RESEARCH REPORT ~v~~A'9s':2~
HEAT STORAGE I1o1 ROCK
— MULTIPLE `il1/ELL SYSTEM
SOREN ANDERSSON
A NDERS ERIKSSON
BO
NORDELL
Presented at the Energy Storage Conference,
~ Seattle Oct 19-21 1981
=-~
Serie A no 79
\l1/ater Resources
Engineering Lulea
0
HEAT STORAGE IN ROCK - MULTIPLE WELL SISTF.`f Soren Andersson Anders Eriksson
AIB Consulting Engineers P.O. Box 5511 5-114 85 Stockholm, Sweden Bo Nordell University of Lulea 5-951 87 Lulea, Sweden 1. INTRODUCTION
The multiple well heat storage system is primarily a seasonal storage. Its function is based on the heat conductivity and storage capacity properties of the rock.
The heat is transferred to or from the rock by means of a fluid, normally water, which is circulated through a Rreat number of boreholes or wells. The boreholes are assumed not to be cased.
100-200 m
Fig. 1. Multiple well heat storage system. Principle sketch
The heat storage capacity of e.g, gneiss and granite is about 0,6 kWh/m3,°C, i.e. ha,i of the corresponding figure for water. Hence, a multiple well heat storage system must have a vole
twice as large as e.g. a rick cavern with water and with the same storage capacity at the same temperature swing. Normal operation temperatures are assumed to be in the range of +10°C [o +8J°C.
2. FUNCTION
2.1 Circulation systems
The heat carrying fluid can be circulated through the wells in open or closed circulation system . Fig. 2. T °C ~► ~ ~ / ~ / / / / T- T°C ~--~~ .-r3-r~ Open circulation system / /
Fig. 2. Multiple well system. Circulation systems 0 T C ~~ T- T°C r . . -v I~7'""'~ Closed circulation ~ system
In a closed circula[ion.sy_stem, the fluid is circulated through U-shaped tubes inserted in the wells. The groundwater in the wells transfers the heat to from the tube and the rock.
In the closed circulation system, the circulated fluid has no direct contact with the rock. Therefore, even if the storage is constructed in fissured rock, there will be no loss of -water, nor will there be any problems concerning chemical precipitations in tubes, heat exchangers, etc.
On the other hand, a closed circulation system causes less favorable heat transfer character-istics because of the non-direct contact between the fluid and the rock.
Storage temperatures above +100°C can be used, provided the active part of the storage is at a sufficient depth under the ground surface. Fig. 3.
.. ~ / / / / . /~ / / / 30340m / ~ ~ / ~ / i / / / / ~ 10o315om / / ~ ~ / i
Fig. 3. Closed circulation system. Storage temperature 120°C a 140°C
In an open_circulation_system the fluid is always water. The water is conducted through a tube down to the bottom of the well, where it is released in direct contact with the rock.
2.2 Hydrogeological conditions
A natural or superimposed groundwater flow may have a significant influence on the thermal behaviour and efficiency of a multiple well heat storage system. The ground water flow depends on the hydraulic conductivity and the hydraulic gradient.
A closed_circulation_system can be used even in fissured rock provided the hydraulic gradient
-is sufficiently low. Comprehensive investigations concerning the hydraulic conductivity of the Swedish bedrock indicate that generally the natural ground water flow would not seriously affect a storage of a reasonable size.
An oPen_circulation_system implies a super-imposed hydraulic gradient because of the operation pressure. Hence, an open circulation system must always if grouting, etc is to be avoided -be placed in non- or less fissured rock. However, preliminary calculations concerning accept-able water losses from the wells indicate a maximum permissible hydraulic co*~uctivity which is normally found at least at a certain depth below the rock surface. T'~e stora~-e milst then be placed below the fissured zone near the rock surface.
