Norra Tornen

(1)

IN

DEGREE PROJECT ARCHITECTURE, SECOND CYCLE, 30 CREDITS

,

STOCKHOLM SWEDEN 2020

Norra Tornen

Making exclusive living inclusive

OSCAR WILNER

KTH ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT

TRITA TRITA-ABE-MBT-20133

(2)

Project: Norra Tornen: Making Exclusive living inclusive

Name: Oscar Wilner

(3)

3/93

Today our city cores are being transformed. Not only have they been transformed from a place of

produc-tion to a place of consumpproduc-tion, but more recently also the city core as a place of work are being chal-lenged by increasing land prices and the desire to live centrally and urban. An urban lifestyle has in some ways become an exclusive benefit for the most wealthy, and the supertall residential towers symbolizes this new “urban, transnational elite”, that wants the qualities of a living city center but prefers to live high up in the sky. Though this elite sometimes never lives there, since they only see the apartments as invest-ments, as a “money deposit”. The buildings are often introvert and unwelcoming for non residents, but are focused at providing all the necessities that the residents could possibly need, for a life within the building. These buildings increase gentrification and segregation since they push up the prices of the neighborhood and provide no public functions, we get excluding cities rather than including. Aspects of these buildings include high security entrances, often with great spaces, exclusive materials, art, and lounge areas. The apartments are often characterized by excessive room sizes and roof height, with clear a clear separation between private and “representational spaces”. Great views of the city, exclusive bathrooms, bedrooms and large terraces, and duplex or triplex penthouses at the top floors.

These general characteristics of housing can be seen in cities all over the world, but the examples you have just seen is from a project here in Stockholm called Norra Tornen. And these aspects are also what I have been working with this semester.

These aspects are of course interesting to discuss in the Swedish context, with the development of the welfare state during the 20 th century, along with an absence of market based housing production, that I describe more in a separate booklet. So Norra Tornen, or “Northern Towers as they could be called in en-glish”, are two residential “twin towers” located in central Stockholm, and are connected to a larger urban plan for Hagastaden, a new addition to the city, involving 6000 dwellings, 50000 workplaces and a large hospital. The plan, made by the urban planner Alexander Wolodarski was adopted in 2009. By covering the highway E20 the two municipalities Solna and Stockholm are further connected, but this has also led to very high land prices, that characterized the whole area and which led to high density. This has received critique since it has led to poor living qualities. But the density was also an aesthetic choice by Wolodarski, as he was inspired by the dense American downtown.

Norra Tornen on the other hand, stands separated from the density and marks the area from far away, being the highest residential building in central Stockholm. Designed by OMA, Norra Tornen is targeted at the most wealthy, benefiting from the attractive location and developing area. The project leader Reinier de Graaf at OMA seems to be aware of the problematic presence of this project in relation to the ongoing housing crisis, and in a lecture at KTH reduced some tensions by assuring that the architecture ins´t osten-tatious, but consists of universal qualities such as the view, the terraces and the space, he also claimed, quote “Regardless of the role that this architecture plays in the current financial system, it is the type of architecture, should those changes be made, that could survive perfectly intact and retain its legitimacy”. He also calls it a “reincarnation of modernity” and a “plattenbau for the rich”, which allows for interesting questions related to social housing programs and prefabrication. The prefabricated constructive system could be called rational, with a 4.8x4.8 m grid and repetitive modules, but in the same time there’s varia-tion and a complex construcvaria-tion process. The characterizing ribbed colored concrete facade is meant to blend in with the existing color palette of Vasastan, and could give the impression of an upscaled brick facade.

To limit myself I decied to work with Innovationen, the tallest tower and the one that is completed and in-habited so far. So with my proposals I question de Graaf, no the architecture doesen´t really serve perfectly intact and retains its legitimacy. Though I agree there´s universal architectural qualities, it´s not designed for a sustainable lifestyle.

My project

So how can we save our city centers from becoming an exclusive gated community, and since these proj-ects increases in numbers, can I find a model, a general strategy of redesigning them to become more sus-tainable? In a world in climate crisis and with increasing inequality, can I find a strategy for increasing both environmental and social sustainability in Norra Tornen and in projects that share the same aspects? While investigating how to increase sustainability in projects with high land value would be interesting, I´m rather focusing on how to alter the already existing. Here you can see a summary of my research of how to reach sustainability both socially and environmentally. I also put my project in a near future of 30 years to make this transition more realistic, which also lets me strengthen already positive trends. I conclude that we need to shift the focus from an individualistic approach to a collective, and while there´s positive environmental aspects in densification, these projects need to become more inviting and provide more public functions.

The collective living form is explored in this project since it can prevent loneliness, include the aging popu-lation and increase community in general. The environmental aspects are crucial too since it allows shar-ing, both objects and spaces, and facilitates local production and a circular economy. This form of living can also lead to lower rent, and lower living costs in general. We need to optimize space and find flexible solutions, especially in the most exclusive projects. Even the most wealthy plays a role in reaching a sus-tainable future. Through these aspects I developed three forms of collective living, that would be suitable to incorporate in Norra Tornen. The proposal- By considering the potential in these general aspects of exclusive housing I have placed the three types of collectives, The entrance collective that explores the pos-sibility of inviting the public, an introvert collective with more respect to privacy, and then the more social extrovert collective. To further contribute to a living and shared city I propose new functions in the existing retail space, and redesign the Penthouse apartment into what I call an “Event space”. A public space in the upper levels was actually part of the program requirements, stated by the city, but a requirement that the developer ignored and which later caused them a huge fine.

Entrance collective

The most important strategy here is to break the barrier between the street and the private entrance hall. Therefore this large space becomes part of a collective, including the three apartments on the upper floor. The kitchen and living room can at least partly be open to the public, arranging shared activities and cook-ing sessions for example. The former retail space on the upper side is not redesigned there I only propose new functions, that can attract a broader audience and that is not related to consumption.

