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Svar Fråga Vitryssland. Barnhem Fråga-svar

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Sida 1 av 8 2013-07-02

Fråga-svar Vitryssland. Barnhem

Fråga

Information om barnhem/ordnat mottagande för barn i Vitryssland.

Svar

CASE Belarus, Orphans in Belarus: fighting negative effects for beneficiary groups (2013-2014):

“Economists from CASE Belarus together with specialists from SOS Children’s Villages Belarus have put an ambitious task to approach the issue of orphanage in Belarus by combining economic knowledge and evaluation skills with practical experience in the field of orphans care.”

Global Initiative to End All Corporal Punishment of Children, Belarus Country Report, March 2013:

sid. 3

"Alternative care

There is no explicit prohibition of corporal punishment in alternative care settings. Article 30 of the Law on the Rights of the Child 1993 punished “teachers and other staff of children’s homes, boarding

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schools and other boarding institutions who commit anti

pedagogical or immoral acts against pupils”, but this article was repealed when the Act was amended in 2008. Under the Code on Marriage and Family 1999, orphans and children left without parental care have the right to “respect for their human dignity, protection of rights and legitimate interests” (article 177), to “live in peace, security and dignity” (article 184) and to “defend their person, honour and dignity against all forms of exploitation and violence” (article 189)"

ChildFund, The Plight of Orphans in Belarus, 2013-03-08:

”ChildFund has worked in Belarus since 1993 to help communities deal with the most serious causes of child neglect, including substance and domestic abuse, poverty and social misconceptions about orphaned and disabled children. The USAID-funded Supporting Orphans and Vulnerable Children program being implemented by ChildFund provides institutionalized children a chance to live with foster families instead of orphanages.

As a result of ChildFund's work in Belarus, three of five piloted communities stopped placing children in orphanages, and the overall rate of child institutionalization has declined by 25 percent…”

Belarusian Telegraph Agency (BELTA), Orphans need particular attention of authorities and educators, 2012-12-28:

” The task of the government and educators is to give maximum attention to children left without parental care, Prime Minister of Belarus Mikhail Myasnikovich said as he visited Orphanage No. 6 in Minsk during a charity campaign “Our Children” on 28

December, BelTA has learnt.”

---

“The orphanage is home to 67 children aged 3-16. Seven of them are children with disabilities, twenty study to special curricula; nine to an auxiliary education program; nine are children with special needs. The children are grouped into seven age groups each living in a separate room. The orphanage has a music room, a gym, a library, a hobby class and a medical block. The orphanage is financed by local authorities, sponsors and corporate and individual donors. In 2012, the budget provided about Br4 billion of funds, sponsors provided Br0.16 billion for the orphanage."

Child Rights Information Network (Crin), Belarus, A Legal Analysis of Belarus’s Implementation of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, 2012-11-21:

sid. 22-23

Protection of a child without family (art. 20)

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"Children’s Act: Protection of Rights of Orphans and Children Left Without Parents Care (art. 29)

Orphans and children left without parents care have the right on the special concern of the state. In the order established by the

legislation of the Republic of Belarus they are provided with the state support and other social benefits.

Bodies of guardianship, other organizations enabled to protect the rights and legal interests of children by the legislation of the Republic of Belarus shall take all measures to adopt orphans and children left without parents care into a family for upbringing.

Children shall be predominantly adopted with consideration of their interest into the families of the relatives of children or into the families of citizens of the Republic of Belarus having permanent residence on the territory of the Republic of Belarus.

In the order established by the legislation of the Republic of Belarus the adoption of the orphans and children left without parents’ care who are the citizens of the Republic of Belarus, placing under the guardianship of orphans and children left without parents’ care – citizens of the Republic of Belarus is allowed by the citizens of the Republic of Belarus having permanent residence on the territory of a foreign state, by foreign citizens and persons without citizenship. In this case children reserve the right on citizenship, property, housing, other personal non-property rights and property rights in accordance with the legislation of the Republic of Belarus.

If orphans and children left without parents’ care cannot be adopted into a family, they shall be settled in child boarding schools, state specialized establishments for juveniles needed social care and rehabilitation, state establishments providing professional technical, specialized secondary, higher education, children’s villages (towns).

For the purpose of good physical, intellectual and moral development, preparation for independent life of orphans and children left without parents’ care supported by the state and settled in child boarding schools, state specialized establishments for juveniles needed social care and rehabilitation, state establishments providing professional technical, specialized secondary, higher education, family-type orphanages, child villages (towns), guardians families, foster homes favorable conditions are created close to those like in family, their native language, culture, national customs and traditions are kept."

