SIS-CEN/TS 17458:2020

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Språk: engelska/English Utgåva: 1

Teknisk specifikation

SIS-CEN/TS 17458:2020

Utomhusluft – Metodik för prestandabedömning av

receptororienterad källfördelningsmodellering för partiklar Ambient air – Methodology to assess the performance of

receptor oriented source apportionment modelling applications for particulate matter

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Fastställd: 2020-12-30 ICS: 13.040.01

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Denna tekniska specifikation är inte en svensk standard. Detta dokument innehåller den engelska språkversionen av CEN/TS 17458:2020, utgåva 1.

This Technical Specification is not a Swedish Standard. This document contains the English language version of CEN/TS 17458:2020, edition 1.

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LÄSANVISNINGAR FÖR STANDARDER

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READING INSTRUCTIONS FOR STANDARDS

These instructions cover the main principles for the use of provisions and external constraints in standardization delivera- bles.

Requirement

A requirement is an expression, in the content of a document, that conveys objectively verifiable criteria to be fulfilled, and from which no deviation is permitted if conformance with the document is to be claimed. Requirements are expressed by the auxiliary shall (or shall not for prohibition).

Recommendation

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Instruction

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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION

CEN/TS 17458

December 2020

ICS 13.040.01

English Version

Ambient air - Methodology to assess the performance of receptor oriented source apportionment modelling

applications for particulate matter

Air ambiant - Méthode d'évaluation de la performance d'applications d'un système de modélisation de la contribution des sources de particules en suspension

de type " récepteur-orienté "

Außenluft - Methodik zur Erfassung der Leistungsfähigkeit von Systemanwendungen zur

Quellenzuordnung

This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 24 February 2020 for provisional application.

The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.

CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS) until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION C O M I T É E UR O P É E N DE N O R M A L I SA T I O N E UR O P Ä I SC H E S KO M I T E E F ÜR N O R M UN G

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels

worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TS 17458:2020 E

SIS-CEN/TS 17458:2020 (E)

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European foreword

This document (CEN/TS 17458:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air quality”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.

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1 Scope

The European Directive on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe (2008/50/EC; AQD) identifies different uses for modelling: Assessment, planning, forecast and source apportionment (SA). This document addresses source apportionment modelling and specifies performance tests to check whether given criteria for receptor oriented source apportionment models (RM) are met. The scope of the tests set out in this document is the performance assessment of SA of particulate matter using RM in the context of the European Directives 2004/107/EC and AQD, including the Commission Implementing Decision 2011/850/EU of 12 December 2011. The application of RM does not quantify the spatial origin of particulate matter; hence, this document does not test spatial SA.

This document addresses RM users: practitioners of individual source apportionment studies as well as participants and organizers of source apportionment intercomparison studies. This document is suitable for the evaluation of results of a specific SA modelling system with respect to reference values (a priori known or calculated on the basis of intercomparison participants' values) in the following application areas:

— Assessment of performance and uncertainties of a modelling system or modelling system set up using the indicators laid down in this document.

— Testing and comparing different source apportionment outputs in a specific situation (applying an evaluation data set) using the indicators laid down in this document.

— QA/QC tests every time practitioners run a modelling system.

It should be noted for clarity that the procedures and calculations presented in this document cannot be used to check the performance of a specific SA modelling result without having any a priori reference information about the contributions of sources/source categories.

NOTE The application of this document implies that the intercomparison is organized and coordinated by an institution with the necessary technical capabilities and independence; the definition of which is beyond the scope of this document.

The principles of RM are summarized in Annex A. An overview of uncertainty sources and recommendations about steps to follow in SA studies are provided in Annex B and Annex C. For further information about SA methodologies, refer to e.g. [1; 2; 3].

There are methodologies different from RM which are widely used to accomplish SA, e.g. source oriented models. These other methodologies cover aspects of SA which are required in the AQD and are not addressed by RM (e.g. allocation of pollutants to geographic emission areas). Performance assessment of such methodologies is out of the scope of this document.