The introvert collective

The plans you will see now is from the 11th floor, but this strategy is meant to be applied between the 4th to 15th floor. Because of the deeper volume here it´s difficult to connect the apartments, and therefore a collective living with more privacy is proposed here, and apart from the shared Activity space, kitchen, workshop, garden and resting room, there´s also an opportunity to book a private living room and kitchen space. All the bathrooms and laundry are also private here.

The extrovert collective

Here I will show you my strategy for the upper floors with less depth, and therefore suits for one big collec-tive apartment, where you can share both bedrooms and bathrooms. A large glass structure is added to the large shared terrace to form a greenhouse with a three floor roof height.

The event space

(4)

4/93

BACKGROUND

THE SITE

THE PROJECT

CONCLUSIONS

NORRA TORNEN

(5)

5/93

Oscar Wilner

Norra Tornen: Making exclusive living including - EXCLUSIVE LIVING TRENDS

Oscar Wilner

- CONTENTS

(18)

-The entrance

The apartments

The penthouse

The shared spaces

The terraces

Oscar Wilner

(19)

19/93

Stockholm

Solna

Oscar Wilner

(20)

-20/93

Stockholm

Solna

E4/

E20

Oscar Wilner

(21)

-21/93

Oscar Wilner

(22)

-22/93

Oscar Wilner

(23)

-23/93

Oscar Wilner

(24)

-24/93

No rra Sta tion sga tan T o rs_g a ta n

YEAR: 2013 - 2020

ARCHITECT: OMA

DEVELOPER: Oscar Properties

ENGINEERS: Arup, Sweco

ACOUSTICS: ACAD

FIRE SAFETY: Tyréns

CODE CONSULTANT: Tengbom

1:1500 Concrete ribbed pebble fasade

Innovationen, view from Vanadisplan

Oscar Wilner

(25)

-Helix

Innovationen

No rra Sta tion sga tan To rsg ata_n 125 m 110 m 1:800

THE APARTMENTS

- Generous terraces to all apartmetns with frameless glass railings

- Large panoramic windows.

- The apartments are characterized by light and a frameless contact to the outside - All apartments have at least one terrace - All apartments larger than 1 bedroom offer views from several directions.

OVERVIEW

- First designed by the urban planner Alexander Wolodarski. The city later decided to search for a new design of the towers.

- Architectural competition in 2012 ( limited to the existing outer envelope)

- Breaking down the inherited monumentality and verticality of the inherited envelope. Reaching for a human/ intimate scale and domesticity.

- Gate into the city center, an marks Hagastaden. - The apartmetns of Helix are being sold at the moment, but the developer sold half of the project. - The basement, used as technical space and storage is linked to an undergorund garage for bikes and cars.

- Entrance lobby with double roof height. - The roof terraces are partly private and partly shared by the housing coop.

- OMA claims that there is a timelessness to the design, due to the many universal architectural qualities, and also call it a "reincarnation of modernity".

Oscar Wilner

(26)

No rra Sta tion sga tan

HELIX

- 33 floors - 138 apt

- Cinema, event space, gym with PT, yoga, relax, rentable

apartment, wine bar, restaurant with free deliveries to the residents - Commercial space. - Communication - Three elevators - 18 820 m² total - 11 348 m² residential - 676 m² retail To rsg ata_n

Helix

Innovationen

1:1000 Oscar Wilner

Norra Tornen: Making exclusive living including - HAGASTADEN - NORRA TORNEN

THE SITE

- CONTENTS -Apartments Shared space Retail

Shafts and stairs

Technical Service

PROGRAM

- 42 299 m² total - 24 555 m² residential - 3 195 m² services - 961 m² retail.

INNOVATIONEN

- 37 floors - 182 apt, 57-281 m2_{, 2-7 rooms}

(27)

To rsg ata_n

Helix

Innovationen

CONSTRUCTION

- Breaking down the inherited monumentality and verticality of the inherited envelope.

- Modular design of repetition and variation - 4.8 x 4.8 m grid

- Prefabricated elements of ribbed coloured concrete and multi colored pebbles, from the Swedish Attacus group - Constructive core, pillars and walls.

- Closed plans

1:800

Oscar Wilner

(28)

28/93

What?

Making Norra Tornen

and similair projects

more sustainable,

socially and

environmentally.

Why?

These projects are

growing in numbers,

and they are not

sustainable.

How?

- Political change

- Change in mentality

and attitude

- Architectonic

solutions

Oscar Wilner

(29)

-29/93

Local food Sharing systems Circular economy Flexible homes Shared urban space Multifunction spaces Dematerialization

2020 - 2050

Social

sustainability

Environmental

sustainability

Compact and collective living

Oscar Wilner

(30)

-30/93

Collective

living

Less privacy

- Shared bedrooms - Shared bathrooms - Shared laundry - Public Living room - Public kitchen

More privacy

- Private bedrooms - Private bathrooms and laundry - Small private living rooms

- Semi private spaces

Homogenity

- Similair ages - Similair backgrounds - Similair interests - Similair jobs

Heterogeneity

- Different ages - Different backgrounds - Different interests - Different jobs

Privacy

The

residents

Common

responsibilities

Shared

responsibilities

- Cooking - Cleaning - Maintenance

Decision

making

Structured

Floating

Outsourced

responsibilities

- Cooking - Cleaning - Maintenance Oscar Wilner

(31)

-31/93

The entrance

collective

- Public living room - Public kitchen - Heterogenous group - Outsourced responsibilities

The introvert

collective

- Semi private spaces - Heterogenous group - Outsourced responsibilities

The extrovert

collective

- Shared bedrooms - Shared Bathrooms - Shared laundry - Homogenous group - Shared responsibilities

Less privacy

+

Heterogeneity

+

Outsourced responsibilities

=

More privacy

+

Heterogeneity

+

Outsourced responsibilities

=

Less privacy

+

Homogenity

+

Shared responsibilities

=

Oscar Wilner

(32)

-Oscar Wilner

(33)

Oscar Wilner

(34)

Oscar Wilner

Norra Tornen: Making exclusive living including Thesis project / Spring 2020 - MY PROJECT - ENTRANCE FLOOR - FLOOR 4-15 - FLOOR 30-34 - FLOOR 35-37

