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Dissertatio de epistaxi. quam venia ... ord. med. Upsal. præside Joh. Gust. Acrel ... pro gradu doctoris publice ventilandam sistit Samuel Kinmanson ... Ostro-gothus. In audit. Nosocom. d. VIII Apr. MDCCXCVII. Horis e. et p. meridiem solitis.

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D I S S E R T A T I O

D E

Q U A M

V E N IA EXPER. ORD. MED. UPSAL.

P R Æ S I D E

JOH. G VST. ACREL,

M. D M E D . T H E O R E T . E T P R A C T I C E S . P R O F . R F.G . E T O R ® . R E G . A C A D . S C I E N T . H O L M . A T Q U E SOC. S C I E N T . U P S . M E M B R O , C E T . P R O G R A D U D O C T O R I S P U B L I C E V E N T I L A N D A M S I S T I T

S A M U E L K I N M A N S ON,

P 9 G , C O L L . M E D . M E M B R . A D A C I D C L . R A G N I L D . M E D . O R D . S T I P E N D . S T R A N D B E R G . O S T R O - G O T H U S. I N A U D I T . N O S O C O M . D . V I I I A P R I L . M D C C X C V I I . H O R I S A . E T P . M E R I D I E M S O L I T I S . U P S A L I Æ , L itteris J o h a n n . F r e d r . E d m a n , R e g . Acad. T y p o g r . '

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C

a v e a , ab a n te rio rib u s nafi fo ra m in ib u s i n c i p i e n s , fub osfe c r i b r o f o , fiiper p a la tà m osfeum r e t r o r f u m ex«

t e n f a , & ad fa u c iu m cavitatem a p e r t u r i s , quas C h o a n a s a p p e l l a n t , fefe t e r m i n a n s , N a r e s i n t e r n æ v o c a tu r . Hse

v e r o fe p to d s f e o , fuperius a lamina c r i b r o f a d e f c e n d e n t e , in feriu s a v o m e r e & anterius a cartilagin e tr ia n g u la r i f o r ­ m a t o , bipartitae, lateralem fuperficietrt a u û a m h a b e n t v a ­ riis receslibus os fi um t u r b i n a t o r u m , q u o r u m f u p e r io r a m i n o r a atque f p i r a l i a , m ed ia v e r o l o n g i o r a , ad f o r m a m conchae e x tu s c o n c a v æ , f p o n g io f a f u n t , infima v e r o , di- &is ja m fere fimilia, l o n g i u s ta m e n p r o d e u n t i a , & h a u d fere . m e m b r a n a c e a ; u n d e q u id e m i n te r fe f o r m a n t haec

oaficula m e a tu s , in qu i b u s a p e rtu ra s i n v e n i u n t finus £ t h - m o i d a l e s , S p h e n o i d a l e s , F r o n t a le s & M a x i l l a r e s , q u o ­ r u m o p e cavitatis narium fuperficies infign itcr amplificatur.

P a r te s has in fuperficie narium i n te r n a N a t u r a vefli- vit m e m b r a n a m o lli, vafculofa, papillofa ut & p o r o f a , crasfioris in ipfa cavitate n a r i u m , in finibus v e r o te n u io ­ ris texturae, q u a m a d e u n t N e r v i & utriusque g e n e r is v a - fa f a n g v i f e r a , q u o r u m arreriofa n o n m o d o n u t r i m e n t u m p a rtib u s p ra e b e n t, v e r u m etiam ad m u c u m f e c e r n e n d u m m a t e r i e m praeftant. Memoratae ja m Arteriae n a f c u n tu r a M a x illa ri e x t e r n a , fcilicet C o ro n a riae Labii fu p e rio ris r a ­ mis nafalibus c u m Ophtalmicae ram ulis in alis n a r i u m c o e u n t ib u s ; a P h a ry n g e a e H a lle ri r a m o p a l a t i n o ; a M a x i l ­ lari i n t e r n a ejusque A lv e o la ris, in f r a o r b ita lis & Palatinae

fuperioris ra m u lis ad a n t r u m H i g h m o r i & N a f u m emisfis; prtecipue v e r o ex ejusdem Arteriae r a m o nafali, qui in o m n e s fere N a r i u m i n t e r n a r u m p a r t e s furculos fuos d

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-f p e r g i t ; nec t a c e n d u m , q u o d varii r a m u li, C a r o tid i in­ ternae & quidem r a m o O p h ta lm ic o o rtu m d e b e n t e s , huc usque d iftrib u an tu r, ita fcilicet, ut ramus E thm oidalis an­ te rio r/? ) & p o fle rio r cum hifce N a fa lib u s, P a lp eb ralis v e­ r o inferioris & N afalis cum Infraorbitali fu b te r m e m ­ b r a n a m P ituitariam co n ju n g an tu r. H a r u m A r t e r i a r u m anaftomofes fo rm aruras fi e x c e p e r is , n onnullæ in Venas abeunt', plurimae v e r o m e m b r a n æ Pituitariae in feru n tu r, m u c iq u e fecretioni in f e rv iu n r, five ofiiis minu-tisfimis h i a n t , five folliculos muoofos in g re d iu n tu r. Fieri hinc posfe facile inrelligitur, m ajori verfus caput p r o tr u f a fan- g v in is c o l u m n a , arterias h as, tenuiori rantum cuticula ve- ftitas, aut nullo n e g o tio d i r u m p i , vel praeter o r d i n e m di­ l a t a r i , usque a d e o , ut in cavo N a r i u m v e ru m fan gv in em effundant. C u m v e r o tot funt Carotidis internae cum p r o p a g i n i b u s C a ro tid is externae anaftomotici n e x u s , mul- tasque in fu p e r copulas A rte ria V errebralis cum C a ro tid e a n t e r i o r i , p o f t e r i o r r , nec n o n Arteria c o m m u n ic a n te in c o r p o r e callofo & fu n d o C ra n ii in eat, etiam nullo im­ p e d i m e n t o e v e n i t , ut v a fa , tam interna q u a m e x te rn a ,

n im io forfan f a n g y in e o p p le a n tu r : cui m alo medelam p a r a t u r a ira difpofuit p r o v id a N a t u r a , ut p e r n a r e s , q u ip p e cujus Arteriae faciliorem admirrünt tr a n s itu m , n o ­ citura Sangvinis copia exitiliari posfit* & hoc ipfum p r o ­ fluvium

