Faculty of Social and Life Sciences
Laura Toivanen
Habitat choice of territorial male Corncrakes
Crex crex in the province of Värmland
Val av habitat hos revirhävdande hanar av kornknarrar Crex crex i
landskapet Värmland
Biology
D-level thesis
Abstract
The Corncrake Crex crex is classified as vulnerable in Sweden according to the Red List of Swedish species. The number of Corncrakes is generally declining and this has been observed in few countries for more than 100 years. In the province of Värmland in Midwestern Sweden, the Corncrake is seldom seen, but more often heard. A national inventory of the Corncrake was made during 2008 and many volunteer ornithologists in the province of Värmland were involved in the work. Observations of singing Corncrakes were done during nights in the agricultural landscape. Totally 64 singing male Corncrakes have been observed during May, June and July. The results of this study show that the Corncrakes in the province of Värmland do not choose a certain habitat type to establish on. Neither do they choose a certain part of the province geographically. The size of the field seems important when choosing a suitable field and in average a Corncrake had an area of 450 ha to utilize. Different habitat elements have been investigated near the observation locations of the
Corncrakes. Roads nearby the fields do not prevent the Corncrakes from settling and singing. The distribution of days when different individuals were singing or silent revealed six possible matings in three different individuals (twice each) and also one probable move from one location to another. There is more than one way to promote the Corncrakes existence in the province of Värmland, and one of them is to delay the mowing of the field or to mow in a different manner.
Sammanfattning
Kornknarren Crex crex är klassificerad som sårbar i Sverige enligt Rödlistan. Antalet kornknarrar håller på att minska i Sverige och liknande tendens är noterat i andra länder sedan mer än 100 år tillbaka i tiden. I landskapet Värmland är kornknarren en sällan sedd, men något oftare hörd besökare. Riksinventering av kornknarren utfördes i hela landet år 2008 och många volontärornitologer i Värmland deltog i
inventeringen. Observationer av sjungande kornknarrar gjordes under nattetid på landsbygden. Totalt observerades 64 hanar från maj till juli. Studien visar att
Introduction
The Corncrake Crex crex is classified as vulnerable in Sweden according to the 2005 Red List of Swedish species, and it is therefore protected by national laws. That Corncrakes are categorized as vulnerable depend on the small and declining
population size. For this reason, future survival of Corncrakes is not ensured unless conservation measures are taken (Gärdenfors 2005). Across its range the Corncrake is classified as near threatened (www.birdlife.org). The decrease of the Corncrake in Sweden was already noted in 1920 and at the same time the same tendency was observed also in Finland (von Haartman 1958). The declining trend has also been observed in Ireland and Great Britain for more than 100 years (Green & Stowe 1993, Hudson et al. 1988). The reason for the decline of Corncrakes in Ireland and Great Britain is changes in vegetation associated with changes in farming practices (Stowe
et al. 1993).
Generally Corncrakes use agricultural landscapes and wetlands as habitats
(Gärdenfors 2005). Variations in these main types of habitat have been investigated in southern Sweden, especially on island of Öland. The types of habitat Corncrakes prefer are diminishing because of changes in agricultural methods and drainage of wetlands (Ottvall & Pettersson 1998a, 1998b). According to Cramp & Simmons (1980) the Corncrake avoids forests, lakes and dense vegetation above approximately 50 cm tall. Favorable aspects of habitats include vegetation with a height from 30 to 50 cm and also enough area of vegetation cover (Schäffer & Münch 1993). The mechanizing of agricultural landscape has diminished the suitable living area for the Corncrake (Cramp & Simmons 1980, von Haartman 1958). The possibility to cut fields earlier in the season and more than once during seasons is also restricting suitable areas and reproduction because machines destroy eggs and nests, and also kill adult Corncrakes (Cramp & Simmons 1980, Green et al. 1997). The nocturnal habit makes it difficult to detect the bird during harvest (Tyler & Green 1996).