2.3 Thermal behaviour
The thermal behaviour of a multiple well heat storage system has been analyzed by means of The Continous Heat Source Model for Ground Heat Storage. Simultaneous parameter studies related to the energy and temperature efficiency of the storage have been carried out. Parameters studied are sire and shape of the storage, spacing between the wells, injection and extraction fluid temperature, thermal characteristics of the rock, etc. f.11, C21.
The thermal behaviour during the heat injection and extraction periods is illustrated in fig. 4, based on the following main conditions
- storage size: depth 100 m, diameter 100 m - bedrock: granite with 5 m overburden
spacing between the wells 4 m - well diameter 150 ~
closed circulation system - max. fluid temperature t80~C - min. fluid temperature +10°C
heat injection and extraction rates and periods according to the upper part of fig. 4.
~w . i
• z
. ~ onth
Fig. 4, Thermal behaviour of a multiple
~Nre
well heat storage system for the first three years
The diagram clearly shows the characteristic thermal behaviour of a multiple well system where [he rock temperature, approximately equal over the entire st~roge vole, is steadily increasing
or decreasing during the injection and extraction periods.
3. CONSTRUCTION COSTS
A pre-design of a full-scale multiple well heat storage system has shown that the storage can be constructed at low costs and with well known technology C37. Construction cost data have been collected and analyzed in order to make possible a cost comparison with other types of seasonal heat storages. The following storage systems have been studied
- insulated steel tank with water o
rock cavern with water
multiple well system (heat storage in solid rock) vertical pipe system (heat storage in clay)
- gravel-water-basin (excavated, insulated and refilled).
The cost information is given in fig. 5 as specific construction costs, i.e. _osts_per_recovered kWh1_as_a function of the size_of the stora~e_and_of_the energy_recovery factor (r~). All cost
--- --- --- ----
---dat2 are based on the following assumptions
- seasonal heat storage (only one storage cycle per year) - T = 55aC (Tm~ 85°C, Tmin - 30°C)
construction costs do not include costs for land use
interest during the construction period ~
operation and maintenance heat pimps
value added tax
- stationary heat losses are considered in respect to resultant lower storage capacity and consequently, higher specific construction costs. (The yearly cos[ of the heat loss itself is not considered.)
- transient heat losses are not considered (however, capitalized costs for transient heat losses may increase the specific construction cost with 0 - 4 7 depending on storage type, size and energy costs).
As can be seen in fig. 5, a multiple well system implies considerably lower construction costs than other generally applicable systems.
SEK/IcWh ~7=SS C s ~": Gravel-w atei (7 ~0, 5-O, BI ~ ,. .. 7 - - .,,~y .~ 1.~. ~~~~~~:: ~<.:n.:m.~a,:x„ ~`~hy~, Ste.i tanit q~0, 9-0,95 _... _ .:... :.... .. ... . ,. ~~m ~ awo K''~Mxm...w..vvwva.w....wwozx...,...«.,....,.. w ~.`a'M,,. .,,.. ...>..,.,...~... _ Rat cavern 7-~ ,i 1*z""'~~~ ...~w:,..„w., ~"~ ~ - :.... . ..::.:. .:::.
Muitlpte well system •) 7=0, 85-0, 85 . .,:. ,...::
. ,...+xo~..,~x<,
n~;.~«.o.«.:,:.:,-n:...~:.:...., ...:...:.:.:::::..:: .::....Mu1H le well s stemp. _. 9 '•) R=0,85-0,85 1 _.... _
..
Vertical pipe system'••) ~
0 S 10 15 20 ~ reeovered energy 0 50.000 100.000 ypp, ppp m~ (steel tank)
~ (rock ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ 50.000 100.000 I50. 000 200.000~ m' cavernl m'~multiple well p 200.000 40G. 000 600.000 800.000 svatem)rock V r 1 m' (vertical pipe 0 200.000 X00.000 800.000 ~ys[em) clay
Fig. 5. Specific construction costs for different types of seasonal heat storage systems. Temperature swing 55°C
'~ disposable ground surface (pipe system in subsurface conduits)
~)~`pipe system on or above ground surface \
~l~'h based on Q T = 20°C (The system is up to now only applied to ~ T = 10°C, but may be considered for Q T up to 45°C).
