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Encyclopedia of

Artificial Intelligence

Juan Ramón Rabuñal Dopico University of A Coruña, Spain Julián Dorado de la Calle University of A Coruña, Spain Alejandro Pazos Sierra

University of A Coruña, Spain

Hershey • New York

InformatIon ScI

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Director of Editorial Content: Kristin Klinger Managing Development Editor: Kristin Roth

Development Editorial Assistant: Julia Mosemann, Rebecca Beistline Senior Managing Editor: Jennifer Neidig

Managing Editor: Jamie Snavely

Assistant Managing Editor: Carole Coulson

Typesetter: Jennifer Neidig, Amanda Appicello, Cindy Consonery

Cover Design: Lisa Tosheff

Printed at: Yurchak Printing Inc.

Published in the United States of America by

Information Science Reference (an imprint of IGI Global) 701 E. Chocolate Avenue, Suite 200

Hershey PA 17033 Tel: 717-533-8845 Fax: 717-533-8661 E-mail: cust@igi-global.com

Web site: http://www.igi-global.com/reference and in the United Kingdom by

Information Science Reference (an imprint of IGI Global) 3 Henrietta Street

Covent Garden London WC2E 8LU Tel: 44 20 7240 0856 Fax: 44 20 7379 0609

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Copyright © 2009 by IGI Global. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or distributed in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without written permission from the publisher.

Product or company names used in this set are for identification purposes only. Inclusion of the names of the products or companies does not indicate a claim of ownership by IGI Global of the trademark or registered trademark.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Encyclopedia of artificial intelligence / Juan Ramon Rabunal Dopico, Julian Dorado de la Calle, and Alejandro Pazos Sierra, editors.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Summary: "This book is a comprehensive and in-depth reference to the most recent developments in the field covering theoretical developments, tech- niques, technologies, among others"--Provided by publisher.

ISBN 978-1-59904-849-9 (hardcover) -- ISBN 978-1-59904-850-5 (ebook)

1. Artificial intelligence--Encyclopedias. I. Rabunal, Juan Ramon, 1973- II. Dorado, Julian, 1970- III. Pazos Sierra, Alejandro.

Q334.2.E63 2008 006.303--dc22

2008027245

British Cataloguing in Publication Data

A Cataloguing in Publication record for this book is available from the British Library.

All work contributed to this encyclopedia set is new, previously-unpublished material. The views expressed in this encyclopedia set are those of the authors, but not necessarily of the publisher.

If a library purchased a print copy of this publication, please go to http //www.igi-global.com/agreement for information on activating the library's complimentary electronic access to this publication.

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Editorial Advisory Board

Juan Ríos Carrión

Polytechnical University of Madrid, Spain Anselmo del Moral

University of Deusto, Spain Daniel Manrique Gamo

Polytechnical University of Madrid, Spain Juan Pazos Sierra

Polytechnical University of Madrid, Spain Jose Crespo del Arco

Polytechnical University of Madrid, Spain Norberto Ezquerra

Georgia Institute of Technology, USA

Lluís Jofre

Polytechnical University of Catalunya, Spain

Peter Smith

University of Sunderland, UK

Paul M. Chapman University of Hull, UK

Ana Belén Porto Pazos University of A Coruña, Spain

Javier Pereira

University of A Coruña, Spain

Stefano Cagnoni

Università degli Studi de Parma, Italy

Jose María Barreiro Sorrivas

Polytechnical University of Madrid, Spain

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List of Contributors

Adorni, Giovanni / Università degli Studi di Genova, Italy ...840, 848 Akkaladevi, Somasheker / Virginia State University, USA ...940, 945, 1330 Al-Ahmadi, Mohammad Saad / King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM),

Saudi Arabia ...1323

Aliaga, Ramón J. / Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain ...1576

Alías, Francesc / Universitat Ramon Llull, Spain ...541, 788 Alonso-Betanzos, Amparo / University of A Coruña, Spain ...632

Alonso Hernández, Jesús Bernardino / University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain ...1266, 1439 Alonso-Weber, Juan Manuel / Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain ...554

