On the Robustness of Algorithms for Clustering of Gene Expression Data
Full text
(2) !"#$ &%'()* +, .-& /1032 4658797 :;<>=)?A@A=BC=DFEFGHDF?$?$;<I=<>JIKMLO;N PQ<SRTDF?$?$;U< VXW+Y[Z]\_r*^a`4bkW(pqs]bcW(^e\ad]tmpuf ^wvxg>dhd$`ifnlYkyHjldhz ^mslW(\{lW]nl| opqW+bOoW W(>Xc}~dhmh $ ]h`k|kZ$] pqcFOl]MlQ$]H lkO|Q|k[nQ QZ$y¢d]z sl¡¤£{lXcWhc¥U|[¡¦nQ¥]~§hW(m{l $W(hb)| hh]h][| ¨ ©ª+«(¬[®$« ¯)¿¦»½°±4´!Dz¹+³FÁ´!¶Hµ!´¦³ÈQ±_¶µ!¶¸±w¹·º±¹¼±Ê»½É²·º¾w³±w³F´¶F¶F¿¦·º³F´!³F¹½¿_ÀÆ¿aÁFÁ¤±w¿¢¾¤°¿¦¹Â³F±´!ú¾w´!ǵ¦³FÀij±_·º¹¶9Áà ±wÀeÅ(Ë$·ºÆ±w±w·º¹¹Áµ ²¿¦³F¹´+ÆÄÆÇ°+¾wDZwµ!Æc± Ì Í¾w±w³¾wÁF´!¿¦»½·º¹²ÁÏÀ¸Ãº·º¾_·º¿a¹9ÁF·º»½¹Âµe·º¾w³»*´¿a¿¦Á³FÁ³¤±w¿w³À*·º±Ê¶)ÉÂÁ²$°±w¿a³FÁ·º»½Á°±w±w¹³FÁF±¢¶_Ð$¿¦¿¦³¶±ÑHÅ!¿¦±_³FúÃQ·º´!¿¦Ç¶¶·º¹¶´!ÁFÇ°³F±¢¾w±w¿¦¶¹´¦¿¦È[à À(ǶF¹(·º¶Î ´¦·º¹È)Á±_±ÊÉ(³±w²¶³FÁ±w¶·º¹X¶F·º´!Á¹4°±ÆÅ!¿a¿¦Á¤Ãº¿Â·ºÆÌ¿a¯)ÁF·º°´!¹X·º¶´¦²Èk³´!»½Ë±wúÁ±w°»´+Æ°¶)¿¦Èq¶¢´!³)µ!±w¿¦¹¹±w¿¦³¤Ã ¿aÀ(Á¶F±w·ºÆ¶´¦¿¦Èk¹±ÊÉ·º¹Â²Â¾_³F³±w±_¶F¿¦¶¶F·º´!±wƹ ÈÔƾwÇ´!¿aùÁ¤ÈԿ¾w´!±w̳O³FÒH¹ÂÁ°¶9úDZUÁF¶°Â¶ÁFÁF±w±Ç³F·ºÆ³¹ÂÀe´!µ½Ë´¦Ç¿¦Ècú¶µ!¾_Á´!´+¹³F±Ê±w·É¶FÁ¶X²Â°³F»½´¦±wÈ~¶F¶)¶²°±_Æ*¿¦¿_³Åµ!Á±¢·±wÁF¹Ë$·º´!±w±w¹¶m±_йX¿¦¿¦ÃÈq¹´!¾wÆeúÇǹÂÁ¶°Æ¸ÁF·º±w¶Õ²³·º²¿¦¹³¿¦µÁ²]·º¾w±w¿¦Ç³Húµ!ÃÓÁ¿¦´!°³F³F±wà · À³FÁ±Ê°ÇÈÔ»½´!¶³F±Ê¶m±Î Ì ¯)¶·ºµ!°¹4±w¶±e±_¿¦¿¦¾¤Ãº°iµ!´!µ!³F±w· Á¹°±½»½Á¶´¸Ç±ʶFɱ>¿¦¾Ê¿Áà ²Ài³±w´!ƹ±Ê±½Ö¹¾wú±wÇƶÁF¹+±wdz_Ì9»>Ë]¯)±w°³±½´¦±ÊÈÕ×]¾w±wú¾wÇÁ~¶Á´¦±wÈ)³F¶³F±w¿¦²$¹±_Æ¿aÁF¿¦±w¶Æ Î ¾w·º¶¢ÃºÇ·º¶¹ÁFűw±_³¶·º¹ÁF·ºµ µ¿aÇÁ¶F±w·ºÆ4¹µ ÈÔ´!·ºÆ³ ±wÁ¹°ÁF±*·º¾_¿¦¶F±wÃ]à ¿¦ÈuÎÏú´!µ!³F´!µ³F·¿¦Á¹Â°·º»AØ_·º¹Â²µ9¿¦³¤»*¿¦»½¿¦²±ÊÁFÙϱwÚ³Û¶H¿¦ÜÞ¹Ýƽ¿¦·º¹¹²ÂÆÇÂÁFÁH°Æ±¿aÁFß(¿ Î »½¿¦Ãº¶±_´X¿¦¹¶¶¢ÁFÇ¿¦Æúµ!·º±w´!Æc³Ì· ÁF°Í »¸³FÌ~±w²¯)³´(°Æ±eǶF¾wÇ·ºË¶F¾w·ºÃº±w· ²ÂÁÏÀ¸ÁF·ºË»½·ºÃº±_· ÁÏ¿¦À¶FÇÂÁ³F´9±¢»½·º¶U±_²¿¦³¶´!Dz]³F±w´!»½¶±w±wÆ4¹+Á ¿¦¹¹ÂÆÞ´!·ºÇ¶F±e¶±w·ºÆ ¶ Áà´±w¿¦Ãº¶Ã Î϶Fá+±w¹¶F¶Q´mÑÁ°¹±O²³F±wǶFËÇú÷ºÁ¾w¶Qà ÀÈÔ³F¿w´!Å!»¿¦·ºÁÃÓ¿¦°Ë±Hú²$±±wƳ¿aÈÔ´!Á¤³F¿¦»½¶±w±wÁƶ¾w¿¦Ãº³FDZ¶ÁDZw¶³F±w·ºÆc¹ÌOµâ±Êɱw²$¶FDZw³Fà ÁF·º»½¶)¶F±w°Â¹´mÁFѶ_Ì Á·ºÆ°±_¿a¹ÁÞÁ·º¾w¾mú¿¦ÇÃU¶ÁF¿¦±wú³Fµ!·º´!¹Â³Fµ!· ¶Á°¿¦»ã³±²¹Â¿¦³¤´¦¿¦ÁÞ»½¹±Ê±wÁ¾_±_±w³¶¶½¶¤¿¦¿¦³F³F·º±9à ÀǶF³F±w±wÆc²³Fд+¿¦Æ¹Çƾw·ºËÁ°Ãº±¿aÁ*±ÊÅÁF±_°Â¹¼±¸²Ñ³F°´!±wË(¹ Πú±w»½¶)¿¦³± ¿¦µ!µ!³¤¿_Ŧ¿aÁF±wƸѰ±w¹9»½±_¿¦¶Ç³F±w»½±w¹+Á)¹Â´!·º¶F±·º¶)·º¹+Á³F´+ÆǾw±wÆcÌ òä4j[å+t_æ^mç¢bkWÂètméat(ê|kë+ì¼\aW+Ykí9\aW+dlb[{lW3j[oW+p lò YkpqÔ\mpÔWÂ^wv]tmtmó pqd]bîZ$bOZ$qvQtmpït+|¢o+ÔjOtw^aW+\apÔbkðO|\md]ñ ô õ+ö «+¬÷)øUù®]«(ú÷ ö eoqûkj[pqtwt^aW+Y[\aZ]pÔb[YOð*W(\Z$Z$qð]pq`d]\atpÔ^m^aûkd`Z]tHtat_pqWÂb¸tm^mtûk^mW¢ûkWo+d]\abcd ^mò W+j[Qtw^)^ad$bkflW(tað]t)W(bkd]flWY[WZ$l\mYk^m\apÔW(^mpqtad]t_b[pqd]Z]b ^m{k{kW+ZZ\a^¦^¦pqZ*ZÞbkðhfü~\atd]W+\a`ý½WpÔ^m`iYÕû W+pï\mopïfü\a{ld]dhW(\aZ]bh`4\m^a\¦WÂpqZo({vZ$*j[W+tmQYOpÔYÕb[Z$W+\¦ðÞZ$\a^mpq`i`4û[WW¸W(^abcnW+^a\t(óUt_ W+þÿ^_^aZ$bQpÔb[bkjk{ ðc` tcò ñFZ$W+`ibO\{WÂd]Z$fÕb[pqbkot~qYkj[Z$jkt_Ô^ññ ^mð]W+pqbcd]d]^\abpÔ\¦^mZ]Z$ûkb[b[`{M{lt(dh`ó`}~ZvXtmd]W+^mY[WÂû\m{kdlt+Z${lóqð]j[þ dho+\mW>\mpÔW(^m{lYkûkp H\a`dQW+t~{k\aW+j[\abcW+o^Uqp vò o+pqÔd]Ôj[pÔb3^wt_v^m\aW(pqZ]b[\mb[pq{lbk{lW+ðcdh9t)` pï½tpÔpÔYkb[^mû\apud]^a{lpqYÕZ]p dhÔHpïtmtmW+W(Z$\m{ ññ Z${lb[W{pqjOt t_WÂò {4Z]tm^mW(d{3ZhdhtmbtmW(tao+td]`i^mû[Y[WXZ]o\mqpïj[t_dht_^mbW(\md]pqfbkð]ðW+Z]b[ÔWMðhd]Y[\aZ$pu^apq\aûkt*`pÔb¼t+óU{lep HûkW+pqt¢\aW+pÔbcbk^ñ dpÔob qò j[tmò twW+^ad]\aW+^ms]\aûWÂpÔb[{io+ðhÔpujOt(fóîtwZ^aW+þ Y[\aZ]pÔbktmpÔ\~ðcpq`4t+d$óf)pqïeZ$ðh\aW+ûkpubk^wWXWÂv Wt>Hò Z]W(WYko!^wYO^e~WÂd$W+Z$W+f)\~b b[pÔd]bx^wpï>t_^mW9ûkdAW¸Z$oYktaqj[YkZ$`it_qpq^mW(W(WX{\mo+pq^abkÔdÞj[ðht_t^a^mûkW(pïW\t d]Ôpï\aopÔqðhvÄpÔb[ZZ]s>Z$pq{kïZZ$ò^aZTqWpqðhtiW+Z$bkïWtmdTW+ltw^aYkj[\m{lWÂtmpqW(tmpq{d]ó bÄe{[Z~^adTZht_~W+^aW+t¸quñ¤~yQW+bk\adW½jOb t_WÂYk{Äj òpqb ñ ^mpu^wûkvÄWÞpqW+t¸lbkYOdhW(bl\mpqñ¤`id]YlW+^abcpÔ^a`t( ó Z$U ¤^Xfüdh~\ Zhò t~d]fü^md]û jkb[Z${3qð]^adhû[\mpÔZ^m^ûk`^mûkt(WÞ|\a½W+puY[^a\mû dl{lt_qj[pÔðho+pûcò ^mpÔqÔv ñ ûkcñFpÔðh`iûkWÂW+Z$\Ub[\at(W+ó Yk\adl{lj[op ò pqÔpÔ^wvXfüd]\)^aûkW½n Z$qð]dh\mpÔ^mû[`C^aû[Z$bMfüdh\ nt_QdhW(jkoe^m\apqo+ûkd]W(bWtd$T\mf[WÂj[tw{l^ÿb[W(taod$oW(\af\_p^¦ò Z$^mW(û[pqbhtWC^w`ivMY[pqpqZ]bÞo+YO\m^adcW(ûkZ$\ W(\atm\apïWeZt vTWdhlW\mYÕlðcW+YOZ$\abkW(pÔ`i\mpïtmpq`iW+W(bc{'W+^¦bctUZ]^aZ]tît(b[|{Þfüsd]Z$pïqtaÔ\adt_pÔdhjk*j[WÂt(tt ó \m\mW(d qò Z$j[^mW(t_^m{bk^aWÂd¸tmt^md$ûkf[Wo+o+ÔÔj[jOt_tw^m^aW(W+\m\apqpÔbkbkð9ðMZ$d]qfÕð]d]ðh\aW+pÔbk^mûkW½`W+lt)Ykpï\mtUWÂ{ltmpqtmtapqod]jObitm{ktmW(Z{M^¦ZkpqbóetmW(ûkoW ñ ^mZ$pqb[d]{bZ]ktaótmnQW(taW(t_o`i^mpqd]W+bcbi^e¸d$Ykf\m\mWÂW(t_YkW(\abcdQ^a{ktUj[`iopWò ^mpqû[ÔpÔdQ^w{[v]tój[etmûkW(WM{{kfüd]Z$\ ^aZ]otmqWj[^¦t_te^mW(j[\mtmpqbkW({ð pÔbiWd]lj[Yk\ïZ$Wpqlb[YOtW(^m\mûkpq`iW4W+{lbcp ^aÕt¢W(\mZ$W(\abhW~^9{lWWÂltmo+YÕ\mW+p ò\apÔW(`i{4W+pÔbcb^¦ttmW(YÕoW+^mpq\md]füd]b\a`i lóW(nQ{W(ó9o^mepqd]ûkb W. \ad]W(ftmd]jkj[Ô^a\
