Mapping the Energy Use in Xinjiang Province of China

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DEPARTMENT OF TECHNOLOGY AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT

Mapping the Energy Use in Xinjiang

Province of China

Lu Tang

February 2009

Master’s Thesis in Energy System

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Programme

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Acknowledgement

This master thesis was written at Gavle University. After several months’ work, I have some important acknowledgements to make to people who helped me substantially in the writing of the study.

First of all, I would like to thank my supervisor Alemayehu Gebremedhin for his patience and support throughout my writing. I really appreciate his constructive criticism and advice as well as his positive attitude towards me. It encouraged me to keep working hard when times were tough.

Further, I would like to thank my opponents Xin Li and Yu Deng. Finally, I would like to thank some people who helped me translate the websites and provide me with their valuable opinions. And according to related information from my thesis, I promise that there are no copies in my thesis.

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Abstract

Energy plays an important role in Xinjiang’s development. In this thesis, the author’s purpose is to map the energy use in Xinjiang Province.

The author collected all kinds of information to introduce the background about Xinjiang, then, use some pictures and data to prove that Xinjiang is rich in energy, such as coal, natural gas, petroleum, and some renewable energy, for example solar, wind power and biomass. In addition, the author introduces Xinjiang in the forms of hydro electricity, wind power and thermal power, electricity generation and the situation of electricity market in Xinjiang. At last, the author introduces the situation of waste treatments in Xinjiang.

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6.1.1 Landfill ... 34

6.1.2 Incineration ... 34

6.2 Problems ... 34

6.3 Suggestions ... 35

7. Conclusion and discussion ...36

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1. Introduction

Energy is significant to our life. We use it in our daily life. We can not live without it.

Energy is used directly and converted to supply light, heat and power for human beings. With the high-speed economy and technology development, more and more types of energy appear. Meanwhile, energy is used in more and more areas of society.

Energy plays an important role in Xinjiang’s development. Xinjiang is rich in energy resources such as solar, wind power, petroleum, natural gas and coal. Besides, Xinjiang also has many mineral resources, such as, iron, copper, nickel and jade (stone for ornaments).

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2. Back

ground of Xi

njiang

2.1 Geography

Xinjiang is located in the northwest of China. Its area is 1.66 million square kilometers, accounting for one-sixth of the total area of China.

Xinjiang is the largest provincial-level administrative region in China. Meanwhile, Xinjiang is located in the hinter land of Eurasian continent and bordering with Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Pakistan, Mongolia, India and Afghanistan.[5]

Figure 1 the Map of China

Some data on climate, forest and water is given below[1].

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Table 1 Climate, forest and water information of Xinjiang

Item Unit 2006

Annual average

temperature ℃

12.7 Annual sunshine hours hour 2500-3500

Annual precipitation mm 150 The highest temperature

℃ 40

Climate

The lowest temperature

℃ -20

Woodland Area 10000hectares 180.73 Forest

Resource Forest-coverage Rate % 2.94

Surface water volume 100 million m3 793 Water

Resource Groundwater volume 100 million m3 572

Note: Xinjiang is characterized by arid climate, substantial sunlight and heat but scarce rainfall. Generally, the highest temperature is in July and the lowest temperature is in January.

2.2 Population

The following table shows the population of Xinjiang in 2005 and 2006[1].

Table 2 Population Information of Xinjiang[1]

(10000 persons)

Item 2005-2006 Total population at the year-end 200.5194

Urban 690.11 Rural 1373 sex 1008.05 Female 950.9 Birth rate (‰) 16.02 Death rate (‰) 5.1 Natural growth rate(‰) 10.8

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3. Energy Use in Xinjiang

3.1 The Situation of Energy Use in Xinjiang

3.1.1 Energy Production and Consumption

The following tables show some important data of energy use in Xinjiang . According to the tables we can find some information about how the energy is used in Xinjiang.