Alsina Pagès, Rosa Maria / Universitat Ramon Llull, Spain ...719

Alvarellos González, Alberto / University of A Coruña, Spain ...167

Amarger, Véronique / University of Paris, France ...131

Amari, Shun-ichi / Brain Science Institute, Japan ...318

Ambrósio, Paulo Eduardo / Santa Cruz State University, Brazil...157

Anagnostou, Miltiades / National Technical University of Athens, Greece ...1429, 1524 Andrade, Javier / University of A Coruña, Spain ...975

Andrade, José Manuel / University of A Coruña, Spain ...581

Ang, Kai Keng / Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore ...1396

Ang Jr., Marcelo H. / National University of Singapore, Singapore ...1072, 1080 Angulo, Cecilio / Technical University of Catalonia, Spain ...1095, 1518 Anselma, Luca / Università di Torino, Italy ...396

Arcay, Bernardino / University of A Coruña, Spain ...710

Ares, Juan / University of A Coruña, Spain ...982

Armstrong, Alice J. / The George Washington University, USA ...65

Arquero, Águeda / Technical University of Madrid, Spain...781

Aunet, Snorre / University of Oslo, Norway & Centers for Neural Inspired Nano Architectures, Norway ...1474, 1555 Azzini, Antonia / University of Milan, Italy ...575

Badidi, Elarbi / United Arab Emirates University, UAE ...31

Bagchi, Kallol / University of Texas at El Paso, USA...51

Bajo, Javier / Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca, Spain ...1327

Barajas, Sandra E. / Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica Óptica y Electrónica, Mexico ...867

Barron, Lucia / Instituto Tecnologico de Culiacan, Mexico ...860

Barták, Roman / Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic ...404

Barton, Alan J. / National Research Council Canada, Canada ...1205, 1589 Becerra, J. A. / University of A Coruña, Spain ...603

Bedia, Manuel G. / University of Zaraogoza, Spain ...256

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Beiu, Valeriu / United Arab Emirates University, UAE ...471

Bel Enguix, Gemma / Rovira i Virgili University, Spain ...1173

Belanche Muñoz, Lluís A. / Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Spain ...639, 1004, 1012 Berge, Hans Kristian Otnes / University of Oslo, Norway ...1485

Bernier, Joel / SAGEM REOSC, France ...131

Berrones, Arturo / Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Mexico ...1462

Bershtein, Leonid S. / Taganrog Technological Institute of Southern Federal University, Russia...704

Bessalah, Hamid / Center de Développement des Technologies Avancées (CDTA), Algérie ...831

Beynon, Malcolm J. / Cardiff University, UK ...443, 696 Bhatnagar, Vasudha / University of Delhi, India ...76, 172 Blanco, Ángela / Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca, Spain ...561

Blanco, Francisco J. / Juan Canalejo Hospital, Spain ...1583

Blasco, X. / Polytechnic University of Valencia, Spain ...1296

Boonthum, Chutima / Hampton University, USA ...1253

Bouridene, Ahmed. / Queens University of Belfast, Ireland ...831

Boyer-Xambeu, Marie-Thérèse / Université de Paris VII – LED, France ...996

Bozhenyuk, Alexander V. / Taganrog Technological Institute of Southern Federal University, Russia ...704

Brest, Janez / University of Maribor, Slovenia ...488

Bueno, Raúl Vicen / University of Alcalá, Spain ...933, 956 Bueno García, Gloria / University of Castilla – La Mancha, Spain ...367, 547 Buruncuk, Kadri / Near East University, Turkey ...1596

Cadenas, José M. / Universidad de Murcia, Spain ...480

Cagnoni, Stefano / Università degli Studi di Parma, Italy ...840, 848, 1303 Çakıcı, Ruket / ICCS School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, UK ...449

Canto, Rosalba Cuapa / Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Mexico ...1370, 1426 Carballo, Rodrigo / University of Santiago de Conpatela, Spain ...1603

Carbonero, M. / INSA – ETEA, Spain ...1136

Cardot, Hubert / University François-Rabelais of Tours, France ...520

Castillo, Luis F. / National University, Colombia ...256

Castro Ponte, Alberte / University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain...144, 759 Castro, Alfonso / University of A Coruña, Spain ...710

Castro-Bleda, María José / Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain ...231