4. FIELD TESTS
4.1 Downscaled storage
A multiple well storage downscaled 1:4 has been constructed on a test site in Lulea in the north of Sweden. The test is being carried out by the Department of Water Resources Engineering, University of Lulea.
The test simulates 5 years seasonal heat loading and reloading. The 5 years correspond to a test time of 120 days.
The test aims to justify the above mentioned theoretical studies ':11, i27 .
The test storage has 19 wells with an open circulation system for loading and reloading. The wells have a depth of 19 m of which 6 m are overburden. The wells are 1,3 m apart and have a diameter of 52 ~. The storage volume is 431 m3.
Plastic Pipe e 10 mm
Fig. 6. Test site arrangements, Lulea
~2 m
Fig. 7. Test site, Luela
Stwp~ WN •Storage Wells
During loading, water with a temperature up to 65°C is circulated. The heat is taken from the district heating system. During reloading, water with a temQerature down to 20°C is circulated. The amount of the injected and extracted heat is measured as well as the temperature distrib-ution at J5 points in and outside the storage.
The test period is scheduled between 3 July and 31 October 1981.
At present, no evaluated data are available. However, preliminary studies of the test results indicate a good coincidence with the theoretical model. The test results indicate same
deviation from tha theoretical model concerning heat characteristics of the storage, probably due to convection of water through rock fissures.
Final test results will be reported early in 1982. i
4.2 Full scale storage wells
Field tests encompassing a closed circulation system in three wells with a diameter of 150 u~ and a depth of 100 m are in preparation at Che hydraulic laboratory in Alvkarleby. The primary aim of the test is to solve practical problems concerning installation, tube material, etc. Heat transfer characteristics, etc, will be studied simultaneously.
The tests will be carried out by the Swedish State Power Board in cooperation with AIB, Consulting Engineers. Final test results will be reported in 1982. ~
References:
1. Johansson, M. and Claesson, J., 1979
Continous heat source model for ground heat storage. BFR D34:1980, Stockholm
2. Johansson, B, and Nordell, B., 1980
Bedrock heat acc~ulation - a method for large scale seasonal heat storage. TULEA 1980:14, University of Lule$. (In Swedish.)
3. Andersson, S., Eriksson, A. and Tollin, J.
Seasonal heat storage in rock - multiple well system. BFR R66:1981, Stockholm. (In Swedish.)
HOGSKOLAN I LULE~ UNIVERSITY OF LULE~$
1982-12-27
PubZikationer fran avd for Vattenbyggnad
PubZicattions from div of Water Resources Engineering Serie A
Nr Z. Bengtsson, Lars VerttikaZprocesser vid en sno~ta. TULSA 1975:06
Nr 2. Bengtsson, Lars SnosmclZtning uppskattad fran
varmebudget-studier. TULSA 1975:07. Int 2~orkshop Nordic Research Basins, Ede fors 1975.
Nr 3. Bengtsson, Lars Snoz~meZt estimated from energy budget
studies. Sartryek Nordic HydroZogz~ nr 7 1976, 3-Z8.
Nr 4. Bengtsson, Lars Stochastic modelling of dispersion in the
Lulea River. Sartrz~ck Proc. 2:nd IAHR conference. Stochastic Hz~drauZics, Lund 1976.
Nr 5. Bengtsson, Lars The role of river rapids in the
produc-tion of ice. 10-anniversary report, Dep of Water Resources Eng., Lund Inst. Techn 2976.
Nr 6a. Westerstrom, Goran Beskrivning av urbanhydroZogiskt matprogram i Bensbyn, Lulea. TULSA 1976:10.
Nr 6b. Westerstrom, Goran InZedande urbanhydroZogisk studie i
Larsson, Rolf Bensbz~n, Lulea. TULSA 1977:15.
