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URBAN REGENERATION

THROUGH CREATIVE PUBLIC SPACE

Master Thesis | Jiamin Zheng | Supervisors: Patrick Verhoeven, Maria Gregorio | KTH 2015

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

The problem field of the thesis concerns Shenzhen as a particular case. As a result of the Master Plan developed by the govern- ment, the city is divided into various regions that operate like isolated islandsthe core areas of development pointed out by the mas- ter plan are well connected to each other through infrastructure on a larger scale, but locally disconnected, both spatially and social- ly.

The theis investigates the possibility to redesign public spaces as well as misused or abandoned places for creative development.

The aim is to develop strategies to create an open and shared network of public space, and implement local scale interventions to improve social interaction that encourages creativity, innovation and collaboration.

Shenzhen 1980 Land Area 1980: 3 km

2

Land Area 2010: 810 km

2

Shenzhen 2010

Within the context of Shenzhen, there are mainly four different types of housing: urban villages, work-unit housing, commodity hous- ing and villas. Acertain structure is missing in the urban context. Each of these housing types is occupied by different social groups sharing different environmental, social and economic opportunities. Although some of the migrants manage to become middle class and enjoy the commodities of their new city lives, there is still a group pf migrants stuck at the bottom of society as lower working class. They are vulnerable and thus form a socially segregated group within the urban system, which will lead to a wide range of social problems (Liu, Li and Breitung, 2012). Despite social segregation, there is also the problem of spatial segregation. Migrant groups tend to live together within urban villages with low rent housing. These urban villages often function as a network within itself, disconnected from the larger city scale (Madrazo and Kempen, 2012). People living in these specific areas do not share the same environmental, economic and social opportunities as other citizens, and have limited access to public life in the city.

Foshan

Jiangmen Zhongshan

Guangzhou

Dongguan

Huizhou

Shenzhen

SEZ expansion 2010

Shenzhen SEZ 1979

Hong Kong SAR 1979

Shenzhen is located on the south east coast of mainland China, immediately north of Hong Kong, and is part of the Pearl River Delta region. Prior to 1979, Shenzhen was a small fishing village. Now it has transformed to a modern city since the establishment of the Special Economic Zone. This has also led to economic and population growth in Shen- zhen with its population developing rapidly from around three million in 1979 to roughly ten million in 2010.

PROBLEM STATEMENT

Looking at the Shenzhen Master Plan 2010-2020 developed by Shenzhen government, Shenzhen will form three development axes (West, Middle, East), two development belt (North, South), and multiple development centres based on the city’s natual and ecolog- ical conditions. The city is divided into various regions that operate like isolated islands as a result of the Master Plan. The core areas of development are well connected to each other through infrastruc- ture on a larger scale, but locally disconnected, both spatially and socially. Also, pedestrians surrender a lot of public space to cars due to infrastructures. Therefore, the city lacks a pedestrian system and a network of public space, which is currently not sustainable.

COMMODITY HOUSING

This typology encloses large open spaces, but The space is not actively used.

URBAN VILLAGE

With no grid, buildings are built randomly next to wach other. Small public spaces turn into intimate places.

VILLA

There are some private spaces, but this kind of typology lacks a social interaction.

WORK-UNIT HOUSING

with a small amount of public space, and no private space.

DISTINCT URBAN FABRIC

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SITE INTRODUCTION

ROAD NETWOK

The site is very well connected to the major road networks of the region.

METRO ROUTES

There is currently one metro route passing on the east side of the site, and a sec- ond planned to pass through the site. From the metro it is convenient to get to Luo- hu station, which connects with the Hong Kong metro.

RAILWAYS

The site is well connected to the regional rail networks.

D. Goddess temple

G. The ancient tree

H. Renmin park

I. Honghu park

E. Hezhengong temple

F. Ruins of the decorated general

A. Tanglang mountain

B. Honggang park

C. Wutong mountain

B

B A

C

D F

I

H G E

The 540 hectare Sungang-Qingshuihe district, in the passage of the over saturated urban transportation system, which has been fragmented by mountains, highways, Buji River, railways and other elements. Sungang-Qingshuihe area has become a relatively independent area. Although only 30 years old, has now reached the end of its function- al life as a logistics hub. It has been earmarked for redevelopment by the Shenzhen (municipal) and Luohu (district) governments. The plans aim to turn the site into a com- mercial centre, urban leisure area and creative hub, with housing for 20,000 people (Sasin 2012).

Sungang - Qingshuihe district contains a wealth of cultural and natural resources, which has the potential to become unique charming symbol of the area in the future, although it has not been developed.

It bears the historic mark of Shenzhen’s transformation from a village to the metropolis,

from processing trade industry to modern urban industry. The warehouses in the area,

Shenzhen North Station and the railway have become the city’s historic and cultural

symbols. The ruins of the decorated general, the Goddess Temple and Hezhengong

Temple are also the most valuable historical resources of this young city.

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FUNCTION ANALYSIS INFRASTTRUCTURE PEDESTRIAN ACCESS LANDSCAPE ANALYSIS NEGATIVE SPACE

Vacant space

Car dominant

Infrastructure boundr y

System lacking Sidewalk

lacking

Unaccesible greenspace

Negative parking space Lacking street furnitures

Fragmented greenspace Low quality

commercial

Mono-functiona l

Sungang – Qingshuihe is showing an overall chaotic and disordered state.

The area now has a low construction level, which are formed mainly by facto- ries, warehouses, ancillary accommodation and old villages constructed in the eighties and nineties. In general, the area has disordered functions, mixed with high-and low-end buildings, without a system of internal road network. The overall quality of urban space of the area is low; the urban image is chaotic;

the public space is insufficient; the features and attractiveness are absent.

PROBLEM DIAGNOSIS

Commercial Residential

Main road Pedestrian access Green field

Alley Warehousing

Secondary road Commercial Commercial

Leftover Hills

Industry Negative space

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GOALS

Social interaction can be stimulated on the local scale when creating a connected network of space and implement- ing local scale interventions. Also, the district can be regenerated by enhancing the pedestrian access physically through the introduction of new programs, temporary cultural activities and events, which serve as activators. A complex urban functional area to enhance interpersonal exchange.

STRATEGIES

In order to reach the goals, some problems in Sungang-qingshuihe district need to be solved. In mobility aspect, its rather car-dominant, and transportation is not clear. People need dense and connected street providing a choice of routes and variety of uses. Also, public space are not easily accessible and not relating to residential demands. Locals demand for im- proved public space, improved public service, and other attractions, which will also increase chances of emplyment. This requires a mixed function area, instead of a mono-function one.

Diverse space creates the opportunity for ifferent scales of commercial activity through markets, commercial streets and well connected spaces.

MOBILITY CONNECTED NETWORK

PEDESTRIAN FRIENDLY

DIVERSITY

URBAN REGENERATION

QUALITIES

Different scales of streets Pedestrian connection

Easily accessible public space Permeable blocks

Public space connected to flows Network of spaces

Diversity in types of space Local scale qualities Flexibility in space

Mixed use Improved access to public services

Different scales of attractions

PUBLIC SPACE

FUNCTION

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PLANNING FRAMEWORK

ROAD CONNECTION Main connection

COMPOSITE AXIS

PROGRAM

WATER STRATEGY GREEN STRATEGY

OPEN SPACE

ACTIVATORS Activators LOCAL STREET

Transport node

Proposed axis

Proposed programme Local street Proposed open

spce network

Proposed water Proposed green

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OPEN SPACE STRATEGY

HIERARCHY OF PUBLIC SPACE

STRATEGIC PLAN 1:10000

PERSPECTIVE OF PEDESTRIAN STREET

Urban park

Singing

Informal market

Sport

Dog walking

Chatting

Drawing

Studying

Skating

Sitting

Children playing

Biking

Urban farming

Outdoor cinema

Dancing Green corridor

Sidewalk

Neighbourhood park

Neighbourhood square

Pedestrian street

Pocket park

Local square

Local street

Community square in urban village

Open space is to be shared among people, to encourage interaction and unexpected encounters. A hierarchy of diverse and sustainable open spaces,

including streets, squares and parks, can make strong connections to adjacent communities. Various spaces encourage various types of activities, trigger

new life and opportunities.

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BUILDING RENEWAL

NEW PROGRAMS

To be transformed

New constructions

PROPOSED NETWORK OF OPEN SPACE

SITE DESIGN

Cultural centre

Children centre

Local square

Community square

Community centre

Neighborhood square

Food market Theatre

Local square Activity centre

Transformed loft space

Temporary activity space

Shopping street

Sports centre

Food market

Outdoor stage

Cultural experience Cultural axis(exhibition, art workshop)

Green axis(cafe, teahouse, sports) Event square

Museum

Commercial hub

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INTERVENTION TOOLS

INTRODUCING NEW PROGRAMS

Current situation: buildings of bad quality

Tools: new constrction of buildings, widen of sidewalk, landscaping

OPEN GROUND FLOOR

Current situation: Need good quality space

Tools: ground floor transform, function transorm, widen of sidewalk, landscaping

SIDEWALK EXTENSION

Current situation: road becomes barrier for connection Tools: widen of sidewalk, landscaping, facilities adding

DEALING WITH WALL BOUNDRY

Current situation: wall becomes physical boundry Tools: landscaping, facilities adding, sitting space

SOCIAL PLACE MAKING

Current situation: social space lacking

Tools: demolish, new activator, parking space transform, landscaping

COMMUNITY SPACE IN URBAN VILLAGE

Current situation: limited space in urban village

Tools: demolish, new activator, widen of sidewalk, landscaping, facilities adding

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AXONOMETRIC VIEW

References

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