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REFERENCES for BRIDGE SCOUR EVALUATION IN THE UNITED STATES

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MELB-BSP-REF

REFERENCES

for

BRIDGE SCOUR EVALUATION IN THE UNITED STATES

1. Abed, L.M., "Local Scour Around Bridge Piers in Pressure Flow," Ph.D. Dissertation, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 1991.

2. Abed, L.M., Richardson, E. V., and Richardson, J. R., "Bridges and Structures," Transportation Research Record 1290, Vol 2, Third Bridge Engineering Conference, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 1991

3. Ahmad, M., "Experiments On Design And Behavior Of Spur Dikes," Proceedings IAHR, ASCE Joint Meeting, Univ. of Minn., 1953.

4. AASHTO, "Hydraulic Analysis for the Location and Design of Bridges," Vol. VII, Highway Drainage Guidelines, American Association of State Highway and

Transportation Officials, Washington, D. C., 1992.

5. Arneson, L. A., “The Effects of Pressure Flow on Local Scour in Bridge Openings,” Ph.D. Dissertation, Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO., 1997.

6. Arneson, L. A. and Abt, S. R., “Vertical Contraction Scour at Bridges with Water Flowing Under Pressure Conditions,” presented at TRB Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C., 30p, 1998.

7. Ayres Associates. Development of Hydraulic Computer Models to Analyze Tidal and

Coastal Stream Hydraulic Conditions at Highway Structures. Final Report, Phase I.

South Carolina Department of Transportation, Columbia, SC, 1994.

8. Blench, T., “Mobile Bed Fluviology,” University of Alberta Press, Edmonton, Alberta Canada, 1989.

9. Briaud, J. L., Ting, F.C., Chen, H. C., Gudavalli, R., Perugu, S. and Wei, G., “SRICOS: Prediction of Scour Rate in Cohesive Soils at Bridge Piers,” ASCE Jour. Of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Reston VA, April 1999.

10. Brigham Young University, “SMS Surface Water Modeling System,” Reference Manual, Version 5.0, Engineering Computer Graphics Laboratory. Provo, UT, 1997 11. Brown, S. A., R. S. McQuivey, and T. N. Keefer, "Stream Channel Degradation and

Aggradation: Analysis of Impacts to Highway Crossings," Report FHWA/RD-80/159, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C., p 202, 1980.

12. Brown, S. A., "Stream Bank Stabilization Measures for Highway Engineers,: FHWA/RD-84.100, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C., 1985 13. Burkau, R. L. UNET - One Dimensional Unsteady Flow Through a Full Network of

Open Channels. Report CPD-66. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Hydrologic

Engineering Center, Davis, CA, 1993.

14. Butler, H.L., and J. Lillycrop. Indian River Inlet: Is there a Solution? Hydraulic

Engineering, Proc. of the 1993 National Conference, ASCE, Vol. 2, 1993, pp.

1218-1224.

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Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, D.C., 1973

16. Froehlich, D. C., "Abutment Scour Prediction," Paper presented at 68th TRB Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C., 1989

17. Froehlich, D. C., "Contracted Scour at Bridges: Clear-water conditions with Armoring." Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, Reston, VA, 1995.

18. Froehlich, D. C., Finite Element Surface-Water Modeling System: Two-Dimensional Flow in a Horizontal Plane,” FESWMS-2DH, Version 2, User’s Manual, Federal Highway Administration, Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center, McLean, VA., 1996.

19. Jackson, L. E., Thompson, P. D., Richardson, E. R., “Hatchie River and Schoharie Creek Bridge Failures,” ASCE Hydraulic Engineering Proc., 1991 National Conf. Nashville, TN, 1991.

20. Jain, S. C., and E. E. Fisher, "Scour Around Circular Bridge Piers At High Froude Numbers," Report FHWA-RD-79-104, NTIS, Springfield, VA. , 1979

21. Jones, J. S., "Comparison of Prediction Equations for Bridge Pier and Abutment Scour. Transportation Research Record 950, TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., pp. 202-209, 1983.

22. Jones, J. S., "Laboratory Studies of the Effects of Footings and Pile Groups on Bridge Pier Scour," U.S. Interagency Sedimentation Committee Bridge Scour Symposium, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, D.C., 1989.

23. Jones, J. S., Bertoldi, D. A., and Umbrell, E. R., “Preliminary Studies of Pressure Flow Scour,” ASCE Hydraulic Engineering, Reston, VA, pp 916-921., 1993.