THE PROJECT

- CONTENTS

-The entrance

The apartments

The penthouse

The shared spaces

The terraces

(35)

The event space

- Multi purpose rentable space

The retail space

- Alternatives to consumtion - Public functions

Oscar Wilner

Norra Tornen: Making exclusive living including Thesis project / Spring 2020 - MY PROJECT - ENTRANCE FLOOR - FLOOR 4-15 - FLOOR 30-34 - FLOOR 35-37 - CONTENTS

-The entrance

collective

- Public living room - Public kitchen - Heterogenous group - Outsourced responsibilities

The introvert

collective

(36)

Oscar Wilner

Norra Tornen: Making exclusive living including Thesis project / Spring 2020 - MY PROJECT - ENTRANCE FLOOR - FLOOR 4-15 - FLOOR 30-34 - FLOOR 35-37

THE PROJECT

- CONTENTS

-The retail space

- Alternatives to consumtion - Public functions

The entrance

collective

- Public living room - Public kitchen - Heterogenous group - Outsourced

responsibilities

(37)

Public hobby

room

- Excersize - Work - Building - Games - Meetings - Handcraft 1:130

The public

living room

Oscar Wilner

(38)

The apartmetns

- Small seating area - 1-4 bedrooms - 1-2 Bathrooms - Laundry - Storage

The public

kitchen

1:130 Oscar Wilner

(39)

ENTRANCE HALL RECEPTION DESK DELIVERY ROOM _RETAIL RETAIL RETAIL GARBAGE RESIDENTIAL RECYCLING GARAGE ENTRANCE (BIKES AND CARS) RETAIL WC LOBBY WC ELEVATOR LOBBY CORRIDOR Oscar Wilner

Norra Tornen: Making exclusive living including - MY PROJECT

- ENTRANCE FLOOR

- FLOOR 4-15

- FLOOR 30-34

- FLOOR 35-37

- EXISTING ENTRANCE FLOOR

-1:130

(40)

40/93

T M K DM F TT T M DM K F RETAIL WALK IN CLOSET ELEVATOR LOBBY CORRIDOR MACHINE ROOM BEDROOM BEDROOM WC BEDROOM BEDROOM TERRACE TERRACE TERRACE TERRACE WC WC LIVING ROOM WALK IN CLOSET LAUNDRY KITCHEN MASTER BEDROOM TERRACE KITCHEN LIVING ROOM LIVING ROOM Oscar Wilner

Norra Tornen: Making exclusive living including - MY PROJECT - ENTRANCE FLOOR - FLOOR 4-15 - FLOOR 30-34 - FLOOR 35-37

THE PROJECT

- EXISTING FIRST FLOOR

(41)

41/93

T M K DM F TT T M DM K F RETAIL WALK IN CLOSET ELEVATOR LOBBY CORRIDOR MACHINE ROOM BEDROOM BEDROOM WC BEDROOM BEDROOM TERRACE TERRACE TERRACE TERRACE WC WC LIVING ROOM WALK IN CLOSET LAUNDRY KITCHEN MASTER BEDROOM TERRACE KITCHEN LIVING ROOM LIVING ROOM Oscar Wilner

Norra Tornen: Making exclusive living including - MY PROJECT

- ENTRANCE FLOOR

- FLOOR 4-15

- FLOOR 30-34

- FLOOR 35-37

- EXISTING FIRST FLOOR

(42)

42/93

T M K DM F TT T M DM K F RETAIL WALK IN CLOSET ELEVATOR LOBBY CORRIDOR MACHINE ROOM BEDROOM BEDROOM WC BEDROOM BEDROOM TERRACE TERRACE TERRACE TERRACE WC WC LIVING ROOM WALK IN CLOSET LAUNDRY KITCHEN MASTER BEDROOM TERRACE KITCHEN LIVING ROOM LIVING ROOM

3 BEDROOM

101 m

2

(4 PERSONS)

2 BEDROOM

90 m

2

(3 PERSONS)

7 RESIDENTS

Oscar Wilner

(43)

-43/93

DELIVERY ROOM RETAIL RETAIL GARBAGE RESIDENTIAL RECYCLING GARAGE ENTRANCE (BIKES AND CARS) RETAIL WC WC ELEVATOR LOBBY CORRIDOR BASEMENT ENTRANCE ENTRANCE HALL PUBLIC LIVING ROOM PUBLIC HOBBY ROOM 1:130 Oscar Wilner

(44)

-44/93

T M DM DM K F F TM TM PUBLIC HOBBY ROOM ELEVATOR LOBBY CORRIDOR MACHINE ROOM BEDROOM BEDROOM WC BEDROOM BEDROOM TERRACE TERRACE TERRACE TERRACE WC LIVING ROOM STORAGE MASTER BEDROOM TERRACE LIVING ROOM GARDEN WC _STORAGE BEDROOM BEDROOM WC BEDROOM BEDROOM PUBLIC KITCHEN TERRACE TERRACE STORAGE Oscar Wilner

THE PROJECT

- PROPOSED FIRST FLOOR

(45)

-45/93

(3-4 PERSONS)

12-18 RESIDENTS

Oscar Wilner

(46)

-46/93

T M DM DM K F F TM TM PUBLIC HOBBY ROOM ELEVATOR LOBBY CORRIDOR MACHINE ROOM BEDROOM BEDROOM WC BEDROOM BEDROOM TERRACE TERRACE TERRACE TERRACE WC LIVING ROOM STORAGE MASTER BEDROOM TERRACE LIVING ROOM GARDEN WC _STORAGE BEDROOM BEDROOM WC BEDROOM BEDROOM PUBLIC KITCHEN TERRACE TERRACE STORAGE