SOS Children in Belarus

[2012]:

“At present we support over 3,000 people in Belarus through two SOS Children’s Villages, three SOS Youth Homes and seven SOS Social Centres. For more information about the work SOS children do in Belarus,…”

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UD, Mänskliga rättigheter i Vitryssland 2011, 2012-06-30:

sid. 16

”De vitryska myndigheterna har på senare år begränsat antalet utländska adoptioner, bland annat till Sverige. Målet är istället att hitta inhemska adoptiv-föräldrar, men av ekonomiska, sociala och psykologiska finns det ännu inte tillräckligt många vitryska föräldrar som är beredda att adoptera barn."

SOS Children's Villages, Canada, Belarus Makes Plans to Help Older Orphans, 2011-10-04:

“Belarusian officials are creating a database to monitor orphaned children up to age 23. Older orphans often face a lack of resources and support upon leaving institutions

.

The government of Belarus is in the process of editing laws and policies governing the care of orphans and other children without parental care. At the end of the process, the Ministry of Education and Ministry of Labor will have developed positions on post- orphanage care of children.”

United Nations Office in the Republic of Belarus, United Nations

Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF) for the Republic of Belarus for 2011-2015, 2010:

sid. 41

”Currently, there are more than 12,000 families in which their children’s situation is assessed by the authorities as socially dangerous. Deprivation of parental rights remains the main reason why children turn into so-called “social orphans” and is increasingly associated with parental neglect and alcoholism.

Due to expedient state policies, a steady growth in the number of children placed into family-based care has been observed. As of January 2009, there were 27,738 orphans and children deprived of parental care in the country. Of them, 9,589 children (34.6%) resided in 85 child care institutions and 18,149 children (65.4%) were in substitute family care (guardianship, foster families, and family-type children’s homes).

Recently Belarus has adopted an entire array of legislative acts on the protection of children who have come into conflict with law, based on international best practices. Increasingly, courts decide to send these children to diversion-from-incarceration programs rather than sending them to juvenile detention facilities. The system of juvenile justice, which is currently in the formation stage, will receive new impetus for development if the concept of juvenile

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justice in the Republic of Belarus that was developed on an interdepartmental basis is approved. The objectives to protect children from violence, trafficking and all types of exploitation have been included in the Law “On the Rights of the Child,” the National Plan of Action for 2004-2010 on the Improvement of Children’s Status and the Protection of Their Rights, the Presidential Programme for 2006-2010: “The Children of Belarus,” and other documents. Article 14, entitled “The Main Preventive Arrangements Aimed at Preventing Domestic Vio- lence,” was included in the Law of the Republic of Belarus, “On Basic Activities Aimed at reventing Violations of Law,” adopted in November 2008. ”

United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) , UNICEF Belarus Annual Report 2010:

"Social pedagogues and child protection specialists from all oblasts equipped with the standards of social-pedagogical work on

selection, training of substitute parents candidates, and foster families’ support. Relevant amendments were introduced into the normative frameworks on substitute care allowing for reduced institutionalisation of children newly deprived of parental care. In 2010, notably the share of new cases of orphaned children’s placement into family care reached 74%, and in 20 out of 118 districts none of the children went to an institution."

Stoneworks International (SOR), News from Belarus — Summer Camps 2009:

“Another camps were Military base camp for Stankovo kids and Tent camp for Slutsk kids. SOR paid for children to go to those camps.

I got to visit both of them and spent time with the kids. Forty five children from Stankovo orphanage spent 40 days at the military base. It’s a true army base, and it was very good for the kids, as most of them are boys. Every day they had a very strict curriculum.

They had some training like real soldiers have and the meals were the same too.”

US Department of State, 2007 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - Belarus, 2008-03-11:

"The National Adoption Center reported that there were

approximately 32,900 orphans in the country. During the year there were reports of abuse and mistreatment in orphanages. As an alternative to orphanages, the law allows military units to adopt and train orphan boys between the ages of 14 and 16. While the children are not enlisted in the military, they must comply with military

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rules, wear a uniform, and obey orders. They have the option to join the unit upon reaching the draft age of 18"

Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA), Sida Evaluation 2008:20, Improving care and institutional conditions for orphans and children deprived of parental rights in Belarus, 2008:

sid. 5

"The overall objective of the project is to improve children’s rights in Belarus through the improvement of the conditions of orphaned young children and teenagers as well as young children and teenagers deprived of parental care (social orphans). More specifically the aim of the project is to give more orphans the opportunity to grow in family like conditions (biological, adoptive or foster family) as well as to prepare those teenagers who remain in institutional care for life beyond the institution."

World Childhood Foundation, Hope and Homes for Children, [odaterat]:

” 2004 fattade den vitryska regeringen beslut om att de stora institutionerna i landet skulle avskaffas och ersättas med andra alternativ. Av ekonomiska skäl har myndigheterna ofta accepterat en kompromiss där institutionerna i stället görs om till mindre

”familjeliknande institutioner” med mer hemlik miljö. I vissa fall omplaceras barnen bara från ett barnhem som ska läggas ner till ett annat barnhem. Kvaliteten på omvårdnaden och det individuella stödet till varje barn har inte förbättrats i någon större utsträckning och kan inte ersätta familjebaserade alternativ.”

Denna sammanställning av information/länkar är baserad på informationssökningar gjorda under en begränsad tid. Den är sammanställd utifrån noggrant utvalda och allmänt tillgängliga informationskällor. Alla använda källor refereras. All information som presenteras, med undantag av obestridda/uppenbara fakta, har dubbelkontrollerats om inget annat anges.

Sammanställningen gör inte anspråk på att vara uttömmande och bör inte tillmätas exklusivt bevisvärde i samband med avgörandet av ett enskilt ärende.

Informationen i sammanställningen återspeglar inte nödvändigtvis Migrationsverkets officiella ståndpunkt i en viss fråga och det finns ingen avsikt att genom sammanställningen göra politiska ställningstaganden.

Refererade dokument bör läsas i sitt sammanhang.

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Källförteckning

Belarusian Telegraph Agency (BELTA), Orphans need particular attention of authorities and educators, 2012-12-28

http://news.belta.by/en/news/society?id=703019

CASE Belarus, Orphans in Belarus: fighting negative effects for beneficiary groups (2013-2014)

http://case-belarus.eu/index.php/2013/04/orphans-in-belarus-fighting- negative-effects-for-beneficiary-groups-2013-2014/

ChildFund, The Plight of Orphans in Belarus, 2013-03-08 http://www.childfund.org/the-plight-of-orphans-in-belarus/

Child Rights Information Network (Crin), Belarus, A Legal Analysis of Belarus’s Implementation of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, 2012-11-21

www.crin.org/docs/Belarus_final.doc

Global Initiative to End All Corporal Punishment of Children, Belarus Country Report, March 2013

http://www.endcorporalpunishment.org/pages/frame.html

Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA), Sida Evaluation 2008:20, Improving care and institutional conditions for orphans and children deprived of parental rights in Belarus, 2008

http://www.sida.se/Publications/Import/pdf/sv/200820-Improving-Care-and- Institutional-Conditions-for-Orphans-and-Children-Deprived-of-Parental- Rights-in-Belarus.pdf

SOS Children in Belarus

[2012]

http://www.soschildrensvillages.org.uk/sponsor-a-child/europe/belarus

SOS Children's Villages, Canada, Belarus Makes Plans to Help Older Orphans, 2011-10-04

http://www.soschildrensvillages.ca/news/news/orphan-charity- news/pages/belarus--plans-help-older-orphans-112.aspx

Stoneworks International (SOR), News from Belarus — Summer Camps 2009

http://www.stoneworksinternational.com/news-from-belarus-summer- camps-2009/

United Nations Office in the Republic of Belarus, United Nations

Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF) for the Republic of Belarus

for 2011-2015, 2010

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http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/operact/Technical_Cooperation/Deli vering_as_One/UNDAF_country_files/Belarus-UNDAF-2011-2015- Final.pdf

United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) , UNICEF Belarus Annual Report 2010

http://www.unicef.by/junisef_v_belarusi/unicef_belarus_annual_report_201 0/

US Department of State, 2007 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - Belarus, 2008-03-11

http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2007/100549.htm

UD, Mänskliga rättigheter i Vitryssland 2011, 2012-06-30

http://www.manskligarattigheter.se/DownloadCountryReport/Get/?f=DM5

%2fEuropa+och+Centralasien%2fVitryssland%2c+MR-rapport+2011.pdf

World Childhood Foundation, Hope and Homes for Children, [odaterat]

http://www.childhood.se/pages.asp?r_id=81242

References

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