24. Jones, J. S., Bertoldi, D. A., and Umbrell, E. R., “Interim Procedures for Pressure Flow Scour,” ASCE North American Water and Environment Congress, Reston, VA, CD, 1996

25. Jones, Personal Communication, 1998.

26. Keefer, T. N., R.S. McQuivey, and D.B. Simons, “Stream Channel Degradation and Aggradation: Causes and Consequences to Highways," FHWA Report

FHWA/RD-80/038, Washington, D. C. , 86 p, 1980.

27. Lagasse, P. F., J.D. Schall, F. Johnson, E. V. Richardson, and F. Chang. Stream

Stability at Highway Structure, Second Edition, HEC 20, FHWA Reportt

FHWA-IP-90-014. U.S. Depart. of Transportation, 144p, 1995.

28. Lagasse, P. F., Byars, M.S., Zevenbergen, L. W. and Clopper, P., “Bridge Scour and Stream Instability Countermeasures,” HEC 23, FHWA Report HI-97-030, U. S. Depart. of Transportation, 1999

29. Landers , M. N., and Mueller, D. S., “Channel Scour at Bridges in the United States,” FHWA Report FHWA-RD-95-184, U.S. Depart. of Transportation, McLean, VA. 128p, 1996.

30. Laursen, E. M., “Scour at Bridge Crossings,” Bulletin No. 8, Iowa Highway Research Board, Ames, IA. 52 p, 1958

31. Laursen, E.M., “Scour at Bridge Crossings,” Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, Vol, 89, HY3, 1960.

32. Laursen, E. M., “An Analysis of Relief Bridge Scour,” Journal of the Hydraulics

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33. Laursen, E. M. and Toch, A., “Scour Around Bridge Piers and Abutments,” Bulletin No. 4, Iowa Highway Research Board, Ames, IA. 60 p, 1956.

34. Liu, M. K., F. M. Chang and M. M. Skinner, "Effect Of Bridge Construction On Scour And Backwater," Dept. of Civil Engineering, Colorado State University, Report No. CER60-HKL22, 1961.

35. Melville, B. W., “Live-Bed Scour at Bridge Piers,” ASCE Jour. of Hydraulic Engineering, Hydraulic Division, Vol 110, No. 9, 1983.

36. Melville, B. W., "Local Scour at Bridge Abutments," ASCE Jour. of Hydraulic Engineering, Hydraulic Division, Vol 118, No. 4, 1992.

37. Melville, B. W., "Pier and Abutment Scour: Integrated Approach," ASCE, Journal Hydraulic Division, Vol 123, No. 2, 1997.

38. Melville, B. W. And Sutherland, A. J., “Design Method for Local Scour at Bridge Piers,” American Society of Civil Engineers, Jour. Hydr. Division, V.114, No 10, 1988 39. Melville, B. W. and Dongol, D. M., “Bridge Pier Scour with Debris Accumulation,”

American Society of Civil Engineers, Jour. Hydr. Division, V.118, No 9, 1992. 40. Molinas, A., "Bri-stars Model for Alluvial River Simulation." Hydraulic

Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 2, pp. 1726-1731, 1993.

41. Mueller, D. S., “Local Scour at Bridge Piers in Nonuniform Sediment Under Dynamic Conditions,” Ph.D. Dissertation, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, Co., 212p, 1996.

42. Mueller,D.S. and Jones, J.S., 2000, Personal Communication.

43. Northwest Hydraulic Consultants, Ltd, Personal Communication,1973. 44. Raudkivi, A. J., “Functional Trends of Scour at Bridge Piers,” ASCE Jour. Of

Hydraulic Division, Vol. 112, No. 1, Reston, VA, Jan., 1986.

45. Rhodes, J. and Trent, R., 1993, Economics of Floods, Scour, and Bridge Failures," Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 1, 1993, pp. 928-933, 1993.

46. Richardson, E. V. and D. B. Simons, "Spurs And Guide Banks," Open File Report, Colorado State University Engineering Research Center, Fort Collins, CO, 1974.

47. Richardson, E. V., Stevens, M.A., and D. B. Simons, "The Design of Spurs for River Training," Proc. XVIth IAHR Congress, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 1975

48. Richardson, E. V., and Simons, D. B., "Use of Spurs and Guidebanks for Highway Crossings," Proc. Second Bridge Eng. Conf., Tran. Research Board Report 950 , Washington, D. C., 1984

49. Richardson, E. V., Lagasse, P. F., Schall, J.D., Ruff, J. F., Brisbane, T. E., and Frick, D. M., "Hydraulic, Erosion and Channel Stability Analysis of the Schoharie Creek Bridge Failure, New York," Resources Consultants, Inc. and Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 1987

50. Richardson, E. V., Simons, D.B., and Julien, P., "Highways in the River

Environment," Revision of Richardson, E. V., D. B. Simons, S. Karaki, K. Mahmood and M. A Stevens, 1975 "Highways in the River Environment, Hydraulic and

Environmental Design Considerations Training and Design Manual," FHWA-HI-90-016, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, D.C, 1990.

