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This lecture:•Repetition: beam dynamics•Cyclotrons•Betatron•Synchrotron radiation•Beam diagnostics instrumentation

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Physics at Accelerators, SH2307, vt200

This lecture:

• Repetition: beam dynamics

• Cyclotrons

• Betatron

• Synchrotron radiation

• Beam diagnostics instrumentation

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Physics at Accelerators, SH2307, vt200

Physics at Accelerators, SH2307, vt200

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Principle of cyclotron

Principle of vacuum chamber

The Cyclotron

Non-relativistic (”classical”):

qB m T T

f = 1 ; = 2 π :

frequency Cyclotron

E

kin

qB m mv

qB m qB

r mv 2

2 2

:

Radius = =

2

=

Relativistic:

( mc E

kin

) f T E

kin

T qBc 2

2

; 1 decreases with

2

+ =

= π

2 2 4

2

2

qB m c qB 1 E 2 E mc

qB p E

r = = =

kin

+

kin

(Synchrocyclotron)

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Physics at Accelerators, SH2307, vt200

The isochron cyclotron

Pole plates Principle:

The synchrocyclotron requires frequency change, preventing continous operation.

By increasing the magnetic field radially, one single frequency may be used.

With spiral plates, better focusing may be obtained

Physics at Accelerators, SH2307, vt200

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Physics at Accelerators, SH2307, vt200

Physics at Accelerators, SH2307, vt200

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Beam Diagnostics Instrumentation

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Physics at Accelerators, SH2307, vt200

Physics at Accelerators, SH2307, vt200

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Physics at Accelerators, SH2307, vt200

Physics at Accelerators, SH2307, vt200

(11)
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Physics at Accelerators, SH2307, vt200

Physics at Accelerators, SH2307, vt200

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Physics at Accelerators, SH2307, vt200

Physics at Accelerators, SH2307, vt200

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References

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