Proceedings of the 2020 Society of Wood Science and Technology International Convention
“Renewable Resources for a Sustainable and Healthy Future”
Edited by Susan LeVan-Green
Overall General Chair: Andreja Kutnar,
InnoRenew CoE and University of Primorska, Slovenia
July 12-15, 2020
2020 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION, VIRTUAL CONFERENCE – (FORMERLY HOTEL
BERNARDIN), PORTOROŽ, SLOVENIA
Proceedings of the 2020 Society of Wood Science and Technology International Convention
356 Wood Physics and Mechanics
Chairs:
Ales Straze, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Mike Wolcott, Washington State University, USA
X-ray computed tomography studies of moisture-content distribution in spruce boards exposed to liquid water
José Couceiro
jose.couceiro@ltu.se
Dick Sandberg
dick.sandberg@ltu.se
Margot Sehlstedt-Persson
margot.sehlstedt-persson@ltu.se
Luleå University of Technology, Sweden
Abstract
The use of cross-laminated timber (CLT) as a construction material for high-rise timber buildings has increased in the recent years especially in Europe and North America; a trend that is expected to continue. The CLT-elements will often be finished with an impermeable layer, whether it is walls, floors and, especially, roof. In Sweden, often no weather protection is used during the construction of the building, allowing the wood to be exposed to liquid water and relaying on later atmospheric conditions to dry the timber prior to finishing. The Swedish building regulations require a maximum surface moisture content (MC) of 18% before assembly of the elements and a maximum surface MC of 16%
before the wood is covered. This could drive to high levels of MC within the CLT while the surface is already dry, which is a highly possible scenario in the case of high buildings where sun and wind create good conditions for a fast surface drying. At the same time, the regulation requires control of MC to be made with an electrical pin-type MC-meter, which is problematic because its reliability lays in part on the device reaching a certain penetration into the wood. The measurement of surface MC could thus be erroneous and the risk for mould development would be high even if the regulations are strictly followed. If a CLT with a too high moisture level are covered with an impermeable surface layer, the moisture is trapped within the CLT and may cause microbiological degradation that could be problematic to correct later on. An update in the regulation requirements is recommended, but such update must be based on a proper understanding of how moisture can be distributed in CLT and other wood-based building material during outdoor construction.
This project aims to establish a method to study (1) the effect of liquid-water-exposure time on the MC distribution of Spruce timber boards, but that could potentially be used in other wood-based building materials as well, and (2) the drying process under emulated outdoor conditions. The focus is set on those elements that are laid horizontally or with a very low inclination, such as floors and roofs.
Sections of methacrylate are glued to the internal side of 43 x 200 mm planed spruce timber, allowing the wood to be exposed to standing water under a period of several days. CT images of different cross sections are taken periodically so that the evolution of MC profile can be monitored. The hypothesis is that the suction of liquid water will not be large and that it can dry quickly once the exposure to liquid
Proceedings of the 2020 Society of Wood Science and Technology International Convention
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water ends, but also that a MC gradient will develop beneath the surface which, under drying, may create regions of high MC that may be unnoticed by measuring with pin-type MC-meters.