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Table 3 Total production of energy and its composition in Xinjiang (1978 -- 2005)

Percentage of Total Energy Production (%) Year Total Energy

Production (10000 tons of SCE)

Coal Crude Oil Natural Gas Hydropower and Wind power 1978 1410.75 60 35.8 2.4 1.8 1980 1527.72 58.4 36.5 3.1 2 1985 2092.47 60 34.1 3.5 2.4 1990 2801.57 58.8 35.8 2.4 3 1995 4266.06 50.1 43.5 3.6 2.8 1996 4755.5 49.3 44.1 3.9 2.7 1997 5130.6 46.2 45.4 5.5 2.9 1998 5095.18 45.1 45.7 6.2 3 1999 5246.28 41.8 47.4 7.9 2.9 2000 5419.77 40.6 48.7 7.9 2.8 2001 5720.04 38.7 48.6 9.7 3 2002 6156.05 39.5 47.3 10.5 2.7 2003 6657.43 41.1 46 10.2 2.7 2004 7112.95 41.4 45.3 10.7 2.6 2005 8175.74 37.9 42.1 17.3 2.7

Note: the coefficient for conversion of electric power into SCE (standard coal equivalent) is calculated on the base of the data of average coal consumption in generating electric power in the same year. The same is with the following tables.

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year by year, but the percentage of natural gas, hydropower and wind power is small, which is due to relatively immature technology and limited natural source. And from 1980 to 2005 the coal’s percentage of total energy production decreased because natural gas is rich in Xinjiang and its reserves ranked first in the country. In recent years, Xinjiang increases the efforts to develop and widely use natural gas. Additionally, the price is lower than coal, therefore, because of the promotion of natural gas, the coal’s percentage in total energy production decreased accordingly at that time.

Table 4 Total consumption of energy and its composition in Xinjiang

Percentage of Total Energy Consumption (%) Year Total Energy Consumption (10000 tons of SCE) Coal Crude Oil Nature Gas Hydropower and Wind power 1978 979.27 72.5 21.5 3.4 2.6 1980 1026.45 71.3 21.1 4.6 3 1985 1410.89 72 19.3 5.1 3.6 1990 1924.45 69.6 22.5 3.5 4.4 1995 2733.01 66.2 23.8 5.6 4.4 1996 3045.16 65.1 24.8 6 4.1 1997 3208.24 63.3 24.3 7.8 4.6 1998 3279.75 62.2 24.9 8.2 4.7 1999 3215.02 62.9 23.1 9.2 4.8 2000 3316.03 63.9 23.3 8.6 4.5 2001 3496.44 60.4 21.6 13.2 4.8 2002 3622.4 62.2 20.5 12.7 4.6 2003 4064.43 60.3 21.7 13.1 4.9 2004 4784.83 61 20.1 15 3.9 2005 5506.49 56.1 26.2 13.7 4

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From Table 4 , we can see that from 1978 to 2005 the total energy consumption also increased year by year, since coal could be used in many places. It occupies a big percentage, because the population in

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Xinjiang is not very big, so the percentage of crude oil, natural gas, hydropower and wind power are not so big.

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Table 5 Overall Energy Balance [1] (10000 tons of SCE)

Item 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Total Energy Available for Consumption

1470.48 2045.32 2883.61 3430.05 5349.17 Primary Energy Output 2092.47 2801.57 4266.06 5419.77 8175.74 Inflow from other Provinces

(Autonomous Regions and Municipalities)

2.54 2.26 8.29 25.59 58.17

Outflow 583.47 694.89 1414.05 2144.79 3172.41 Stock Changes in the Year -40.99 -58.78 24.35 53.99 95.71 Total Energy Consumption 1410.89 1924.45 2733.01 3316.03 5506.49 Consumption by Sector

Farming, Forestry, Animal Husbandry, Fishery and Water Conservancy

127.3 134.91 189.13 274.97 314.25 Industry 679.58 1095.22 1571.88 1860.26 3440.83

Construction 41.16 41.16 63.01 81.73 43.22

Transportation, Post and Telecommunications Services

89.24 99.72 152.77 189.76 413.77 Commerce, Catering Services,

Materials Supply, Marketing and Storage 12.98 26.28 51.37 93.83 138.39 Others 104.98 99.12 205.04 164.57 177.51 Residential Consumption 355.65 428.04 499.84 650.91 978.54 Consumption by Usage Final Consumption 1337.2 1825.44 2587.35 3148.77 5086.96 Industry 605.94 996.27 1426.22 1692.96 3021.27 Losses in Processing and