(3) t [Z$b[\aW>{lpqY[bk\mðhWÂt½t_W({kbhpq^ataW(oj[{tapÔtmbW({3tmW(pÔob^mpqtmd]W(bio!^aXpÔdhZ]bb[{Þkó^aûkW½pq`4Y[Ôpïo+Z$^mpqd]b[t [® O¬÷Où ö ø eûkWpÔbc^m\adl{lj[o^mpqd]bid$f`ipqo+\mdcZ$\a\aZv¸^aW(o¦ûkb[d]qd]ð]v~Zht ZM`Zñ dh\W+shW+bc^Z$bO{ û[Z]tx`iZh{lW¼pÔ^YÕdhtat_p ò qW^md `4WÂZ]tmjk\aW^mûkW `tmpÔb[ð]XqWþWlW+YOQW(Y[\m\mpqWÂ`itmtmW+pÔbcdh^xb VXÔW(s]jkW(ðhXðhZ$d]bAfÞ^mW+ûk^dhZ$j[Ftaó¢Z$Âb[]{k]tc!d$ó fÞ¢ðhW+\mbkW(sQWÂpÔtxdhj[pqbt_qv]Z | ^a½ûkûkW W(bZ$`i`4d]dhjk\mbcWM^\aW(d$t_f ^m\aò pïo!pÔdh^mWÂÔdh{3ð]`4pïo+Z]W+^m9ûk{kdlZ${k^atXZ t_jO~o¦Zhû¼tZ]^wtvcY[pqo(d]Z$\m^mqÔûkv1W(\mtmbY[Z$Z$\¦bOtm{ W Q]]eûk~WAW+\a^wW½~j[d tmW(`i{dhfüt_d]^T\¢`4od]WÂ`4Zññ t`imnQjkdhd]\ajlbAW+^m`iû[`iW+W+\abcpïbo^\aòdhd$Z$Ôfid]\a^a\¦ð]t*ZW(vbkþ*WA^aqW(½o¦WûklpÔbb[Ykd]\aW+W(q^>d]taZ$t_ð]pqFpqd]ókW(b)tM(ó
(4) Z]\mWi^aûkWdhÔpqð]dhbcjOoqW+d$^apq{kW )pqY[t_ûQjl^ CW+^ÿZ$Fó3(]hhAZ]b[{'^mû[W o(V Xþ `ipïo\adhZ$\a\¦Zv ^a^¦W+}>Z$\½\a\avîdpït ½V ò bAX\apÔZ$þW b[[{Avxo+}~{lV WÂd$tm^¦o+twþ9\m^ap W+4ò pqWÂbÿfü{3\ad]ÂpÔ` ]b3hh^m^mû[û[W¸d]^mj[WÂfüd]o¦taûkqZ$Ôb[bkd½{[d]qtipqd]bkðhd$ð[v]fXó>|UyQg>Z$bkb[dhd`i{ĽYkb^mû[ÔW(Wð]`iW(qbkW+Z$blW(^_tññ d]j[f>tmpqZ$bkbÄð3d]Z\aðh\ad Z$ò b[d$pqtm^(` |½Z]ûk\mWW+\aYkW\aWÂpÔbcZ]^mo¦WÂûÄ{¼Ykdh\mbhpqbc^a^md3WÂ{Ttm`tmZ$YOqd]^¸t_qdhpq{kbTW(^at9ûkd$Wf¢Z$ðh\aq\aZhZtmv t ^a\ata\aW+Z$ZhYk`io!\a^mYkW(WÂtmqW]{W+|[bcfü^¦o+\mtd]dhbQ`ZÄs]W(ð]\_oW(^aW(bkW(ÔïW]{xtó ^mpqdb1 o(W(ZAVtatmX\mW+W+þbkfüW+ðh\aW+ò W+!\ vxb[o+\aW¼W+s]tmþW(Z]\a`itmW9Yk!` ^mÔW¼\¦"Z$Z]b[b[taþXo{ 4\apqZYlpïti^m^mpqd]WWÂQb)tw^ñ | ò^aZ]d b[W+q{AW(ûQ{3v qZ ò o+ò \aV W(pq{lÔWÂpïtm{Aþ WT½YÕ½d]pu^apÔYk^mû û.jkï{lZop ^aHd]pÔ`idhW+\ab[YkW+tebcqW+Z$#^ `i\a[WW(jkbh^adhûk^¦\mZ$W+WÂ\ab3tmv o+`iW+t_bcpuW%l^$hWÂj[{l{xW+vhb[Z$W(o+bOt(W(ó¼{t3eZ]d]ÔûkqbCdW>^mïûkWÂZ{W ñ `iZ$^ÞpïoW(\aZ]dho¦Z$ûA\a\¦tmZYOv]d]ó ^Þ `iW(Z]Zhy]t_WÂj[t¸\mpqpubk^ðYÕdh^aûktatmW p ò OqjkWid]^m\ad¼W(tao(oZ$W(ïb[oojkWïZd]^af*W4W(^mZhûko¦Wû \aW+{lïv]ZW ñ ^aZ]pÔ\msh\¦WZv]Z |Qò pFj[ó Whb[ó>{k^aZ$dxbOoo+WZ]qd]o+f¢jkïo+ZV^mW¸^aþãûkWÞd$fqW+W(shZhW+o¦)ûd]fd$fW+l^aYkûk\mWWÂtmðhtmW+pqbkd]WÂb3t*d$d]fb¼W(Zh^mûko¦û W ðhd]fÞW+bk`4Wh"ó WÂZ] ¤tm^¸jkpq\at9W+`iodhW+`4bc^a`itdhZb^^m{ldp&Hj[W+t_\aW4W+t_bcW(^s]W(o\adhZ]b[{lZ$pÔ^m\apq\ad]Zb[vlt(te|*füdh½\9ûkZW(\mt_WTW(\m^mpqûkW(W t `iW+o+Qd]W+b[Y[bc{l\m^¦WÂpÔt^mtmpqtmd]dhpÔdhbO\bxt>^apÔ`Yk`i\aZd'W+vx OñFYÕÔo+W9d]d]pqfü\abcd]\m^aWÂ\½t(t_óWÂYÕZ]d]eo¦bOûûk{pïð]t4^mW+db[YkW¸{l\mdlp ^mHo+û[W+W(Z$\a{l^eW+jkbcpï\at*^eWxt_^m\a^mpïtmW(j[tmtm{kjkjkpÔW(ÔWÂ^at({t4|Qó ^mpq\abÿW(Z$Z]^_b ñ (ô )ö +® *c¬«(kú ö -« , ú / ö . ú®]¬÷Ol¬¬0 ,213546*c¬8ú 79* ö «(ª e$cjkûkWÂWÄtw^a\mpÔdhW(ÔbkpïZW({ò pÔqpqpub^wv \md]WÂfÞoW+`4bc^¼pïo\a\aW(dhtmZ]W(\mZ]\¦\aZo¦v û)ó8W+lYOeW(ûk\mpqW+`i\aWîW+bcZ$^a\atW û[{lZ]&p t HW+ò \aW+W+W+bcb ^ YÕòtmd]jkW+jk\a^epÔ\¦`ib[oWÂd$W(t^*bhd$^3Z$fHqsnl|kZ$o¦Z]\aûQ\mpqZ$W¸j[^mo¦Z$pqûkd]ïtmûObid4Z$pÔ\¦bZ]{QYk^Z9YkqW^wpqvQ^io(YkZ Z$pïò o+FqóUZ]W9[]^m]o+diV]cd]!qpÔó¼þCðhd]nQ`ibQdhj[pq`4o+o+\mÔWdcW(d$Z$d$^m\afepï\a{lZ^mWXû[v¸W(`4WtmQW]pÔññ | fü^ao+W(pÔ\mdh\mdcW(b)Z$bh;ó\a^¸\aZ{l½vljkW+t(Wshó)W+e^m\¦d3ûkt_WTW*sZ$W^m\aQ\¦pqZ$^aZ$b[\a^mZhpqtad]o!ob[^m\aWÂpqtYl{ipÔ^mbÄpq`d]b^mpïtmfütm\ajkþd]W4` tmZ$Z]b[`4` :{ Y[ÔXWÂt þ8`þ'^mZ{ld v W(òð]o+\¦VWXZ]{l{kpÔZ$þ fÏññ ``ZZvxv Y[Z$\mït_dld {lj[ò o+W WÞVsZ]X\mpïþãZ^apÔtmdhYOb[WÂtopqW({kt½jk\md]pqf bk{lð p&H^mW+ûk\aWAW+bcï^Z ò qW+W+b[qpÔð$b[^mðÿûó~Y[\medlûkoW(WÂ\mtmWt {lo+W+j[\mWi^aZ$^mpqdbc^m^mpqû[W(teWpqbQbj[^moûkqW+W#d]^mpïdh{lÔWvQ`iodhW+`4\¦Z]YÕtmdhWÞtmg>pÔ^mû[pqd]Z$b)pqb=<ó ½ Êb W(ZhZho!{k^m{lpqd]pÔ^mb pqd]b)~|g>jkblñ füo(dhV \*XZ$þ`iYkdhqbh&p O^ao(d¼Z^a^aûkpÔdhW3bZ]d]\mf\¦ZtavZ$`i`iYkZqWMvAo+û[V ZshWxþÞ{lóÕp eÕûkW(\mWMW(bcYk^ipqb[o¦t½û[tmZ]YO\ad]Zh^_o!^m^apqW+bk\mð ñ pïo+twjk^aupq^Mo(t^adZ]b[yc{îb[d{lãW(Ôpqûks]dW(I\4{k`p&Hj[W+o¦\aûAW+bcd$^f~Z$^mû[`iWd]jk{lbcW+q^¦pÔt+shó?W+\a ¤W(^{ pïtio+V Z$ït_þdT{k^ap&û[@iZ^ñ pïò t qW4 klYkW(\m{d ò ^aqdW+`^aûktWx\aW+tmïjkZ\m^afW(Z]{oWi^adxd]f>^aûk^aWiûkWûQv t_qò pï\m{lpïW]{ló3pïtmZ$e^mûkpqd]W+b\aWYkZ$û[\aZhW4t_WhYÕ|dhW]tatmó ð[puñ ó.
