Teknisk specifikation
Publicerad/Published: 2014-03-05 Utgåva/Edition: 2
Språk/Language: engelska/English ICS: 75.160.10
SIS-CEN/TS 15405:2014
Fasta återvunna bränslen – Bestämning av densitet hos pellets och briketter
Solid recovered fuels – Determination of density of pellets and briquettes
This preview is downloaded from www.sis.se. Buy the entire This preview is downloaded from www.sis.se. Buy the entire This preview is downloaded from www.sis.se. Buy the entire This preview is downloaded from www.sis.se. Buy the entire standard via https://www.sis.se/std-101257
standard via https://www.sis.se/std-101257 standard via https://www.sis.se/std-101257 standard via https://www.sis.se/std-101257
Standarder får världen att fungera
SIS (Swedish Standards Institute) är en fristående ideell förening med medlemmar från både privat och offentlig sektor. Vi är en del av det europeiska och globala nätverk som utarbetar internationella standarder. Standarder är dokumenterad kunskap utvecklad av framstående aktörer inom industri, näringsliv och samhälle och befrämjar handel över gränser, bidrar till att processer och produkter blir säkrare samt effektiviserar din verksamhet.
Delta och påverka
Som medlem i SIS har du möjlighet att påverka framtida standarder inom ditt område på nationell, europeisk och global nivå. Du får samtidigt tillgång till tidig information om utvecklingen inom din bransch.
Ta del av det färdiga arbetet
Vi erbjuder våra kunder allt som rör standarder och deras tillämpning. Hos oss kan du köpa alla publikationer du behöver – allt från enskilda standarder, tekniska rapporter och standard- paket till handböcker och onlinetjänster. Genom vår webbtjänst e-nav får du tillgång till ett lättnavigerat bibliotek där alla standarder som är aktuella för ditt företag finns tillgängliga.
Standarder och handböcker är källor till kunskap. Vi säljer dem.
Utveckla din kompetens och lyckas bättre i ditt arbete
Hos SIS kan du gå öppna eller företagsinterna utbildningar kring innehåll och tillämpning av standarder. Genom vår närhet till den internationella utvecklingen och ISO får du rätt kunskap i rätt tid, direkt från källan. Med vår kunskap om standarders möjligheter hjälper vi våra kunder att skapa verklig nytta och lönsamhet i sina verksamheter.
Vill du veta mer om SIS eller hur standarder kan effektivisera din verksamhet är du välkommen in på www.sis.se eller ta kontakt med oss på tel 08-555 523 00.
Standards make the world go round
SIS (Swedish Standards Institute) is an independent non-profit organisation with members from both the private and public sectors. We are part of the European and global network that draws up international standards. Standards consist of documented knowledge developed by prominent actors within the industry, business world and society.
They promote cross-border trade, they help to make processes and products safer and they streamline your organisation.
Take part and have influence
As a member of SIS you will have the possibility to participate in standardization activities on national, European and global level. The membership in SIS will give you the opportunity to influence future standards and gain access to early stage information about developments within your field.
Get to know the finished work
We offer our customers everything in connection with standards and their application. You can purchase all the publications you need from us - everything from individual standards, technical reports and standard packages through to manuals and online services. Our web service e-nav gives you access to an easy-to-navigate library where all standards that are relevant to your company are available. Standards and manuals are sources of knowledge.
We sell them.
Increase understanding and improve perception
With SIS you can undergo either shared or in-house training in the content and application of standards. Thanks to our proximity to international development and ISO you receive the right knowledge at the right time, direct from the source. With our knowledge about the potential of standards, we assist our customers in creating tangible benefit and profitability in their organisations.
If you want to know more about SIS, or how standards can streamline your organisation, please visit www.sis.se or contact us on phone +46 (0)8-555 523 00
© Copyright/Upphovsrätten till denna produkt tillhör SIS, Swedish Standards Institute, Stockholm, Sverige. Använd- ningen av denna produkt regleras av slutanvändarlicensen som återfinns i denna produkt, se standardens sista sidor.
© Copyright SIS, Swedish Standards Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. All rights reserved. The use of this product is governed by the end-user licence for this product. You will find the licence in the end of this document.
Upplysningar om sakinnehållet i detta dokument lämnas av SIS, Swedish Standards Institute, telefon 08-555 520 00.
Standarder kan beställas hos SIS Förlag AB som även lämnar allmänna upplysningar om nationell och internationell standard.
Information about the content of this document is available from the SIS, Swedish Standards Institute, telephone +46 8 555 520 00. Standards may be ordered from SIS Förlag AB, who can also provide general information about national and international standards.