- 1 KITCHEN

+ 2 BEDROOMS

+ STORAGE

+ 1 WC

- 1 KITCHEN

+ 1 BEDROOM

+ STORAGE

- 1 KITCHEN

+ 1 BEDROOM

+ STORAGE

+ KITCHEN

Oscar Wilner

The garden

- Food production - Artificial/ natural light - Fika place

The offline room

- Relax - Meditation - Mindfullness - Board games - Puzzles

The apartmetns

- Small seating area - 1-4 bedrooms - 1-2 Bathrooms - Laundry - Storage

Semi private space

- Kitchen - Living room

The workshop

- 3d printing (spare parts) - Repairing - Sharing - Sawing - Sewing - Working benches

The

bedrooms

- 1-2 beds - Foldable bed - Foldable office desk 1:130 Oscar Wilner

(52)

52/93

K DM TM K DM TM TM TM T M TM T M DM DM DM K DM F DM DM K F K K K K HALLWAY TERRACE MASTER BEDROOM BEDROOM WC KITCHEN BEDROOM KITCHEN WC WC WC WC WC WC WC WC MASTER BEDROOM MASTER BEDROOM MASTER BEDROOM BEDROOM BEDROOM BEDROOM BEDROOM BEDROOM BEDROOM TERRACE TERRACE TERRACE TERRACE TERRACE TERRACE TERRACE TERRACE TERRACE TERRACE BEDROOM KITCHEN KITCHEN KITCHEN KITCHEN KITCHEN KITCHEN LIVING ROOM LIVING ROOM LIVING ROOM LIVING ROOM LIVING ROOM LIVING ROOM LIVING ROOM LIVING ROOM WALK IN CLOSET WALK IN CLOSET WALK IN CLOSET

B

Oscar Wilner

(53)

53/93

B

Oscar Wilner

(54)

54/93

1 BEDROOM

58 m

2

(2 PERSONS)

1 BEDROOM

62 m

2

(2 PERSONS)

1 BEDROOM

57 m

2

(2 PERSONS

61 m

2

(4-6

PERSONS)

3 BEDROOM

77 m

2

(5-8 PERSONS)

4 BEDROOM

77 m

2

(5-8

PERSONS)

SHARED

SPACE

160 m

2

26-40 RESIDENTS

B

Oscar Wilner

(56)

56/93

- 1 KITCHEN

+ 2 BEDROOMS

+ STORAGE

- 1 KITCHEN

+ 2 BEDROOMS

+ STORAGE

- 1 KITCHEN

+ 2 BEDROOMS

+ STORAGE

_{- 1 KITCHEN}

+ 2 BEDROOMS

+ STORAGE

+ 1 WC

- 1 KITCHEN

+ 1 BEDROOM

+ STORAGE

+ 1 WC

- 1 KITCHEN

+ 2 BEDROOMS

+ STORAGE

- 4 BEDROOMS

- 2 WC

- 2 LIVING ROOMS

- STORAGE

+ ACTIVITY SPACE

+ WORKSHOP

+ GARDEN

+ OFFLINE ROOM

B

Oscar Wilner

(57)

57/93

4,4

2,8

4,4

2,8

4,4

2,8

4,4

2,8

4,4

2,8

4,4

2,8

B

Oscar Wilner

(58)

58/93

Oscar Wilner

THE PROJECT

- CONTENTS -1:130

(59)

59/93

B

Oscar Wilner

(60)

60/93

Kitchen Activity space Workshop Oscar Wilner

(61)

61/93

Oscar Wilner

(62)

-62/93

Oscar Wilner

(63)

-The extrovert

collective

- Shared bedrooms - Shared Bathrooms - Shared laundry - Homogenous group - Shared responsibilities Oscar Wilner

(64)

The activity space

- Living room - Dining - Office - Excersice - Parties - Relax - Entertainment - Games - Flexible walls

The garden

- Growing in the winters - Artificial/ natural light - Fika place

The workshop

- 3d printing (spare parts) - Repairing - Sharing - Sawing - Sewing - Working benches

The

Oscar Wilner

(71)

The event space

- Lectures - Concerts - Presentations - Dance - Conference - Stage - Removable bleachers

The garden

- Fruits - Vegetables

- Artificial/ natural light - Fika place

- Specifically for the restaurant

The restaurant

- Local production - Food and entertainment

The roof terrace

- Seating - Eating - Unprogrammed space

Backstage area

- Seating - Resting - Dressing room - Bathroom

Bar/ Lounge

1:130 Oscar Wilner

(72)

72/93

F K U /M TM K TERRACE 1 TERRACE 2 TERRACE 3 TERRACE 4 LIVING ROOM 1 BEDROOM 1 KITCHEN WC 1 WC 2 LIBRARY HALLWAY TERRACE 1 TERRACE 2 TERRACE 3 LIBRARY BEDROOM MASTER BEDROOM WALK IN CLOSET CLOSET WC 1 WC 2 LIVING ROOM KITCHEN LAUNDRY DM DM Oscar Wilner

(73)

-73/93

F K U /M TM K TERRACE 1 TERRACE 2 TERRACE 3 TERRACE 4 LIVING ROOM 1 BEDROOM 1 KITCHEN WC 1 WC 2 LIBRARY HALLWAY TERRACE 1 TERRACE 2 TERRACE 3 LIBRARY BEDROOM MASTER BEDROOM WALK IN CLOSET CLOSET WC 1 WC 2 LIVING ROOM KITCHEN LAUNDRY DM DM Oscar Wilner

(74)

-74/93

F K U /M TM K TERRACE 1 TERRACE 2 TERRACE 3 TERRACE 4 LIVING ROOM 1 BEDROOM 1 KITCHEN WC 1 WC 2 LIBRARY HALLWAY TERRACE 1 TERRACE 2 TERRACE 3 LIBRARY BEDROOM MASTER BEDROOM WALK IN CLOSET CLOSET WC 1 WC 2 LIVING ROOM KITCHEN LAUNDRY DM DM

3 BEDROOM

110 m

2

(4 PERSONS)

13 RESIDENTS

5 BEDROOM

154 m

2

(9 PERSONS)

Oscar Wilner

(75)