Transformation

26.76 27.9 62.06 91.25 228.26

Coking 13.86 13 27.56 72.05 77.6

Petroleum Refining Other Losses 7.41 13.16 33.49 75.99 62.18 Other Losses 46.68 71.05 83.6 76.05 191.27 Balance 59.59 120.87 150.6 114.02 -157.32

Note: a) Industry data includes the data of village-run industry. (The same is with the following tables).

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caloric value. Therefore, losses in processing and transformation exclude losses in power generation and heating.

c) Data on imports include the petroleum consumed by the Xinjiang airplanes in refueling abroad. Data on exports include the petroleum consumed by the foreign airplanes in refueling in Xinjiang

Some explanation in Table5:

Final energy consumption: it refers to the total energy consumption by material production sector, non material production sector and households in the province in a given period, but excludes the consumption in conversion of the primary energy into the secondary energy and the loss in the process of energy conversion[1].

Loss during the process of energy conversion: it refers to the total input of various kinds of energy for conversion, minus the total output of various kinds of energy in the province in a given period. It is an indicator to show the loss that occurs during the process of energy conversion . [1]

Loss: it refers to the total loss of energy during the course of energy transport, distribution and storage, and the loss caused by any objective reason in a given period. The loss of various kinds of gas due to gas discharges stocktaking is excluded[1].

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The following table shows some important data about the energy use in Xinjiang [1]

Table 6 Elasticity Ration of Energy Production[1]

Year Growth Rate of Energy Production Over Preceding Year (%) Growth Rate of Electricity Production Over Preceding Year (%) Growth Rate of Gross Domestic Production(GDP) Over Preceding Year (%) Elasticity Coefficient Of Energy Production Year (%) Elasticity Ratio of Electricity Production 1980 7.8 3.6 7.2 1.08 0.5 1985 11.6 11.5 16.9 0.69 0.68 1990 5.8 10.8 11.7 0.5 0.92 1995 7.8 13.4 9 0.87 1.49 1996 11.5 12.9 6.4 1.8 2.02 1997 7.9 10.7 11 0.72 0.97 1998 -0.7 4.8 7.3 0.66 1999 3 7.3 7.1 0.42 1.03 2000 3.3 8.1 8.2 0.4 0.99 2001 5.5 8 8.1 0.68 0.99 2002 7.6 7.4 8.1 0.94 0.91 2003 8.1 10.5 10.8 0.75 0.97 2004 6.8 13.3 11.1 0.61 1.2 2005 14.9 16.6 10.9 1.37 1.52

Note: The Gross Production Value is calculated at comparable prices and the same is with the following tables.

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Table 7Elasticity Ration of Energy Consumption [1]

Year Growth Rate of Energy Consumption Over Preceding Year (%) Growth Rate of Electricity Consumption Over Preceding Year (%) Growth Rate Of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Over Preceding Year (%) Elasticity Coefficient Of Energy Consumption Year (%) Elasticity Ratio of Electricity Consumption 1980 4.5 3.6 0.6 0.63 0.5 1985 13.6 11.5 16.9 0.8 0.68 1990 9.3 10.8 11.7 0.79 0.92 1995 4.9 13.4 9 0.54 1.49 1996 11.4 12.9 6.4 1.78 2.02 1997 5.4 10.7 11 0.49 0.97 1998 2.2 4.8 7.3 0.3 0.66 1999 -2 7.3 7.1 1.03 2000 3.1 8.1 8.2 0.38 0.99 2001 5.4 8 8.1 0.67 0.99 2002 3.6 7.4 8.1 0.44 0.91 2003 12.2 10.5 10.8 1.13 0.97 2004 17.7 13.3 11.1 1.59 1.2 2005 15.1 16.6 10.9 1.39 1.52

Here is some explanation about elasticity ratio of energy[1],

Elasticity ratio of energy production is an indicator to show the

relationship between the growth rate of energy production and the growth rate of national economy. The formula is:

The average growth rate of national economy can be shown by the gross national product, gross domestic product and other indicators, depending upon the purposes or needs. The gross domestic product is used in calculation of the ratio.