Nr 7. Bengtsson, Lars Statisk istiZZvaxt. TULSA 1976:04. Static
growth of ice (English surrnnary).
Nr 8. Haggkvist, Kenneth Utnytt~jande av kz~Zvatten eZZer Zuftin-Sandkvist, Jim bZasning for att astadkomma isfria hamnar<
Litteraturdversikt. TULSA 1979:08.
Nr 9. Bengtsson, Lars Ice Conditions in the Lulea Harbour.
S'andkvist, Jim TULSA 1978:03. Proe. Symp. 100th
anni-versary of wznter navigation, Oulu, Finland 1977.
Nr 10. Bengtsson, Lars Modelling of Dz~namtic Phenomena in Lakes. TULSA 1978:01. Rapport fran IHP:s sjogrupp. Nr 11. James, William Developing and using corrrputer simulation
models of HydroZ~~ical Systems. VoZwne I. TULSA 1978:0 .
Nr 12. James, William Developing and using corrrputer simulation mode Zs of Hydrological Systems. Volume II. TULSA 1978:05.
Nr 13. Sandkvist, Jim Problems in keeping year-round navigation
in the Lulea Harbour. TULSA 1978:11. Proc. IAHR conference on Ice Problems, Lulea 2978.
Nr 14. Bengtsson, Lars
Nr 15. Bengtsson, Lars
Ice Conditions tin the Rane River, TULSA 1978:12. Proc. IAHR conference on Ice Problems, Lulea 1978.
Wind induced ctirculation in lakes. Nordic H~droZogy 9, 1978, 75-94.
Nr 16. Westerstrom, Goran Report on activities at the University of Lulea. SmaZZ experimental research
basin Bensbyn, Lulea, Sweden. TULSA 1978:21, Int. workshop Northern Research Basins,
Fairbanks, Alaska 1977.
Nr 17. Haggkvist, Kenneth Runoff Water QuaZit~ in connection with Jansson, Bengt-OZov the snoz~meZt and runoff period in an
unurbanized subarctic area. T~LEA 1978:20° Nordic Hydrological Conference, Helsinki 1978.
Nr 18. Bengtsson, Lars The influence of water veZocitz~ on the formation of ice cover. TULSA 1978:19.
Nordic Hz~droZogicaZ Conference, HeZsink2 1978.
Nr 19. Westerstrom, Goran SnozomeZtrates at Lulea, northern Sr~eden. TULSA 1978:18. Nordic Hz~droZogicaZ Con-ference, Helsinki 1978.
Nr 20. Hdggkvist, Kenneth Utnytt~jande av Z&ggradig varmeenergi ti
s~joar. TULSA 1978:17. ~
Nr 21. Lundberg, Angela SnosmdZtning i en punkt. Rapport fran matningar i Bensbyn. TULSA 1979:05.
Nr 22. Lundberg, Angela Avrinnings- och vattenbaZansstudier under snosmaZtningen i Bensb~n 1978. TULSA 1979:13. Nr 23. Bengtsson, Lars The influence of a proposed pwnped storage
hydropower plant on the thermal stratifi-cation of Lake IVO, Sweden. TULSA 1979:02. Proc. Syrup. On the prospects of hydroelectric schemes under the neu~ energy situation and on the related problems, Athen 1979.
Nr 24. Schwarz, Joachim IAHR Recommendations on testing methods of ice properties, Second Report from IAHR working group on standardizing testing Methods in Ice. TULSA 1979:03.
Nr 25. HoZmbom, eke VarmeZagring i naturZigt strommande
grund-vatten. Forstudie. TULE'A 1979:04.
Nr 26. Sandkvist, Jim Reducerad tistiZZvcixt med vattenbaserat skum som isolering. Laboratorzeforsok. m TULSA 1979:06. Reduced growth of ice using
Nr 27. Haggkvist, Kenneth L~ftning och avgransning av s~unkande Sandkvist, Jim utsZapp med bubbeZridaer. ModeZlforsok.