Epiftaxin b)

i n t e r N o f o l o g o s » o m in a r e m oris eft,

Ar-a ) Qttonam ex truncer arttriafb venin t is fa n g v is , quem nares e m ittm t, non certus fix e r im ; ex Supremis b J plet um que anterionbus dtfcendere proba-

bile f i t , ndeoque ex n rteria Oplualmic£ ramis fc? pntisfimum t x Etbmoidea tn ttr io r i. V td ]ll, H a i i e r i Efetn. Fbyfitî. L. XIV. p. 150.

h) S a n g v i n i s per n a r e s f l i H i c i d i u m vel fiin p liw rer bamorrhagiam

non-« u p s v i t H i p p o c r a t e s , v e l e t i a m f x T c o v ç tv o o v c ù p c t T o ç Ç v a s ç . / I p h o r ,

S. UT, 2 7 : oitp e t w . r a y çwcvv çusv. ibid, Stef. I K 60. ciipcc çvev xocrcc r u s ç t v o t s . . Stel V I . 10. N o m en veto E t ex eod em Au flore deiuiutuin videtur, d u m inter pesftma a c a to ru m m o r b o r u m figna

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numerat-Ärteriae ja m r e c e n f i tæ , in m e m b r a n » S c h n e j d e r ia n a d i v a g a n t e s , ta n q u a m m a jo r a vafa Tangvifera refpici m i ­ n i m e d e b e a n t ; e x p e r i e n t i a t a m e n c o n f l a t , t a n t a m posfe p e r illas effici fa n g v in is j a ö u r a m r ) , five u n o quafi i m p e ­ tu e f fu n d a tu r , five repetitis vicibus exftillet, ur m o d o h a u d t e m n e n d u m aegrotanti afferat l e v a m e n , m o d o n o x i a illi fit, Temper v e r o p h æ n e m e n o n p e r v e r f æ Oeconomiae a n i­ malis vel impeditae C irc u la tio n is indicium faciat i n d u b i­ tatu m . E x his c o m m o d e d iffin g v itu r Epiftaxis in

ldio-

patbicam

,

Criticam

&

Symptomoticam :

quas Tpecies, ut m o r ­

bi hujus n a tu r a & indoles rite intelligatur, feorfim c o m m e ­ m o r a r e n o b is a n i m u s eff, Diagnofin & C u r a m explicaturi.

1 : 0

Epiftaxeos Idiopnthictz

causfa p r o x i m a quaerenda eft in

P 1st bora corporis univerfa/i

, fcilicet quae a vafis ar- teriofis n i m i o f a n g v in e d if te n tis , d u m in anaftomofibus dilatatio fit,

diapedefis

n u n c u p a t a , five v a f o r u m r u p t u r a

diabtoßs:

q u o f a & o , m a j o r vel m i n o r Tangvinis copia m a ­

nat. H æ c p l e t h o r a ad m o l e m in aetate juvenili i n p r i m i s efficax e f f, id q u e praecipue in iexu p r i o r i o b praevalen­ te m S y fte m a tis Arteriofi l a x i t a t e m , c o r p o r i s ja m d u d « m m a g n i t u d i n e ac m o le o b t e n t a ; q u a n d o q u e q u i d e m in fexu fequiori d u m fluxus m e n ffru u s vel a d h u c d e f ic it, vel d i- verfis ex causfis a liq u an d o defiit. Q u o d v e r o h u j u s m o d i Epifiaxi fæpius utatur alma N a t u r a , ad m i n u e n d a m

Taper-A 3 fluam

o, profluvium fangvinia diebus indicibus fa£tum , ite ru m q u e diebus judicatoriis r e p e ti t u m : ocXKboç t s y j w iïts e7r t ç a ^ y ] , Kcct rjv S7 vide Coacti-

m t n pranotior.um Secl. 11. 337. E d it. Foefii. Eft igitur Epiftaxis proprie

fluxio fangvinis per nares femel iterumque invadens, ab (7Ct & Eroe^etv,- N o i n e n vero h oc p r o u t genericum recentiores N o fo lo g j Cu1*len, V q g e l , D a n i e l , H a a r t m a n n o f tra s , rei. «d diftingvendam N a r i u m h x m o r r h a g i a u i ' a reliquia a g n o v e r u n t.

c)

111

. H a l l e* obfervavit e o s , qui Epiftaxi m ajnrem fecerunt jaflu-

r a m fungvinis, n o n vi e x t e r n a , fed ejus t a n t u m per bos arterioles transitu eamque a 7 usque a d i l , 1$ q u in t t i a m 3 0 vel 4 0 Libras. Element: P t y -