Denna tekniska specifikation är inte en svensk standard. Detta dokument innehåller den engelska språkversionen av CEN/TS 15405:2010.
Dokumentet ersätter SIS-CEN/TS 15405:2007, utgåva 1.
This Technical Specification is not a Swedish Standard. This document contains the English version of CEN/TS 15405:2010.
The document replaces SIS-CEN/TS 15405:2007, edition 1.
Dokumentet är framtaget av kommittén för Fasta bränslen, SIS/TK 412.
Har du synpunkter på innehållet i det här dokumentet, vill du delta i ett kommande revideringsarbete eller vara med och ta fram standarder inom området? Gå in på www.sis.se - där hittar du mer information.
This preview is downloaded from www.sis.se. Buy the entire standard via https://www.sis.se/std-101257
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
CEN/TS 15405
September 2010
ICS 75.160.10 Supersedes CEN/TS 15405:2006
English Version
Solid recovered fuels - Determination of density of pellets and briquettes
Combustibles solides de récupération - Méthode de détermination de la densité des granulés et des briquettes
Feste Sekundärbrennstoffe - Bestimmung der Dichte von Pellets und Briketts
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 12 June 2010 for provisional application.
The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.
CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS) until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION C O M I T É E U R O P É E N D E N O R M A L I S A T I O N E U R O P Ä I S C H E S K O M I T E E FÜ R N O R M U N G
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members.
Ref. No. CEN/TS 15405:2010: E This preview is downloaded from www.sis.se. Buy the entire standard via https://www.sis.se/std-101257
2
Contents
Page
Foreword ...3
Introduction ...4
1 Scope ...5
2 Normative references ...5
3 Terms and definitions ...5
4 Principle ...5
5 Apparatus ...6
6 Sampling and sample preparation ...8
7 Procedure ...8
8 Calculation ...9
9 Precision ... 10
10 Test report ... 10
Annex A (informative) Correction values for the density of water as a function of temperature ... 11
Annex B (informative) Volume determination of regularly shaped briquettes by stereometry ... 12
Bibliography ... 14
SIS-CEN/TS 15405:2014 (E)
3
Foreword
This document (CEN/TS 15405:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 343 “Solid recovered fuels”, the secretariat of which is held by SFS.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes CEN/TS 15405:2006.
CEN/TS 15405:2006 is not be converted into a European Standard as the test method specified in this document was not validated (see [1], [2]).
This document differs from CEN/TS 15405:2006 mainly as follows:
a) number of replicate tests changed to two replications;
b) whole document editorially revised.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
SIS-CEN/TS 15405:2014 (E)
This preview is downloaded from www.sis.se. Buy the entire standard via https://www.sis.se/std-101257
4
Introduction
This Technical Specification specifies a method for the determination of particle density where the required volume is measured by the buoyancy in a liquid. The parameter particle density is not an absolute value, therefore conditions for its determination should be standardised in order to gain comparative measuring results. Practical experience shows that for briquettes, the method specified is also replaceable by a similar measurement applying a gravimetrical determination of the volume via the displaced liquid. In this case, the container with the liquid is not positioned underneath the balance as specified in this Technical Specification but is placed onto the balance which would then have to carry a higher total mass (at the same accuracy requirements). For all other requirements (e.g. for the wetting agent), the procedure as outlined in this Technical Specification should be followed, except, that the Equation for density calculation shall be modified accordingly.
This Technical Specification is based on CEN/TS 15150.
SIS-CEN/TS 15405:2014 (E)
5 1 Scope
This Technical Specification specifies a method for the determination of particle density of irregularly shaped pieces of compressed fuels such as pellets or briquettes. It is not applicable to soft or semi-soft pellets.
NOTE 1 The term soft pellet is defined in CEN/TS 15639.
NOTE 2 Particle density is subject to variation due to the susceptibility of organic material to environmental or technical impacts such as air humidity, vibration, abrasion or biodegradation. Therefore, particle density can vary during time thus the measured values should be regarded as a momentary fuel property.
NOTE 3 At the time of preparing this document, the production of briquettes of solid recovered fuels could not be identified in the European market.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this Technical Specification. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
prEN 15357:2008, Solid recovered fuels — Terminology, definitions and descriptions prEN 15442, Solid recovered fuels — Methods for sampling
prEN 15443, Solid recovered fuels — Methods for the preparation of the laboratory sample CEN/TS 15359, Solid recovered fuels — Specifications and classes
CEN/TS 15414-1, Solid recovered fuels — Determination of moisture content using the oven dry method — Part 1: Determination of total moisture by a reference method
CEN/TS 15414-2, Solid recovered fuels — Determination of moisture content using the oven dry method — Part 2: Determination of total moisture by a simplified procedure
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in prEN 15357:2008 apply.