(5) ^mò û[\mZ$pï{l^pïtm^mZ$û[^mWMpqd]^mbW(`4\mWÂYÕZ]W+o!\¦^aZpÔdh^abjk\aZ$WbOZ {HtmW(W+os]^aW(t½\a^aZ]ûkhWÞd]^mW ûk@W(\Uo+pÔfW(Z]b[o!o^av3d]\¦d$t+fóUnl^aûkZ$W`iûQYkvcqW ñ o+Z$Vb[{Cþ'^mûkW`ZûQv¼v ò Z$\mïpït_{ld pïtmò Z$W4^mpqd]j[bbkW \m$cWÂj[Z]Z]o!Ô^aqpÔvTdhb1{lpïtw`^a\mZp v ò jlYO^aW(W(\_{Äfüdhd\ms]` W(\9{ltmp ÔHpï{lW+WÂ\mtñ W+½bcpu^m^aqûvÄbkpqdhb blñ¤{ltmpYÕÕW(W(o\mpW( Obho^ÞûQYOv Z$ò \m\a^apqtM{kpqd]taf>Z^a^apÔûkdhWb)| `iò pqZ]o+o¦\myQdcð]Z$\a\ad]\ajkZvhbOó{Xb[d]\adpït_ò W¢qW+Z]`b[{ t pÔ>bcW(^mÔW(\_füZ]W(t>\mW(jkb[b[oo+WÞW+\mfü^a\mZ]dhpÔ` bc^mpqZhW({ t> \aZ]W+o+ïW+Zbc^m^WÂ{t_YÕ^ad$dÞ^¦^mtû[Z]W9\mWÞpq`Z]Z$qtmðhdWXYÕZ$bOdhtaZ$t_qpvQò tmqpïW]t+|Oó Zh ¤^t pq{ltid]`iðhW+pqbkb[W(Z$\abcZ]^9Ôqtmv d]j[^mûk\ao+W WMò d$pqfd]qjkd]b[ðho+pqo(W+Z$\m^a¢Z]spÔbcZ]\m^wv3pïZ^apÔb¼pÔdhbî`ipï^moûO\aZdh^Z]\mpq\¦tZv^aûkWWlYÕYkW+\mW+\mññ pÔðh`iZ^aW+pÔbcb[^¦ðtZi8*qZ]Z]\m`iðhW+Zh\½t_ebQjkZ$``òv W+Z]\b[d${ f tmí9Z]dh`iÔj YkòÔWÂt*$ho+Z]hbh!Yk| \mZ$dbOsQ{îpï{lpqWMbcpqshblW(füt_d]^m\mpÔññ `ijkb[Z$o^mW(pq\_d]^¦bAZ$pqZ bcò ^wv9d]jl\a^¸W+ï^aZûk^aW(W{¸\a^aZ]dbkð]^aW(W4o¦ûkd$f~b[d]sqZ$d]\að]pqv9Z$^m`pqd]Zb)v óiò eW~ûkpÔW4bQshfW(Z]t_o^m^mpqd]ðh\¦Zt9^aW(d${ f òûcvv ò \a\aW+pï{lYkpqqtapqo(ZZ^a^apÔdhpÔbkb)ðó*^anQûkd]Wxj[\aY[o+\mW(W(t½Y[d]Z$f\¦Zs^aZ]pÔ\mdhpïbÄZ^ad]pÔdhf½b3taZ$pqb¼`iYk`iqW(pïot\adhZ$Z$b[\a{ \¦ZZ]v\m\¦WZQv ñ YOt_pqW(ð]\mb3pq`iZ$W+\aW9bc^aZ]t9qtmZ$db[{l{pïtapïtaot_j[jktaWÂt_t*WÂ{\aW+pqïb Z^a¸W({W(\m^m\edxZ$bO^mûk{3Wg>WûQljkYO\¦W(o¦\mûkpq`ipÔqW+bc]^aZ]]k{lò W+ñ Z$b[{nQpq`id]b3W^Z$FóF$]c]ó 5( ùUª(« *c¬ú ö * ö * 1"354U¬ *Qª(ªÂú÷ ö l«Â ÊbýZ]{k{lpÔ^mpqd]b.^ad ^mû[W fZ]o^md]\¦tYÕd]pqbc^mW({.dhjl^ ò v nko¦ûcjOo¦ûlñ û[Z$ïZ$t_\¦dT{Q^ZTW+t_^dhjkZ$\aFo+ó¸W$d$hf½]jkcbOoW+^mûk\m^aW Z]pÔt_bcj ^wòvhó¼t_%W $hej[ûkW+Wbc^o¦ûk{kdhZ$pqo+^aZîWd$Z]fb[Z$Z]qb[vlZ$t_qpïvltt_pïpïtt ûcYkZ$qj[\mð]WÂð]d]t_W\aW(pÔbcZ$^m^aûk`it`'d]ZAj[pïbht~t_^¦pqo+ð]t¸\mb[jOd$p&o Of½pïo(Z${kZ$FZbcó ^¦^Zk|o¦pïû[oZ]\aZ$b[dhq{TqZ]W+\mbk^m\¦ûkðhZWW]vÞó Z]^ab[W(eo¦Z$ûkûkqvlb[W¼t_d]pït_qt9d]pq`ið]d$v4f~Ykq^mYkW(ûk\at_pïdl^tÞ{lfü{kj[d]Z$o\a^aWÂ` Z t d$ÔW(f~s]Z]W+Ub[Z$füdhqvl\¸t_ZxpïtXð]pqW(t9bk^aWdpït_t¸^mjOt_pq{lð]v¼b[&p pÔ Of¢o(^mZ$û[bcWi^{kfüdh&p H\9W+^w\a>W+d3b[o+{lWi&p HpÔb W+\aWW+lbcYk^Þ\aoW(dhtab[t_pq{ld]pÔb ñ ^m^mpqW+d]\3b[Z$tb[Z]VÔvlW%tm½pqtipqtmppïtW^ÞZ Z]füdhó\mÂ` ]cd$lf¸|Hjknkb[o¦ûktmjkW+b[YOZW(\mWsQ^Þpït_Z]WÂ{óoÂï]Z]]tact_!p Oó4o(g>Z^mqpqj[d]t_b ñ Z$t_pqb[d]{bCpï{[t9ZZ^aZ[`ióãd]\aþWoo+dhd]`i`iYk`iÔW+d]b1~o+ZÔj[v3t_^md$W(f¢\mt_pqbk^mj[ð {ktavcopqW(bkb[ðZ$ð]\apqW+d b[WÞpqtWl½Ykûk\aW+W(\at_W ñ ð]qZ]W+\mb[pÔ^wW(v]tióMZ$í9\aWxW+bkðhWÂ\mtdhjk½YOpÔ^mWÂû { t_ò pq`iZht_pÔWÂï{îZ$\Xd]Wb lYkW\alW(Ykta\at_W(pqd]tabt_pqd]Y[b \m+d Yk [\mÔ+dW [tXqZ]W\mWtmpÔ`iò W+pÔññ Ôð]pqpqW+s]shWMW({3oqjk^md W(teò d]WÞfUfü½jkb[û[o!pqo¦^aû3pÔdhb[ð]W(Z$bkqqW(v3t½\aZ]W+\mïWMZ^aoW(d]{ñFó \aW+ ðhjkW+b[ïZo+^mW]WÂ|O{^mó ûkW4oqj[tw^aW+\¦t YkpqtÞ\mdho+þ YOd]`idc½t_`iWÂpï{{ld]WMbÄfüd]s\*^mZ$d\a^apÔûk{lW+W^wpïvtmZ]o+b[\md$pqfZ$`iqovlpÔqbOt_j[pïZt_t½^m^mW(Wd$\mfòpqbkðhWðW+^wbk~Z$WÞW+qð]W(W+dhb l\mYkpÔû[^m\mpÔûkWÂW(tm`\atmZ]pqte\ad]o¦bû[ûkZpï{ksho+ZWZ]^¦UòZkZ]ó
(6) W(b[W+ ¤b{ ^ Y[Z$\¦Z$o¦\mûk^mpÔpq^mo(pqZ$d])b[Z]Z]ÔUðhZ]d]Ô\aðhpu^ad]ûk\a`pu^aûkt*`{lW+t\a pqs]
(7) hWÞZ]pÔZ4bÄ^mZ$\ab[W+{ÄWÞt_V^m\aj j[ò oW(^mt4jk\aÂWÞ]]½cûk!W(ó \m *W¸pq^aW+ûk\mW ñ oZ$qqj[ð]twd]^a\aW+pÔ^m\aûkW({A`td ò j[ t_W(Wo^aZÄtZ]Yk\m\mWWÂ{l^mW ûk OWbkW(qW({ ZshbcW(j[t(` |½ò W+û[\iW+\ad$W(f¸Z]tÞoqY[j[Z$tw^a\mW+^m\¦pÔ^mtpqd]Z]b[b[Z]{ pÔpÔZ]bkbktaðÄðt_pqð]û[d$b f½pÔW(ð]\aW(Z]W(Zh\abko¦o¦ûWûkpïW+d o+QòZ]Y[½ \mWÂWÂo! tm^tmpïpÔtm^adhW+dîbbAW{kWk^ZZ]^¦oZ]Z^mqó¢vû[(Z]]dht hbkòkWTW(| W+o bqj[W+t_{kb ^md]W(bkW\(^óãW Z]ò g>d$ó¢q^aj[(ûîtw]^ahj[W+h\mt_ññ WZ$Z$^b[Fó {¸Z$(Y[FhóZ]]\_k(^a|hpu^a] pÔcdhdlTb[{lZ$Z]vÄcb[Z$W{Iqð]^dhtmZ]\mW+pÔÔóU^mfÏûkñ¤$d]`]\a[ðht(ÂZ$|(tmb[ój[p (o¦pÔûÞbkðd]Z]\at Wi`cñF\mZ$`iWÂY[oWÂt W+Z$bcb[^Þt>Z$Z]bOU`i{ÄZZsvhY[Z+d\m+d dhòW+pÔW^ñ Ô W( `ýZhtwt_^aYÕpÔWW(o+W+p& O^xo~Z$Z$Fqó>ð]$dhh\mpÔ]^mcû[!`i|et>g Yk \a wd]YÕ dhtmW( X{MpÔpqb[b[ðîo+Ôj[Z${kb[W>{ ðhMW+bkZ$We\aY t_ûO$Z]sc[pqbkÂð YkZ$Z$b[ï\mt_dh{ÄdxYO>gdctmd]t_ WÂ`i m{gWotmqj[jkYÕt_^mnQW+W(û[\a\msQZ]pqbkpq\atmZ]ðW(b¼{Z]ÔZ$Z]ðhb[Ôd]ðh{Ä\ad]pu^a\anQûkpuû[^a`ûkZ$``it¢Z$t½pq\9\aû[W*]Z]jks]]bOW ct_òjk!