75/93

T M T M TERRACE 5 MASTER BEDROOM WALK IN CLOSET BEDROOM 4 WC 3 TECHNICAL SPACE TECHNICAL SPACE WC 5 BEDROOM 3 BEDROOM 2 TERRACE 6 TERRACE 7 TERRACE 8 TERRACE 9 LIVING ROOM 2 WALK IN CLOSET PRIVATE ELEVATOR LOBBY CORRIDOR WC WC Oscar Wilner

(76)

-76/93

T M T M TERRACE 5 MASTER BEDROOM WALK IN CLOSET BEDROOM 4 WC 3 TECHNICAL SPACE TECHNICAL SPACE WC 5 BEDROOM 3 BEDROOM 2 TERRACE 6 TERRACE 7 TERRACE 8 TERRACE 9 LIVING ROOM 2 WALK IN CLOSET PRIVATE ELEVATOR LOBBY CORRIDOR WC WC Oscar Wilner

(77)

-77/93

TERRACE 10 SHARED TERRACE MACHINE ROOM MACHINE ROOM MACHINE ROOM Oscar Wilner

(78)

-78/93

TERRACE 10 SHARED TERRACE MACHINE ROOM MACHINE ROOM MACHINE ROOM Oscar Wilner

(79)

-79/93

DM BAR BACKSTAGE AREA TERRACE TERRACE TERRACE WC WC TERRACE 1 TERRACE GARDEN ELEVATOR LOBBY WC STORAGE DRESSING STORAGE STORAGE WC PODIUM EVENT SPACE Oscar Wilner

(80)

-80/93

DM BAR BACKSTAGE AREA TERRACE TERRACE TERRACE WC WC TERRACE 1 TERRACE GARDEN ELEVATOR LOBBY WC STORAGE DRESSING STORAGE STORAGE WC PODIUM EVENT SPACE Oscar Wilner

(81)

-81/93

K K K K K DM DM DM DM KITCHEN RESTAURANT TERRACE WC TECHNICAL SPACE TECHNICAL SPACE TERRACE TERRACE TERRACE TERRACE ELEVATOR LOBBY CORRIDOR WC STORAGE Oscar Wilner

(82)

-82/93

K K K K K DM DM DM DM KITCHEN RESTAURANT TERRACE WC TECHNICAL SPACE TECHNICAL SPACE TERRACE TERRACE TERRACE TERRACE ELEVATOR LOBBY CORRIDOR WC STORAGE Oscar Wilner

(83)

-83/93

SHARED TERRACE MACHINE ROOM MACHINE ROOM MACHINE ROOM CORRIDOR SHARED TERRACE Oscar Wilner

(84)

-84/93

Kitchen Dressing room Event space Terrace Garden Backstage area Oscar Wilner

(85)

85/93

Oscar Wilner

(86)

86/93

Oscar Wilner

(87)

-87/93

Oscar Wilner

(88)

-Oscar Wilner

Norra Tornen: Making exclusive living including - STATISTICS - DISCUSSION - ADDITIONAL CONTENT

CONCLUSIONS

- CONTENTS -1:1000 Private space Shared space Retail

Shafts and stairs

(89)

2020 - 2050

Social

sustainability

Environmental

sustainability

Oscar Wilner

(90)

90/93

Oscar Wilner

Norra Tornen: Making exclusive living including

CONCLUSIONS

- REFERENCES

- SITE PICTURES

- METHOD

- HISTORY OF THE SWEDISH HOUSING MARKET

- MAPPING OF EXCLUSIVE HOUSING

Litterature:

¤ Engström, Carl-Johan. (2019) En ny plattform för att lösa bostadsfrågan, Global utmaning ¤ Holmqvist, E. Turner, LM. (2014) Swedish welfare state and housing markets: under economic and political pressure. Journal of housing and the built environment.

¤ Wirtén, Per (2012) Där jag kommer från- kriget mot förorten. Stockholm: Albert Bon niers förlag. ¤ Urban, Susanne. (2016) Vad spelar det för roll var du bor? Fores, 3

¤ Wind, Barend. Hedman, Lina. (2016) Housing pathways and capital gains in the Swedish housing market between 1995 and 2010. HOWCOME working paper series.

¤ Grundström, Karin. Molina, Irene. (2016) From Folkhem to lifestyle housing in Sweden: segregation and urban form, 1930s-2010s. International journal of housing policy, 16

¤ Listerborn, Carina. (2018) Bostadsojämlikhet: röster om bostadsnöden. Malmö universitet. ¤ Purcell, M (2009) Resisting Neoliberalization: Communicative Planning or Counter-Hegemonic Movements? Planning Theory

¤ Maak, Niklas (2015) Living Complex- From Zombie City to the New Communal. Hirmer

¤ Persson, Björn. Boman, Ulf. (2019) (Scenariorapport Elastiska Hem. Kod Architects. Kairos Future ¤ (2016) Artificial intelligence and life in 2030, Stanford report

¤ Ett gemensamt bostadsforsorjningsansvar. SOU, 2018:35

¤ Åkerman, Brita (1941) Familjen som växte ur sitt hem. Lindbergs tryckeriaktiebolag

¤ Aalbers, M. B. (2019). From Third to Fifth-Wave Gentrification. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie 110(1), 1-11.

¤ Fernandez, R., Hofman, A., & Aalbers, M. B. (2016). London and New York as a Safe Deposit Box for the Transnational Wealth Elite. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 48(12), 2443-2461. ¤ Rådh, Lars. (2015) Skillnadernas Stockholm, Stockholm municipality

¤ Österberg, Sven-Erik (2018) Läget i länet, bostadsmarknaden i Stockholms län 2018. Rapport 2018:9. Länsstyrelsen Stockholm

¤ Nylander, Ola, Svensk bostadsarkitektur : utveckling från 1800-tal till 2000-tal. Studentlitteratur ¤ The City from Above: Contributions of Condominium Towers towards an Urban Uprising, SABRINA OUYANG, TRAIL SIX UNDERGRADUATE JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHY, VOLUME 13: 2018-19