TULSA 1979:08. Mixing and delimiting a sinking water plume with air curtains-Zaboratory experiments (~ngZish sz+mmary). Nr 28a. Bengtsson, Lars SnosmaZtning i tatort. Vag- oeh
vatten-b~ggaren 1979 (ZZ-12), 38-42.
Nr 28b. Sarner, Erik SnosmaZtningens inverkan pa reningsverk. Vag- och vattenbyggaren 1979 (11-12) 49-52. Nr 28c. Johnsson, Anders DagvattenZedningars funktion vintertid.
Vag- och vattenb~ggaren 1979 (11-12) 47-48. Nr 29. Holmbom, eke Energibudgetberdkningar for
genomstromnings-s~oarna DegerseZet och PrasthoZmseZet, vintern 1977-1978. TULSA 1979:12. Nr 30. Bengtsson, Lars Dispersion under is i PrasthoZmseZet
April 1978. TULSA 1979:14, Proe. Nordic Workshop on Lake H~droZog~, LiZZehammer Norrva~, 1979.
Nr 31. Lundberg, Angela Vattenomsdttningsstudie i Bensbz~omradet
1976-1979, - specieZZt snosmaZtningsperioden. BFR-rapport R145-1979.
Nr 32. Bengtsson, Lars Runoff from a surface studz~ plot. Westerstrom, Goran TULSA 1979:24, Int. workshop Northern
Research Basins, Quebec, 1979.
Nr 33. Bengtsson, Lars Vattenutbytet mellan LuZeas innerf~jardar. TULSA 1980:04.
Nr 34. Bengtsson, Lars A theoretical model of water ZeveZs and water exchange between a sz~stem of connected lakes.
Nr 35. Nilsson, Lisbeth InZedande studtie av infiltration i tjaZad mark. TULSA 1979:27.
Nr 36. Larsson, Rolf Temperaturskiktningar i istdekta s~joar. TULSA 1980:05. Temperature stratification in ice covered lakes (English swnmary). Nr 37. Svensson, Urban The structure of the turbulent Ekman layer.
TULSA 1980:06. Tellus .(1979), 31, 340-350. Nr 38. Johansson, Bo varmeZagri~~g i naturmateriaZ. TULSA 1980:13.
NordeZZ, Bo
Nr 39. Johansson, Bo BergZager - en anZaggning for sasongs-NordeZZ, Bo Zagring av varme. TULSA 1980:14.
Nr 40. Baghdadi, A H A The numerical modelling of two phase fZou~s. TULSA 1980:18.
Nr 41. Haggkvist, Kenneth VattenkvaZiteten i varavrinningen i tva mindre omraden i narheten av LuZea aren 1976-1979. SZutrapport, SNV-pro~ekt nr
7-56/76. TULSA 1~7~:~.~.
Nr 42. Sandkvist, Jim Observed growth of brash ice in ship's tracks. TULSA 1980:25.
Nr 43. Bengtsson, Lars Innerf~ardarna i LuZea - Stromningsbe-rakningar. Stadsbyggnad 1979 (11-12), 187-194.
Nr 44. Bengtsson, Lars m fZ Snohantering i tdtort. Byggforskningsradet R27:1980.
Nr 45. Sandkvist, Jim Is i hamnar - Forskning vid Hogskolan i Lulea. Stadsb~ggnad 1979 (11-12), 195-198. Nr 46. Bengtsson, Lars Moderate storm runoff from a small bog.
Vannet i Norden 1980 (1), 27-41. Nr 47. Bengtsson, Lars SnowhydroZogicaZ processes - Lectures
presented at the Technical Univ. of Denmark and Univ. of Helsinki, March 2980.
Nr 48. Bengtsson, Lars Circulation in ice covered lakes. Vizug~i KozZemenyek, Hydraulic Eng. No 4 1980. Nr 49. Bengtsson, Lars Evaporation from a soZ2d snow ever.
Discussion and review of measurements. Nordic Hydrology 1980 (4).