ó W+YÕW(W+ b¼\asQdcYkpqtwtm\a^9W(d]{)d$YÕf| dhò ^atmûkW(jl{ W^ füo¦d]ûk\*pÔb[W+W(QtY[\m}~WÂtm\atmdpÔdh½bbT{kW+Z^^¦ZZ$FZ$ób[$Z]]Ôhvlhtmpqt(ó|l *W]ó dð[~óeW+t_shj[W+Yk\ÂYO|)dh{l\_p^*ÕW(sh\mW(W(obh^md]^Þ\Z]`iÔðhZ$d$ññ \mbkpÔd$^m^iûk`yQbktidd]½fÏ^mbîW+bÿ½ûkYkpï\ao¦dlû {lj[Z]oÔðhWd]{l\apup ^aÕûkW(`8\mW(bcpït4^`io+ÔjOdhtwt_^a^iW+\aZ]pÔYkbkYkðc\at+d]|>YkZ$\ab[pqZ${ ^mWpu^füdhpït\ ^mûkW¸nQ^¦dhZ]`4tmyÕW ó \aW(tmW(Z]\ao¦ûkW(\atTû[Zs]W tmvQt_^mW(`Z^mpïo+Z]Ôqvýodh`iY[Z$\aW({ Yk{lod]&pÔHWh`i|W+Y[\a W+Z]bc\mZ]^pïbktmd]ð]o+bqpïZhZ$tm`ij[tmtmW(W+pÔt¸qb[p¢ðÿd]W+f~^i]o hZ]qj[óet_^m{kwW(ÂZ$\m]^apqbkZhhðtm9WZ$fü^¦qdhð]t3jkdh½b[\mpÔ{ pu^m^aûkûCpq`b st(Z]Z$óbî\apÔkdhW+d]j[`i\MtYkW+qkpqW+\mZ$shpïo+`4W+Z]ïtñ d$Z fò qpqW(`4t(|YÕW+Z$\mb[fü{W(o^mb[pqd]d]bQb[jkt4bkpÔ{kfüd]pqtm\aYO`&W(\ao+tmÔpqjOd]b)tw^a|ÕW+d]\jl{k^aW+Ôpqb[W+tm\¦put(^a|OpÔWÂpq\mta\aÞW+q^mW+ûOsZZ]^ibh^*n sZ] \mpÔtñ d]½jlpu^a^aûTYOW(\a\_W(füdhtmYO\m`iWÂo!W(^9{^mt_dW(s]ZhW+o+bo+jkûk\apÔZhW(o\avZ]\aZ$o¦b[û[{¼pqo(Z$\m]d o+ò Ôj[j[t_t_^m^mbkW(\mWÂpqtmbkt(ð9óXZ$eqð]ûkd]Wi\apÔt_^m^mûkj[`{lv t ò½v ûkW ^aûkZ$W+b[\ ð]pïQZ$ñF`i`iW+W(qZ]plb[W^>t¸Z]~d]ókjk_(ï{ h]YOhW(U\_{lfüdhdQ\mWÂ` t+|hûkò dW>^m^mW(W(s]\MW(^m\(û[|Z]bkb d]^n ^mW(ÔkjOt(t | füd]d]\\½pÔð]f9W(n bkW¸ WltYk\a~W(d]tat_jkpqïd]{ bò {kWxZ$^a^aZkûkó Wx`idht_^4Zh{lsZ$bc^aZ]ð]W(d]j[tÞo¦û[d]pïoW. Data selection. Acquire expression data.. Initial screening. Apply variation filter and data normalisation.. Representation. Select similarity measure.. Clustering tendency. Inherent grouping in the data?. Clustering strategy. Select clustering method and number of clusters. Perform clustering.. Validation. Interpretation. Examine if clustering is reliable. Draw conclusions from clustering. Use results in downstream processing.. New insights. qpUbpqð]
(8) cjkZ$\apqWb]Z$½b[{g>ÔVXj[t_j ^mò W(WÂ\mpqtÞbkðwÂ]Ykh\adlho_WÂó{ljk\aW ò Zht_WÂ{dhb [ ð]j[\mWÞ[ó c . . òtmûkW+dW(e½bûkb{lW4pqWÂb<t_tm^ao+ [Z]\mðhð]p ò jkWÂWÂt\a{ Wd]f>]ò óZv^w
(9) cvQZ$Ykpqpïbo+ë+Z]Z]åÔb[å!o{C"qj[ #twVXè%^a$W+j \aò pqpÔt~b[W(t ðx½ûkYkwÂW(\a]dlbho^ahW(ûk{kW9jkZ]\m{[b[W4Z{C^aû[ZZZ]sh^m\mdWW füòpqbkjkWxðqqvo\aqj[W(Z]tmt_t½jk^mW(^mÔ^aûk\mt(WÂWÞó'{Ä{kpïZ$&t^a$(ZiZh#)*o #Yk$c\ajkXd]pqYÕë"\méWÂW+m{\må¦^móå"pqW($(et½#)$,ûko++ ÔpqWÂtZ$\mt_\aW+û[ÔfüvW+d]\¦jkZ tïH{ füW(dho!ò \^½W^aW+{lûkkd]WÞZ$bk`ioWqYkj[o+qt_W¼Z$^mW(\a^mW\_d ññ ^abk`iûkdhW(Wx\mZ]`btaZ$Z]d]`iÔpïftmWZ$^m\apqZ]Z]d]b[bkb {ð]Wid$Z4fd]sfe{[Z]Zs\m^apïZ]Z$Zî\mbOpïZ½o^aW¸ûkpÔdhd$W+b)fe\aWTó 9W+ ¤fü^Qd]\*Y[pït\mW+WÂQo+tmY[d]tmpÔ`i\mdhWÂb`itmtmpÔd]Ykdhb \abx'd ^m [Ykdq\aW(d'jOtx Ot_ÔWxð]WÂWt+Z ^ ó tòm pÔW¸`ibkW>pÔpqb[q\mZ]Z]WÂ\mYkZ]pÔ^wYktmvTd]\ad]bM`iYkfü\aWÂdhpïZ]\Ztm^m^ajkW9ûk\mWepÔWÂfUtj[Yktmü\aW>Whd'ód] OðOf[ÔóWÂbkted]¢\asj[`Z]o\mqZ$pqpïW(q{lpq{taW(ZZ]pq^ab3bApÔdh{l{kbMppqHt_pqt^aW+Z]\a^ab[W+û[bcoZW^*^¸\aoZ]>W(bk\_dh^¦ð]jkZ$WÂpqït+b{ ó pq`iþbkqð[W(tmZh|d t_`ij[s\mW(Z$W(Z$\a`4pqb[Z$pÔW(^mbkbcpqðd]^b ^asû[Z$ [ZqÔjk^Þ^mW(W(W+\atiltZ$YkZ$\a\m\aWWÂWtm^atmdcj[pqd]d t_b WÂ{ûkYkpqð]\mpÔb1+dû) [|^mq^aW(ûkdQtMW¼dÄZ$pq\abkqdWipÔM^m\mpïZ$W(|`i¸d]\tmdo+s]^m\mW(ûkW({ÄW+W(bl\mpÔW ñf pïo+td]b[^a{ldcdpÔ^mpqd]ÔpÔbO^_^at4ÔW tmûksdZ$½\apqpqZ$bk^mðApqd]Ôb pÔ^_^adÔs]WW(dh\x\iodhbkb[dA{lspÔ^mZ]pq\md]pïb[Zt(^apÔó dhb ÊbCdshZhW+{k\4{lð]pÔ^mW(pqbkd]W(b)t | ``iW(ZZhv t_òj[W½\mW*\mW(d]`iftmdpÔs]`iW(pq{)qZ]ó.\m-pÔ^wåv /Õòéaå!W+ë+^wå">$(W(W+bx*#èY[$x\m+d pq [bQÔs]WÂdht>ÔshZ]W(b[t{t_W+W(kÔWÂZ$o!`i^apÔpÔdhb[bpÔbkd]ð f ^aÊûkå$HW4ê]{kå"pÔ$5`i+æW+bOW+t_bOpqd]ob[d]Z]`iÔpÔY[^wvZhtmd$tmW(f t½^aûk^mûkWiW{kZ]ZYk^¦ZkYkóMqpqo(eZûk^apÔWidhb3tw^¦d]Z$fð]0W `4W+2^m1Qûk!ë dlÊ{kå+3ét#)$4^md+ W+{klZ$Z]^aZ[`ió
(10) pÔbkW3g>qpÔj[fXt_^a^mûkW+\aW+pq\abkWð Wlpqtpqt_^ab[tid$^Z]b \mWÂpqobkdhûk`4W(\m`iW(bhW(b[^{lðhW(\m{dhjkpÔYkf4pqbkbkðÄd pqpqb bkûk^mW(ûk\_W ñ ^aW(bQûkbhjkWx^` tmðhò W+\mW(qdhW(\Mjko!d$Yk^apÔf~pqdhbkZbAð sZ]d$pqpÔtif*ïZ ofüò dhqj[qjkWit_b[^mZ${W+q\aó7ð]pqbkd]\að6.pÔ^m2`i1Qûkë!`WÊ^må+t(û[é3|)dQ#)$4Z${)+Ab[ó{Äë3eFpué8^Þû[W+pïÊtM\aå9+$W{læ pqp t@pqb[Zoo+jkÔqÔj[Z]^Þ{k\mðh^mW(d Wt yQjkbkïZ$d\¸I{kZ$½^aûkZ]pqtmo¦Wûî^ÂóÞZ]Ôeðhûkd]W+\apu\a^aWûk`pït¸Z$pïtÞït_d3`iZd]\ao¦Wû[tmd]jkpïopu^¦WZ òd]f¢qWipq`4füd]YÕ\d]Z\m^aZ]Y[bcZ$^¸\m^mZ]pïo!uññ ðhpqb¼d]\a^apuûk^aûkW4` o(Z]Y[tmWZ]\ad]Z]f `4Y[W+Z$^m\mW(^m\apÔti^mpqd]tmb[j[Z]o¦ûÿUZ]ZhÔðht4d]^m\aûkpu^aWTûk`bcj[t+` ó¸òeW+ûk\Wd$:;fM%o<#qê=j[%t_ ^m#W(è%\a$ t t_Z ^aò Z]Ôð]W½W>jOZ]t_pÔpq`bkðtZ]^md9bpÔd bQò sh W(WÂt_o!^m^mpqpqðhs]ZW*^aW¢Z]b[pÔfk{ ^mû[$cW~j[Z$o+bcÔj[^at_pu^¦^mZW(\m^mpqpqbks]W*ð9Z]\mWÂYkt_Ykj[\audh^UZhpqo¦tUû)\aóW+q ¤pu^ñ ``iW(ZZhv*t_pqj[bQ\ms]WÂd]{ qs]ò WvW+o+Qd]^mW+`i\ab[Y[Z]Z]$\mpqobk\aðMpu^aW+ZM\aopqZeqj[½t_^mûkW+W(\a\mpqWbkð¸^aûk^mW >d YÕ W+\m/Õfü3é d]#\aè$`3é #UZ$pqb[blo+füWdh\_pqtñ ^a`o+ûkW(ZtaWt^apÔpÔdhblpÔ^abCfütmdhW+\mÔ`@Zfwó'Z$?$^mðhg>pqd]d]d]ïb {l`iW+d `i(b ò ?d]^abZ]t_pÔ^ab[pqZ]bcW(b[{^m{kW(Z]\m½b[\apu{[Z]^a9ûk:ó pÔo+b \m ÊpÔbc^m^m^aW(û[W+\mW\apïZ b[o+Z$ÔZ$jO~\atwoWT^a\aW+puo+\a^apÔd]W+bk`i\aðApqZTY[YkZ]j[\aod$t_^_W ññ bktmvlWÂtwtm^atMW+`Z]b[Z{Ä^apqoxpqtmd]W+ïsZZ$^aqpÔj[dhZb ^apÔ dh
(11) cbîZ$pqbAd$fXZ$ð]b[W+{ b[WVW+j Qò Y[WÂ\mtWÂtm(tmhpÔdh]bîhóoqj[ t_^md]W+\a\ay¼pqbkdhðhb t û[jkb[Zhtðò WW+^W(bxZ]YÕó¢W+F\m$fühd]k\aÂ`4WÂó{ þXò o¦v ûkpÔ)W(jsQòpÔbkdð sZ]éao½=è C"W+1Q^e!ë Z]*$ÕóHåë¦]ëi]ko(Z$bîZ$Z]b[qtmB{ d A ò WW ñ ñÞ^atmûkW+Z$W(WÄ`ibx{kdhZ]Z$bkt>^aðÄZY[Z$d]Z$\m^m^>b[ûk{Cd]W(f)\4`4^m^mû[ûkdlWXpq{lbksp OðhZ$t4o(qpïZ{kñM^mZpq\ad]^ad bOpÔdhò txbxjOd]twtw^afM^¦bkZ$^mW(ðhûktaW]tiWA|QZ$Z${kb[ðhZZ]{i^¦pÔZCbO^aûktw^ipï t>W+s]pq\ab[W(\m\mo+dhpÔÔ^_\aj[^3t{kW(WpÔb ^t pïZ]tmZ$óQ^m$pqd]]b)[Â|){kóU&p H[W+d]\a\>W+Z]bcÔ^Mðhd]\aZ]\apub[^a{lûkdh`` t^mt_ûOW(ZW(^e{kt¸\mW(tmÔûkv4d]d]jkbï{Ä\¦Z$bkbOd${l^Þd]Z ` HW(pÔb[o^¸pu^a^mpqZ]ûkuW ñ.
