Overview of renewable energy situation in Europe focusing on bioenergy and Waste-to-Energy

(1)

Overview of the

renewable energy

situation in Europe –

Focusing on

Bioenergy and WtE

Inge Johansson, RISE

(2)

RISE in brief

• Present across the whole of Sweden. And beyond. • 2,700 employees, 30 % with a PhD.

• Turnover approx. SEK 3 billion (2018).

• A large proportion of customers are SME clients, accounting for approx. 30 % industry turnover.

• Runs 100s of test and demonstration facilities, open for industry, SMEs,

universities and institutes (RISE is owner and partner in 60 % of all Sweden’s T&D facilities).

(3)

RISE — Mallpresentation 3

(4)

Renewable

energy in

(5)

Targets set out by the EU

Sector

Share in gross final

consumprion per sector

2020

2030

Overall target

20 %

32 %

Heating and

cooling

21%

1.3%/year

(2021-2030)

Electricity

34%

Transport

10%

14%*

Energy efficiency

20%

27-30%

(6)

Limitations and

multipliers

• Sustainability criteria

• Limit of 7% from crops grown on

agricultural land (2020)

• Multipliers for advanced

biofuels and renewable

electricity in transport sector…

• Biofuels with high risk towards

ILUC should be phased out

RISE — Overview of the renewable energy situation in Europe –Focusing on Bioenergy and WtE

(7)

So how do we

perform in

relation to the

targets?

(8)

Well the answer

would be- it varies…

Eleven member

states have

reached their

targets, while

other has a long

way to go in just

three years…

(9)

13,9% 3,1% 4,2% 2,0% 12,0% 64,8%

Renewable Energy source

Hydropower Geothermal

Solar PV Solar Therm

Total 9072 PJ 70,0% 11,8% 1,9% 8,0% 0,8% 0,1% 7,3%

Sources of Bioenergy

Primary solid biofuels Biogases

Biogasoline Biodiesels

Other liquid biofuels Charcoal

MSW-renewable

Total 5881 PJ

(10)

10 Source: World Energy Balances © OECD/IEA 2018

(11)

(12)

Plenty…

• Phasing out nuclear at the same time as phasing out

fossil fuels- is very challenging (Germany)

• Balancing the grid with increasing amounts of intermittent production • Grid capacity when

electrifying

• Renewable options for

aviation and other transport sectors

(13)

Emissions…

• Especially small- scale

appliances (stoves etc) has been an important source since they have no cleaning (and are widely used)

• New Eco-design directive- much

stricter regulation on wood/pellet stoves

• BECCS/U gaining interest from

both biomass and waste combustion

A cold day in the 1960’s in Umeå

A cold day in the new millenium

(14)

Misconceptions

• The image that the forests only will act as carbon sink if they are left untouched

• If the forest is kept growing in a sustainable forestry- there is a larger net uptake of CO₂

• Biodiversity not considered

14

Figure source: IRENA (2019), Bioenergy from boreal forests: Swedish approach to sustainable wood use, International Renewable Energy Agency, Abu Dhabi

(15)

Far to go…

• Still very dependant on landfill… far to the circular economy 38% 10% 5% 46% 1%

EU28 (2016)

Recycling Backfilling Energy recovery Landfill and other Incineration without energy recovery

(16)

It is possible…

• But it takes commitment

from the society…

• And quite a bit of money

(17)

Biogas

• One of the best options currently for organic waste

• Still hard to get profitability without incentivisation

• Competing incentives across the borders

• Competing with other renewables – instead of replacing fossil…

(18)

WtE- Fossil free?

18

The role in a

circular

(19)

(Almost) Everyone

want a sustainable

waste

management… just

not nearby…

NIMBY

(20)

RISE – Research Institutes of Sweden AB · 010-516 50 00 · info@ri.se · ri.se Lindholmspiren 7 A, 417 56 Göteborg · Box 857, 501 15 Borås

Inge Johansson Inge.johansson@ri.se

(21)

RISE´s Mission

from the Swedish Governmen

t

“The industrial research institutes shall be

internationally competitive and facilitate

sustainable growth in Sweden by

strengthening competitiveness and renewal

in the business community.”

(22)

One strong,

unified institute

for Sweden

• Sweden needs a strong, national

innovation capacity to compete on the international stage and to meet major global challenges.

• The new RISE aims to build a

stronger Swedish institute sector that will actively support Swedish industry, providing increased benefits for trade and industry, and society in general.

(23)

Our promise

to the market

• Collaboration for sustainable

renewal

• Added value solutions

• Cutting edge expertise

• An objective partner for

innovation

• Client focus and professionalism

(24)

With our broad range of competencies and

unique expertise, we create added value

Bioeconomy Fire and safety Cement and concrete Certification Circular economy

Design Electronics Energy and fuels Packaging Glass

Health and Care ICT and telecoms Agriculture and food Chemistry, materials

and surfaces Life Science

Maritime Mechanical engineering Mechanics Metrology and

measurement technology Paper and Pulp

Process development Built environment Safety Mobility Wood

Water Production Corrosion Work environment Composites

(25)

Our combined offer

Applied Research and Development

• Research and Innovation projects

• Expert consultation • Service design and design

processes

• Innovation support for SMEs

Industrialisation and Verification  Testbeds and

demonstration facilities  Technical assessments and

verification

 Prototypes and pilot line production

Quality Assurance  Certification

(26)

Sustainability

A central pillar of our business strategy

(27)

RISE Business & Innovation areas

DIGITALISATION

ENERGY AND BIOBASED ECONOMY

SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND COMMUNITIES

HEALTH AND LIFE SCIENCE

MATERIAL TRANSFORMATION