¤ 1984. Orwell, G (1949) Secker & Warburg ¤ High Rise. J. G. Ballard, 1975

¤ Atwood, Margaret (1985) The Handmaids Tale

Websites:

https://www.globalamalen.se/ - UN Global goals https://oma.eu/ https://www.sweco.se/ https://etjanster.stockholm.se/Byggochplantjansten/start https://www.scb.se/ https://www.e-ci.com/baam/ https://www.explainingthefuture.com/ https://www.kairosfuture.com/se/forskning/projekt/hemmet-som-bo-vard-och-arbetsplats/ https://etttak.se/sv/start/ Film:

- The Hunger Games (2012) - In Time (2011) - District 9 (2009) - Blade Runner (1982) - The book 1984 - Metropolis (1927) Architecture:

200-Eleventh-Avenue - Selldorf Architects Continental Apartments- Andreas Martin-Löf 432 Park Avenue- Rafael Viñoly

Ikano bostad- flexlägenheter

Einar Mattsson testbed student housing KTH Veidekke Flex

HSB living lab More

Thesis projects

¤ BO - En historisk och arkitektonisk undersökning avkollektiva boendeformer i Sverige, HANNA SKOG, KLARA JONSSON

¤ Ekblad, Marie, Urbana nomader: Likheter och ojämlikheter på en rörlig bostadsmarknad ¤ Remember the future- Jakob Wiklander, Nils Sandström

Articles:

¤ Listerborn, Carina. (2019/02/07)) Problemet är inte bostadsbrist utan bostadsojämlikhet. Dagens Arena ¤ Ozmin, Janek (2019/01/14) Tillträde till elitens rum- Bostaden som lyxvara. Stockholmstidningen ¤ DN- Så kommer framtidens arbetsplats att förändras, Annika Wilhelmson

¤ ”Överraskar inte att nyliberalerna nu blir upprörda” - DN.SE ¤ _Mina torn var betydligt resligare_

¤ A Towering Trend of Supertall Buildings ¤ Låt marknaden alltid styra vad som ska byggas

¤ Dematerialising the future_ what role can technology and consumers play_ _ Guardian Sustainable Business _ The Guardian

¤ Drivkrafterna bakom nyliberaliseringen kom från många olika håll - Respons ¤ ett-gemensamt-bostadsforsorjningsansvar-sou-201835

¤ För 70 miljoner får man nio terrasser och en takterrass _ Göteborgs-Posten - Ekonomi ¤ In Stockholm, a Turn to Sharing Homes - The New York Times

¤ Inte en enda såld bostad för Oscar Properties

¤ New York's Current Building Boom is Only an Architectural _Renaissance_ for the 1% ¤ Oscar Properties_ Dramatik kring båda Norra Tornen - Fastigheter

¤ Oscar säljer toppvåning för 66 miljoner _ Fastighetsvärlden

¤ Problemet är inte bostadsbrist utan bostadsojämlikhet - Dagens Arena ¤ Reformisterna_ Marknaden kommer inte lösa bostadsbristen _ SvD ¤ Sagan om de två tornen – och Oscars rekordpriser _ Fastighetsvärlden ¤ Slutbetänkande delegation bostad 2030

¤ Slättö och Fastpartner köper 50% av Helix från Oscar Properties _ Fastighetsvärlden ¤ What Is the Maker Movement and Why Should You Care_ _ HuffPost

¤ With Norra Tornen, OMA's de Graaf Doesn't Practice What He Preaches, Metropolis mag ¤ Tidskriften Arkitektur, Tema. Projekt. Lite grann från ovan

Tomas Lauri. 2019. Nummer 2, s. 26-37

¤ Tidskriften Arkitektur_reportage_mörka-utsikter_27/04/16

- STATISTICS

- DISCUSSION

(91)

91/93

MY METHOD

I have analysed the three projects with material from the architects and engineers of the projects, site visits , and visits to the apartments. To decide my program, I have done research on other exclusive projects on a international scale, to get inspiration, highlighted certain aspects/ funtions that I predict would be desired, picked existing ones and speculate new ones. Also identify aspects of poor housing, and imagine poor housing in the future. I have also taken part of material to speculate how my sustainable utoia would look like. I have then “invented” characters, that will inhabit the apartments, and connect the program to them. I will present the buildings throug photographs, drawings and 3d printed models of the exisitng buildings. Then I created my design proposals for alterations of the projects incorporating the additions and functions that I have highlighted earlier, adapting them for my imagined residents. Present the proposals in drawing (details preferably), 3d prints and montages.

Stockholm 2050- Dystopia

In Stockholm 2050 the problematic development of today that I highlight has continued, leading to huge inequalities in society with great tensions. Norra Tornen will be modified to adapt to higher and higher needs of luxury, being part of the wealthy but isolated inner city of Stockholm. The high end architecture of today will be pushed to new levels of luxury. The property owners and inhabitants will desperately modify and alter these buildings to attract the highest selling prices and most wealthy residents. Brohuset on the other hand now lies outside the safe and exlusive inner city and faces a different future. The building is not maintained and decays, it gets vandalized and inhabited by the most exposed people in society. The property owner exploits their weakness by compressing the room sizes radically to maximize the number of inhabitants. The residents lives under constant threat and are forced to conduct slave labour in order to keep their bed. This scenario could be similair to the novel "The Hunger Games" by Suzanne Collins, where the society is completely segregated and divided into zones for different classes, and where the wealthy elite dominates the inner city completely. Furthermore, the technological development have only benefited the wealthy and powerful and it is used to opress and control the population on the outside. Though vulgar and bombastic projects emerge in the central city constantly, the built environment is after all maintained, planned, developed and regulated. Outside the inner city perimeters the life quality is rapidly reduced and bad quality and fast produced shantytown-like housing areas emerge, construction is completely unregulated and property owners can make huge profit while taking no responsibility of the building quality or maintenance. A belt of hard working citizens who serve the wealthy inner city is further out replaced by big masses of outcast people, climate refugees and so on. The social democratic “Peoples home” and all types of collective feelings is all but a distant memory. The world is now dominated by nationalism and isolationism, and the contradictory presence of global mega tech companies. The elite that houses the inner city is dominated by the owners of these companies, who through their global network maintain control of the population through nationalistic rethoric and desinformation. Political leaders and elections are all cotrolled by this small global elite. The trust in the state and it´s institutions is low, despite strong desinformation, but the public are unable to protest due to strong groupings and conflicts among each other, and opression by the elite. Because of the low trust in the state and our co citizens, the family becomes more important too. The world consits of ovecrowded cities and large urban regions. Some are controlled centrally like in Stockholm, some lies in complete anarchy. Some past urban areas are today unhabitable due to climate change. The relative order in Stockholm is due to a relatively favourable economical development and the presence of important tech companies, but it has of course only benefitted the elite.

