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Mortality in Stockholm: Recent Past, Present, and Future

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http://www.diva-portal.org

This is the published version of a chapter published in Nordic Demography in History and

Present-Day Society.

Citation for the original published chapter: Andersson, G. (2001)

Mortality in Stockholm: Recent Past, Present, and Future.

In: Lars-Göran Tedebrand and Peter Sköld (ed.), Nordic Demography in History and

Present-Day Society (pp. 387-408). Umeå: Umeå universitet

N.B. When citing this work, cite the original published chapter.

Permanent link to this version:

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(17)

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(19)

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References

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