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fluam & pluribus in cafibus n o c i v a m f a n g v in is q u a n t i t a ­ t e m , p a t e t e x S y m p t o m a t i b u s , quae p a r t i m p r a e c e d u n t, p a r t i m ipfum fluxum c o m it a n tu r , aeque ac a l e v a m i n e h a u d m e d i o c r i , q u o d p o f t m o d ic a m e v a c u a t i o n e m p e r - f e n t i r e æ g e r folet. E t q u id e m r u b e d o tam Faciei q u a m tu n i c æ a d n a tæ O c u l i , jun& a i n t e r d u m c u m o b n u b i l a t i o n e v i f u s , f o m n o l e n t i a , p-ulfu f u b d u r o , d i c r o t o , rei. d e m u m - q u e p r u r i t u s N a r i u m ac f te r n u t a t io n e s , ftimulo tenflonis N e r v o r u m excitatae, an teq u a m in c o n f p e f t u m v e n it c o m ­ m e m o r a t a e v a c u a t i o , va forum Capitis f a n g v i f e r o r u r n tur- g e f c e n t i a m , e o r u m q u e in E n c e p h a lo n p r e s f i o n e m p r o ­ d u n t . O r t u m v e r o jam p ro flu v iu m m a jo ri vel m i n o r i v e h e m e n t i a , ftillatim, vel p le n o r iv u lo » p le r u m q u e a l t e r a m , r a r o , nec fine p e r i c u l o , utrasque n a res perfluit. N o n n u m q u a m etiam verfus fauces curfus fa n g v in is d irig itu r, fcilicet d u m fupinus jacet aeger, vel d u m fa n g v in is exitus t u r u n d i s a n t r o r f u m p r o h i b e a t u r : m h o c c a lu , ,& p r æ c i - p u e fub f o m n o , aeger, adf l uent e in b ro n c h iis f a n g v i n c cito c o a g u la n te , facillime fuffocatur, cujus n o ta b ilem ca- f u m r e f e r t L i e u t e a u d

d),

Q u e m a d m o d u m hic fluxus a P l e t h o r a un iv erfali fa­ cile a c c i d e r it , fic etiam ejus in causfa

partialis plethora ca­

pitis

multiplici ra tio n e esfe p o t e f t , in p r im is fi fangvinis a capite r e c u r r e n ti s copia m i n o r fit, q u am quæ e o d e m t e m p o r e huc a d v e h a tu r , r e d itu ejus fcilicet i m p e d i t o , aut affluxu juflo copiofiori. H i n c v eftim en ta ftri£fciora, au£le fimul c o rp o ris m o t u , in te r praecipuas r e fe r r i p o sfu n t caus fas E p if ta x e o s , qua M ilites, p e r c a m p o s e x c u r r e n t e s , la­ b o r a n t . Colli a m i& o ria n im is ar&a *), nixus f o r t i o r e s , e x c e rc itia c o r p o r i s i m m o d i c a , exæfluante c o r p o r e vel a f u m ti s fpirituofis, vel calida aëris t e m p e r i e ; fitus p r o tr a d l io r Capitis d-eorIum in c l in a n ti s , & alia ejusmodi id em efficiunt.

II :o

Epi-d ) Synopfis Prnxeos M eEpi-dica p. 354,

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11:0

E p ito x is Critica

p a r t i m &

plethora univerfolï

p a r ­ l i m a

particulari

in ftatu m o r b i d o o r t u m ducit.

Univer

-

falis

haec h a b e n d a , qua ju v e n e s in initio F e b r i u m o b r u u n ­ t u r , d u m a ftimulo F e b r i l i circuitus f a n g v in i s p e r p l u r i -

m u m a c c e le r a tu r , e a m q u e o b causfam m a j o r q u a n tita s f a n g v i n i s verfus c a p u t d irig itu r c u m intenfiori C e p h a la l­ g i a , in tu m e fc e n ria faciei cete risq u e fignis fupra r e c e n fitis,

quae E p i f t a x i s , levaroria jam Crifis f a l u t a n d a , fu b fequ itu r. H u c r e f e r a s f l u x u m , ftadio frig o ris f in it o ,

m ox

e r u m p e n ­ t e m ; de e o a u t e m , qui h o r r o r e s p ra ec e d it, aliter j u d i c a n ­ d u m . S a n g v i s e m i s f u s , crasfu s,

Sc

licet v e r e a r r e r i o f u s , fufci r a m e n coloris eft

Sc

ad c o a g u lu m f o r m a n d u m p r o ­

nus. D e lir iu m q u o d c u n q u e F e b r i l e , five ftatu P h r e n i t i c o j n n t t u m , five n o n , a v e h e m e n t i o r i f a n g v in is m o t u in ju ­ v e n i b u s , iisque p l e t h o r i c i s , o r t u m , vel poft i n t e r c e p t a s

alias fa n g v in is evacuationes i n v a d e n s , a b e u n te p e r n a r e s f a n g v i n e cito m itig a tu r ,

Sc

faepe una c u m fu rd itate f e b ri­ l i , fi q u a a d f u e r i t , evanefcit. P o r r o d i c e n d u m c o n v e n i t , m o rb ® s I n f l a m m a t o r i o s , q u i, ipfius loci c u l p a , f a n g v i - n e m a capite r e t r o i t u r u m vel i m p e d i u n t , vel o m n i n o p r o ­ h i b e n t , qualis esfe confiat g r a v i o r e m A n g i n a m Infiam* m a t o r i a m , P le u ritid e m

Sc

P n e v m o n i a m , Epiftaxin c u m e u p h o r i a aegroti fibi fociam h a b ere. M e m o r a t u d i ­ g n u m c e n f e m u s , q u o d ab H i p p o c r a t e ad praefens u s q u e

t e m p u s o b f e r v a t u m e ft, n i m i r u m q u o d I n fla m m a tio n e s H e p a t i s acutae c u m d o lo r e capitis

