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Further Development of an Audio Analyzer

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of an Audio Analyzer

Examensarbete utfört i elektroniksystem

av

Benny Klevhamre

Peter Nilsson

LiTH-ISY-EX-ET-0222-2002

(2)

Further Development

of an Audio Analyzer

Examensarbete utfört i elektroniksystem

vid Linköpings tekniska högskola

av

Benny Klevhamre

Peter Nilsson

LiTH-ISY-EX-ET-0222-2002

Handledare: Daniel Berg

Examinator: Kent Palmkvist

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Institutionen för Systemteknik 581 83 LINKÖPING Språk Language Rapporttyp Report category ISBN Svenska/Swedish X Engelska/English Licentiatavhandling

X Examensarbete ISRN LITH-ISY-EX-0222-2002

C-uppsats

D-uppsats Serietitel och serienummerTitle of series, numbering ISSN Övrig rapport

____

URL för elektronisk version

http://www.ep.liu.se/exjobb/isy/2002/222/ Titel

Title

Vidareutveckling av en audioanalysator Further Development of an Audio Analyzer Författare

Author

Benny Klevhamre, Peter Nilsson

Sammanfattning Abstract

En del av en Audioanalystor har blivit utvecklad och implementerad som en applikation i det hårdvarubeskrivande språket VHDL. Denna del har sedan programmerats in i en PLD-krets på ett kretskort som används i audiotester för mobiltelefoner på Flextronics. Applikationen konverterar data så att det ska gå att skicka information mellan telefonen och olika

mätinstrument. Applikationen består av två äldre applikationer. Av dessa två har en blivit helt implementerad. I den andra kvarstår att finna orsaken till varför den ger ifrån sig felaktigt data i form av oönskat brus. Arbetet avbröts p.g.a. slutdatum.

A part of an audio analyzer has been developed and implemented as an application in the hardware description language VHDL. This part has later been programmed into a PLD device on a circuit board used for audio tests on mobile telephones at Flextronics. The application converts data, making it possible to send information between the telephone and different measuring instruments. The application consists of two older applications. One of them has been fully implemented. What is left in the other part is to find the cause why it is sending wrong data as unwanted noise. The work had to be stopped when deadline was reached

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