The province of Värmland is on the northernmost range of the inland distribution of Corncrakes in Sweden. The Corncrake has also been observed further north, but on the east coast of Sweden, not in the inland. The distribution of the Corncrake in Sweden is mostly on a zone from west to east, which ranges between latitude 58° and 61° (www.artportalen.se).
The declining population of the Corncrake in Sweden has caused the Swedish
Environmental Protection Agency (Statens Naturvårdsverk, SNV) to publish an action plan for the years 2007-2011 to preserve the Corncrake (SNV 2007). The Swedish Ornithology Organization (Sveriges Ornitologiska Förening, SOF) has organized a national inventory of the Corncrake during 2008 and involved the regional
The Corncrake arrives to Sweden and also to the province of Värmland during May and observation of it is recommended to be done during nights with favorable weather because of the nocturnal singing habits of males (SNV 2007). The habitat choice is different kinds of agricultural fields such as cereal fields and silage/hay fields. In this work I have analyzed the distribution of Corncrakes in the province of Värmland, and tested if males prefer certain types and sizes of fields. I have also studied if the Corncrakes prefer fields already occupied by other Corncrakes. The study also includes an analysis of observations in an effort to determine if the males have possibly mated.
Materials and methods
The Corncrake in the province of Värmland was observed by volunteer ornithologists, me included, during May, June, July and August 2008. Persons, who have
accidentally heard or seen a Corncrake, have reported this to some ornithologist, who in turn has reported it further. Fields in some areas of Värmland have been observed systematically and other locations have been visited more spontaneously. Areas where there are a lot of fields nearby each other have been under observation most
frequently. The guideline for taking observations comes from the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (SNV 2007) and it is recommended that the inventory should be made by observations from roads with stops of five minutes and with a distance of 500 meter between stops. The inventory of birds should take place during the nights between 11 pm and 4 am. The location where the male Corncrake sings should be marked on the map and coordinates should be taken, preferably with a Global Positioning System (GPS) device. Also negative observations of locations where Corncrakes previously have been found earlier in 2008 were noted. The observations of Corncrakes have been reported directly to me or in the database Svalan, which is a report system for birds on the Internet (www.artportalen.se). All data received was collected in a spreadsheet, where every unique bird got an individual id-number.
The type of habitat was controlled in the locations where the male Corncrakes were observed. This was done either on the same occasion as the observation or afterwards using the coordinates to find the right location on maps. Four types of habitat were discerned: cereal field, pasture field, set-aside field and silage/hay field. Statistical tests and calculations were done in Microsoft Excel using spreadsheets. The total areas of these habitat types in Värmland were taken from the Yearbook of
populated areas. Large roads were nearer the densely populated areas and were tarmac roads and in certain cases also highways.
The Corncrake’s preference for different field areas was also analyzed. The area of a field was calculated as the combined area of that field and nearby fields if the distance between fields was less than 100 m. The areas were measured with a digital
planimeter and the maps used were the same terrain maps as above. The randomly selected reference areas were measured in the same manner. Distribution of preferred field areas and reference areas were classed using data analysis and histograms. Totally 64 fields were measured as reference and before using a statistical test the sum of frequencies were converted to be equivalent to the number of used fields (the frequencies in different classes were multiplied with the number of fields used
divided with 64). The preferred field areas were then compared with a set of randomly selected reference areas using chi-square test.
The possibly utilized areas were calculated for every male. When a Corncrake shared a field with one or several other males, the area of field was divided with the number of males on that field.