Sc

praecordiis tenfis l a r g o fatis p ro flu v io fa n g v in is e naribus faepisfime j u d i ­

c e n t u r ; q u a v e r o circa certos dies c r iti c o s , huic p r o f lu ­ v i o p r o p r i o s , P a r e n s Medicinae Ejusque C o m m e n t a t o r

G a l e n u s memoriae p r o d i d e r u n t , q u o d q u e f a n g v i s , d u m

p e r H æ m o r r h a g i a m n a r i u m crifis v e r a ab fo lv ere tu r, d e x ­ t r a m n a ric u la m p e r v a d e r e t , fi in h y p o c h o n d r i o d e x t r o I n f l a m m a t i o n e s acutae locum t e n e r e n t : in Splenitide v e r o

finiftra n a r i s fa n g vini v iam p a r a r e t , nulla fuit e x p e r i e n ­ t i a

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t i a c o m p r o b a tu m . A t t e n t i o n e m ta m e n n o ftra m m e re tu r o b f e r v a t i o

111

. v a n S w i e t b n / ) , n o s m e t fcilicet a r t e ad

m o r b o s le v a n d o s minus v a lere , q u a m ipfa N a t u r a , quse, f u b i n d e f a n g v i n e m p e r nares e f f u n d e n d o , im p e tu m m or- b o f u m haud r a r o infringit. I n F e b r i b u s E x a n th em a ticis v e r a m c e r t a m q u e Crifin accesforiam cum infigni m itiga­ t i o n e F e b r i s eruptionis & infequentis exanthem aris Epi- ftaxis c onftiruit, ut in Variolis, M o*biilis, quin im m o E r y f i p e l a te Faciei, q u o etiam m o r b o hac ratione levatus fuit

111

. H a l x & r u s g ) , quotidiana e x p e rie n tia com m onftrat.

L i c e t in Scarlatina q u a m in aliis F ebribus E x an th em ati- cis r a r i o r fit E pifiaxis, & S y m ptom atibus hujus Febris a n o m a lis & a d ia p h o ris a n n u m e r a t a , fæpius tam en c o m ­ p e r t u m fuit, m o d i c a m H æ m o r r h a g i a m imminuisfe v e h e ­ m e n t i a m F e b r i s , p r i m u m Stadium nec d u m eg resfæ , <3c fie q u id e m criticam esfe c e n f e n d a m : dum co n tra fubfe- q u e n ti Stadio t u m o r e L e v c o p h le g m a ric o jam d u d u m f o r ­ m a t o , f e m p e r mali o m inis m ortisque praeco e ft, d u m fci­ licet , partes folidæ eo usque debilitatem o b t i n e n t , ut fua d e f titu a n tu r v ita lita te > fan g vinisque l y m p h a in ftatum dis- f o l u t u m abeat.

A d h a n c Speciem etiam r e f e r r i debet Epiftaxis ab i n t e r c e p t o fluxu H s e m o rrh o idali & A m en o rrh cea o riu n d a ; ilia e n im i m p r u d e n t e r cohibita vel fp o n te cesfata, accu­ m u l a t o in E n c e p h a lo f a n g v i n e , infultus A p o p lex iæ fan-

g v i n e æ & m o r te m m inatur, vel fi ejusmodi minas nequid .quam

f ) V idi non ita pridem in pleuritico J u v e n e pcft quintam etiam vettet ftc iio tie v t, v ix mitigari potuisfe morbum; p tr n a tet autem erumpcntc fangvi- ne crasfo, n ig rica nti, fa tis copiofo , iliico fid n r i F ebrim , & levari omnia, fym p to m a ta . C o m m e n t, in A p h o r. Boefh. T . I I I . p. i o i .

g) S e q u e obfcvrum eft, cur adeo mnnifeftum in f u m iti t morbis Capitis

interni a fo r tio r i narium betmarrhagia levamen percipiatur, quale ipfe in gra­ v i s/tmo Eryfipelaceo Capitis m orbo, atnisjis pene quatuor intra biduum per nares L ib r is , percepi & gratus recordor, Éietn. Phy fiol. L. X IV , p. 150

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m0

9

q u a m j a £ i a v e r i t , p r e s ß o n i C e r e b r i , accumulationi feri in v e n tr ic u lis earlim que f e q u d i s , g r a v e d i n i C a p i t i s , verrigi* ni

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t a n d e m A p o p l e x i æ ferofæ i n f u ’tibus occalionero p r æ b e t ; hæc v e r o m o i i m i n a , m e n fe s in tercep tas c o m i ­ t a n t i a , p l u r i m u m l e v a t u r a , jufto citius i m p e d ita , m u l t o ­ r u m causfa erit m alorum . N e c n u m q u a m in F e b r i b u s ab o b f tr u c t io n e a l v in a , Epiftaxis oritur, c u m fcybala d u ­ r i o r a & flatus inclufus inteflina d if le n d a n t , & fang v inis in im o v e n t r e liberæ circulationi o b f l e n r , e a m q u e v e r iu s cip u c d e t e r m i n e n t .

l l l t o

Epiftaxis Symptomatica

a quibusdam A u & o r ib u s H æ m o r r h s g i a pasfiva a p p e lla ta , cum diathefi phlogiftica

Sc

p y r e x i a haud e q u id e m c o n ju n g i tu r . H^ec i n o p i n a to e r u m p i t absque fignis p l e t h o r a m u niverfalem in dicantibus: F l u x u s p l e r u m q u e f u n t p a r c i o r e s , h a u d r a r o g u tta n te s , qu i v e r o fæpius in te r c e p ti alterna vice r e c u r r u n t , q u a m ­ vis e x em p la lethiferæ hujusm odi Epiftaxeos n o n deiidereci- tur. P r æ te r e a q u e fan g vine pallido r u b e f c e n t e , fuaque

c o a g u la n d i p o te n tia o r b a t o , a reliquis Speciebus Epiftaxis S y m p t o m a t i c a differr. Flujus g e n e r is H æ m o r r h a g i a , in q u i b u s c u n q u e F e b r i b u s o c c u r r i t , S y m p r o m a mali eft o- m i n i s , p r æ c ip u e v e r o in F e b r i b u s E xanthem atic-is, mali* g n i s ,

