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Biogas is on the up in Stockholm bus services

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Under InFOrMATIOn FACTS The SwedISh ePA PreSenTS FACTS AbOUT dIFFerenT ISSUeS

information facts

beST PrACTICe eXAMPLeS bIOGAS KLIMP – CLIMATe InVeSTMenT PrOGrAMMe FebrUArY 2011

Photograph: Jan e Svensson/Ab Storstockholms Lokaltrafik

biogas is on the up in Stockholm

bus services

Biogas is becoming an increasingly common fuel in Stockholm bus services. A large number of biogas-fuelled buses have entered service, and to make it easier to refuel them, one of the bus depots has acquired its own biogas filling station, with a direct gas line from the sewage treatment plant.

Being able to use biogas – which is often obtained from organic waste – instead of fossil fuels means that vehicle emissions with an impact on climate largely come to an end. Biogas produces lower emissions of nitrogen oxides and particulates, for example, than diesel. In addition, biogas buses are quieter.

Storstockholms Lokaltrafik (Greater Stockholm Local Transport, SL) has invested heavily in new biogas-powered articulated buses, but also in a new filling point at the Söderhallen bus depot. The biogas with which the buses are refuelled comes through a direct line from the nearby sewage treatment plant in Henriksdal. The projects have received support from Klimp and is a good exam-ple of the switch from fossil fuel to biofuel, where the environmental and finan-cial effects benefit both transport providers and travellers.

PositiVE EnVironmEntaL anD Economic imPacts

• Carbon dioxide emissions have decreased by around 3,100 tonnes per year. • Emissions of toxic carbon monoxide have decreased by 384 kg per year. • Emissions of nitrogen oxides have decreased by around 21 tonnes per year. • Particulate emissions have decreased by 311 kg per year. • Biogas buses that replace diesel buses reduce traffic noise. • The reduced emissions of hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides indirectly result in reduced quantities of ground-level ozone.

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swedish EPa Se-106 48 Stockholm. Visiting address: Stockholm – Valhallavägen 195, Östersund – Forskarens väg 5 hus Ub, Kiruna – Kaserngatan 14.

Tel: +46 10 698 10 00, fax: +46 10 698 10 99, e-mail: registrator@swedishepa.se Internet: www.swedishepa.se orders Ordertel: +46 8 505 933 40,

orderfax: +46 8 505 933 99, e-mail: natur@cm.se Address: CM Gruppen, box 110 93, Se-161 11 bromma. Internet: www.swedishepa.se/publications

information facts

beST PrACTICe eXAMPLeS bIOGAS KLIMP – CLIMATe InVeSTMenT PrOGrAMMe FebrUArY 2011 ISbn: 978-91-620-8535-3

imPLEmEntation

In the first of the two projects, SL purchased 51 blue biogas buses for city centre services. Additional buses have been ordered and delivered since the end of the project period. The project was carried out in cooperation with the water company Stockholm Vatten AB, which produced the fuel, and Busslink AB, which was the contractor that operated the buses. As often happens with new technology, the buses suffered certain teething troubles. In the first year of operation some buses were sensitive to variations in the composition of the gas, while other buses were sensitive to the oil pollutants in the gas due to the high pressure. However, the operating problems have not been serious enough to prevent them being gradually rectified.

In the second project, the Söderhallen bus depot has been equipped with a fill-ing station for biogas. The gas is delivered through an 850 metre long pipe direct from the sewage treatment plant in Henriksdal, where sewage sludge is digested to produce biogas. Today 130 biogas buses are refuelled at the depot, which has capacity to supply up to 140 buses. The two projects have contributed to a dramatic increase in the proportion of biogas buses in Stockholm local transport services.

PotEntiaL anD fUtUrE BEnEfit

Biogas is an important element in the switch from fossil to renewable fuels. Biogas produced from waste and residues offers several benefits. It eliminates a waste management problem with possible adverse effects on the environment. The pro-duction does not create conflicts over the use of land for example to produce foods. Integrated ecocycle-adapted systems of this type can be readily developed in urban settings around the world.

whY beST PrACTICe

The projects have made possible a successful transition to a locally produced bus fuel from the sewage treatment plant. The projects have contributed to a sharp reduction in noise and environmentally harmful substances from the buses. The projects also offer great potential for wider dissemination, which may lead to greater use of biogas in other cities in Sweden and abroad. This is confirmed by a large number of Swedish and international study visits to the plant in Söderhallen. Visitors from China, Japan and South Korea have shown interest in implementing similar projects on a larger scale.

FOr FUrTher InFOrMATIOn Contact:

Anna Linusson,

Stockholm County Council,

+46 (0)8-737 25 00, anna.linusson@sll.se Stefan wallin, Sustainable development, Ab Storstockholms Lokaltrafik,

+46 (0)8-686 16 00, stefan.wallin@sl.se Contractors/providers:

Stockholm Vatten Ab supplied and upgraded the gas (this is now dealt with by Scandinavian biogas). busslink Ab (now Keolis Sverige Ab) refuels, services and operates the buses.

MAn and Volvo supplied the gas-powered articulated buses.

The project on the Internet: www.sll.se/miljo

www.sl.se/sv/om-sl/miljo/biogas/ For further information on best Practice: www.naturvardsverket.se/mir

www.swedishepa.se/bestpractice FACTS

Klimp Stockholm County Council 2003

Actions 7.0 and 8.0

environmental investment: SeK 85.9m Grant: SeK 30.7m

References

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