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Elasticity ratio of energy consumption is an indicator to show the

relationships between the growth rate of energy consumption and the growth rate of national economy. The formula is:

Elasticity ratio of electricity production is an indicator to show the

relationship between the growth rate of electricity production and the growth rate of national economy. Generally speaking, the growth rate of electricity production should be higher than that of national

economy. The formula is:

Elasticity ratio of electricity consumption is an indicator to show

the relationship between the growth rate of electricity consumption and the growth rate of national economy. The formula is:

According to the tables above, we can have some basic ideas of the situation of energy in Xinjiang. From the tables and figure we can find the total energy production is growing year by year.

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3.1.2 Problems (1) The impact of coal’s high consumption

Because coal is a unique advantageous resources of Xinjiang, it is still the main energy consumption, and the industries are still the major groups of coal consumers. Then, the pollution from coal combustion is serious in Xinjiang.

(2) The development of oil and gas is restricted in Xinjiang

The natural gas is limited demand for market in Xinjiang. The reasons include nature, history and society, and Xinjiang’s

economic development is slow, existing facilities can not meet the demand of Sinotrans (China National Heavy Machinery Corp).

3.2 Non‐productive consumption

Non-productive consumption means the energy consumption used by residence, commerce, and other sectors which are not producer. The consumptions of each resource are shown in the following tables[1].

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Table 8 The average annual energy consumption for non-production purposes by variety

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Table 9 Annual average per-capital energy consumption for Non-Production Purpose

Year

Annual Per Capita Consumption for Non-production Purpose (Kg of SCE/person) Coal (Kg) Electricity (KW /h) Kerosene (kg) Liquefied Petroleum Gas (kg) Nature Gas (cu.m) 1980 258 315 13.25 1985 261 310 17.49 0.52 2.2 1990 268 313 27.6 0.38 3.5 1995 301 317 65.6 0.3 5.33 1996 299 318 73.1 0.33 5.67 1997 330 331 81.8 0.29 5.04 1998 353 326 91.45 0.37 5.61 0.03 1999 343 327 94.82 0.42 5.69 0.62 2000 353 320 95.33 0.41 5.9 0.7 2001 375 320 103.93 0.36 6.56 2.45 2002 395 320 100.78 0.05 7.46 1.68 2003 404 323 105.33 8.59 3.1 2004 459 308 123.58 8.66 5.09 2005 487 249 134.8 0.27 6.45 9.55

From the above tables, we can find that compared with other consumptions, the consumptions of coal, electricity, and natural gas are so similar, the coal used in Xinjiang has large proportion in the total non-productive consumptions as in the total energy consumption.

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3.3 Coal in Xinjiang

Xinjiang’s coal reserves are the richest in China, according to the survey, the estimated coal reserves are 1.82 to 2.19 trillion tons[2 in

2006. Xinjiang is one of the important mining area and the coal reserves can reach 40.5% of the forecast of the whole country reserves. The resource distribution is shown in the following figure .

]

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：Coal resource

Figure 2 the coal resource distribution in Xinjiang

3.4 The Petroleum in Xinjiang

Petroleum

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Petroleum is a nonrenewable resource that takes millions of years to

form. Nonrenewable resources will run out, and can not be replaced.

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chemical energy that is stored within this resource. All fossil fuels are nonrenewable resources.

Xinjiang is a province with rich Petroleum resource. 1/3 of China’s Petroleum is here. The main areas of petroleum in Xinjiang are Karama and Zepce (Southwest). Recently, in Tarim and Turpan - Hami Basin have been found many oil fields and Junggar Basin also has been found to have new oil fields. Xinjiang has become a county of oil and natural gas reserve base. The figure below shows the areas with petroleum resources[20].