Sc

in his q u id e m ipiis, g a f tric æ , biliofæ

Sc

n e r v e æ in d o lis, q u a r u m ultima Scena viribus c o r p o r i s in to tu m fra&is, facie p a l l i d a , pulfu p a r v o , c o n t r a & o , c a lo r e i n ­ t e r n o , f u d o r e male o l e n t e , an im a fœtidisfima, deje£lio-

nibus cadaverofis, vel o m n i b u s P h œ n o m e n i s , quæ flatum i n d ic a n t p u t r i d u m

b)

c o r p o r i s u n i v e r f a l e m , d ig n o f c itu r .

B I n

b) Scio equidem Medicos nonnullos & quidem inter illo* n o n u n o t a n t u m noniine l a u d a n d u m F r a n k de curandis morbis L. I* 94. vocabulum

T o Putredo e x n la n d u m p r * o p t* s fe ; nec fum i g n a r u s , abufu hujus termini

P u tr i d a r u m clasli F e b r e s , h u c m in im e pertinentes, fuisfe annumeratas. Sit tamen venis v e r b o , donec alio nom ine eoque m s g is idoneo hutvc rtatu m fangvinis infignire licuerit, q u e m H u x h a m concinne i d e o expofuit. E t fa y s

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S ’

I n m o r b is C h r o n ic is lehtale ut plurim um S y m p r o m a Epi- ftaxiç e ft, five nim ium fangvinis in c o rp o re e f î œ t o , & q u o ad folidas partes a tte n u a to , p e r illam p e r d i t u m eat, five indicio fit, circulationi in m a j o r i b u s a b d o m i n i s vi- fceribus o bicem e s f e p o f i t u m , q u a m nec p r o v i d a A r s , nec ipfa N a t u r a tollere valet; in infarcti bus v i f c e r u m c h r o ­ nicis, Lienis praecipue & H e p a t i s , c u m l£lero n i g r o , ten- fione h y p o c h o n d r i o r u m & c a c h e f t i e o c o r p o r i s h a b i t u , E pifiaxis d iru m exitum fæpe p r æ n u n c i a t , quales cafus m e ­ moriae c o m m e n d a n d o s adfert 111. H o f f m a n /'); in H y -

d r o p e A fcitide, compresfis fcilicet Aorræ in imo v entre r a m i s , fangvis verfus caput determ inatur, & in Epiftaxi

e r u m p i t , q u o d S y m p t o m a inter pesfima judicat v a n S w i e t e n k \*

S p a s m o r u m in P a t h e m a t i b u s , præcipue fub P u e r p e ­ r i o , in a b d o m in e vis infignis eft fangvinem ad caput d e ­ r i v a n d i , u n d e H aem orrhagiæ narium cum d ifpendio vitæ fæ pe e x c i t a n t u r / ) ; q u i d ? quod repulfio fangvinis a fuper- ficie c o rp o ris ad m ajores circa praecordia truncos in F e ­ b r i b u s i n t e r m itte n tib u s , fub fiadio frigoris protra£liori ftatum perfe£te fpasm odicum conftituente, tam v e h e m e n t e r poteft H æ m o r r h a g i a m p r o t r u d e r e , ut vix ac ne vix q u i d e m a r t e r efifti queat. Sequentem Cafum Cel. D. P r æ - s e s n a r r a v it: V i r g i n e m 1 8 a n no s n a t a m , nobili g e n e r e f e d te n u io ri c o r p o ris h a b i t u , te m p o re autumnali F e b ris i n t e r m i tt e n s invafit: fub fiadio frigoris Epiftaxis e r u m p e ­ b a t , quae, copiofa lic e t, ufitatis tam en remediis d o m efti. cis claudebatur, vel potius, uti magis probabile nobis vi­ d e t u r , i n g r u e n te fiadio caloris, per fe ipfa requiefcebat. B iduo praeterlapfo P a r o x y s m u s iterum r e c u r r e b a t, t y p u m T ertianae exa£te t e n e n s , cum quo conjun&a erat Epifta­

x i s ,

i ) M edie. Rationalis. T o m . IV. S. I. C . I. Obferv. I,

k ) Comment, in A p b . Boerb. T om . IV. p. 2o8.

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x i s , v i r e s f r ig e n tis A e g r o t æ a d m o d u m e x h a u r i e n s , fpa- fmis v e r o remisfis c alo re q u e reft it u r o , fp o n te cesfans: c u m v e r o h o r r o r febrilis tertia vice i n g r u e r e t , tanta vi f a n g v is p e r nares effu n d e b a tu r, ut v i r g o m o r t i o c c u b u e ­

r i t , a n t e q u a m e x p e r i r i p o s l i t , quid caloris r e g r e s f u s , q uid M e d i c o r u m o p e r a v a le re n t.

