raine (SNR d to fulfil th greement w e shape of f e, including the regular raining of ne Analytical I n accordanc (completed) rting of safe to meet und project on t ) that will b as successfu krainian Co NUNEI, Sevast n Ukraine nd Upgrad Accountan materials acc consultancy re used by th authority, t CU). The a he internatio with the IAE financial sup visits to the r changes in ew staff. Informatio ce with Req ) (SSM 200 guards and er the Addi the developm be used for p fully conclud onference on opol e de of the ST ncy in Ukra ountancy sy y firm with he four NPP the State Nu ccountancy onal require EA. Swedish pport for m e authority a n the nuclear on System D quirements 9/4073) fulfilling th tional Proto ment of an a preparing sa ded in 2010 n NMA&C TAR aine ystem exper-Ps in uclear y system ements h assis- maintain-and the r mate- Data-s of the he re-ocol, analyt- afe-0 and in Se-SSM 2011:23