Figure 3 the petroleum distribution in Xinjiang [20]

Some advantages of Petroleum

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• Petroleum is the most versatile fossil fuel. Yielding a vast

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• Petroleum is relatively easier to be stored and transported

between source and end users. The fact that it is liquid form means it can be pumped through pipelines where possible and containerized where it is not possible.

• Petroleum is cleaner and easier to burn than coal. • Electricity produced from Petroleum is reliable. Some disadvantages of petroleum

• Petroleum is a carbon-based fuel and the primary way it is

used is to burn it, releasing more than its weight in CO2 because of the added oxygen. CO2 is a greenhouse gas and is expected by most scientists to be a cause of global warming[21] • Some petroleum is now being strip mined in the form of tar

sands. This cause the area very hard to restore. [2 1]

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4. Electricity

4.1 Electricity Generation

The total capacity of the power stations in Xinjiang reached 47.74 million kW in 2007. Specifically, Dabancheng Wind Power Station is one of the biggest stations in the China, and also is the biggest wind power station in Asia. Xinjiang is fully using wind power resources, and wind power generation in Xinjiang will become an important alternative energy in the future. The following table shows some power station and electricity generation capacity in Xinjiang .

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Table 10 Some Power Stations in Xinjiang(10,000kW)[1]

Item Capacity year

Dabancheng Wind power station 40 2005 Hami hydroelectric power station 25 2005 Hami Thermal power station 67.8 2005

Figure 4 Dabancheng Wind Power Station[13]

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Figure 5 Hami Hydroelectric Power Station[14]

Figure 6 Hami Thermal Power Station[15]

4.2 Electricity Balance

Electricity is the important energy in our daily life in almost any industry, agriculture, or any other areas. The following table shows the electricity balance in Xinjiang.

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Table 11 Electricity Balance Sheet (100 million kWh) [1]

Item 1985 1990 1995 2000 20005

Total Energy Available for Consumption 38.11 69.79 120.43 182.98 310.14 Output 38.11 69.79 120.43 182.98 310.14 Hydropower 8.64 14.25 22.82 30.54 46.49 Wind Power 0.08 0.34 1.73 2.32 Thermal Power 29.47 55.46 97.27 150.71 261.33 Total Energy Consumption 38.11 69.79 120.37 182.98 310.14

Consumption by Sector Farming, Forestry, Animal

Husbandry, Fishery and Water Conservancy

5.25 9.16 11.5 22.3 28.72

Industry 25.68 48.86 83.53 118.85 221.67

Construction 1.64 1.18 3.2 3.5 1.44

Transportation, Post And Telecommunications Services

0.4 1.48 2.73 4 4.74

Commerce, Catering Services, Materials Supply, Marketing and

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4.3 Electricity Cost

There are different prices of electricity for different users in Xinjiang. The following table shows the different prices

Table 12 the Price of Electricity [7]

Sector Electricity price (Yuan/ kwh) Resident 0.469 Industry 0.348 Agriculture 0.224 Commerce 0.672 Non-industrial 0.457 Non-resident 0.524 1. 0.1Yuan=0.1126 SEK

2. Different parts have different prices, which are determined by the development of China's national conditions and the development of China’s electric bureau.

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5. Renewable Energy

Renewable energy refers to energy resources that occur naturally and can repeat in the environment and have benefits to human beings. Examples of renewable energies include solar energy, wind power, biomass and geothermal energy (getting energy from the heat in the earth).

Renewable energy encompasses many different types of technologies at different stages of development and commercialization, from the burning of wood for heat in the residential sector (traditional and low-technology) to wind-generated electricity (widespread and technically practical) to processes such as biomass gasification for electricity generation (still under development although some plants are operating). Xinjiang is the place with abundant renewable energy. [22 ]

5.1 Solar Energy in Xinjiang

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Xinjiang is characterized by arid climate. The sunshine hours are 2550[8 to 3500 hours in the whole year and sunshine percentage

is 60%[8 to 80% . The radiation in total is 5430 ~ 6670 MJ/㎡ ,

the annual total radiant illumination is 10%-15% higher than same-attitude areas in China and 15%-25% higher than lower-middle reaches of the Yangtze River. Secondly, the days of sunshine are more than six hours, and reach 250~325days[8 _{; the}

total number of days with temperatures higher than 10℃ are almost more than 150[8 days.