The geographic distribution of Corncrakes was analyzed using data from Statistics Sweden (Statistiska Centralbyrån, SCB) and geographic databases from Karlstad University. Värmland was divided into three parts. The southern part included the municipalities: Årjäng, Grums, Säffle, Hammarrö, Karlstad, Kil, Forshaga, Storfors and parts of Karlskoga, Degerfors and Gullspång (the last three do not belong at all to the county of Värmland, but partly in the province of Värmland). The central part included municipalities of Eda, Arvika, Sunne, Munkfors, Hagfors and Filipstad and the northern part included only Torsby (Appendix 1). Geographic Information System (GIS) was also used in the form of ArcGis 9.2. The total area of agricultural fields was calculated for each municipality in the province of Värmland and these values were added for the three different parts of the province. The proportions of field areas within the province of Värmland in parts of Karlskoga, Degerfors and Gullspång were estimated to be the same as the proportions of areas of these municipalities inside the province of Värmland. It was expected that the proportion of birds found in different parts of Värmland would be the same as the proportion of calculated field areas if the Corncrakes were distributed randomly. The expected numbers of Corncrakes were then compared with the observed number of Corncrakes for all three parts using chi-square test.
To get an indication if males were mated a sheet containing all observations of each individual were created. The indication of mating is the reduction of singing by males during several nights (Tyler & Green 1996). In the sheet three types of categories were used: observation, not re-found and probably in the same location as before. The last category means that the location was not observed during that time, but that the Corncrake was probably on the same location because a Corncrake was observed later again in that same location.
Results
silage/hay field. Cereal field was the habitat type in 11 cases and pasture field in 10 cases. Six Corncrake individuals used set-aside field as habitat (Table 1, Appendix 2). The Null Hypothesis is that there is no habitat preference. Comparing the expected and observed values using a chi-square test, revealed no significant difference between the expected and actual values (χ2 = 7.44, p = 0.059, df = 3), indicating that Corncrakes do not choose the habitat type by preference.
Figure 1. The distribution of the Corncrakes in the province of Värmland. The coordinates in
the right corner show the position in national coordinate system RT90.
Table 1. The observed and expected number of Corncrakes in different habitat types.
Habitat type Observed Expected Set-aside field 6 4.76 Pasture field 10 7.40 Cereal field 11 15.66 Silage/hay field 37 36.18
Total 64 64.00
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Railroad Wetland Lake Large road Edge of woods
Stream Small road Habitat element
Figure 2. The number of different habitat elements in the locations where Corncrakes was
observed in Värmland.
During 2008 there were totally 36 fields used by Corncrakes in Värmland. The size of field used by Corncrakes varied between five and 5262.5 ha. According to a
histogram with six classes the field areas mostly used were fields larger than 650 ha with 13 fields and fields smaller than 130 ha with ten fields (Figure 3). The class between 130 and 260 ha had seven fields, the class up to 390 ha two fields, the class up to 520 ha no fields and the class up to 650 ha four fields. The Null Hypothesis is that the Corncrakes do not have a preference of area when choosing a field. An analysis comparing the size of randomly selected fields with observed fields indicates that Corncrakes prefer larger fields (Figure 3, χ2 = 295.5, p << 0.0001, df = 5). Due to this the Null Hypothesis is rejected.
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 130 260 390 520 650 More Class (ha) Observed Expected
Figure 3. The distribution of fields in hectares (ha) where Corncrakes were observed (white)
between 520 and 650 ha. The class between 130 and 260 ha had seven males, the class up to 390 ha three males and the class up to 520 ha had no males.
0 10 20 30 40 130 260 390 520 650 More Class (ha) F req ue nc y
Figure 4. The number of Corncrakes in different size classes of fields, n=64.
The mean value for the possible utilized area was 456.9 ha±59.9 S.E. (the sum of field sizes divided with the number of Corncrakes). The possible utilized areas varied between five and 1657.5 ha. The number of Corncrakes sharing the same field varied between one and seven males. There were more than one male on 12 fields of 36. The largest possible utilized area class was the class up to 130 ha, and it had 19
individuals (Figure 5). The next largest was the class with areas larger than 650 ha, and it had 16 individuals. The area class between 130 ha and 260 ha had nine
individuals, the class after that up to 390 ha 15 individuals, the class up to 520 ha had no individuals and the class up to 650 ha had five individuals.
0 5 10 15 20 130 260 390 520 650 More Class (ha) F re que nc y
Figure 5. The distribution of possible utilized areas for Corncrakes in different size classes,
n=64.