As a method of developing this project and ofrmulating my ideas I have worked through two future scenarios, Dystopia and Utopia:

FUTURE SCENARIOS

As human beings, we have a tendency of not reacting to slow changes. If someone would radically change society over a night many of us would probably react and protest. But if, let´s say, society changes over a twenty years period, we risk missing out that something´s actually different, which makes it hard for us to question the change at all. With for example political opposition, free press, statistics and facts we can compensate for this limitation in us. With our knowledge we can also envision the future and make predictions that raises questions in our selves, that can make us question the actions we do today, and how they might shape the future. My project will travel 30 years ahead in time and I will use my architectural knowledge to picture my future dystopy through that

knowledge. An analyze of Norra Tornen and Brohuset, both located centrally in Stockholm, will be followed by alterations of them, alterations that align with my future scenario. Welcome to Stockholm 2050!

Stockholm 2050- Utopia

The society has found a sustainable balance between liberalism and socialism, which means that the state is responsible for important functons in society (and runs them well). This means a safe, stable and equal society with high trust in the state and institutions. The economy is stable and gains all of us. By state intervetions and the notion of work as something flexible, smaller towns and the

coutryside are attractive once again, and the overcrowding of Stockholm has stopped. Urban space is shared in a fair manner and everyone benefits from a growing and developing Stockholm.

Neighbourhoods are characterized by diversity of people and forms of living/ housing typologies and theres no clear difference between poor and rich areas. The tolerance of different family

constellations and forms of living is high. Strong municipal housing companies coexist with private housing companies and garanties good housing for eveyone, wich means that housing prices are radically lower compared to the 2010´s and 20´s. The socio economic difference between the city center and suburb has decreased. All housing are energy efficient, well planned and flexible. The technological development has gained us all wich means that we live longer, healthier and happier lives. This development also means that we have enough time and recources to take care of the many elders. Work is social, stimulating and creative and the long working days of the 20's is only a distant memory now, which means that elders are also able to contribute longer at workplaces (if they want to). By 2050, loneliness is less of a problem due to the more stimulating and less stressful lives. Strong democratic values ensures transparent political elections and unthreatened critical media, that makes us resilient to simple short term solutions, lies, propaganda and populism. The society is based on scientific rationality and therefore we have together managed to reduce waste/pollution and save our nature. Anyone who tries to threaten these values will have little to say due to strong international cooperation.

Oscar Wilner

Norra Tornen: Making exclusive living including - STATISTICS - DISCUSSION - ADDITIONAL CONTENT - REFERENCES - SITE PICTURES - METHOD

(92)

92/93

Free plan. Loadbearing exterior walls enables interior adjustments

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Oscar Wilner

Norra Tornen: Making exclusive living including

CONCLUSIONS

- STATISTICS

- DISCUSSION

- ADDITIONAL CONTENT

Västra Orminge, Skarne prefabricated panel system, 1960:s. Open system with flexible interior walls. Curman architects.

Source: Ohlsson & Skarne

Fittja highrises, prefabricated panel system, 1970:s. Open system with flexible interior walls. Höjer & Ljungqvist architects.

Source: Spridd architects

Östberga, Skarne prefabricated facade panels, 1950:s. Semi open system with load bearing and flexible interior walls. Architect Lars Magnus Giertz.

Source: Stockholm stad

"Stjärnhusen", Gröndal, 1940:s. Load bearing facade and interior walls. Backström & Reinus architects.

Source: Ola Nylander, Svensk bostadsarkitektur

Gärdet, 1930:s. Load bearing facade and interior walls. Architect Rissel Carlsson. Source: Ola Nylander, Svensk bostadsarkitektur

Housing production levels in Sweden, 1900-2018. Source: Bo- Antologi

- REFERENCES

- SITE PICTURES

- METHOD

(93)

93/93

GSEducationalVersion

Fortsatt stor utflyttning från Stockholms stad till andra länskommuner

Det föddes 3 208 barn i Stockholms stad under första kvartalet, 39 fler än under första kvartalet 2018. Antalet avlidna minskade från 1 784 till 1 662, vilket gav ett ökat födelseöverskott med 161 personer. Under kvartal 1 2019 var inrikes flyttnettot negativt och det beror på att flyttnettot mot det egna länet är negativt samtidigt som flyttnettot mot övriga Sverige var relativt lågt, 530 personer. Inrikes flyttnettot var minus 761 personer kvartal 1 2019, motsva-rande kvartal 2018 var minus 1 238 personer. Trots fortsatt stor utflyttning till andra läns-kommuner så var inte det negativa flyttnettot lika stort jämfört med motsvarande kvartal 2018.