P a ri m o d o Epiftaxis o c c u r r i t i T usfi c o n v u l f i v a , q u i p ­ pe d u m dilatatio P u l m o n u m a v eh em en tisfim is in A f p e r a A r t e r i a & G l o t t i d e c o n tra c tio n ib u s fpasm odicis i m p e ­ ditur, fic q u i d e m fa n g v in is defcenfui via n e g a t u r , u t fa­ cile hic ipfe in capite c o n g e r a t u r : I n m o r b o fic diCto

Hæmorrbagico maculofo

cujus n a tu r a a d h u c , ut m in u s p e r - f c r u t a t a , nobis latet, H a e m o r r h a g i a n a r i u m n o n p ericu - lofum m in u s q u a m e o n f v e r u m f y m p t o m a d e p r e h e n d i t u r , ea t a m e n d if f e r e n ti a , q u o d f a n g v is p e r N a r e s e x p u l f u s , p a r c i o r fit vel copiofior, crasfior vel te n u io r, p r o u t circum-

ftanriæ & vis m o r b i v ariæ fint. In aliis q u o q u e m o r b i s C a c h e c tic is , cum infirm itate f o li d o r u m i n f i g n i , ut in C h l o r o f i iw), S c o r b u t o w ) , <Sc r e liq u is , refiduas c o r p o r i s e x ­

tenuati vires Epiftaxis faepe plane c o n f u m i t , m a l u m q u e A e g r o e x itu m parat. Et t a n d e m , q u o d cuivis n o tu m e ft, m e m o r a r e o p o r t e t , violentiam e x t e r n a m , nafo ira iila tam , ut r u p t u r a fiat va forum , nec n o n læfiones feu c o m m o t i o ­

nes C a p itis g r a v i o r e s , a n fa m d a r e posfe E p i f t a x i , in f o r o C h i r u r g i c o dijudicandae.

Ex allatis colligitur, H æ m o r r h a g i a m n a riu m diverfi- m o d e esfe c o n f i d e r a n d a m , vel ut falutare m o l i m e n N a t u ­ rae, q u i p p e q u o aliæ m a g i s q u e n o centes p raec a v ea n tu r e r u p t i o n e s , d i m i n u e n d o fcilicet f a n g v in i s q u o a d c a p a c ita ­ t e m v a f o r u m n i m i a m q u a n t i t a t e m , five u n i v e r f u m c o r ­

ii 2 pus

m ) Obfervationem Cei. H u x h * m u praxis Medica c o n f ir m a t : Some cblo. tn tik G irls are vvnftly opt to bleed f r o m the n o fe , ond y e t tbicr blood but j u f t colour the linnen cloths. Esfays on Fewers. p. 4 4 .

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p u s Pierhora o b r u a r, five a causfa quacunque m o n o f a i n t r a caput r e f t r i n g a t u r : vel ut f y m p t o m a in gravioribus, p r o t r a c h o r i b u s & d e ftru e n n b u s j n o r b i s , in quibus nudum u n q u a m l e v a m e n , fæpe v e ro p ericuium & lethalem ex i­ t u m creat. Di£lamtni rationis & e x p e rie m iæ teftimonio c o n f e n t a n e a hæc eft reg ula: Epiftaxin plethoricarn irte r- d u m i n v a d e n te m Temper p r o a e s f e : ftrpius v e ro ortam <Sc quali h a b itu a ie m , a u g m e n tu m Tangvinis Tenfim fenfitr.que p r o m o v e r e , & t a n d e m , fi fortuito fubfiftat, vitae pericu- l u m i n f e r r e , p r o p r i a m q u e fibi curam & vivendi ratioaecn p o fc ere . Ulterius p e r Te p a t e t , in m orbis quibusdam p y re - t i c i s , iisque Tupra c o m m e m o r a t i s , E p ifta x in , quam C riti­ c a m a p p e lla v im u s, quæ que malum m o d o lev3t, m odo p e r fe k te tollit, caute esTe e x fp e& a n d arn , ne inconcinna ie d u lita te naturae c o n a m e n o ffe n d a m u s , fed profluvium , ia ltim quod m o d ic u m eft, tum o p p o r tu n e fuftinendum p e r m i t t a m u s . C u m v e r o H æ m o r r h a g i a fi vel levisfima fit, & A e g r u m & adftames p le ru m q u e haud b re v iter t e r ­ r e a t , e re esfe e x iftim a m u s, regulas, juxta curam Epifta- x e o s o b f e r v a n d a s paulo accuratius determ inare. O m n iu m p r i m o m o n e n d u m , ut fangvis apto vafculo excipiatur, q u o fimus de jufta ejus quantitate c e rtio re s , vel fi exce­ d a t , q u a m pati posfe A e g ro r u m intelligimus, quid p e r

Coi itas v enæ fe& iones e v acu etur c o m p u ta n te s , nec non qua­

l i t a t e m , confiftentiam <Sc cruftam inflam m atoriam fo rm a n ­ di p r o n i t a t e m , (i qua fit, introTpicere posfimus. Q u o d fi v e r o lin teo vel hum i diffundatur f a n g v is , quantitate fæpe fallim ur, nec etiam facile tum erit de crafi ejus judicare.

H i s p r o b e o b f e r v a tis , pulfuum quoque fiatum e x p lo ­ r a r i o p o r t e t : e te n im quo m ajo res funt A rte ria ru m icfus, q u o p le n io res & quali te n f i, eo m a jo rem linere defluxum c o n v e n i t . M ultum ta m e n i n t e r e f t , u tr u m guttatim vel p l e n o riv u lo e m a n e r : in p r i o r i cafu ad fiftendum proflu­

v i u m feftinare n o n o p o r t e t , fiquidem lenta evacuatio m i­ n u s ,

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n a s , q u a m r a p t i m q u æ i n c i d e r i t , virt'5 virales e x h a u r i t ; in

p o l l e r i o r i cafu quali p e r i n t e r v a l l a a b r u m p e r e i t e r u m q u e

p e r m i t t e r e f l u x u m r e f e r t , q u o c i r c a ta m e n ratio h a b e n d a e r i t m i t i g a t i o n i s S y m p t o m a t u m in flatu Febrili ; quibus c e s f a m i b u s , neque ulrro n e c e s fa riu m e fl, neque utile fan- g v i n i s p r o f l u v i u m . T u n c v e r o Epiflaxin C r it ic a m p r o ­ h i b e r e c o n v e n i t , cum fa n g v in is far exflillasfe i n t e f l i g i t u r :

i m p r i m i s fi p a l l o r faciei v i r i u m q u e e x i n a n i t i o , mollities