In the southern part of the province of Värmland a total of 48 individuals, which is 75 % of all observed Corncrakes, were found. In the central part of Värmland 15
individuals were found and in the northern part one individual (Table 2). The Null Hypothesis is that Corncrakes are randomly distributed in Värmland. The result of chi-square test (χ2 = 0.84, p = 0.66, df = 2) shows that Corncrakes are distributed at random, i.e. they do not prefer certain parts of the province.
Table 2. The observed and expected number of Corncrakes in different parts of the province
of Värmland.
Part Observed Expected
Southern 48 45.50
Central 15 16.38
Northern 1 2.11
The observations of days when Corncrakes were observed revealed six probable matings in three different individuals, two times for each. These individuals were two individuals in Bråne (id-numbers 11 & 12), and one in Mariehov (id-number 24) (Table 3, Appendix 2). The individuals in Bråne were both silent during one night. The individual in Mariehov was silent during two nights. The locations for these three individuals are quite near each other in Trossnäs, northwest part of the municipality of Karlstad (Appendix 1). The observations also revealed that one individual probably moved from one location to another. This one individual was from Brakerud (id-number 10), a location northwest from Karlstad and the male probably moved to Östra Tolerud (id-number 28) on the 25th June (day number 37). The new location lies a little northward from Brakerud. The change of location also includes a change of habitat type from pasture field to silage/hay field.
Table 3. The observations of days when the Corncrake was observed in a field or not
re-found in the same location. Dn = day number, ID = id-number, black = observed individual, dark grey = not re-found, light grey = individual probably in the same location.
Dn 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 ID 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 Discussion
probably that the cereal fields are mowed while pasture fields are not. The habitat type used by Corncrakes in this study was in more than half of the cases hay/silage fields and this is close to the result of another study (Mayes & Stowe 1988). In more than half of the observations small roads were present. It indicates that the presence of small roads do not prevent the Corncrake to establish territories in
specific fields. Large roads also seem to be quite unimportant because large roads are present in one quarter of the locations of Corncrakes. It is possible that the presence of a large road make the singing of a Corncrake less hearable for other individuals. It is also more difficult for ornithologists to hear Corncrakes because of cars making a lot of noise in the nighttime. The roads were also present in many of the cases because observation has been done mostly from roads. It is possible that there are more
individuals singing far away from roads, which have been missed in this survey. Lakes or wetlands seem not to be important for Corncrakes in Värmland. A study of the Corncrake in North Karelia in East Finland shows that lakes are present more than in half of the observations, but this can be due the presence of many lakes in this area (Hottola 1996).
The area of the field male Corncrakes choose to sing in seems to be important
according to the statistical analyses. The analyses show that fields with larger area are more attractive than smaller ones. This makes sense since larger areas can probably offer more food and females.
There seems to be a tendency that male Corncrakes do not share the same field with several other males because of all fields observed 67 % had only one male. This might indicate that Corncrakes in Värmland need quite large areas. In this study the area possible utilized varied between five and more than 1600 ha. In another study in Great Britain and Ireland (Green 1996) the mean area per bird varied from 0.4 ha to 10.7 ha and the area of territory in a study on the island of Öland varied between 1.1 and 13.4 ha (Ottvall & Pettersson 1998a). One difference between this study and the other two is the way territories have been delimited. In these studies observations of singing sites were used whereas in this study, area was just divided by the number of Corncrakes. Therefore these studies are not comparable. Densities of Corncrakes in Värmland may be lower than in the other areas investigated since it is on the outer perimeter of the inland distribution. In 12 cases there were more than one male in the same field and this tendency might indicate that males are using other males song as indicator to choose a field of good quality. They might also attract more females to that field because of their singing together is more hearable when singing on the same time.