4 Principle
Both mass and volume of an individual particle or a group of particles are determined. The volume is measured by determining the buoyancy in a liquid. This procedure follows the physical principle that the buoyancy of a body is equal to the mass of the displaced volume of a liquid. The apparent loss in mass between a measurement in air and a subsequent measurement in liquid marks its buoyancy. The volume of the sample body is calculated via the density of the applied liquid.
SIS-CEN/TS 15405:2014 (E)
This preview is downloaded from www.sis.se. Buy the entire standard via https://www.sis.se/std-101257
6
5 Apparatus
5.1 General apparatus requirements
5.1.1 Thermometer for liquids, with an accuracy of 1 °C.
5.1.2 Facilities for the determination of moisture content in accordance with CEN/TS 15414-2.
5.2 Apparatus for pellet testing
5.2.1 Balance, readable to 0,001 g. Due to the high sensitivity of the balance, the test rig shall be placed into a wind protection cabinet to allow undisturbed and immediate reading of the displayed values.
5.2.2 Beaker glass, transparent, with a filling volume of about 200 ml.
5.2.3 Thermometer for liquids, with an accuracy of 1 °C.
5.2.4 Rig for the determination of density, capable of being placed on the balance.
The rig shall be consisted of a bridge which overstretches the weighing plate of the balance in order to prevent the balance from being loaded. The bridge shall be capable of carrying the beaker glass (5.2.2). Through a supporting frame with suspension rods, a weighing dish („submergence dish“) shall be hung into the beaker glass (see Figure 1) which is filled with liquid. The dish shall be able to accommodate four pellets at once.
Both the supporting frame and the submergence dish shall be directly loaded on the balance plate. The submergence apparatus (the dish and the suspension) shall be able to be removed for being loaded with pellets. The submergence depth shall always be kept constant through the dish suspension. The bottom of the submergence dish shall be perforated by openings which are smaller in diameter than the diameter of the pellets. This perforation allows the liquid to fill the dish from underneath if it is submerged. If sample material of low density shall be applied (< 1,0 g/cm3), a modified suspension with an inverted submergence dish is required; this is to prevent pellets from floating atop of the liquid. For the determination of the mass in air, it is advantageous to use a combined test rig where an additional upper weighing dish is fixed (see Figure 1).
Key
1 weighing dish, for weighing in air 5 weighing plate
2 pellets 6 beaker glass
3 bridge 7 dish suspension
4 perforated submergence dish, for weighing in water 8 supporting frame Figure 1 — Buoyancy determination rig on a balance (method for pellets)
SIS-CEN/TS 15405:2014 (E)
7 5.3 Apparatus for briquette testing
5.3.1 Balance, readable to 0,01 g. If briquettes of more than 500 g each shall be tested, the readability of the balance may be reduced to 0,1 g. The balance shall have a connecting point for hanging a weight to its load cell.
5.3.2 Container, transparent, for liquids, with a sufficient filling volume to accommodate the liquid and the submerged briquette.
NOTE A sufficient filling volume is usually achieved when the cross section of the container is about eight times larger than the cross section of the briquette. In this case, any effects by level changes of the liquid caused by submersion of the briquette are negligible. Such deviation would arise due to a larger part of the holding steel string being submerged.
5.3.3 Thin steel string, non absorbent, able to be hung to the connecting point of the balance; the end of the string is equipped with a hook or a ring allowing an easy appending of the sample.
5.3.4 Tripod, for placing the balance on, having a plate with an opening allowing the string to pass through unhindered while hanging to the balance (see Figure 2).
Key
1 carrying plate with opening 5 test sample (briquette)
2 balance 6 connecting ring or hook
3 steel string 7 tripod
4 liquid container
Figure 2 — Buoyancy determination rig using a hanging load to a balance (method for briquettes) 5.3.5 Steel support device, e.g. a steel loop, allowing to fix the briquette to the lower connecting point of the string.
5.3.6 Removable weight, in the case of testing a sample material of low density (< 1,0 g/cm3), placed onto the sample in a way which prevents the briquette from floating atop of the liquid.
SIS-CEN/TS 15405:2014 (E)
This preview is downloaded from www.sis.se. Buy the entire standard via https://www.sis.se/std-101257