(12) oémqå9j[/Htwém^aèÂW+ê\a1(pÔb["#ðC#)tm<pÔ#)ðhFæbkóp& Õ Êo+bZ$bc^aûk^aÔW vh|c#)$(pFó ÊW]å+óé*/ÕZ$qémð]å"dh9%\mpÔ ^m#ûkè%$Ä`t>t_^at_Z]ûkð]dhWÞjkoï{qj[Wt_l^mW(ûk\mp pqò bkpÔð ^ \m`iWÂZt_jkv Ô^aZ$t¸ït_Z]d \mWiò WZ$b[j[Z]tmÔW(vl{ tmW(pq{¼bîZ]{lb[d{T½o+b[d]t_b[^m\ao+W(ÔZ$jO`t_pqd]Ykb[\mt¸dl{lo+\¦W(Ztat_½pqbkb)ðó#t_½jOWÂo¦t_ûAj[uZh^¦tt ^mð]bkûkW+W+WÞb[ W{l^mY[ppïHoÞZ]taW+b[t~\aWW+^m^wbcû[~^*\md]dhtw\a^¦jky3Z$ð]ð]û{lWÂW(t~^m\mûkd$pqsWMfUZY[o+^aÔ\mpÔjOdhdltwb)o^aWÂó"W+{l\a ÊpÔjkb[bk\atmðiW]pqð]ó `ûc^aZtXvZ]Z$o ï$ctmdjkpq`i\aW(d${¼^apÔ{lsj[Z$\m^mpqWÞbkðZ ÷ ùUª+%« *h¬ú ö ÷[©ùUª+« ö *QªÂª ¤^Apït ^mû[Wÿ\ad ò j[tw^abkW(tat d$f3Y[Z$\m^mpÔ^mpqd]b[Z]oqj[tw^aW+\apÔb[ð Z]Ôðhd$ñ \m{lpÔp&^mHûkW+`\aW+tbc^^aû[t_Z^a^Z]\_pï^at¼pÔb[t_ð ^mj[YO{ldhpqpÔW(bc{ ^atpqbZ$b[dh{ jk\YOZ$~\¦d]Z$\a`iyÕWó^aW+\eûktmWWA^_^aW pÔHb[W(ðhot^¼füdhd$\f ^mYkûkj Wîò qnpqo+Ôv ZsZ$Z$b[pqq{ Z ò cqWMñF`ið]W+WÂb[Z$b[WMtWlZ$Ykqð]\adhW(ta\mt_pÔ^mpqd]û[b`i{ktZpï^¦t3Z]tmt_W^m^¦jOt+{ló~pÔWÂþ {C\mjOW(Ykt_pq\abkd$ð ñ d$W+{l\¦f¢j[Z$oo½pqòj[`ipqt_Ô^mW(pÔ^wW(Zhv\mt_pqjkbkpqb[\aðW({lt4\aWW(d]tmf9jkpïtÔo^aqt(Y[j[|Õ\mt_dhZ]^mYOb[W(\_dc{ñÊt_{lWÂ~pï{¼twW^¦Z$Z$Z$b[b[ïtm{¼o+dW]j[ó {lt_W WÂþ [{b[{kfüW4{ld]pÔ\¸Z]^mpqb[d]Z]{bOtatmZ$j[W(qtatmÔvht_W`i|¢tm^aW+W+ûkbcscW^ñ ^mW+{kûkbcZW*^4^¦Z]Y[tmtmpu\mW^ad ^aj[òtZÔ^aW(Z$pÔ`ý\adhWb[d$tÞt_fHj dhûkò \d W(ÿpÔfo^mZ${lW(Ykp{ ÕYkW(\a^m\md]d¼W(Y[bhbk\m^ipïdhZpqZ$^atmW~qW]ð]ó0o+dhÔ\mj[ pÔt_^m^mûkWW(`\m{lpqtdTbkð¸Ykbk\mpïd$tdl^{lpÔbjOZh{ko{lW{lp H\a^aW(W+ûkta\mWtñ YkpÔtmbkZ]\mðÞ`4d ò Z]WTqÔW+ðh\m`d]WÂ\at_t½pujk^a\aÔûkW+^(`ïó Zt^mWÂpÔ{bijk\3^a^adûkZ$W*\mpq`dodhò bcj[pï^mtit_W^mQ^mbkdî^ WÂtmd]^mtefÕW(d]t_ðh^fUW+bkYO½W½Z$û[\mW+^mWQpÔ^m^mY[û[pq\md]W+WÂ\b[tmZ]tm^a)pÔûkdhoW+b4q\aj[WT{[twZ^aZ$W+^a\aZ[\mW ñ ó `4{kZdh^¦beZ]tmûkW^mW^)û[^aZ$n d^ {l^mp ûkÕW(W(Z]vã\mb[W(bh{ pÔ^m^W+co\¦ñ¤qZj[`i^at_pÔW(sh^mZ]W+W+\¦b[qvãt(tóZ]Z]eÔtaðhûktmd]WpÔðh\abQbýpu^ajkûk` ^m`û[ò WtÞW(\û[d d]Zò shf[ WxoWÂqo!j[pq^ab twtî^aW+o+pÔ\¦d]bSt`4pïZ tñ YkqZ$\m^mWÂW*{lûkW OdbkW(o{qdhZ]tmb[W½{Z$bZdt_pqò `i W(pÔïoZ$^ \apqpu^wtvx^ad`4ZMWÂZ]tmtmYOjkWÂ\aoW9p Opïo½t½oj[qtmj[W(t_{3^mW+^a\Âdóo+eZ]ûkqo+W(jltmW ñ Z$Z$qb[ð]{ d]\a^¦pÔZ$^mûky]`WtÞZTd]t_fÏW+^m^W(bîd$fe\mdW(Ôò v WÂd]o!b ^¦t\¦Z]Z$tÞbO{lpÔbkd]Y[`ijlpï^4t_WÂ{k{ Z$t_^a^aZ[Z]ó \_^a pÔb[Zhð¼oXYOdhjkpÔW(bcW+^¦b t Zð]$w(d]\ahWÞ\acpÔ^mYk]ûk\a`dQo+YÕó W(d]ta ¤pqt_^bcWÂ^m~{WÂZh{ Z tHHfüdhd]W(jljko^i^abOt½^m{9û[^a^mûkZ$û[W4^Z$^d]^mûkjl^mû[WT^¦oW d]d]W`i\¦H{lWÞW(W+o\id]^fpqpïbÿt^mûk`½!W Z$û[c\apqð]ñ¤o¦`4pqû b[WÂZ$d Z$$ò b[½ tXW(û[o!Z$W+^¦Ôb tñ do½qò j[j twò WÂ^apqo!W+bÄ^a\¦t*tX_f(Z]Z$]\mqQÔWpq$bk>ð W(Z]òÔb[Ôñ¤W{tm^wW+~}~YOW+qZ$ZhW(\¦b¼t_Zû ^mo [WÂqW+{j[ï|Otw{^aZ]W+wb[\¦Ât½{c^a^aû[cû[ZZ^Xfü^¸d]o(pujkZ$^¸bOj[pï{itmtWM^mYkû[Yk\aZ$pq\ab[^~d oò {lpqqY[pW+HZ$`W+qq\mt(v ñ ó W+ÔWÂbcZ]^{tw^m^¦dMZ$\m{l^mp pqÕbkW(ðÄ\mW(YObhZ$^\mq^mdlpÔ^mo+pqZ$d]lb[dht4Yld$^mfXpq`d]Z Yl^aò pÔjl`i^pïtm^mZ$û[^mZ$pq^d]bÿ>W(`4ÔÔñ¤W+t_^m^mûk\adlj[{kot^mjko(\aZ$W(b{ {kt_jkZðh^¦Zð]WÂtmtwûk^aW(d]{ j[q{T^aû[`4Z^pqbk{lpq`ip ÕpqW(tm\mWW(bc^aûk^3pïtXðh\mY[dh\mjkd Ykò pqÔbkW(ðh`txó füd] \Z${l\a\mp Õpqd$W(^m\m^4W(bc_^3(]pqcbk]pÔñ ^mt_pïpqð]Z$Mb[tiY[Z]d]\_f¸^apuZ]^ab pÔdhb[pÔb[to+d]Z]\ab[\m{ WÂo!t_^qdbQ jk` oòdhbcW+\shW+d]\af¸ð]W(o+b[ÔjOoW¼tw^aW+\¦\¦Zt+^aóW Z]g>\mûkWÄdQdcd$t_fÏ^apqbkW+bð ^mZ$ûkb[WÞ{ bQûOjkZ]` t ò ò W(W(\½W+d$bCfot_^mqj[j[t_{k^mpÔW+WÂ\¦{ t½pïò t*vÿZ4bQbkjkd$`i^ad]W(\a\mpÔdhdhj[j[ttmÔv\aW(û[tmW(Z]Z]\a\a{3o¦ûkYkW(\a\ad t(ò ó ÔW(` þ b[{lZ$b[WZ^¦^a{Z$pÔdhpqg>ÔbWÂdQ{¼d]d]fOYÕtw^a^aW+ûkj[\MW½{lwv3bQÂjk]pÔhbQ` hshò !W(W+ót_\^m)pqd]ðhj[fÕZy^aoZhpÔqb[t_j[û[ðt_pÔ^mb3]W(\aZ$tb[`ie{3WZ]^aktûkj[{ldlo¦dh{kûObkttMW füd]ò $\v hk{l W+^mpqÔW(qpï\mpÔteðc`iZ$Z$pÔbb ñ Wokd]bcZ$^a`iWQYk^*qWd$d]fUf ð]`iW+b[d]W9\aWW+l\aYkW(\moWÂW(tmbctm^Xpqd]~bd]{[\ayZ^adhZ[b¼ó ^mû[pqt9Yk\ad ò qW+`pqb¼^aûkW pÔpÔbkbð3^aeûk\aûkdWòW(o+\mj[d]W*t_`i^mZ]b[\m`iW(WetaW+Wt+\¦kó¸oZ]pïeZ$`4ûkY[ð]WÔW+WÂb[tW+è d$\¦!fZ$Ôo ñF ½qYkj[è%j[t_#)^m\m$(W+YÕ9\adhpqotmbkWMqðMj[t_twt_d]^ad]W+fÏfÏ^w\a^w~pÔ~b[Z]Z]ð\m\mW W½Z$qZ]6 ð]{[dh<1Q{l\m3ë pÔ\m^mWÂû[tm$ ` t_ñ. Z]½b[½{ MfüóWÂo+ZÔjO^mj[tw^¦\mZ$WÂtb)ó füodhdh\i`WkZ$pït`iZ Ykq`4Wxdlfüj[{lb[p [o!WÂ^apÔ2{ dhb[cZ$ñ¤q`ipu^wW(vAZ]b[^ad t Z^m$
(13) W(qð]ét_^d]/\atm pÔ^mW+#ûkb[!ë`. o^m+pqZ$d]ïbîoj[j[qZ$tm^mpqbkpqtmd]pÔðT^mbCpqscZd]pÔ^wfÞïvîZ$^m\aû[ð]^adWW bQ^m\aû[jkW+Y[W¼` \mòd]dl\¦W+{l{l\j[W+o+d$\p f½ò d]pÔ\¦qf9Z$pu^wb[d v {lò dh d]W(`fo^aZÿt(^a\m|½opïZ$t_qj[jkït(twY[|U^aYOW+Z]\dhb[\_{A^tmd]fü\mqdhjlW+\ññ ^m`4t_pqjkd]dY[b)sYOóSZ]dh\_d]þ*^¼f b[füd]dhd$jl\^mû[^aÔ\mW+pqW(W+\3Yk\¦t*W\adQk½{kZ$ûk`ij[pïoo¦Ykp û¼ò qWÄpq`ÔpÔd]^wZv1fvo^a{lqW(j[pqt_t_t_^a^m^mt¼dhW+\a\_pïpq^Xtbk^mð ^aûkûkW4tmW d$ofÏq^w6 j[eèt_Z$^m$ W+\a:W¼\¸å+é tm½+cd]åpÔq^mjl$ û ñ t^mm6.dÿZ2e1QW!