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5.1.1 Plan for Solar‐energy Use

Since Xinjiang is rich in sunshine resource the use of solar energy such as, solar water heaters, solar building (use of solar energy to the building heating, air conditioning, hot water, electricity), solar thermal power generation technology, solar energy smelting, solar drying, solar greenhouses are some interesting application area. The

government has made series of plans for solar energy. The following is the situation of solar use in Xinjiang.

(1) The promotion of photovoltaic power systems use. This system mainly uses photovoltaic cells and is used in communications systems and remote counties, villages, and other remote islands without electricity. The use of solar photovoltaic began in the 1970s, and rapidly developed in the 1980s. So far, the installed capacity of solar photovoltaic is rising. In Xinjiang, some large scale and small scale Photovoltaic power stations are being built. [23 ]

(2) Solar heating. Use the local rich solar resource to provide the energy for local people’s life. It can solve the problem of heating in winter and improve the living conditions of local people; moreover, it promotes local economic prosperity and social stability also the ecological environment. In addition, it saves much energy and fuel cost of the nation. [23 ]

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solar biogas fermentation technology is a pollution-free treatment of cattle’s excretion and reduces the density of mosquito and pests and the spread of various diseases and morbidity. Finally, in the area of ecology, it replaces the traditional energy and changes the rural area’s energy structure. It reduces the use of wood fuel and thereby protects forest and prevents water loss, soil erosion and water pollution. [23 ]

5.1.2 Economy

Table 13 Economy Benefit of Solar Energy[9]

Item Solar water heaters

Electricity heaters Fuel heaters

Energy Solar 0.56yuan/degree 80 Yuan/kettle

Investment(Yuan) 4200 2800 1400

Longevity(year) 60 5 8

Use day 365 365 365

The fuel fee of per family, per year

0 945 Yuan 846.8 Yuan The fee of 15 years(Yuan) 4200 945(Yuan)*15(year)+ 2800(Yuan) =16975 Yuan 846.8(Yuan)*15(year)+ 1400(Yuan)=14102 Yuan Environment pollution

nought nought exist

From this table, we can see that solar energy not only saves money, but also saves energy and it is a clear energy and does not pollute the environment.

5.1.3 Problems

There are some problems in the development of solar-energy use in Xinjiang.

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● Few people grasp the photovoltaic technology

● Photovoltaic products’ system and manufacture are hampered, and the creativity is also poor.

● Photovoltaic power generation products have no technical standards.

● There are lot of raw materials, components that depend on imports and mainland, so the cost of production equipment is high.

(2) Some problems of solar heat use.

● The ability of research is weak and there is a lack of professional technology teams.

● Xinjiang has not set up the supervision of product quality and detection system yet.

5.2 Biomass Energy in Xinjiang

Biomass means "natural material." When biomass is burned, it releases heat – just like the wood logs in the campfire. [17]

Biomass energy uses natural materials like trees and plants to make electricity. It can also mean waste products like trash. [17]

Biomass is the second common form of renewable energy in the United States, providing enough electricity to power more than two million homes. [17]

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5.2.1 Plan for biomass Use

Stalk is a green renewable energy. Xinjiang has largest-proportion of cotton production in the whole country of China. Therefore the stalks of cotton are richest there. Stalk is one kind of biomass energy and people use stalk for burning, even for generating electricity. So it is called green electricity.

Figure 7 stalk

Xinjiang has setup a power plant which uses the stalk to burn in 2008. The generated electrical energy will reach 150,000,000[1 kWh.This

project promotes environmental protection and develops Xinjiang’s economy.

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5.2.2 Benefits and problems Benefit

1. Ecological benefit

It has advantages to improve environment and reduce the air pollution.

2. Economical benefit

It has advantages to increase people’s income 3. Social benefit

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Problem 1. High cost

2. Immature technology

5.3 Natural Gas in Xinjiang

Natural Gas is a vital component of the world's energy supply. It is one of the cleanest, safest, and most useful energy in all the energy sources.