Cepero, M. / University of Granada, Spain ...910

Chapman, Paul M. / University of Hull, UK...536

Charrier, Christophe / University of Caen Basse-Normandie, France ...520

Chen, Qiyang / Montclair State University, USA ...418, 963, 1036 Chen, Guanrong / City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ...688, 734 Chen, Sherry Y. / Brunel University, UK ...437

Chikhi, Nassim / Center de Développement des Technologies Avancées (CDTA), Algérie ...831

Chiong, Raymond / Swinburne University of Technology, Sarawak Campus, Malaysia ...1562

Chrysostomou, Kyriacos / Brunel University, UK ...437

Colomo, Ricardo / Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain ...1064

Corchado, Juan M. / University of Salamanca, Spain ...256, 1316 Coupland, Sarah / Royal Liverpool University Hospital, UK ...390

Crespo, Jose / Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain ...1102

Cruz-Corona, Carlos / Universidad de Granada, Spain ...480

Cuéllar, M. P. / Universidad de Granada, Spain ...1152

Culhane, Aedín C. / Harvard School of Public Health, USA ...65

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Curra, Alberto / University of A Coruña, Spain ...110

Damato, Bertil / Royal Liverpool University Hospital, UK ...390

Danciu, Daniela / University of Craiova, Romania ...1212

Danielson, Mats / Stockholm University, Sweden & Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden ...431

Das, Sanjoy / Kansas State University, USA ...1145, 1191 Davis, Darryl N. / University of Hull, UK ...536

de la Mata Moya, David / University of Alcalá, Spain ...933

de la Rosa Turbides, Tomás / Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain ...1024

Deleplace, Ghislain / Université de Paris VIII – LED, France ...996

Delgado, M. / Universidad de Granada, Spain ...1152

Delgado, Soledad / Technical University of Madrid, Spain ...781

Del-Moral-Hernandez, Emilio / University of São Paulo, Brazil ...275

Deng, Pi-Sheng / California State University at Stanislaus, USA ...748, 1504 Déniz Suárez, Oscar / University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain ...367

Dhurandher, Sanjay Kumar / University of Delhi, India ...589, 1530 di Pierro, Francesco / University of Exeter, UK ...1042

Díaz Martín, José Fernando / University of Deusto, Spain ...344

Díaz Pernas, F. J. / University of Valladolid, Spain ...1490, 1497 Díez Higuera, J. F. / University of Valladolid, Spain ...1490, 1497 Diuk, Carlos / Rutgers University, USA ...825

Djebbari, Amira / National Research Council Canada, Canada ...65

Dorado de la Calle, Julián / University of A Coruña, Spain ...377, 1273 Dornaika, Fadi / Institut Géographique National, France ...625

Douglas, Angela / Liverpool Women’s Hospital, UK ...390

Duro, R. J. / University of A Coruña, Spain ...603

Edelkamp, Stefan / University of Dortmund, Germany ...501, 1549 Ein-Dor, Phillip / Tel-Aviv University, Israel ...327, 334 Ekenberg, Love / Stockholm University, Sweden & Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden ...431

Eleuteri, Antonio / Royal Liverpool University Hospital, UK ...390

Encheva, Sylvia / Haugesund University College, Norway ...1610

Erdogmus, Deniz / Northeastern University, USA ...902

Esmahi, Larbi / Athabasca University, Canada ...31

España-Boquera, Salvador / Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain ...231

Ezquerra, Norberto / Georgia Institute of Technology, USA ...1290

Fan, Liwei / National University of Singapore, Singapore ...879

Farah, Ahcene / Ajman University, UAE ...831

Faundez-Zanuy, Marcos / Escola Universitària Politècnica de Mataró, Spain ...262

Fernández, J. Álvaro / University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain ...45, 218 Fernandez-Blanco, Enrique / University of A Coruña, Spain ...377, 744, 1583 Ferrer, Miguel A. / University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain ...270, 1232 Figueiredo, Karla / UERJ, Brazil ...808, 817 Flauzino, Rogerio A. / University of São Paulo, Brazil ...1121

Flores, Dionicio Zacarías / Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Mexico ...1370, 1426 Flores, Fernando Zacarías / Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, México ...1370, 1426 Flores-Badillo, Marina / CINVESTAV Unidad Guadalajara, Mexico ...1615