<Sc debilitas p u l f u u m , f y n c o p e in fitu c o r p o r i s e r e £ l o , f u d o r e x t r e m o r u m f r i g i d u s , o b f e r v e n t u r . Si Epiflaxis a l a f i o n e q u a d a m e x t r in f e a a o r t u m d u c i t, absque f o r m i d i ­ ne cito in te r c i p ia tu r , d u m m o d o , fi flatus adfic P l e t h o r i - c u s , v e n æ fedtio ejus loco inflituatur.

Epiftaxis v e r o

Symptomatica

, p e r t u r b a t i o n i cu id am i m p u t a n d a , five f e b re m lignis p u t r e d i n i s i n f i g n i o r e m , fi­ v e flatum cache£licum fubfequatur, q u a m fieri p o te f l, ci- tisfiine efl c o h i b e n d a , refp c£ lu h a b i t o ad pulfus d e b ilita ­ te m v i r i u m q u e r o b u r d i m i n u t u m . P r æ p r i m i s praefenta-

nea tum opus efl m e d e l a , ubi tam S y m p t o m a t a praegres- f a , quam f a n g v is t e n u i s , rofacei c o lo r is , v ix coagulabilis, a flu end o d e lifle n s, & p e r intervalla g u ttatim r e c u r r e n s , flatum disfolutionis putridae fa n g v in is in d ic a n t o).

A d

Curam

Epiflaxeos q u o d a t t i n e t , v a r i o m o d o illam

i n f t i t u e n d a m p u t a m u s , p r o u t causfac & A e g r i flatus m o r ­ b id u s indicent. Venae Se£liones & q u i d e m aliquando E- piflaxi P le th o r ic æ p erv erte n d ae c o n d u c u n t , i m m i n e n t e fci- 1 icet m o r b o ; cum v e r o & cito e r u m p a t , & H a e m o r r h a - giæ faepe i n v a d e n t e s e o d e m m o d o ac venae fe&iones fae- pius repetitae, t a n t u m o m n i n o abfir, u t h a b i tu m p l e t h o - ric u m p e r m u t e n t , ut potius h u n c ip fu m clanculum & fen- fim a d a u g e a n t , o m n e s f a n g v i n i s misfiones c r e b r o

infliru-B 3 tas

* *“ • — — — ' --- - --- --- ---- --- — . . . ■ .--- ' - ■- ■■■ ... . fmm.mm... i . o) In feb rib u s malignis p estiftra eß om nis, q u s non j u v a t , b tm o rrb a g ta , nom labt fe tt N a t u r a , defraudato i b i , ubi levamen exfptftnbar. S t o j . i J f f b h

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tas magis n o c e re quam p ro d e sfe, patet. S an gvinem vero e venis e x trem itatum inferiorum detra& um Epifta£ticos m fultus a v e rte re p o s f e , ineptias fapit venerandae antiquitatis.

E x his c o n fiât, C u ra m

Epiftaxeos Idiopatbica

re&ius d i r i g e n d a m e sfe , D iæ ta n em pe tenuij V egetabili, motu c o r p o ris & laboribus im p ro b is, m odico f o m n o , potulen­ tis aquofis, ceterisque o m n ib u s , quæ in juvenilibus annis ad p e t h o r a m arteriofam dim inuendam requiruntur, p e r q u æ , d u m exinde culpa Plethoræ v enofæ v ex antur aetate p r o v e & i o r e s , accidentibus A poplexiæ , H & m o p ty fi, Hæ- m o r r h o i d i b u s nim ium fluentibus, viriis H e p a tis , ceteris, tutisfime o b v ia m itur. Epiftaxin

Criticam

o p e r æ ipfius N a t u r æ c o m m e n d a m u s , tum p rim u m claufrra parantes, cum ex fignis fupra allatis fufpicari d e b em u s, m ajorem f a n g v in is ja£luram fadlam esfe, quam vires forte fiverint; & q u id e m p le ru m q u e fi opus fit, facile cohibetur, fiqui« d e m t h r o m b u s a f a n g v in e , vi fua coagulandi necdum d e f t i t u t o , i n t r a cavum N a r i u m fo rm atus, im mediate r e ­

cludit vafa A r te rio fa aperta vel rupta. Ad fangvinem v e r o in g r u m o s c oagulandum leviori cafii conducit, n a ­ r e m , q u am fangvis p e r r u m p it, digito c o m p r im e re , & ca p u t a n t r o r f u m inclinando tam diu iu ftin ere, donec fangvis

in masfam coierit; item etiam fro n tem & nucham aqua fr ig id a la v a re , & fomentis ex aceto, fricrida c o m m ix to , im bu tis genitalia c ircu m dare

p).

Si v e r o hæc v o to n o n

r e f p o n d e n t , Boletus igniarius in form a coni nari fluenti ad plicandus; aut T u r u n d æ ex linteo molliori in folutione fa tu ratiori A lu m in is, vel etiam T u r u n d a ex C ereo lo lin­ teo c a r p t o in v o lu ta, & in mixtura ex albumine o v i, fa­ r in a & V itrio lo m artis in tin £ la, in n a rem intrudatur y)

«

l-p) T h e d e n s Unterricht f ü r fP unduertze, S t o l l Apbor. §. 4 0 6 . Hov

c h an D o m tfl. M edic, 362. V a n S w i e t e n Q om m tnt. in A p b o r. B o e b h a v Tora« IV . p ag . 38.