ë^alÊdcå+Ykd]é q^md]û[ \atmW¼$d$fÏ^m^wÓû[æeWÄ3ë Z$#ïë\a\aW]W+Oó Ykoædh\a3ë dl`Êå{l! j[|¸o+òp½ò vÞûkpqqnlpïpuo¦^wZvû e^mj['d dQtmHd]pÔW+b[^m\¦ðÿûttm{l^md$ûkpfÏH^wW eW+\aYOZ$W+\adcbcWtm^tmp ½t_ò ^a½pÔZ]qpÔ\_M^w^mv ñ ó pÔtwbk^¦Z$ðTð]YOWTdhYkpÔbc\m^adlt(o+ó W({l jk\ao(WnQûOfüdhZ$\3bkWZhtmW+tm^W(taZ$t_Fpqó¢bkðA]]^acûk]WT¸\a{lW+WÂYktm\ao+dl\m{lp ò j[Wo+p òZpqq`pu^wjkvÿÔ^md$pÔñf ûk?Z pÔW( [\a\aZ]t_\a^xo¦û[t_^mpqo(W+Z$Y ¢o+Ôj[oÂt_nQ^mû[W(Z]\mpqbkbkWðctW^d]f*Z]ð]ó W+b[W+WlZ]W`ilYkpÔbk\aW(Wtat_^apqûkd]W¼bîo{[qZj[^at_Z[^mW(óÄ\mpqþXbkð t ^mpu^wW+vAbO{lZ$W+\ab[Wo+^mv û[W+d]bîf^mo+û[Z]W¼qo+jk{kïZZ^¦^mZkWÂó{ApÔebî>o(d Z]tmpqWb[{ld$pïf½oW(pqtbkûkd$W(fX\mW(\abhW+^4Y[\mtwdl^a{l\mj[j[oo+^mp òjkpÔ\aÔW ñ pÔ{lbÿjk\a^mWxû[WTpqb[{kodhZ\m^¦YÕZkd]ó \¦Ze^aûkW(tÞWYÕ\aW+W+Yk\m^m\aj[dl\ {lò j[Z$o+^mp pqò d]pqbîqpu^wd]v f½o(^mZ$ûkïWojk{kïZZ$^a^apÔZ¼dhb pqb Y[dh\m\adl{koW+W+\ñ ^md¼tmpÔ`jkqZ$^mWi½û[Z$^Þ>dhjkq{Äû[Z]YkYOW(b puf~^mû[W{kZ^¦ZeZ]tMo+d]Ôñ . qo+W(d]ob[^mtmW(pq{ {kW+Z$\Uðc\mZ$W(pqYkb)\mó dl{l *jOW(ob[p ò opÔWhq|pÔ^wvM pÔoÂbnQ^mû[W(Z]\mbk`WtUW+d$^f[\¦Z$Z$FbOóe{lF$d]h` h]W ÕWÂ{lo!d ^atbkpqd$bl^ñ ^aF\m$dl]{l[j[(Zco+W(4{ j[ò t_WÂvx{1^aûkZ Wò Z]dQÔðhd$d]^a\at_pu^m^a\¦ûkZ$` Y[YkpÔpÔ^ab[tmðîW+ÔfwYkó \adQ¸o+W+W(\a{l\*j[Z$\mb[W{Tfüdhg>\ûQZhjktm\¦tmo¦W(ûktapqtwÔñ `i{kZ$W+^abcZ[^3óþd$fMb\mZ$WÂt_b[j[Z]uÔ^¦vlttmpqfüt~\ad]d$`fsZ$o\aqj[pqZ]t_b[^mW+o\3W9`iZ$b[dlZ]{lÔvlW+tmpqetxZ]d$tefÞj[`itmW(pï{)o\a|kdh½Z$ûk\a\¦pïZo¦ûv ^a~o+pÔd]dhd]bcb\a^ay Z]pÔb¼pÔd$bkBf WÂ`{¼¸fW+XZh\ao!\¼þã^ad]Z$ta\¦b[Z$t9{ý`iZhYko+g>o+qW(d]ûQt(jkjk|Obc\¦Z]o¦^m\mûkpqbk\¦pqZÔð3Mvlfüt+\ad]|kW+\Mq{lpÔWÂvhW+tlW(tXYOd]W(Z$b.\mb[pq`i{WlW+ðhYÕbcW+W+^abk\aZ]WÂpÔ`it+só½W(Z]ebh\m^¦pïûkZZ$W ñ \aW+Ykqpïo+Z^apÔdhb)ó . *c« U÷)øUª ^aY[eûkZ]ûkWÞ\_pï^at4spu^aZ$t_pÔ\aWÂdhpÔo!b[dh^mZ$j[pqd]teb o+`iÔj[{lWt_W(^a^mtaûkW(odl\m\apq{kpbkò tðW(jOtZ$t_qZ$WÂð]{xqdhð]\mdh^apÔdx\m^mpÔû[^mZ]`iûkta`tmt(W(ó tÞtat~füd]^m\iûkWoq\mj[d twò ^aj[W+\at_pÔ^mb[bkðÄWÂtmZ$tebOd]{ f (ô ùª(« *c¬ú ö t_W ^mW+\apqcbkñFðÄ`iWÂZ]Z$Ôðhb[d]t \apu^aZ$ûkq`ð]d]tM\apÔ>^mûkW(\m` W ^ae W( ~t_^mZ]dTW(o{ X{lp jkÕpÔW+W(b W(\mb W(bc^a^ûk(pïY[]t Z]Q\_$t_^a ^mpu^aj[pÔ{kdhZ]vÕb[b[Z${6eo^aq^aûkj[ûkW, tmW+ÔfÏñ¤d]\aðhZ$b[p(pÔbkð `Z]Y ¸d]ûkdhbkW+bA(h]c!óeeûkWÞd]\apqð]pqb[Z$ QñF`iW(Z]b[t*Z]Ôðhd]\apu^aûk` ò v ^¦ Z$pqZhb[o t~X^mjkûkW(W¸W+bfüdhÔfüqdhd\9½tmpqd]bk\mð4^mpqt_bk^mð W(Y[&tÞd þ*ò b[ WÂ{lo!W(^¦\ tò W+pqbc\að^md (¼Qohqj[ tw^aW+\¦to+d]blñ hóeþXtmtmpqð]b^mûkW [\¦t_^ d ò W(o^at~^m<d 3tmW+Y[Z]\aZ$^mW¸oqj[tw^aW+\¦t+ó kóe^aþXûktmW*tmpqoð]qb3j[t_W(^mZ]W(o¦\¢û3û[Zd$sQfUpq^mbkû[ð9WÞ^m\mûkW(W`o+Z$W+pqbcbk^mpÔ\ab[d]ðpï{ ^mû[Z$ ^¢kpqt ~`4d ò dc twW(^~o!t_^¦pqte`i^mpud ñ ï`iZ$\WÂZ]^mtmdMjk^a\mûkWhW*ó *d ò W( oW(dho!`i^ Ykt>jl{k^mZW9^¦Z¸^aûks]WÞWÂo!o^mW(dhbh\ ^a\mò dhv4pq{xtmd]d$`if^mW*ûktmW¸pÔ`iðhZ]pqqpÔZ]b[\mpÔpÔbk^wvð o+ÔjOtw^aW+\*ZfÏ^aW+\½WÂZ]o¦û3d ò WÂo!^*Z]tat_pqð]b[`4W(bc^(ó [ó ^a ûkWMû[W+ob qj[t_Z]^mÔW+>\½d o+ò W+ bcWÂ^mo!\a^ad]tpï{kû[t~ZshZ$W \a"W ò kW(lW+bWÂ{ZhZ]tmtmb[pÔ{ðhbkWÂW(Z]{Ao¦ûxpqb d ò t_^mW(W(oY ^½lpqt | dhb[oWMZ]ðhZ$pqbZhtmtmpqð]bkWÂ{^ad^aûkWMbkWÂZ$\aW(t_^½o+ÔjOtw^aW+\Âó Oóe¢b[{d$fZ$qð]d]\apÔ^mûk`ó pF`iþó Whb W(óZhZdt_j[ò s]\m W(WÂW(o{o!^m^4dhZ$\pq^¢tid]ZÞfkZTt_WYÕlð]W(YkW+o+b[\ap&W(Wx Õtaoet_WpqlYOd]YkbMdh\apÔsbcW(Z$ta^¢tmqpqjkpÔbidhWÂb t^mpq½`iYk\mûkW]+d W(ó¢ [\mW>g>qWxW(d]Zhpq`ib o¦`iûÞd]sd]j[Z$bk\4qqjkvÞt_W¢^mj[j[etm{kW(Z]v]{ t | tmtmpÔd]`ib¼pqqo+Z]d]\m\apÔ\m^wW(viqZ$`i^mpqW(d]Z]b)tmóejk\aeW(ûkt~W+Z$\a\aWWXZ]¢\mj[WÞosqpqZ]{k\mW(pïZZ$^ab3pÔdh{lb[pïtetw^¦^mZ$db[o+^mW9ûk!W Z]b[c{ ñF`iWÂWÂZ$Z$b[\mtñ Z]taZÔðh^ad]pÔdh\ab4pu^aûkZ]b[`S{i½sûkZ$\apïo¦pÔdhûj[fütdho\*dhWbckshZ]W+`4\að]Y[W(Ôb[W¸ofüWeWÂZo\a^mpuj[^a\mW+W¸\apq\¦Z[Z$óUb[e{lû[dh"W` cpqñFbk`ipu^aWÂpqZ$Z]b[ÔpÔtñ pqnc`i^¦Z$YkblÔW(füdh`i\a{W+bc^a Z$^mW(pq{ld]pïb o+Z]jOt_ ÊWÂbk{îfüd]pq\ab `idhZ$jk^m\pïo+tÄ~d]o\ayAïZ]tapqtmt pufüvh6 ó Ôt_!å ^a%Z]:blå+füé d]\¦!{#"ó W({lò jOv ^¦^a½pÔZ$dhûkb[b[pïo+o¦t WTû1füdh`ifü\~WÂWZ{[^a^a\mZjkpï^ao$\mZWÂ|9t^mZ$\¦Yk\aZ$Z]YkbOb[\atwdfü{ldhldh\mpÔ` ``ZZ$pÔ^a^mbkpÔpqpÔdhd]^mbb pïZ$Z$qd$pïb[tmfÞZ${`i^mpqZd]pïtmb)o¦tmûk|¸pqdhbko¦pqð o+ûkWd]spïd]Z$ofqW jkbQWÂd$jkt+fi` |X{lòd]pïYlW+tw\ññ d]fpÔe^mW+ûk\¦WZ^apÔt_dhW(b3ufÏñ¤t_d]^m\aW(ðhY[Z]t(bkó p (pÔb[ðT`Z$Y.n 4½ûkpqo¦ûÿpïtt_pq`ipÔïZ$\ ^abkd W(b ^mûkwW Â]c]ñ¤c`4!ó WÂZ$b[ ¤^TtTpïZ$t qð]Zd]\apÔbk^mW+ûkj[` \aZ]~Zhbkt¼W+^w>Yk\adhd]\mYÕycdhñ ò tmW(Z]{ tmW({ò v `i¸W^mdhû[ûkdQd${ ñ ½ZÞûko+d]pïo¦b û OpÔð]^mjkW(\a\¦Z$Z^m^apqpÔs]dhW(bÔv¸Z]{k`iZ]dYls]^mWÂWÂt{4bk^mdldÞ{l^aWÂûktW9\aW+d Y[ò \m WÂWÂt_o!W(^abht¢^ad$pÔb[fðXZoY[qj[Z$\mt_^m^mpïW(o\ajktï^mZ$d \ {k_(Z$]^ahZhht_W+^(|óXZ$bOe{Aû[WipÔ`in YkqW+`iZ$W+bcqð]^ad]W(\a{ pÔ^mpqûkb ` ^mû[j[WtmW(tm{ d$fÏò ^wevZ$U\aZ$W `
(14) Z"å v]$Õd=å W+6 ^¸<1QZ]$ë ó Êåé%&#"ÿü½½eñ¤ð]W+b[d]`iW]ó ½pó `ipu^Âó WÂ{ljO ò vx^mûkW ûkpÔ^mW+û[W(Z]{ Êb[t_^mpÔ^mjk^mWfüd]\ W({lpïo+Z]> *W(tmW(Z$\¦o¦û)|eZ]tÞjOt_WÂ{îpqbîd]jk\4WQñ YÕ{lpqW+`i\apÔW+`ib[W(tmbhpqd]^¦b[t+óZ]þ'd ò n t_W(\m sZ^aû[pÔdhZhb[t9t Z]bT÷ pqZ$bkbOYk{¼jl^ÞZ$b¼ïZdhv]jlW(\X^mY[o+jld]^9bc^aïZZ]v]pÔbkW(pq\*bkd$(ð f
(15) 'k ñ bk>dlZ]{lo¦ûCWÂtxb[\adQW+{kY[W\mWÂt_û[W(Z]bht^apÔb[Z]bð 1Zhtmtmo+dlÔj[opït_Z^m^mW(WÂ\a){t '[¢ñ¤{ks]pÔW(`i\mpÔW+^_^3bOt_Wpqd]^b[Z$Z]F¸ó½>]]W(pÔ[ðhÂûh!^ ó shðhW(d]o!\a^apu^ad]ûk\+`* óeûkW4füd]qqd½pÔbkð3tw^aW+Y[t¸{lWÂtmo+\mp ò W^aûkWn Z]uñ hóe^aþûkÔWMU~pqbhW+^apqW+ð]\aûcs^Z$s]WÂ- ko!|q^ad].¤\¦ó ,t * Z$\aWÞpqbkpu^apqZ]Ôqv\aZ]b[{ldh`4pïtmW({3pÔb kóeetmW+û[\asW4Ztm^apÔpÔ`idhb pqqZ]÷ \mpÔZ$^wb[v {xò ^mWû[^w~W9W+~W+W+bApqð]Z3ûc^e\aZ]s]b[WÂ{lo!^mdhdh`4\/q* vt_d$W(fÔWÂZ$o!q^aW(bk{Ädld{lòW(tñ pïjOt¼t_WÂo({[Z$!ïóojkïZ^aW({S¢j[oqpï{lW(Z]bý{lpqt_^aZ]b[oW pïtTo+d]`i`id]bkqv.
