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ödsmål, Kville so, Bohuslän Hällristning
Fiskare från bronsåldern
Rock carving Bronze age
fishermen
MEDDELANDE från
HAVSFISKELABORATORIET - LYSEKIL
Hydrografiska avdelningen, Göteborg.
Observations along the Swedish coast and in the Deep Basins in the Baltic, 1973 Hydrography of the Kattegatt and the
Skagerrak Area, Swedish Observations, 1973.
(Contribution to ICES "Annales Biologiques") by Stig Fonselius and Artur Svansson
V B.ehruari. .1 925.
Hydrography of.Baltic, Swedish Observations in 1975«
Regular hydrographical measurements have been started by help of Swedish coast guard patrol boats along the Swedish coasts. Some of the inter
national stations are also visited monthly, These measurements replace the earlier measurements carried out on the light ships.
One of these patrol boats has monthly visited the Arkona Deep in the Arkona basin, if weather conditions have permitted. The same station has also been visited by Swedish research ships. Therefore it has been possible to get a rather continuous series of measurements during the last years. Fig. 1 shows the salinity variations in the Arkona basin during 1973 measured by Swedish ships. Unfortunately the weather conditions in November and December were extremely bad when ships were available and no measurements could be carried out. From the figure it can be seen that there has obviously occured a
rather strong inflow of new water during Febrüary-March 1973. Fig. 2 shows the oxygen conditions during the same period. Also here the inflow may be recognized through high oxygen values in the bottom water.
In order to 3tudy the inflow closer, longitudinal sections for dissolved oxygen from the Arkona basin to the Gotland Deep have been constructed for three Swedish expeditions during the same period. The first section (Fig.3) shows the oxygen conditions in January 1973. An inflow began in November 1972 (Fonselius 1974) and it seems now £p penetrate through the Stolpe Channel into the Central basin. The next section (Fig. 4) is from May. The inflow has now ceased. The oxygen values in the deep water of the Bornholm basin are decreasing and a limited water mass with oxygen values above 2 ml/1 is entering the border of the Gotland Deep.
Fig. 5 is from September and shows that this water mass did not penetrate down into the bottom water of the Gotland Deep. Hydrogen sulfide was found in the deepest part of the basin. In the Bornholm basin the oxygen values continued to decrease and at the station BY 8 the deep values were below 2 ml/1.
Table 1 shows results of the hydrographical measurements on the internatio
nal main deep stations in the Baltic pro^^r measured by Swedish research ships.
The figures 6-8 show maps of the oxygen deficient deep areas and. the distribution of hydrogen sulfide in the Baltic proper during 19T5* It, has to be stressed that the deep basins and sills are not marked on the maps and that they only give a general picture of the conditions*
Sven G. Engström and Stig H. Ponselius
References
Ponselius S.H., 1974: Observations along the Swedish coast and in the deep basins in the Baltic, 1972»
Ann.Biol. Yol. XXIX 1972 (1974).
Text to the figures:
Pig. 1 The salinity distribution in the Arkona basin during 1973t Fig. 2 The oxygen distribution in the Arkona basin during 1973t
Pig. 3 The oxygen distribution in the deep water of the southern Baltic in January 1973.
Pig. 4 The oxygen distribution in the deep water of the southern Baltic in May 1973.
Pig. 5 The oxygen distribution in the deep water of the southern Baltic in September 1973.
Pig. 6 The oxygen deficit areas and the hydrogen sulfide distribution in the Baltic deep water in January 1973»
Pig. 7 The oxygen deficit areas and the hydrogen sulfide distribution in the Baltic deep water in May 1973,
Pig, 8 The oxygen deficit areas and the hydrogen sulfide distribution in the Baltic deep water in September 1973.
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Hydrography of the Kattegat and the Skagerrak Area 1973.
In Figures 1 and 2 results of daily measurements at Borno station ( 58° 22.85 N, 11° 35.05 'E ) in, the G-ullmar fiord are presented as
deviations in temperature and salinity from the mean values 1931 - I960 (cf Svansson 1974 regarding long-term means of salinity). The mean annual deviations at 5 m depth were 0.0 % S and +0.6 °G.
Total phosphorus was measured once a month at 10 depths, 0 - 90 m, at a position 57° 17.0'N , 11° 02.0'E. Mean values of measurements at 0, 10 and 20 m were 0.9, 0.7, 0.7, 0.7, 0.6, 0.5, 0.5, 1.1 (l), —, 0.6, 0.6 and 0.7 pgat/l respectively.
Table 1 presents the oxygen saturation values at a station in the northern Kattegat. The minimum (at 50 m depth) occured in September, which is quite normal.
Table 2 shows that only very small changes occurred in the Skagerrak Deep.
For positions see Fig. 3.
Artur Svansson
Reference:
Svansson, A., 1974: Decade Mean Values of Salinities Measured on Swedish lightships 1880 - 1970. Meddelande från Havsfiskelaboratoriet, Ho 162.
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