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Clusters and Cluster Policy in Europe

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(1)

Clusters and Cluster Policy in Europe

Professor Örjan Sölvell

(2)

1.EU and Clusters

2.Science – Innovation – Clusters

3.The European Cluster Observatory

(3)
(4)
(5)

Regions

Local Communities

Nations EU

The EU Role:

1.Inspire

2.Fact-based Policy 3.Cluster networking

4.Cluster manager training 5.Policy learning

EU and Clusters

(6)

Critical Parts of the Lisbon Strategy:

•Research (ERA, 3% of GDP 2010, FP 7)

•Innovation

•Intellectual Property (EU Patent)

•Competition (Internal market)

•Public-private cooperation

(European Technology Platforms)

•Supporting SMEs

Competitiveness

Innovation

Clusters

•Industry & Enterprise

•Regional

•Science

EU and Clusters

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EU and Clusters – a Background

First meeting by DG Enterprise in Luxembourg in 2003 – Focus on clusters

Several studies around the time of accession of EU-10 countries: Phase I = map clusters of Eastern Europe

Database part of Europe INNOVA/PRO INNO/Cluster Alliance: Phase II = European Cluster Observatory

Need for better informed policies – number of cluster programs and cluster

initiatives growing rapidly - European Cluster Memorandum 4x5 Principles

New call in 2008 under CIP: Phase III

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• Europe is not narrowing the innovation gap to the U.S.

• Innovation takes place in clusters.

• Europe can build world-class clusters through a) pushing the internal market,

b) strengthening the general environment for research and innovation

c) strengthen cluster programs and initiatives d) and forming European-wide programs for transnational cluster interaction.

• Many EU initiatives have been launched:

DG Enterprise, DG Science, DG Regio, and the Committee of the Regions.

The Competitiveness Council has identified clusters as one of nine priority actions.

• Many national and regional initiatives are

well under way.

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• Now we need an innovation and cluster strategy!

• We need better and deeper information through the

Cluster Observatory!

• And we need a European high- level Advisory and Monitoring Group for Innovation and

Clusters!

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Milestones – Cluster Policy

Stockholm January 2008 (Chair: Slovenia/Sweden)

Lyon October 2008 (INNOVA)

Sophia Antipolis November 2008 (Chair: France)

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Cluster policy group -Around 20 people

-Policy, industry, experts -18 month work

-Secretariat

European Cluster Observatory -New data and analysis

-Platform for SMEs – find out value

Cluster Academy -Training of cluster

Cluster Innovation Platforms -Energy

European Cluster Alliance -INNO-Net

-Think tank -Study teams

-Continue to promote the Memorandum

Future: DG Enterprise and Clusters

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Regions for Economic Change 2007-2013

Future: DG Regio and Clusters

Interreg IV C:

Innovation & the Knowledge economy (Environment & Risk prevention)

Cluster & Cities Network: Improve Cluster Policy Support in City Regions:

Lyon (lead partner) Barcelona

Munich Dortmund Leipzig Manchester Helsinki

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1.EU and Clusters

2.Science – Innovation – Clusters

3.The European Cluster Observatory

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Clusters = Innovation

R2 = 0.357

3 4 5 6 7 8

0 1 2 3 4

Region's cluster strength Region's

patenting

level

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Clusters

SLAC Stanford

Cupertino

Palo Alto Menlo Park

Stanford

Chiron Genentech

Industry:

•Buyers Industry:

•Buyers Finance:

•Banks Finance:

•Banks

Public bodies:

Regional authorities

•Agencies University:

•Colleges Tech transfer offices

•Laboratories Public bodies:

•Regional authorities

•Agencies University:

•Colleges Tech transfer offices

•Laboratories

Media

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CERN and Geneva SLAC and Silicon Valley

CERN

Geneva

SLAC Stanford

Cupertino Palo Alto Menlo Park

Geneva Pregny

Genthod

Annemasse

R&D R&D

Innovation &

+

(17)

xx

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR):

18 members (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, China, Cuba, Czech Republic, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Mongolia, North Korea, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Vietnam)

Founded 1956

8 laboratories and university centers

5,500 staff + 1,200 researchers (>1,000 PhDs)

JINR

JINR and Dubna

Science R&D

Innovation

and Clusters

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R&D and Science

Innovation and Clusters

Competitive Firms

Europe needs to shift focus from R&D and Science to

Innovation and Clusters

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1.EU and Clusters

2.Science – Innovation – Clusters

3.The European Cluster Observatory

(20)

European Cluster Observatory

www.clusterobservatory.eu

(21)

Star map

mappingCluster

Cluster policy

Cluster library Cluster

orgs

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Organisation map

mappingCluster

Cluster policy

Cluster library Cluster

orgs

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Karlstad – Pulp and Paper

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Organisation Table

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Adding new members….

mappingCluster

Cluster policy

Cluster library Cluster

orgs

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Cluster orgs

Cluster library Cluster

policy

National cluster programmes---

• National cluster

programmes are found in 26 out of the 31

countries.

• In total 69 national cluster programmes have been identified.

• The majority of the countries have one or two programmes.

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

none 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Number of national programmes Number

of countries

Cluster mapping

(27)

Cluster policies gaining momentum

• Cluster policy is still at an early stage in many countries. Around half the countries started

Importance of cluster policy over time

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

More important Equal importance and same focus

Equal importance and changed focus

Less important

Cluster mapping

Cluster orgs

Cluster library Cluster

policy

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Regions

Local Communities

Nations EU

The EU Role:

1.Inspire

2.Fact-based Policy 3.Cluster networking

4.Cluster manager training 5.Policy learning

EU and Clusters

(29)

Tack!

www.clusterobservatory.eu

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