Nr 50. Bengtsson, Lars Hor2zontaZ mixting in rater quaZtit~ modelling. Nordic Hydrological conference, VemdaZen, Sweden 1980.
Nr 51< Bengtsson, Lars SnozumeZt generated run-off from small areas as a datiZ~ transient process. Special issue Geophysica 1981.
Nr 52. Bengtsson, Lars MAGROR - manual for dagvattenprogram -version-79, TULSA 1980:34.
Nr 53. Svensson, Urban Examination of the summer stratification, Nordic H~droZogz~ 1978 (9) 105-120.
Nr 54. Svensson, Urban Mathematical mode Zs of the hydro- and thermodynamics of lakes. Proc. Nordic Workshop on Lake Hydrology, LiZZehammer, Norway, 1979.
Nr 55. Pun, W M Calculation of two-dimensional steady
Rosten, H two-phase flows. Paper presented at ICHMT:s
Spalding, D B Conference in Dubrovnik (1978). Sartryck
Svensson, Urban fran Trio-phase momentum, heat and mass transfer in chemical, process, and energy engineering systems, volume I.
T~1r 56. Larsson, Rolf A one-dimensional numerical study of Svensson, Urban some basic features of the fZo~ in
ice-covered lakes, J. of H~drauZic Res., 1980, Vol. 18. 251-267.
Nr 57. Svensson, Urban A turbulence model for the depth averaged equations of motion, Euromech 130,
BeZgrad, Yugoslavia 1980. TULSA 1981:07. Nr 58. Svensson, Urban On the numerical prediction of vertical
turbulent exchange in stratified flows. Second IAHR Symp, on Stratified FZo~s, Trondheim, Nori,~a~ 1980. TULSA 1981:08. Nr 59. HoZmbom, eke Boundary Zaz~er fZor~ over different
trao-dimensionaZ obstacles. Literature sur-vey. TULSA 1980:35.
Nr 60e Jansson, Bengt-OZov Processtudier av mz~rars hydroZogi. TULSA 1981:04.
Nr 61. Bengtsson, Lars MAGRbR - ett konversationsprogram for berakning av dagvattenfZoden. Vatten 36/4, 325-336, 1980. MAGROR - a conversational program for computing storm water run-off. (English summary).
Nr 62. Bengtsson, Lars SnozvmeZt generated run-off in urban areas. Second Int. Con f. on Urban Storm Drainage,
Urbana, Illinois, June 1981. ~
Nr 63. Bengtsson, Lars Heat losses from an open water surface at very low air temperature - a laboratory experiment. Int. Ass. Hydraulic Research Con f. on Ice Problems, Quebec, JuZz~ 1981. (Representative of the Swedish IHP-eommtitte). Nr 64. Bengtsson, Lars Experiences on the winter ther~maZ regimes
of rivers and lakes with errrphasize on Scandinavian conditions. Int. Ass.
Hydrau-Zic Research, Conf. on Ice Problems, Que?~ec JuZ~ 1981. (Invited lecture as UNESCO rep-resentative).
Nr 65. Bengtsson, Lars SnosmdZtningsintensitetskurvor. DeZrapport.
Nilsson, Lisbeth TULSA 1981:09.
Nr 66. Bengtsson, Lars SnosmaZtning i Urbana och ruraZa omraden i Lulea 1980. Rapport BFR-pro~jekt nr ?91295-7.
Nr 67. SeZZgren, Anders Effekter av ytaktiva substanser vid Hz~d-rauZisk Transport av mineraZer i ror. TULSA 1981:13.
Nr 68. SzoZZosi-Nagy, A. State space mode Zs of the Nash-cascade, kinematic and diffusion waves. Water Resources Research Centre (Vituki), Hun-gar~. TULSA 1981:14.
Nr 69. Sandkvist, Jim Conditions tin brash ice covered channels with repeated passages. Reprint from Proc. Int. Conf. on Port and Ocean Eng. under Arctic Conditions, POAC, Que3ec, Canada July 27-31 1981. TULSA 1981:15.