The majority of all locations where Corncrakes have been observed in Värmland were in the southern part of province. This is natural because there is more agricultural land in the southern part than in the rest. That more Corncrakes are found in the southern part is also reasonable because there is more active ornithologists living there. Because no radio-tracking, marking with rings or recording of the song were used in this study it is quite hard to know if there really are that many individuals in
been regarded as several individuals. If recording of the song were done, it could have revealed that the song heard were from the same individual but in different locations during different nights. One example of one potential individual with two id-numbers is the individual, who potentially moved from Brakerud (id-number 10) to Östra Tolerud and is there recognized as a new individual with new id (id-number 28) (Appendix 2). Moving from one location to another is probable because males are known to change singing location quite often, which may be at least one kilometer away (Ottvall & Pettersson 1998a).
It is possible to promote the existence of the Corncrake in Värmland. For example delaying the mowing of the fields to a later date is probably the best way. This is because Corncrakes will have more time to mate, incubate eggs and raise the young to independence. In the absence of mowing, females often produce two clutches per season with higher survival rate of clutch and brood (Green et al. 1997). Another example of how to promote the Corncrake is to let more of the fields to stay as set-aside fields. The method of mowing the fields is also essential for the survival of the Corncrake, because when the field is mowed from centre outwards, the survival rate is higher than when mowing from outside towards the centre (Green et al. 1997). It is also possible to attract Corncrakes to certain wanted fields using playback of Corncrake song (Ottvall & Pettersson 1998a) and then remove the player later to avoid causing stress in Corncrakes.
Acknowledgement
References:
Berg Å. & Gustafson T. 2007. Meadow management and occurrence of corncrake
Crex crex. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 120: 139-144.
Cramp S. & Simmons K. E. L. 1980. The Handbook of the Birds of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa: The Birds of Western Palearctic, Vol. 5.
Eklund I. & Sahlberg G. 2008. Yearbook of Agricultural Statistics 2008. Official Statistics of Sweden.
Green R. E. 1996. Factors affecting the population density of the corncrake Crex crex in Britain and Ireland. Journal of Applied Ecology 33: 237-248.
Green R. E. & Stowe T. J. 1993. The decline of the corncrake Crex crex in Britain and Ireland in relation to habitat change. Journal of Applied Ecology 30: 689-695. Green R. E., Tyler G. A., Stowe T. J. & Newton A. V. 1997. A simulation model of the effect of mowing of agricultural grassland on the breeding success of the
corncrake (Crex crex). Journal of Zoology 243: 81-115. Gärdenfors U. 2005. The 2005 Red List of Swedish species.
von Haartman L. 1958. The Decrease of the Corncrake. Commentationes Biologicae XVIII. 2. Societas Scientiarum Fennica.
Hottola P. 1996. Ruisrääkän biotooppivaatimukset ja perinnemaisemien hoito / Conservation of Corncrake and Managemenet of traditional rural Landscapes. Pohjois-Karjalan Ympäristökeskuksen monisteita nro 9.
Hudson A. V., Stowe T. J. & Aspinall S. J. 1990. Status and distribution of Corncrakes in Britain in 1988. British Birds Vol.83 Nr.5: 173-187.
Mayes E. & Stowe T. 1988. The status and distribution of the Corncrake in Ireland, 1988. Irish Birds 4: 1-12.
Ottvall R. & Pettersson J. 1998a. Kornknarrens Crex crex biotopval, revirstorlek och ortstrohet på Öland: en radiosändarstudie. Ornis Svecica 8: 65-76.
Ottvall R. & Pettersson J. 1998b. Is there a viable population of Corncrakes Crex crex on Öland, southeastern Sweden? : habitat preference in relation to haymowing
activities. Ornis Svecica 8: 157-166.
Schäffer N. & Münch S. 1993. Untersuchungen zur Habitatwahl und Brutbiologie des Wachtelköniges Crex crex im Murnauer Moos / Oberbayern. Die Vogelwelt 2: 55-72. Stowe T. J., Newton A. V., Green R. E. & Mayes E. 1993. The decline of the
corncrake Crex crex in Britain and Ireland in relation to habitat. Journal of Applied
Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (Statens Naturvårdsverk, SNV). 2007. Åtgärdsprogram för kornknarr (Crex crex), 2007-2011. Rapport 5705.