51. Richardson, E. V., J. R. Richardson, and B.E. Edge, “Scour at Highway Structures in Tidal Waters, “ Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 2, pp. 1206-1212, 1993

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52. Richardson, E. V. and Abed, L., “The Top Width of Pier scour Holes in Free and Pressure Flow., Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 2, 1993.

53. Richardson, E. V. and Davis S. R., “Evaluating Scour at Bridges, Third Edition,” HEC 18, Report FHWA-IP-90-017. FHWA, U.S. Department of Transportation,

Washington, D.C., 204p, 1995

54. Richardson, E.V. and Lagasse, P. F., Editors, “Stream Stability and Scour at Highway Bridges, Compendium of Papers ASCE Water Resources Engineering Conferences, 1991 to 1998,” ASCE, Reston, VA, 1999.

55. Richardson, E. V., and Richardson, J. R., Discussion of B. W. Melville, 1997 paper “Pier and Abutment Scour: Integrated Approach,” ASCE Jour. of the Hydraulics

Division, Vol, 124, HY7, , pp. 771-772, 1998.

56. Richardson, E. V., Personal Communication, 1998.

57. Richardson, J. R., and E. V. Richardson, Discussion of B. W. Melville, 1992 paper Local Scour at Bridge Abutments. Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, Vol, 119, HY9, 1993, pp. 1069-1071, 1992.

58. Richardson, J. R., and E. V. Richardson, “The Fallacy of Local Abutment Scour Equations,” Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 1, pp. 749-755, 1993.

59. Richardson, J. R., Richardson, E. V., and Edge, Billy L., "Bridge Scour in the Coastal Region," Proc. of the Fourth International Bridge Engineering Conference, TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C, 1995.

60. Richardson, J.R. and Trivino, 1999, Personal Communication.

61. Salim, M. and Jones, J. S., “ Scour Around Exposed Pile Foundations,”

62. ASCE North American Water and Environment Congress, Anaheim, CA, 10p, 1996. 63. Schumm, S. A., “The Fluvial System,” Wiley and Sons, 338 p, 1977.

64. Shearman, J. O., "Bridge Waterways Analysis Model for Mainframe and

Microcomputers," WSPRO/HY-7, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, D.C, 1987.

65. Sheppard, D. M., Bridge Scour in Tidal Waters. Transportation Research Record

1420, Washington, D.C., pp. 1-6 1993.

66. Strum, T. W., “Abutment Scour Studies for Compound Channels,” FHWA Report FHWA-RD-99-156, U. S. Dept. of Transportation, McLean, VA. 132p, 1999. 67. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, "The Streambank Erosion Control Evaluation and

Demonstration Act of 1974," Final Report to Congress, Executive Summary and Conclusions, Washington, D. C., 1981

68. U.S. Corps of Engineers, "Streambank Protection Guidelines For Landowners and Local Governments," Keown, M. P., Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS, 60 p, 1983

69. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, "Scour and Deposition In Rivers And Reservoirs, Computer Program HEC-6," Hydrologic Engineering Center, Davis, CA. 1993 70. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, "HEC-RAS River Analysis," Hydrologic

Engineering Center, Davis, CA, 1997.

71. Vanoni, V. A., Editor, "Sedimentation Engineering." ASCE Manual 54, New York, N.Y., 1975.

72. Vincent, M. S., Ross, M. A., and Ross, B. E. Tidal Inlet Bridge Scour Assessment Model. Transport Research Record 1420, Washington, D. C., 1993, pp 7-13.

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“Development of Hydraulic Computer Models to Analyze Tidal and Coastal Stream Hydraulic Conditions at Highway Structures,” Final Report, Phase II. South Carolina Department of Transportation, Columbia, SC, 1997.

74. Zevenbergen, L. W., Hunt, J. H., Byars, M. S., Edge, B. L., Richardson, E. V., and Lagasse, P. F., “ Tidal Hydraulic Modeling for Bridges; Users Manual,” Pooled Fund Study SPR-3(22), Ayres Associates, Ft. Collins, CO, 1997.

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