(16) kó½^meûkûkWWd ~ò W+tmW+pqð]\aûcsZ$^^ms]pqd]W(bîo^mdhpïti\4jkd]YHfX{k^aZûk^aWW({ bkdlZ]{lt W* `idht_^t_pq`i* pÔïZ$\i^a d
(17) ÷ *
(18) !|Õ½ûkW(\mW pqt*^mûkWÔWÂZ$\abkpqbkð\aZ$^mWM½ûkpïo¦û bkò{ldljlW(o+{l^i\mW(W½t>Z]puZ$tm^aW(\aû tMd]jkZ¼dbOshtm{4W+`\¸^mZ$ûk^aqpÔW*Ô`iW(½\ W]pqóbkbkóÄþ pqbketmð`ûkbkWZ$dlqbk{l W+Wbkpqð]W(Z$û pÔ\aðhòW*û d]Z$ò jkïd]tm\adÞj[ûk\mdQjkûkdlYHdQ{ {kdlZ{ Z]^aqW(tmd${d f {lW(o+\mWÂZ]tmW(t~ds]W(\~^mpq`4Whó eZ$b[ûk{WZ$qû[ð]Zdhsh\mW pÔ^mòû[W+` W(bû[\aZ]W+t½YÕo+W(d]Z$`i^mW(Yk{ÞqWfüd]^aW(\{Z$qZ$Qbd ò W+tmYÕW+dl\ao¦sûZ^a½pÔdhûkb[W+t+b¼|Z]t_b[^mW({MY[^atûkW Z$qð]d]\apÔ^mûk` jOt_j[Z]Ôqv\ajkb[t~füdh\*ZïZ$\að]W¸bQjk` ò W(\½d$fW(YOdlo¦û[t(ó ( ùUª(« *c¬ú ö ÄkªÂ%ª *cªÂ%ª 79* ö « W½þ lûkYkð]W+W+\a\aW(b[WtaW~t_ pqW+d]lbpqYktU\ms^aWÂZ$ûktmqW*tmjkpqWÂbQd]t¢jkb`Z$`bOò {Z$W+^m\¢pq\at~pud$ tmfHp (ð]W(W+{b[odhW(
(19) tbh^¦Z$Z$\abOdpqb[{*t# t oò dhv bhpqt^a pÔ^mbQûkjkW½o+dhd]bQj[qjkjkt` `ið]W(ò b[bkW(t(W\ | d$YOf¢W(\mopqdh`ib[W+{lbcpÔ^m^apqt(d]ó~b[et(óXû[WÞþIWoldhYkb[\aW({ltapÔ^mt_pqpqd]d]b¼b3Ykpït\a'd Z [^mqpqW `44W YOfüdhdhpÔ\*bc^9ð]W(pÔbkbÄW d]jk\XodhWblQññ ^aZ$pqb[t½ðhW+bkW¸W+QY[\mWÂtmtmpÔdhbxsZ$qjkWÂtefüd]\ b o¦d]ó½bOe{lûkpu^aWpÔdhob[qt(j[|kt_^m½W(ûk\mpqW+bk\aðW ' füd]\ðhW+bkW Z]b[{odhb[{lpÔ^mpqd] s]scW(pï{loj[^mdhZ]\ )o qj[ot_dh^mW+bh\a^¦pqZ$bkpqðb[t*!Z4ot_W+dh^Xbh^¦d$Z$f pqb[o+Ôtej[Zt_^mW(Y[\m\mpqWÂbk{lðcWt* [½b[W(ûk{W(\mbcW4j[Z$` bò pqW+b[\e{ld$pÔñf oqj[twe^aW+ûk\¦Wý#t "xo+Ôj[½t_ûk^mW(W(\m\mW¸pqbkWÂð'Z]o¦\aûW+Yko\aqj[dl{ltw^aj[W+o\*p ò o+pqd]ÔbcpÔ^w^av Z]pÔb[Zht½tmtmZiW(tatmt_W`i^*W(d]bhf^1ð]W(Z]bkÔðhW(t(d$óñ \mjkpÔ\m^mWûk` ló Yk\medhûkYOW3dct_Z]WÂÔ{ðhd]Z$\abOpu^a{ûkj[` tmW(o+{Z]qpÔo+bjkd]qZ$jk^m\eWÂtÞ~d]^aûk\ayiWpq\mteW(Yktmûk\mdld½{ljObopqp bò pÔq [pÔ^wð]v ñ pÔZ$b[Yk{kYÕWW( Z]\~$1pqb½ûk^mûkpïo¦WÞûita\mZ$W `i[W(W¸oo^aqtj[ûktw^adW+ \½opqb3dhb[{kt_p&pïHt_^mW+W+\abcW+bc^aÔ^*voY[qj[Z$t_pq\a^mtW+\ad]pqfÕbkðhðht(W+óbkWÂ$ t füsWW(lZ]o!\mYk^Mpq\aW(W(\at¸W+tat_Ykpqbpq\ad]dlb^m{lûkYkj[W\mo+d+ppqòbc [pq^mqqW9W(pu^w\mvhsoóZ$W+ bc Êb^a- k\mdh|q [ pqðh.¤{[|)jk\a½d$W4ûkfOlW(^mûk\m| W W½7&o+$ %(Ôj['* t_) +-^m,W(i\Upq^m`itXû[^aW(Z$ûkZ]^ Wb[4tM`i YÕWÂZ]W+Z$Yl\mb ññ YOpqtWÂ^mZ$ûk\¦>W tepÔbW(Z]pqb\atmd]o+Ôb¸jOotw^adhW+\m\a\apÔW+bkïZð ^a/pÔdh.]b |kò ½Wûk^w~pqq1WW+W(03bM2 4 ^mûk4QW~ 75oW(%bh'^a) +-\mdh,7pq6{[75td$%fl'*^a) +7ûk8 W ^m4oW+q j[\apqtwbkZ$^ab[W+:ð \¦{ t> 4 ^m. û[:ó Z$pït*^>^ao+WÂûkZ]Z$qW¸\¦o+t_jkYkdhq\mb Z$d+^m [o+WÂd]q{xW(\at \mj[W(49tmqpqZ$ bk^mðipqZ]d]b[Wb {$cj[ò 4 ZW ^w^a~pÔò dhW+W+b[qW+t¸d]bîbkMð^w>Z$^mb[d¼d4{pÔY[bl\mó+d o [qj[ÔWÂt_tñ. ;=?< >9@ ' 4 '(A 4 . w 032 4 4l 4 6 4 B 49 B 4 . DE. 49C F E G?<>9@ ' H 4C *I h opÔ bk\ajkðcpu^a\MtW+\aY[\mpqW(Z4\mYkdhfü\aYOdhdQdc\*{kt_j[`iWÂ{oW(p òZ]ò tmpqv ÔjkpÔ^w\av¼pÔb[Z$pqðb[b[{ {l^aûkWwW (QtmpqpÔQt`it_!pqpqqóX`iZ]\mepÔpÔï^wZ$û[v \¸pqtXò ^a`idW^wW(~^mZ]ûkW+tmWW(jkb¼\ad Wò o qpïj[W(tXotwZ]^m^apqqW+s]tm\mdW ñ òW+bcZ]^>tmW(o{Tqj[d]t_^mbTW(\mYOpqZ$bkpqðh\mt!½!pït_W4Z$d bOò { W( o!.^M|co½dh`iûkW(Y[\mZ$W*\aZÞpqtmtmd]pqbO`4t½pqïfüZ$d]\a\9pu^w^wv ~òdW+{l^w>pHW(W+W+\mb ñ W+{l pÔp&^mHûkW+Z$W(\ab[\W+J{ bcpqb^Þ/o.^mqû[j[dlWt_o+^mtaoW(Z$j[\a`it¸\at¸pqWb ½o+ûkò Ôj[W(d$t_bî^a^mûMW(Z\LY[pq½b Z$Z]pq\Þò b[d${Nd]^mf~Kû d . òLó 9W( oZ$^ajkbOtÞ\M5{ Z]Z$\m qWð]. dh|Yk\mïd]pÔZ]^m\o+û[W(pq` b{ füso+W(Z$Z]ZbAÔ^aj[jkW½j[\atmd$W(WfÕt^mZ$Zûkb W½tmd$Z]shfÏ\ W(^aò o!W+pÔ^a\Þ^md]\¦\/`iZ$\aOWÂvZ$o+b[bQd]tjkbc^a` d$Z]f*ò pÔbkW+Z]pq\tabkt_ðMd$WÂf½tmotmdho`i\mqj[\aW+W+twbc^aï^MZW+^a\apupÔpÔf½dhb[b^aðhûktMsWxZ$Z$qZbOjksh{ WÂW+t \¦Z]Z$ò qð]tmW+d Wñ ^wj[>t_WÂW({W+bió od]`iY[Z]\mWÂ{Þd ò W(o^atUpÔb4^aûkW½{l&p HW+\aW+bc^ oqj[t_^mW(\mpqbkðht(|pït ^mþt_W+YÕ\aW(`ipqo+bk&pWÂð¼ [Z]WÂtmpï{ÞjktÞ\mpq^aW9bûkd$W%W f$hZjOûkshZdW+^mC\¦pqZ$d]oð]bdhW4k`i½|Y[½pÔZ]^mûkûkoW(^>pqbl\m^a!W ñÊûkoPXWMqj[Wotwpïq^atj[W+ tw\i^aj[W+{lo+\¦pïÔtetwpï^¦{lZ$Z$WÂ\ab[Z$WXo+bÞQWpqb{lP-pïZitwRS3^¦TVoZ$Uqb[j[o+Zht_Wtñ pÔZ]ob qo+j[o+ZTtwd]^a\¦W+o+{l[\ Ôpqj[bkat_ðxó ^mW(^a\\mdpqbkSR WTVðOU3$c|¢j[pqZ$Ztb[^a&{ZpÔdhs]bTW+Z\¦OXZ$|Yðhpqt]W"¼^aPXpïûkt9RSWTV^mUûkbcWfüj[d]` bQ\jkò Z]` W+Ô~\iò oW(d$q\Mj[ft_d$Y[^mfe\mW++d\aopq [qbkj[ÔðhWÂtwt^atMW+pqpq\¦bb t Z$bWlYÕW+\apÔ`iW+bc^Âó B. P RSTVU . . G "_`>^ @. ¤©6÷[* ¬ OZ]ú ö ÔUñÊod]` ò pqb[Z^apÔdhb[t¢d]fo+ÔjOtw^aW+\apÔbkðct!Z$b[{j . ¤÷O¬ Z$qñ¤o+d]` ò pÔb[Z$^mpqd]b[t>d$fYk\ad' [qW(t 4 Z]b[{ 4 . © * Õú ö ú 4 Z]b[{ 4 Z$YkYÕW(Z]\½pÔbtaZ$`iWMoqj[tw^aW+\*pqbjL 6© * Oú ö hkilh 1 O(m 032 4 4l 75%'n) +-,o6 75%'p) +X8 *ö ø i *ö ø *ö ø $ irqts O q O uxw 6zy?y`6 h|{7q } h v Upqð]jk\aWÞl ½W(Yk\mdl{ljOop ò pÔqpÔ^wvxZ]tat_WÂtmtm`iW+bc^*Z$qð]dh\mpÔ^mûk`ó hi. . . DE. F E G?