There are some advantages of natural gas: ● Environment will be clean

● It is economical and efficient

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‘West-East natural gas transmission’ project

West China is rich in natural gas, but the people in the west of China use the natural gas rarely in their life and the industry there is not developed. On the other hand, in the east of the China there is a shortage of natural gas and the people there have high demand for natural gas and the industries are very developed. Therefore, the government drafts the policy “West-East Natural Gas Transmission Project”. This project not only promotes the economy of Xinjiang, but also makes the best use of national resources.

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6. Municipal Waste

With China’s urban development, the amount of city waste will rapidly increase. Hence, waste has become the focus of the current environmental issues.

6. 1 Treatmen

t

6.1.1 Landfill

The amount of waste is rapidly increasing and there is a lack of place to landfill, but landfill is the main way of waste treatment in Xinjiang. The garbage emission in Xinjiang is about 1700 tons[1 everyday, but

the capacity of landfill is just about 400 tons[1 .

0] 0]

6.1.2 Incineration

Beside landfill, incineration is another way of waste treatment. According to information available, in 2002 Xinjiang had waster of about 3200 tons per day but the capacity of incineration wastes was just about 600 tons per day .

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On the other hand, China has a plan to use the waste incineration for generation electricity in the future. This project, not only saves the land resource and reduces the environment pollution, but also uses the resource rational and change the traditional way of waste treatment.

6.2 Problems

(1) There is low effect of landfill treatment and secondary pollution is evident. At first, the process of landfill could make many kinds of harmful gases, and pollute the air and people’s health. Secondly, it seriously pollutes the surrounding environment and underground water sources. Finally, it occupies great amount land resource.

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(3) Many garbage plants still have some safety problems. For instance, some discarded chemicals or inflammable liquids will cause explosion

6.3 Suggestions

(1) Reinforce supervision to manage the garbage plants.

(2) Reinforce the technical expert’s training to improve the business management level and ensure the healthy development of efficient safety; moreover, to ensure that municipal waste really achieve safe disposal standards.

(3)Introduce advanced technologies and methods from other developed countries, to reduce the environment pollution and improve the municipal waste treatment system.

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7. Conclusion and discussion

From the analysis above, we can see that Xinjiang is a province with rich resources and great potential for development. At present, coal, natural gas, oil, solar and wind power are important recourses, and they play a positive role for Xinjiang’s economy and society development.

Firstly, coal is an important energy resource in Xinjiang. And as an important energy, the development of coal in Xinjiang also influences Xinjiang’s economy development.

Secondly, Wind power is also developed. In Xinjiang the wind power is abundant, and wind energy is a renewable energy. Dabancheng wind power station is one of the biggest wind powers in China. Accordingly, it brings high economy benefits to China.

Finally, According to the tables, we can find that energy consumption in industry is the biggest part which is more than the total consumption of the other sectors in Xinjiang. It means that industry take such important role in the economy. Since the energy use in Xinjiang develops at a high speed, problems related with energy use and energy efficiency and many other questions needs to be resolved. So here are some suggestions to resolve the problems in the development of energy use in Xinjiang

(1) Strengthening the environment protection

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pollution, and the green house effect. Using the cleaning energy, limiting the amount of emission, recycling materials which can be recycled are some good choices to protect the environment. (2) Using the new technologies

Xinjiang still uses the traditional technologies in some process of energy production. The technologies cause a big amount of waste of energy. Hence, new technologies should be used to save energy and to promote the efficiency of energy utilization. (3) Developing more source of energy

There different types of energy resources in Xinjiang, for example, wind power, natural gas, oil, solar energy. But Xinjiang also need to develop other energy sources, such as, bio-fuel, geothermal and nuclear energy.

(4) Strengthening the cooperation and communication with other provinces and other developed countries. Some developed countries have many developed methods and advanced technologies.

(5) Reduce the total consumption of energy

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Reference

[1] Provincial Statistical Bureau, Xinjiang 2007 Statistical Year book, China Statistics Press, Beijing, 2007

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Mapping the Energy Use in Xinjiang Province of China

DEPARTMENT OF TECHNOLOGY AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT