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Recently it has been included in the WHOs neglected disease initiative

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Characterization   of   putative   diagnostic  ’”‘–‡‹•ˆ”‘ Giardia  intestinalis  and   Spironucleus  salmonicida  

Adeel-­‐ur-­‐Rehman  

 

Spironucleus  salmonicida  and  Giardia  intestinalis  are  parasitic,  protozoan  pathogens,  belonging  to  the   order  diplomonodida.  S.  salmonicida  causes  systemic  spironucleosis  in  fishes  and  G.  intestinalis  causes   giardiasis  in  humans.  G.  intestinalis  is  the  main  contributor  of  diarrheal  diseases  with  approximately  250   million  symptomatic  human  infections  every  year.  Recently  it  has  been  included  in  the  WHOs  neglected   disease  initiative.    

Giardia   has   a   simple   life   cycle   with   infectious   cysts,   formed   in   the   differentiation-­‐process   encystation   and  disease-­‐causing  trophozoites.    Only  the  trophozoites  stage  has  been  identified  so  far  in  Spironucleus.  

The   Giardia   genome   has   several   genes   which   are   crucial   for   the   encystation   (cyst   wall   formation)   process.   When   these   encystation-­‐associated   genes   are   searched   for   in   the   S.   salmonicida   genome   database  then  several  similar  genes  were  found.    These  also  comprise  all  known  cyst  wall  proteins  in   Giardia.   This   suggests   that   Giardia   and   Spironucleus   may   have   the   same   life   cycle   pattern   and   that   Spironucleus  can  form  cysts.  This  comparative  analysis  of  encystation  genes  will  not  only  be  valuable  for   investigating  evolution  of  encystation  in  diplomonads,  but  will  also  be  applied  for  the  search  of  life  cycle   stages   and   new   therapies   for   these   parasites.   The   antibody   against   S.   salmonicida’s   cyst   wall   protein   might  also  be  very  useful  in  diagnostics  of  infected  fish.  

Moreover,  previous  comparative  genomics  analysis  among  three  Giardia  isolates  identified  74  isolate-­‐

specific   genes.   Out   of   which   two   genes   were   selected   on   the   basis   of   bioinformatics   analysis   for   characterization  studies.  These  isolate-­‐specific  proteins  were  over-­‐expressed  and  antibodies  generated   for  localization.  Characterization  of  these  protein  products  showed  distinctive  results.  Therefore,  those   isolate-­‐specific  antibodies  could  be  used  as  an  economical,  newer  and  faster  diagnostic  tool  for  isolate-­‐

specific  Giardial  infection  in  humans  and  mammals.  

       

Degree  project  in  Biology,  Master  of  Science  (2years),  2012   Examensarbete  I  biologi  30  hp  till  masterexamen,2012  

Biology  Education  Centre  and  Department  of  Cell  and  molecular  Biology,  Uppsala  University   Supervisor:  Staffan  G  Svärd  

External  opponent:  Mattias  Andersson    

References

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