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The changing geography of innovation Chinese and Indian regions and the global flows of innovation Plechero, Monica

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LUND UNIVERSITY PO Box 117 221 00 Lund +46 46-222 00 00

The changing geography of innovation

Chinese and Indian regions and the global flows of innovation Plechero, Monica

2012

Link to publication

Citation for published version (APA):

Plechero, M. (2012). The changing geography of innovation: Chinese and Indian regions and the global flows of innovation. [Doctoral Thesis (compilation), Department of Human Geography]. Lund University Press.

Total number of authors:

1

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