2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 13528:2015, Statistical methods for use in proficiency testing by interlaboratory comparison SIS-CEN/TS 17458:2020 (E)

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3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp

— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/

3.1 candidate modelling system

modelling system or modelling system set up that is being tested in the intercomparison or being applied in isolation

3.2 candidate source

every source or source category present in the result of a SA candidate modelling system which is tested with the methodology described in this document

3.3 coordinator

organisation with responsibility for coordinating all activities involved in the operation of an intercomparison exercise

3.4 contribution-to-species

mass of each single chemical element or compound forming part of a (composite) pollutant apportioned to a source or source category, expressed as a percentage

Note 1 to entry: Depending on the type of SA modelling applications, this concept could be referred to as:

“contribution by species” in CMB 8.2, “explained variation” in PMF 2, “percentage of species total matrix” in EPA PMF v3, and “factor fingerprint” in EPA-PMF v5.

3.5 input uncertainty

statistical dispersion of the values that can be reasonably attributed to every single species ambient concentration in the input matrix of receptor oriented models

3.6 derived source profile

relative chemical composition of the source or source category, resulting from a SA model run, expressed as parts per unit mass of every chemical species with respect to the total source or source category mass 3.7 factor

underlying latent variable identified by a multivariate analysis SA model (e.g. factor analysis or singular value decomposition) associated with an air pollution source or source category

3.8 maximum accepted distance

maximum Euclidean distance, on a Cartesian plane, between the point representing the values (concentration ratios) of a chemical species in two source profiles, one on the abscissa and the other on the ordinate, and the identity line, which is considered acceptable to indicate the similarity of the two values

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3.9 output uncertainty

uncertainty attributed to the average source contribution estimate (SCE), expressed in the same units, for a given time window of a source or source category in a source apportionment application result 3.10

receptor oriented models

models that, using as input the measured concentrations of pollutants at a given site (receptor) in a defined time window, provide source contribution estimates (SCEs) by applying multivariate analysis 3.11

reference source profile

source profile used as reference for the similarity tests of derived source profiles. In general, the reference source profiles are chemical profiles obtained from samples collected specifically to characterise the source or source category and which are available in the literature or in public repositories (e.g.

SPECIATE, SPECIEUROPE) 3.12

reference value

a priori known or calculated source contribution estimate (SCE) attributed to a source or source category, represented by an evaluation dataset

3.13 results

output obtained by running a candidate modelling system using an evaluation dataset. The source apportionment results consist of e.g.: source contribution estimates (SCEs) including their output uncertainty, derived source profiles, source contribution time series and contribution-to-species

3.14

source apportionment

SA practice of deriving quantitative information about the contribution of sources and/or source categories to the concentration of pollutants at a given point or area in a defined time window

3.15

source category

group of air pollution sources of the same type that are characterised by similar chemical composition and/or temporal profile

3.16

source contribution estimate

SCE amount of the pollutant expressed as mass concentration (e.g. µg m⁻³), attributed to a specific source or source category in SA model application results

3.17

source of air pollution

any human activity or natural process that causes pollutants to be released into the atmosphere or to be produced in the atmosphere

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source profile

relative chemical composition of a (composite) pollutant emitted from an air pollution source expressed as the ratio of the mass of every single chemical species to the total mass of the pollutant

3.19

source oriented models

models that, starting from emission inventories, meteorological fields and boundary conditions, simulate the physical and/or chemical atmospheric processes affecting the emitted pollutants

3.20 species

single chemical elements or compounds that compose the studied pollutant when it is a family of compounds or an aggregate (composite)

3.21 pollutant

collective term meaning the total mass of the substance for which source contribution estimates (SCEs) are determined using source apportionment methods

Note 1 to entry: It could either be a single chemical compound (e.g. Hg), a family of similar chemical compounds (e.g. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) or composite: an aggregation of different chemical compounds (e.g.

particulate matter).

4 Symbols and abbreviations

fr tests found-reference tests ff tests found-found tests

Mt sum of the SCEs of all the candidate sources k in time step t of a given result M sum of the time averaged SCEs of all the candidate sources k of a given result Ot observed mass concentration of the pollutant in time step t

O time averaged observed mass concentration of the pollutant Pearson Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (rxy) RM receptor oriented source apportionment model RMSEu uncertainty normalized root mean square error

RMSE_σo root mean square error weighted by the standard deviation of the observations rxy Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (Pearson)

SA source apportionment

SCE source contribution estimate (mass concentration) SID standardized identity distance

WD weighted distance

xkt SCE of candidate source k in time step t xk average SCE of candidate source k

Xkt reference value for the SCE of source k in time step t

SIS-CEN/TS 17458:2020 (E)

SIS-CEN/TS 17458:2020

Teknisk specifikation