Tyler G. A. & Green R. E. 1996. The incidence of nocturnal song by male Corncrakes
Crex crex is reduced during pairing. Bird Study 43: 214-219.
http://www.artportalen.se/birds (2008-11-22, 2009-01-31, 2009-02-03) Note that certain information in Svalan, the report system for birds, is only available after login. http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid =2878&m=0 (2009-03-01)
http://scb.se (2009-01-21)
Appendix 1. Map over the province of Värmland with its municipalities. The coordinates on
Appendix 2. All observed Corncrakes in the province of Värmland. The date is the time for
the first observation. ID = id-number, Sr = small road, St = stream, Ew = edge of woods, Lr = large road, La = lake, We = wetland, Rr = railroad, Dn = the day number from the May 20
2008. The coordinates are in national coordinate system RT90.
ID Name of location Habitat Area ha Sr St Ew Lr La We Rr North East Municipality Date Dn
1 Leverbyn, Töcksfors pasture field 207.5 x 1281700 6605150 Årjäng 31/5/08 12
57 Ström cereal field 322.5 x x 1292725 6598389 Årjäng 7/7/08 49
63 Högelian set-aside field 312.5 x x 1292350 6599400 Årjäng 27/6/08 39
64 Högelian set-aside field 312.5 x x 1292350 6599400 Årjäng 28/6/08 40
2 Myre silage/hay field 65.0 x 1310960 6634860 Arvika 31/5/08 12
3 Perserud silage/hay field 87.5 x x 1323100 6626690 Arvika 5/6/08 17
4 Perserud silage/hay field 87.5 x x 1323851 6625536 Arvika 27/6/08 39
58 Sävlaken silage/hay field 255.0 x 1317721 6622088 Arvika 1/7/08 43
5 Hammar pasture field 627.5 x 1305260 6639330 Eda 31/5/08 12
6 Hammar pasture field 627.5 x x 1304930 6639380 Eda 31/5/08 12
56 Färnlaken set-aside field 5.0 x x 1406977 6620599 Filipstad 9/7/08 51
7 Östra Berg silage/hay field 25.0 x 1427926 6587483 Karlskoga 23/5/08 4
8 Östra Berg silage/hay field 25.0 x 1427926 6587483 Karlskoga 29/5/08 10
9 Åstorp, Ängen cereal field 552.5 x x 1388160 6609910 Karlstad 1/6/08 13
10 Brakerud pasture field 3979.5 x x 1358800 6590800 Karlstad 7/6/08 19
11 Bråne cereal field 1842.5 x x 1362300 6591750 Karlstad 27/5/08 8
12 Bråne cereal field 1842.5 x x 1362909 6592464 Karlstad 29/5/08 10
13 Åsen silage/hay field 552.5 x x x 1391900 6609800 Karlstad 4/6/08 16
14 Ängarna silage/hay field 552.5 x x 1390450 6610050 Karlstad 31/5/08 12
15 Spätterud silage/hay field 552.5 x x 1389200 6610200 Karlstad 31/5/08 12
16 Spätterud silage/hay field 552.5 x x 1389200 6610200 Karlstad 4/6/08 16
17 Björby set-aside field 1507.5 x 1372546 6593058 Karlstad 8/6/08 20
18 Härtsöga cereal field 1842.5 x x 1363600 6590550 Karlstad 28/5/08 9
19 Herrestad silage/hay field 3979.5 x x x 1358100 6591650 Karlstad 27/5/08 8
21 Alstern silage/hay field 1507.5 x x 1371940 6594230 Karlstad 14/6/08 26
22 Kärne pasture field 1842.5 x x x 1361780 6593199 Karlstad 25/5/08 6
23 Kätterud cereal field 1842.5 x 1363859 6590598 Karlstad 7/6/08 19