<>9@ ' '(A I c ^¦þ kZ$ó#bkb[\Qd$o+^aWvRûkP-W+S R \½S `ipïtW(füZZhd]sht_\Uj[W+Z\¦\mZ$W9o+ðhÔpqj[W t~t_PX^a^mûkW(R \mWMS pqbk`ð*füZdh½l\û[pq`Z$pqo¦qjkûÞ` o+pïÔtUj[½t_t_ûk^mpÔ^mdW(û[\m½pqpÔbkblbñÊðcpÔot*bÞqj[pqW%b¼t_$c^mj[W(Z$\Zb^a{lpÔWdhpïQtwb ññ YÕW+\apÔ`iW(bh^Âó 4 ~6 P W 9. 4. . 4 6 4 q 6zy?y`6 " 6y`y?6 [ -n Þ1 6y`y?6 [ { F ] etmjkûk\aWiW*d$Zfs]W(û[\adZ] ð]W tmW+ò YOWZ$^w~\¦ZW+^mW(WÂbl{4ñÊo^mqûkj[W¸tw^aoW+q\Mj[t_{l^mpïW(tw\a^¦t>Z$b[d$fo+W]ZP7oSqj[TVUtw^aW+pïtM\apÔZb[ð`4Z$WÂ\aZW]ñ | Z]b[{pïtX{lW [bkWÂ{¼pqb¼W $cj[Z$^mpqd]b[t9^aûk\mdhjkð]ûÄkó \xS TVU pït¸Zshñ W(\aZ]ð]WPXSTVUÞfüd]\*Z$qo+Ôj[t_^mW(\mpqbkðct>pqbZ$bWlYÕW+\apÔ`iW(bh^Âó G G G G P W 4 6 4 h P S3TVU ^ . ^ b d bY ?>9@ >9@ >@ A >9@ P R S. . Xw s P W. . . G. G G G . ^ @ b 9 `>9^ @ . >9 > d @ Ab > @Y. ¤$. #d]pÔf|^mûkW(M \m½ pïtmW h eo+Ôj[ûkWt_^mW(`i\mpqpqbkbkðOpq`|*jkZ]tx` tmYÕò W(Wo^wp~ [W+WÂW+{ bkñ¤pÔo+b1Ôj[W%t_$c^mW(j[\TZ^a{lpÔdhpïtwb1^¦Z$kb[|*o+WMpïtxPXZ `im WÂZ]füd]tm\Tjk\mZW pq{lb[pH{lpïW+o+\aZ$W+^mbcpq^ÞbkðMoq^mj[û[twW^aW+t_\¦`t+ó]Z]Ô\QqW(t_ ^>{lpïpqtwtM^¦Z$Zb[sho+W+W \¦Z$ò ð]W[W ^w~PXW+ W+bi^wfü~dhdÞ\¸ðhZ]W+Ô bko+WÂÔtjOpÔtwb ñ m ^aW+\apÔbkðct~pÔbZ$bW+QYÕW+\apq`4W( bcm ^(ó P m h s P W 4 6 4 q 6y`y?6 " ] 6zy?y`6 " 6zy?y`6 n 6zy?y`6 .p5 { h ^aeVXdûkj ^aWò ûkW(WM{lt¸pï`it_(^ahW(Z$]Z]bOctmojk!WA| \aòW(`it~jlW(^oZ]dhZ$tm`4\ajkWYO\aW(WÂZ]t3Z]o!^atmpqpÔbkbhW(W(^a\~ta\mte^mdld4{lZ$jOb[pÔ`io{W(Yk{pïqt_W+dh`iûkqZ$W(W+^m\mbcpqW d]^ÂbÄó>Z$\ag> WA
(20) hd]Z]`it_pÔpqb`iY[Z]Z$pÔïobOZ$^_{ \ñ bktmjkWÂ\atmWxtMd$t_fXpq`i^mûkpÔïWZ$\epqbc^a^mdiW+\a½b[puZ]^a~ûkpÔo+bkd]ñ¤ûko+ÔWÂj[t_t_pqd]^mW(b \d${lfpïtwd ^¦òZ$b[ W(o+oW ^at4P-RpÔb ~pïZ t*Z4oqj[`4twWÂ^aW+Z\ñ ½o+Ôûkj[W(t_^m\mW(WÂ\½Z]t{lpq^mt_û[^aZ]Wb[pqotmW d]ïP7Zm^a>pÔdh`ib W(YkZh\at_d]j[YÕ\mWÂW+t¢\m^w^avCûkWMt_t_pqW(`iY[pÔZ$ïZ$\¦\iZ^a^apÔdhd b ò ò W+W^w^w>~W(W+W+W+blb ñ Zioqj[t_^mW(\*Z$b[{d$^aûkW+\*o+Ôj[t_^mW(\at(ó @ G G P W 4 6 4 6c k«(k%ª *c«(ª. [_aZ ÿÂcbdf>9e @ A >Yb3g9 d @ e{lj[~\mdîpqbkð{lp Õ^mûkW(Wi\mW(Wbhl^YÕYkW+\aj pÔò `iqpqW(o+bhÔv^¦t+ó Zs Z$pqbkqZW4ò d$qW¼f>^m{kûkZWÂ^¦t_Z]WitmWpït9^at^mûk>WW(\m{kWZ$^aj[Z]tmtmW(W{ ^ .. .
(21) d$j[ft_WÂ^m{ ûkWò "v )ñ¤Z]h`iiZ`4vhdldî{lW(W)^füZ$dhF\ó9ûk_W((`ih]Z$h^mdh|*YOdhZ$pÔb[W+{1^mpïoÞ>{lW pÕZ$W(Yk\mYkW(qbhpq^aW(pq{ Z$^m^apqd]ûkb W j^m[tmW+Z]t_\`4pqbk\mW½ð4W(s`i^mZ]û[d\mWMpïs]Zí9W(^a{ÿpÔW(dhbkbðhW(W+o+ ObkÔujOWÂ^atW+tw^a\¢W+½Z]\MpÔb[^m]û{ió 4bkWt_d]ld]\aYkfÏ`\a^w~W(Z$taqZ]tmpq\mtapÔdhWhZbÿóU^apÔedhsbÞûkZ]W¸Ô^ajkdMsWÂZ$^mt ûk\apïòWXZW+^m{kqpqdZd]^¦b Z]tm [$WÔ ^ñ Z$$hb[j[{ÿd$^mpqZ W+ò bcd^ s]ò WW+^w$>]hW(W+]bT[?ó ^mûk ¤W4^`Z]qZtmdÄlpÔ`\aW+jk`i` dshZ$W(bO{ {¼ðh`iW+bkpÔWÂb[tpÔ`½jkû[`
(22) W+\aWxsZ$^aqjkûkWW pqpÔ`t ò jkW(`&Ôd Z]b[Þ{AZ]`ib[{ipÔb[½pÔ`ûkjkW+\a`8We^msû[Z]WÔjk{lWxpÕpqW(t \mòW(b[W+qodW ò W(^wh~kW+óxW(bie^mûkûkWxWXÔ`pqbkZW(Z]Q\ñ bkYOd]W(\_\afü`dh\mZ$`iqpqtaW(Z{ ^apÔZdhfÏb9^aW+Y[\9\mdl^mû[oWÂW{lsjkZ]\a\mW¢pïZZ]^ao(pÔodhdhb \a{l [pqÔbk^mðeW(\(^aóideW $cûkj[WiZ$^mYkpq\ad]d'b [ÂqW ½3~Zhpïtt ^m`iûkZ]WÞÔpïW+talZYk^mpq\md]WÂb3tmtmYkpqd]\abxdloshW(W({kojk^m\md]W¸\ \aò W(WtmfüjkdhÔ\m^aWMteb[pqb d]\a4 `iZ]ÔpïitaZZ$^mb[pqd]{ bóIeû[WM]bkó d]\mñ + 3 3 4 C C wÂh ð^m]ûkW+Z]
Related documents
Links between publications can be calculated in different ways, as direct citations, bibliographic coupling (the number of common references between two publications) or
möjligtvis vara en till orsak varför artklassificeringen för dessa prov blir lägre än för Listeria, vilket är ungefär 90% för Campylobacter och ~ 80% för STEC.. En annan
The result was an efficient clustering algorithm that has high recall precision against a Google News corpus; thus the algorithm is as- sumed to be similar to the one Google News
Anne Ladegaard-Skov, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Denmark, Chair EuroEAP 2016 Toribio Otero, Technical University of Cartagena, Spain, Chair EuroEAP 2017. Claire
The main method based on time series data from Section 3.2.1 is fundamentally different from the methods based on local parameter perturbation data. The ap- plication of control
Detta har gjort att GETRAG AWD AB bestämt sig för att genomföra en energikartläggning av ett produktionsflöde för att kunna visa på var i processkedjan de största
Syftet är av utforskande karaktär vilket märks i arbetet genom att det lyfter upp bakomliggande teman och mönster för att utforska vad som påverkar anskaffningsprocessen
Resultat från utomhusförsöken visar att glasytorna på samtliga fyra glasrutor efter ca 1 års exponering har fått fläckar som inte kan tas bort via rengöring med vatten eller