Nr 70. Haggkvist, Kenneth Combination of a sinking warm water dis-charge and air bubble curtains for ice reducing purposes. Reprint from Proc. Int. Con f, on Port and Ocean Eng. under Arctic Conditions, POAC, Quebec, Canada, July 27-31 1981. TULSA 1981:16.
Nr 71. SzoZZosi-Nagy, Ao On the discretization of the continuous Nash-cascade, TULSA 1981:17.
Nr 72. SeZZgren, Anders Economical use of water in the extraction of ores - some aspects. Reprint from Vatten 36/4: 312-321, 1980.
Nr 73. Bengtsson, Lars Infiltration 2 frusen mark. BFR pro~jekt 800109-9, WREL 1981. Infiltration in frozen soils. (English summary}. TULSA 1982:21. Nr 74. Bengtsson, Lars Sno- och iskarakteristika ur vag- oeh
vattenbyggnadsteknzsk sz~npunkt.
Snow and ice characteristics from a civil engineering point of view.<EngZish swraytary). SFM, Svenskt samarbetsorgan for mark- och terrangtransport, konferens i Lulea - Boden februari 1981. TULSA 1981:29. ,
Nr 75. Bengtsson, Lars The interrelationship between the Bothntian Bay and a series of interconnected lakes -EGS, European Geophysical Societz~ Meeting
Uppsala (abstract).
Nr 76. Bengtsson, Lars Circulation in small lakes - EGS, European Geophysical Society Meeting, Uppsala. Nr 77. Johansson, Bo BergZager - en anZdggning for Zagring av
NordeZZ, Bo varrne i stor skaZa. Sartryck ur Energi-magasinet nr 4, 1980 (49-53).
Nr 78. Bengtsson, Lars Det atmosfariska gransZagret over en sno-~ta. TULSA 1981:23.
Nr 79. Andersson, Soren Heat storage in rock - multiple rveZZ sz~stem. Eriksson, Anders ~'re~entad at the Energy ,~~~age Conference, NordeZZ, Bo Seattle Oct. 1981. TULSA 1981:28.
Nr S0. Westerstrom, Goran Snou~meZt runoff from urban study plot.
Second International Conference on Urban
Storm Drainage Urbana, Illinois, June 1981. TULSA 1982:01.
Nr 81. Bengtsson, Lars
Nr 82. Bengtsson, Lars
Nr 83. Bengtsson, Lars
Dimensionerade snosmaZtningstintenstiteter. Tidskrtiften Vag- och Tlattenbz~ggaren 1982/1 sid. 8-11.
Inverkan av varmeuttag pa temperatur- och
cirkulationsforhallanden i istackta s~joar. On the influence of ~vithdrawaZ of heat on the circulation and the thermal regime of ice covered Zakes.(EngZish swrnnary).
Tidskriften Vatten 1982/1, sid. 3-16.
7rhe Importance of Refreezing on the Diur-naZ SnommeZt Cycle zaith Application to a Northern Sraedish Catchment. Nordic Hydro-Zogy 13, 1982; Z-12.
Nr 84. Marton, Maria Diskussion om anvdndning av
vattenkvaZi-tetsmodeZZen QUAL-II for strorronande ~ven-ska vattendrag. TULSA 1982:08.
Nr 85. HoZmbom, .eke A mathematical model of the urban boundary
Svensson, Urban Zaz~er. TULSA 1982:09.
Nr 86. SeZZgren, Anders SZurrz~ transportation. A feasible systems
solution in underground mines. Hydraulic design considerations. TULSA 1982:10. Nr 87. Svensson, Urban Modelling the turbulence structure of the
adiabatic atmospheric boundary Za~er.
TULSA 1982:12.
Nr 88. Lundberg, Angela Combination of a conceptual model and an autoregressive error model for irrrproving short time forecasting. Nordic HydroZogz~ 1982.
