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Design, production and evaluation of rigid helix fusion between affibody molecules and framework proteins aimed for Affibody:antigen structure determination using single-particle cryo-EM

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INOM

EXAMENSARBETE BIOTEKNIK,

AVANCERAD NIVÅ, 30 HP STOCKHOLM SVERIGE 2020,

Design, production and evaluation

of rigid helix fusion between

affibody molecules and framework

proteins aimed for

Affibody:antigen structure

determination using single-particle

cryo-EM

OSCAR BERGSTRÖM

KTH

SKOLAN FÖR KEMI, BIOTEKNOLOGI OCH HÄLSA

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Design, production and evaluation of rigid helix

fusion between affibody molecules and

framework proteins aimed for Affibody-antigen

structure determination using single-particle

cryo-EM

Oscar Bergström

Master s thesis in Medical Biotechnolog

May 26, 2020, Stockholm, Sweden

Supervisor: Johan Nilvebrant

Examiner: Yves Hsieh

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Abstract

Single particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is an emerging and growing technique for structural analysis of proteins. However, limitations within the technique leaves the majority of proteins too small for structural analysis by cryo-EM with high resolution. A method to circumvent this limitation has been to rigidly link the protein of interest to a larger symmetric protein scaffold followed by analysis of the larger complex. Preferably, the linkage should be performed genetically via a shared rigid alpha helix junction, improving the resolution due to restricted flexibility. However, creating rigid linkages between proteins with shared fusion helices is not trivial and requires that both proteins have a terminal helix available. To work around this, alpha-helix containing affinity proteins such as affibodies or DARPins have been shown amenable to fusion via shared rigid helices to different scaffolds, providing bio-affinity- based platforms for non-covalent capture of target proteins for structural studies by cryo-EM.

In this project new designs of rigidly alpha-helix-linked affibody-scaffold fusion proteins for cryo-EM applications were designed and initially evaluated with the long-term goal to create a general affibody-based cryo-EM scaffold platform. Analyses of in silico designed and recombinantly produced fusion proteins using size exclusion chromatography, mass spectrometry and surface plasmon resonance show at least one promising candidate for future structural analysis using cryo-EM.

Key words

Single particle cryo-electron microscopy, Alpha helix fusion, protein scaffolds, affibodies, rabbit muscle aldolase,

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Sammanfattning

Singel-partikel kryoelektronmikroskopi (kryo-EM) är en framväxande teknik för strukturell analys av proteiner. Dock finns begränsningar inom tekniken vilket gör att majoriteten av proteiner är för små för att kunna strukturbestämmans med hög upplösning med kryo-EM. En metod för att kringgå detta problem är genom att binda proteinet man vill analysera via en rigid länk till ett större symmetriskt protein, detta görs helst genetiskt via en delad alfahelix-fusion, varpå hela komplexet analyseras. Det stora proteinet kan agera som en ställning vilket det andra mindre proteinet kan bindas till kovalent för att på så sätt möjliggöra analys av proteinet i kryo-EM genom minskad flexibilitet. Att skapa en delad alfahelix-fusion är dock inte trivialt och kräver att båda proteinerna har en alfahelix tillgänglig. För att arbeta runt det här har alfaheliska affinitetsproteiner som Affibody och DARPin visats vara förmögna att fortfarande binda till sina antigen efter att kovalent ha bundits till större protein via delad alfahelix fusion.

Detta kan utnyttjas för att skapa en bioaffinitests-plattform för icke-kovalent bindning av målproteiner till stora och symmetriska proteinkonstruktioner för strukturell analys via kryo- EM. I detta projekt utvecklas därför nya designer för delad alfahelix-fusion mellan en affibody och ett större protein som får agera ställning, med målet att skapa en generell design som fungerar för varje tillgänglig Affibody. Analyser gjorda på de in silico designade och rekombinant uttryckta fusions proteinerna via size exclusion chromatography, masspektrometri och surface plasmon resonance i det här projektet visar minst en lovande kandidat för framtida strukturanalys med kryo-EM.

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