Tabell 1: Folkmängd 31 mars 2019 och befolkningsförändringar under första kvartalet i Stockholms län, dess kommuner och riket

Folkmängd i riket, län och kommuner 31 mars 2019 och befolkningsförändringar 1 januari - 31 mars 2019

Kommunnamn Folkmängd Folk- Levande Döda Födelse- Inflyttade Utflyttade Flyttningsnetto Länsnamn ökning födda överskott Totaltdärav från Totalt därav till Totaltdärav mot

Egna Övriga Ut- Egna Övriga Ut- Egna Övriga Ut-länet Sverige landet länet Sverige landet länetSverige landet Botkyrka 93 569 463 261 149 112 2 324 1 572 301 451 2 103 1 651 306 146 221 -79 -5 305 Danderyd 33 187 0 68 75 -7 677 439 93 145 677 460 143 74 0 -21 -50 71 Ekerö 28 363 55 59 38 21 397 282 64 51 378 252 97 29 19 30 -33 22 Haninge 90 353 364 280 161 119 1 870 1 316 275 279 1 702 1 300 313 89 168 16 -38 190 Huddinge 112 091 369 316 162 154 3 005 2 120 407 478 2 878 2 314 420 144 127 -194 -13 334 Järfälla 79 015 535 237 144 93 1 877 1 325 318 234 1 466 1 033 320 113 411 292 -2 121 Lidingö 47 848 30 106 102 4 857 555 170 132 834 583 178 73 23 -28 -8 59 Nacka 104 078 422 287 165 122 2 199 1 612 331 256 1 926 1 384 386 156 273 228 -55 100 Norrtälje 61 864 95 136 181 -45 721 435 189 97 589 319 221 49 132 116 -32 48 Nykvarn 10 981 58 32 21 11 169 109 48 12 126 75 41 10 43 34 7 2 Nynäshamn 28 337 47 78 69 9 449 322 72 55 425 302 93 30 24 20 -21 25 Salem 16 789 3 47 28 19 337 245 60 32 361 260 69 32 -24 -15 -9 0 Sigtuna 48 293 163 151 70 81 1 146 649 290 207 1 080 651 336 93 66 -2 -46 114 Sollentuna 72 888 360 196 127 69 1 697 1 187 250 260 1 437 1 056 269 112 260 131 -19 148 Solna 81 323 373 311 146 165 2 820 1 916 493 411 2 647 2 028 397 222 173 -112 96 189 Stockholm 965 232 3 078 3 208 1 662 1 546 17 083 8 644 4 595 3 844 15 912 9 935 4 065 1 912 1 171 -1 291 530 1 932 Sundbyberg 50 953 389 201 76 125 1 864 1 387 269 208 1 611 1 293 239 79 253 94 30 129 Södertälje 97 865 484 250 185 65 1 915 1 052 480 383 1 556 906 515 135 359 146 -35 248 Tyresö 48 196 192 99 78 21 827 612 137 78 671 526 106 39 156 86 31 39 Täby 71 502 105 165 125 40 1 234 937 189 108 1 176 823 275 78 58 114 -86 30 Upplands Väsby 45 885 342 144 60 84 1 155 833 185 137 920 658 206 56 235 175 -21 81 Upplands-Bro 28 912 156 71 47 24 651 442 120 89 533 351 145 37 118 91 -25 52 Vallentuna 33 646 214 70 55 15 677 508 92 77 483 367 88 28 194 141 4 49 Vaxholm 11 993 -30 20 22 -2 147 108 16 23 177 137 37 3 -30 -29 -21 20 Värmdö 44 471 74 93 64 29 706 523 95 88 678 489 164 25 28 34 -69 63 Österåker 44 915 84 112 77 35 628 437 102 89 593 414 150 29 35 23 -48 60 Länet totalt 2 352 549 8 425 6 998 4 089 2 909 17 865 . 9 641 8 224 13 372 . 9 579 3 793 4 493 . 62 4 431 Riket 10 255 102 24 917 28 230 23 646 4 584 27 686 . . 27 686 10 879 . . 10 879 16 807 . . 16 807

The housing market today

Today's deregulated Swedish housing market contribute to unsafe and segregated cities, the distribution of rental apartments and cooperative apartments have changed completely, and housing is no longer produced for those who need it the most. Politicians have failed to make smaller cities and the countryside attractive again which lead to more pressure on for example Stockholm and it´s housing market. Carina Listerborn, professor in urban planning at Malmö University explains the situation clearly in this quote:

“Following the political shift in the beginning of the 90s the view of housing as a commodity grew stronger. The market, in effect, became responsible for the housing supply, even though municipalities still had the formal responsibility for housing. The result is an enormous lack of affordable rental apartments, a large number of rental apartments being converted into coop apartments, low levels of maintenance that today leads to a renovation need, a growing second hand market and increased homelessness”

Barend Wind and Lina Hedman, also researchers in housing and segregation at University of Groningen, Netherlands, and Uppsala University writes:

“Decennia of market- oriented reforms on the Swedish housing market (privatization of public housing, liberalization of mortgage finance, etc.) has contributed to a more market-based sorting of individuals over urban space”

massive shift in the apartment housing stock in Stockholm municipality since 1990. This happens while the rental apartments rent increases dramatically, and existing rental apartments are turned into housing cooperatives. This contributes to the housing segregation.

Housing prices increases in general, and higher and higher numbers of people move to Stockholm county, leading to a greater housing shortage. Housing loans increases, leading to a more and more unstable economic situation for residents. The swedish population is today the most leveraged in europe. (Listerborn)

In recent statisstics, we can see that surrounding neighborhoods and municipalities grow faster than the inner city. The reason for people leaving the inner city in favour of surrounding municipalities could be connected to the increase in housing prices, gentrification and the emerging exclusive projects. We can also see that more men than women choses to leave the inner city.

Oscar Wilner

Norra Tornen: Making exclusive living including Thesis project / Spring 2020 - STATISTICS

- DISCUSSION

- ADDITIONAL CONTENT

While we are getting closer to the housing production levels of the million program- era, today´s housing is largely aimed at the most wealthy in society, there´s no long term perspective. The social consequences of today´s housing market will be huge.

Average price development in Stockholm county, housing coop Source: SCB

Produced housing in Sweden, apartment blocks and detached housing. Source: SCB

Leasehold shares in Stockholms county, 1990 and 2017. Source: SCB

Rent development for rental apartments in greater Swedish municipalities.

Source: SCB

Completed housing vs. population growth, Stockholm county.

Source: Boverket _{Household bedt, in relation to the available income and financial}

assets. Source: SCB

Population movement in 5 municilapities, new births, national migration and international migration.

Source: Boverket

Population movement in and out from Stockholm municipality, men and women, all ages.

Source: SCB

- REFERENCES - SITE PICTURES - METHOD