Nr 89. Janssori, Bengt-OZov M~rar, svampar och statistik. Bogs, sponges
and statistics. (English summary). Tid-skriften vatten 1982/1, sid 50-58. Nr 90. Jansson, Bengt-OZov ModeZZering av Torme aZv med HEC.
Proc. Nordic Hz~droZogicaZ Con f. F~rde, Norway, rune 1982.
Nr 91. Bengtsson, Lars SimuZerad utveckZing av LuZeas inre
f~jard-system. Proc. Nordiskt Sz~mp. Landho~jning och kustbygdsforandring, Lulea 1982.
Nr 92. Bengtsson, Lars Ground- and meZtroater in the snozumeZt in-duced runoff. IAHS-Hr~droZogicaZ Sciences BuZ2. voZ. 27 June 1982.
Nr 93. Bengtsson, Lars Vertical transport in a snarepack subjected to diurnal meZtcycZe. J: Cold Reg. Scien-ces 1982.
Nr 94. Bengtsson, bars Snohydx~ologisk forskning. Yag- och vattenb~ggaren 1982/3, sid 61-65. Nr 95. Bengtsson, Lars ModeZZer och anaZysmodeZZer. General
Report. Proc. Nordic H~droLogicaZ Conf. F~rde, Norr,~az~, ~june 1982.
Nr 96. Bengtsson, Lars On the interrelation between dynamic-conceptuaZ and stochastic hz~droZogz~. 7~ce 60 near anniversary of Prof. Gunnar Lindh.
Nr 97. NordeZZ, Bo VkrmeZagring i berg - faZtforsdk i Lulea. Energimagasinet 1982/2, sid 67, 74-75. Nr 98. Bengtsson, Lars Beskrivning av vattenroreZse i den omattade
Lundberg, Angela markzonen. - Litteraturgenomgang, numerisk Starius, Goran modeZZ och simuZeringar. TULSA 1982:15. Nr 99. Jansson, Bengt-OZov Landho~jningens inverkan pa dZvprofiZen i
Torme aZv. SimuZering med HEC. Proc. Nor-diskt Sz~mp. Landhd~jning och kustbygdsforand-ring, Lulea 1982.
Nr 100. Jansson, Bengt-OZov Berakning av d.~irrming om vagbank bz~ggs mellan vag 400 och on Haapakz~Zansaari i Torme dZv. TULSA 1982:18.
Nr 101. Sandkvist, Jim Vertical block sizes in brash ice covered channels. TULSA 1982:19.
Nr 102. Westerberg, Anders SnosmdZtningen i Bensbyn wren 1981 och 1982. The snourmeZt at Bensbz~n the dears 1981 and 1982. (English swrunarYy) . TULSA 1982:33. Nr 103. HoZmbom, .$ke Numerical predictions of flow over
trvo-dimensionaZ obstacles. TU~EA 1982:22. Nr 104. Nilsson, Lisbeth Frysning i servisZedningar. TULSA 1982:24. Nr 105. SeZZgren, Anders RheoZogicaZ anaZ~sis of Industrial Slurries.
An investigation of the pipeline transporta-tion characteristics of two limestone products. TULSA 1982:25.
Nr 106. Bengtsson, Lars Avrinning vid snosmaZtning - Observationer och analys. DeZrapport BFR-pro~jekt nr 800109-9. 5nou~meZt induced runoff. Observations and anaZz~sis. (English su~ronary) . 1982: 046 T. Nr 107. Westerstrom, Goran Estin„Ming snowcover runoff by the
degree-c~ay approach. Paper presented at the Nordic H~z droZogicaZ Conference, F~rde, Norwaz~, 1982. TULSA 1982:29.
Nr 108. Bengtsson, Lars Percolation of meZtivater through a snou~pack. Reprinted from Cold Regions Science and Tech-noZogy, 1982/6, (73-81).
ISSN 0347-0881
HUGSKOIJ~NS TRYCNERI LULEA