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i b i q u e r e l i n q u e n d a , d o n e c p r o f l u v i o cesfato, f p o n t e decidar. L i g a t u r æ a r t u u m a G a l e m t e m p o r e E p i f t a x e o s g r a v i o n s u i i t a t a m e d e l a , n u l l a m u t i q u e a t t e n t i o n e m m e r e r i v i d e n ­ t ur. I n E p i f t a x i p e r t i n a c i o r i i n q u i r e n d u m e f t , an aliae q u a e d a m a d i t o r causf æ*- q u s s r e m o v e r e neces f e eil, ideo-

q u e , ft a l v i o b f l r u £ t i o n e l a b o r a t a e g r o t u s , L a x a n t i a b l a n ­ d i o r a & C l y s m a r a q u o t i d i e a p p l i c a t a , f v a d e n r e S y d e n h a -

mo /} r . c t e p r a d e r i b a n t u r ; v e l Ii flatus f i m u l edflc Spa-

i m o d i c u s , f e d a n t i b u s R e m e d i i s a m p l o q u e veficatorio ad n u c î t a m c o l l o c a r o o p u s efl. Si v e r o in v e n t r i c u l o tubo-

q u e i me f l i na i i a c r i m o n i a quaedam biliofa l a t e a t , ad m o n i ­ t u m C 1. R i c h t e r , aut E m e t i c o , cujus vim pr aecl aram in

ca f u d e f p a r a t o e x p e r t u s ipfe efl j ) , aut repetitis L a x a n t i ­

bus & D i g e s t i v i s , p r o u t rei r a t i o pof t ul at , uri o p o r t e t .

In o m n i

Epißaxi Symptomatica

ad causias & fympto* m a t a , & m o d u m denique eis o b v e n i e n d i , quam ad o p em a r e m e d i i s e x t e r n i s , f a n g v i n e m fiftenribus, e x f p e & a n d a m , m a g i s utique efl a t te n d e n d u m . C u m v e r o in plurimis call bus ejusdem fpeciei fangvis fit disfolurus, & folida m a x i m e de bilitata, necesfitatis aeque ac difficultatis p r o ­ f l u v i u m , celerem in te ritu m p a r a n s , cito r e p r i m e n d i , fa­ cile c o n v i n c i m u r . R e m e d i a in u r g e n t e cafu c o m m e n d a n ­ d a , d u o potisfima f u n t , A cida fcilicet mineralia & C o r te x P e r u v i a n u s , quæ jufto t e m p o r e adhibita ra ro fpem defrau­

d a r e folent. E x a c i d o r u m clasfe praecipuum eft illud vi- t r i o l i c u m d i l u t u m , cujus, cum f y r u p o q u o d a m edulcora- t i , fufficiens dolis f u m e n d a , & , p r o u t ipfa res poftulat, r e p e t e n d a , infigniter fefe c o m m e n d a t , q u o rem edio Cei. R i c h t e r , ceteris fruftra ad h ib iti s, aegrotum h o c malo g r a ­ v i t e r p er icli ta tu m in g r a ti am cum, fanitate redegit

t

). K i n k i n æ virtus ad folida r o b o r a n d a , adeo eft ab o m n

i-/ bus;

a»— w——mm— ^ ^ . _ .* ____ _ _ .

r ) Op. Om. Se£h V i . C. V II.

s ) C h iru rg iftb t Bibliothek, IX , Bond,.

0

1

* C.

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bus c o g n k a & t a m multis e x em pl is c o n f i r m a t a , ut fuper- v a c a n e u m f o r e t , p r o l i x a m ejus facere m e n t i o n e m . P a u ­ cis indicasfe fufficiat, deco&a K i n k i n æ c o n c e n t r a t a & A* cidum Vitrioli a lter na vice esfe prteferibenda.

Siquidem ve ro m e d i c a m i n u m vi absque vi£tu i d o n e o & vires reflituenre f c o p u m a t t i ng er e n e q u i m u s , e re e f t , ut C r e m o r e s , Jufcula c a r n i u m , Gelatinse & V i n a r o b o ­ r a n t i a , haec t a m e n p a r c a p o r t i o n e , c o n f u m a n t u r . D e ce- r e r o m o n e n d u m , u t fitus c o r p o r i s , t u m inrer p r o f l u e n ­

d u m , t u m etiam f e d a t o fluxu e r e c t u s , fit e l i g e n d u s , ne l a n g v i d u s æger , f o m n o facile o p p r e s f u s , f a n g v i n i s , fauces jam forte p e t e n t i s , e r u p t i o n e intereat. Jam d e n i qu e c u m interceptas H æ m o r r h a g i æ p e s f i m o r u m faepe causfa lint m a ­ l o r u m , u i t r o fefe offert q uæf t io: an easdem arte q u a d a m c o m p e n f a r e c o n v e n i a t ? P l u r i m a in h a n c r e m i n v e n t a funt a dh ib it a M e d i c o r u m f ol er ti a, q u o r u m t a m e n p a u c a adplicari p o s f u n t ; c u m v e r o H i r u d i n u m ut & C u c u r b i t a ­ r u m c r u e n t a r u m ufus ac pr æft an ti a p e r b e n e notus fir, absque o m n i b u s aliis i n f l r u m e n t i s & encheirefi q u a c u n q u e h * c nobis fuffeftura confidimus.

References

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