24 Mariehov cereal field 3979.5 x 1359650 6590900 Karlstad 27/5/08 8
25 Nyeds-Slängserud set-aside field 1120.0 x x 1387250 6603484 Karlstad 4/6/08 16
26 Önnerud silage/hay field 1842.5 x x 1362250 6589450 Karlstad 28/5/08 9
27 Östra Tolerud silage/hay field 632.5 x x 1358650 6598350 Karlstad 2/6/08 14
28 Östra Tolerud silage/hay field 632.5 x 1359850 6597750 Karlstad 26/6/08 38
50 Kappstad silage/hay field 1402.5 x x x 1381850 6594300 Karlstad 3/6/08 15
59 Lindfors, Folkets park silage/hay field 552.5 x 1388509 6611098 Karlstad 24/7/08 66
60 Knappstad silage/hay field 17.5 x 1366000 6583900 Karlstad 12/6/08 24
61 Lindfors silage/hay field 552.5 x 1388509 6611098 Karlstad 25/6/08 37
62 Härtsöga cereal field 1842.5 x 1363900 6591300 Karlstad 4/6/08 16
29 Nilsbysundet silage/hay field 160.0 x x 1359800 6613000 Kil 4/6/08 16
30 Åråsviken-Kilsviken pasture field 237.5 x x 1401654 6556336 Kristinehamn 5/6/08 17 31 Åsen/Drevsta silage/hay field 910.0 x x 1403820 6576918 Kristinehamn 23/5/08 4
32 Dyrön pasture field 5.0 x x 1395129 6549039 Kristinehamn 3/6/08 15
33 Grens gård, Rudskoga silage/hay field 1657.5 x x 1412900 6553230 Kristinehamn 1/6/08 13 34 Järsbergsslätten silage/hay field 910.0 x x 1404927 6575460 Kristinehamn 9/6/08 21 35 Järsbergsslätten silage/hay field 910.0 x 1404828 6576249 Kristinehamn 28/6/08 40 36 Kullen, Ölmeviken pasture field 5262.5 x x x 1396619 6583588 Kristinehamn 30/5/08 11
37 Träfors pasture field 5262.5 x x x 1394996 6590016 Kristinehamn 25/5/08 6
38 Träfors pasture field 5262.5 x x x 1394996 6590016 Kristinehamn 25/5/08 6
39 Vänersvik, Ölmeviken silage/hay field 5262.5 x x 1396879 6583624 Kristinehamn 31/5/08 12
40 Botilsäter cereal field 1352.5 x 1343745 6550288 Säffle 4/6/08 16
41 Häljebol, Björnöflagan silage/hay field 582.5 x 1329130 6586220 Säffle 30/5/08 11 42 Nordöstra Värmlandsnäs silage/hay field 1385.0 x x 1344600 6562700 Säffle 17/6/08 29 43 Säffle gård, Nedre Byälven set-aside field 125.0 x x 1334470 6558840 Säffle 8/6/08 20
20 Kungsskogen cereal field 87.5 x x 1400172 6598833 Storfors 26/6/08 38
44 Lungälven silage/hay field 30.0 x x x 1405580 6607280 Storfors 9/6/08 21
45 Tolen cereal field 660.0 x x x 1417585 6588484 Storfors 8/6/08 20
46 Årås silage/hay field 185.0 x x 1344120 6636340 Sunne 11/6/08 23
47 Backatjärn silage/hay field 2132.5 x x 1353012 6640128 Sunne 6/6/08 18
48 Björken silage/hay field 2132.5 x x 1354635 6644887 Sunne 20/5/08 1
49 N Borgeby silage/hay field 2132.5 x x 1353930 6642718 Sunne 8/6/08 20
51 Edsbjörke station silage/hay field 2132.5 x x x 1352597 6645897 Sunne 27/5/08 8
52 Smedsby silage/hay field 170.0 x x 1355040 6623590 Sunne 20/6/08 32
53 Södra Aplungen, Hensgård silage/hay field 1095.0 x x x 1346911 6627974 Sunne 4/6/08 16
55 Högmon silage/hay field 62.5 x x 1352118 6651945 Sunne 30/6/08 42
