Examensarbete i omvårdnad Malmö högskola
61-90 hp Hälsa och samhälle
Sjuksköterskeprogrammet 205 06 Malmö
Juni 2014
BILAGA 3
Author Year Country Title Study design Setting PopulationInclusion & exclusion criteria
The aims Method Number of
patients Drop out rate
Main findings Study quality
comments Corney B 2008 UK Aggression in the workplace – A study of horizontal violence utilizing Heideggerian hermeneutic phenomenology A Heideggerian methodology was used to illuminate the phenomenon of bullying and answer the question, “How does it feel to be bullied?”
Registered nurses and each interview took 45-60 minutes. To highlight the problem of bullying within nursing. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed and analysed thematically. To validate the themes, they were referred back to the research question, to ascertain whether anything in the research question was not accounted for in the cluster of themes, and whether the themes proposed anything unimplied in the originals.
Two nurses The results highlight the way in which nurses experienced and felt about bullying behaviour, which was fundamental to the structure of nursing itself.
Resulted in the following six themes: Stress, guilt, fear,
enculturalisation, power/control, and reflection/rationalisation.
Low
Analysis saturation is reached and the results are clearly described.
However, the study only contents two participants. The data collection is not clearly described. No transferability can be applied. No ethical reasoning
32
Author Year Country Title Study design Setting PopulationInclusion & exclusion criteria
The aims Method Number of
patients Drop out rate
Main findings Study quality
comments Duddle M & Boughton M Australia 2007 Intraprofessional relations in nursing An explanatory multiple case study design was adopted. Participants’ self-stories told in in-depth interviews.
Data were collected from multiple sources on three different wards within one hospital in Australia between July 2005 and January 2006.
The participants were nurse managers, Registered and Enrolled Nurses. All participants were employed full-time as registered nurses working in medical, surgical ward or elder care.
To explore the way in which Registered Nurses relate to and interact with each other in the workplace, and to identify factors that influence nurses’ interactions with each other.
Reading and re-reading the interview transcripts to identify ‘essential recurring features’ or themes in the data can reduce the interaction process reduced to its ‘essential elements’.
15 participants The workplace can be a difficult place for both very experienced and less experienced nurses, regardless of the clinical environment. They developed skills to assess the potential success of an interaction before approaching another nurse. Some also develop a resilience to conflict in their workplace, accepting it as part of working life.
Middle High The selection, results and data collection is relevant and clearly. Results are transferable to another context However, it’s not clear how the analysis progressed. Uncertainty whether there is data saturation and saturation in the analysis. Author Year Country Title Study design Setting Population
Inclusion & exclusion criteria
The aims Method Number of
patients Drop out rate
Main findings Study quality
33
Gaffney DA et al 2012 USA Making Things Right: Nurses’ Experiences with Workplace Bullying – A Grounded Theory. A qualitative, interview study among nurses in the US. The participants completed an open-ended question embedded in an online survey in 2007. Eleven responses were removed because they offered commentary, broad generalizations or opinions. Six narratives were removed from analysis because they met the US Equal Employment OpportunityCommission definitions of harassment and one was removed because a nurse did not write it.
To reporting the experiences of nurses confronting
workplace bullying and the strategies they use to protect
themselves and their patients.
A constructivist grounded theory approach was used to analyse the data and shape a theory of how nurses make
things right when
confronted with bullying. Data were collected from the narratives of 99 nurses. 18 responses were removed.
The study resulted in four categories:
1. Placing bullying events 2. Assessing the situation 3. Taking action
4. Judging outcomes
High
The whole study is based on a theoretical framework, Grounded Theory. Author Year Country Title Study design Setting Population
Inclusion & exclusion criteria
The aims Method Number of
patients Drop out rate
Main findings Study quality
34
Huntington A et al. 2011 Australian, New Zealand and UK Is anybody listening? A qualitative study of nurses’ reflections on practiceA baseline survey was sent to the participants and was structured into 108
Qualitative analysis of data from a cohort of Australian, New Zealand and UK nurses.
Settings were acute hospital facilities (n = 3975, 59,47%).
To explore nurses’ perceptions of the reality of practice based on data from the Nurses and Midwives
e-cohort Study which examined the workforce
characteristics, work– life balance and health of nurses. Open-ended questions. The analytical discussion is structured around ‘care’ as the organising construct. Of the 7604 that completed the survey, 1909 provided qualitative comments of which 162 related to nursing practice.
Four themes emerged: ‘embodied care’ which discusses the impact of work on the nurse’s physical and emotional health; ‘quantity/quality care’ which addresses increasing pressures of work and ability to provide quality care; ‘organisational (non)care’ raising the seeming lack of support from management; and ‘(un)collegial/self care’ where bullying and professional relationships were raised.
Middle high Selection, data collection, analysis and results are clearly described. No ethical reasoning. There is no data saturation or analysis saturation. No transferability can be applied. Hutchinson M, 2010 Australia A typology of bullying behaviours: The experiences of Australian nurses
Nurses had personal experience of being bullied at work. Reported here are findings from the first stage of a three-stage sequential mixed methods study of bulling in the Australian nursing workforce.
To explore the nature of bullying in the Australian nursing workplace Content analysis of the verbatim interview transcripts was performed using the NVIVO 7 software program. In depth, semi structured interviews. Twenty-six participants (n = 24 registered and two enrolled nurses)
The analysis identified six major categories and constituent sub-categories. The typology of bullying behaviours reported here is one of these major categories.
Middle high Selection, data collection, analysis and results are clearly described. No ethical reasoning. There is no data saturation or analysis saturation. Author Year Country Title Study design Setting Population
Inclusion & exclusion criteria
The aims Method Number of
patients Drop out rate
Main findings Study quality
35
Khademi M, Mohammadi E, Vanaki Z 2012 Iran Nurses’ experiences of violation of their dignityA qualitative study.
Nurses working in general surgery, oncology, and orthopaedics wards and the intensive care unit (ICU) of two university hospitals in Tehran were interviewed.
To understand the nurses’ experiences of violation of their dignity at work and to explore its
dimensions.
The data of the study were collected through unstructured interviews from July 2009 to August 2010. Totally, 26 face-to-face interviews with 15 participants were conducted. Each interview lasted between 15 to 80 min
15 Experiences of violation of dignity include seven categories and four main themes: irreverence, coercion and violation of autonomy, ignoring scientific and professional abilities, and denying the value of nurse/ care
Low
The selection is not clearly spelled out, not clear how many of the population who are nurses. MacIntosh J et al 2010 Canada Workplace Bullying in Health Care Effects Meaning of Work.
Seven registered nurses working in staff positions, three nurses in specialized roles, three licensed practical nurses, three social workers, one home care worker, one housekeeper, one therapist, and two nurse educators. Participants were interviewed.
To explore the impact of workplace bullying on women working in health care Interviews were analysed using traditional grounded theory methods. We used levels of coding consistent with grounded theory practices and constant comparison to discover similarities and differences.
21 The women experienced a change in their meaning of work when they had experienced workplace bullying, and they addressed this change through
a process we called the shifting meaning of work.
Middle high Selection, data collection, analysis and results are clearly described. There is also a hypothesis. No ethical reasoning. Unclear if data saturation or analysis saturation are reached. Author Year Country Title Study design Setting Population
Inclusion & exclusion criteria
The aims Method Number of
patients Drop out rate
Main findings Study quality
36
MacKusick CI &Minick P 2010 USA
Why Are Nurses Leaving? Findings From an Initial Qualitative Study on Nursing Attrition Inclusion criteria consisted of licensed registered nurses with a minimum of 1 year of clinical practice and no clinical practice in the last 6 months. The interviews were conducted in 2007
To identify the factors influencing the decision of registered nurses to leave clinical nursing practice A phenomenological research design was used to provide an in-depth understanding of nurses’ decisions to leave clinical practice. Semi-structured interviews
10 Three themes were emerged: unfriendly workplace, emotional distress related to patient care, and fatigue and exhaustion. Unfriendly
workplace was evidenced by nurses
reporting issues of sexual
harassment; verbal or physical abuse from co-workers, and/or consistent lack of support from other registered nurses.
Middle high Data collection, analysis and results are clearly described. The context is not described. No ethical reasoning. Unclear if data saturation or analysis saturation are reached. No transferability can be applied. Author Year Country Title Study design Setting Population
Inclusion & exclusion criteria
The aims Method Number of
patients Drop out rate
Main findings Study quality
comments Simsons SR & Mawn B 2010 USA Bullying in the Workplace – A Qualitative Study of Newly Licensed Registered Nurses A qualitative
descriptive design with newly licensed US nurses.
Included registered nurses licensed from 2001 to 2003 in the state of Massachusetts who had graduated from a diploma, associate degree, baccalaureate, or direct entry master’s To examine the stories of bullying among nurses based on actual or witnessed experiences. They responded to an open-ended question on a survey about bullying mailed to their homes.
Content analysis was used. After reading and rereading the narratives, the transcripts were entered into NVIVO 7.
184 Four major themes emerged that related to varying types of bullying behaviours, perceived causes of bullying, and the impact of bullying behaviours.
The themes included structural bullying; nurses “eating their young”; being out of the clique; and leaving the job.
Middle high Selection, data collection, analysis and results are clearly described. Analysis saturation is reached. Unclear if data saturation is reached. No ethical reasoning. No
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program. Nurse man-agers and supervisors were excluded from the study. transferability can be applied. Author Year Country Title Study design Setting Population
Inclusion & exclusion criteria
The aims Method Number of
patients Drop out rate
Main findings Study quality
comments
Tinsley C & France NEM
2004 USA
The Trajectory of the Registered Nurse’s Exodus from the Profession: A Phenomenological Study of the Lived Experience of Oppression
A hermeneutic phenomenological design was used. The sample criteria were experienced registered nurses who worked at least 5 years in the profession of nursing and then chose to leave the active practice of nursing.
To explore why experienced registered nurses chose to exit the active practice on nursing
Data collection tools included audiotaped interviews, field notes and the researchers’ journals. The interviews lasted 30-60 minutes. Open questions were used.
5 Three essential structures and a synthesis of unity emerged from repeating and enduring patterns. The essential structures were: “I loved it…this is what I want to do…”, suffering, and the exodus
Low
Selection, data collection and results are clearly described. Data saturation is reached. No context or ethical reasoning. Uncertainty about the analysis progress. No analysis saturation. No transferability can be applied.