Flórez-Revuelta, Francisco / University of Alicante, Spain ...1363

Fontenla-Romero, Oscar / University of A Coruña, Spain ...667

Formiga, Lluís / Universitat Ramon Llull, Spain ...788 Fornarelli, Girolamo / Politecnico di Bari, Italy ...206, 211

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Fuster-Garcia, E. / Polytechnic University of Valencia, Spain ...1296

Gadea, Rafael / Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain ...1576

Garanina, Natalia / Russian Academy of Science, Institute of Informatics Systems, Russia ...1089

García, Ángel / Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain ...1064

García, Rafael / University of A Coruña, Spain ...982

García González, Antonio / University of Alcalá, Spain ...956

García-Chamizo, Juan Manuel / University of Alicante, Spain ...1363

García-Córdova, Francisco / Polytechnic University of Cartagena (UPCT), Spain ...1197

Garcia-Raffi, L. M. / Polytechnic University of Valencia, Spain ...1296

García-Rodríguez, José / University of Alicante, Spain ...1363

Garrido, Mª Carmen / Universidad de Murcia, Spain ...480

Garro, Alfredo / University of Calabria, Italy ...1018

Gaubert, Patrice / Université de Paris 12 – ERUDITE, France ...996

Gavrilova, M. L. / University of Calgary, Canada ...9

Geem, Zong Woo / Johns Hopkins University, USA ...803

Gelbard, Roy / Bar-Ilan University, Israel ...796

George, E. Olusegun / University of Memphis, USA ...304, 312 Gerek, Ömer Nezih / Anadolu University Eskisehir, Turkey ...1433

Gestal, Marcos / University of A Coruña, Spain ...581, 647 Giaquinto, Antonio / Politecnico di Bari, Italy ...206, 211 Gil Pita, Roberto / University of Alcalá, Spain ...933, 956 Gillard, Lucien / CNRS – LED, France ...996

Giret, Jean-Francois / CEREQ, France ...1029

Gómez, Gabriel / University of Zurich, Switzerland ...464

Gómez, Juan M. / Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain ...1064

Gómez-Carracedo, Mari Paz / University of A Coruña, Spain ...647

González-Fonteboa, Belén / University of A Coruña, Spain ...526

González, Evelio J. / University of La Laguna, Spain ...917

González, Roberto / University of Castilla – La Mancha, Spain ...547

Gonzalez-Abril, Luis / Technical University of Catalonia, Spain ...1518

González Bedia-Fonteboa, Manuel / University of Zaragoza, Spain ...256

González-Castolo, Juan Carlos / CINVESTAV Unidad Guadalajara, Mexico ...677

González de la Rosa, Juan J. / Universities of Cádiz-Córdoba, Spain ...1226

González Ortega, D. / University of Valladolid, Spain ...1490, 1497 Gonzalo, Consuelo / Technical University of Madrid, Spain ...781

Graesser, Art / The University of Memphis, USA ...1179

Grošek, Otokar / Slovak University of Technology, Slovakia ...179, 186 Guerin-Dugue, Anne / GIPSA-lab, France ...1244

Guerrero-González, Antonio / Polytechnic University of Cartagena (UPCT), Spain ...1197

Guijarro-Berdiñas, Bertha / University of A Coruña, Spain ...667

Guillen, A. / University of Granada, Spain ...910

Gupta, Anamika / University of Delhi, India ...76

Gutiérrez, P.A. / University of Córdoba, Spain ...1136

Gutiérrez Sánchez, Germán / Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain ...554

Halang, Wolfgang A. / Fernuniversitaet in Hagen, Germany ...1049

Hammer, Barbara / Technical University of Clausthal, Germany ...1337

Hee, Lee Gim / DSO National Laboratories, Singapore ...1072, 1080 Herrador, Manuel F. / University of A Coruña, Spain ...118

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Herrera, Carlos / Intelligent Systems Research Centre, University of Ulster, North Ireland ...1376

Herrera, L. J. / University of Granada, Spain...910

Herrero, J. M. / Polytechnic University of Valencia, Spain ...1296

Hervás, C. / University of Córdoba, Spain ...1136

Hocaoğlu, Fatih Onur / Anadolu University Eskisehir, Turkey ...1433

Hong, Wei-Chiang / Oriental Institute of Technology, Taiwan ...410

Hopgood, Adrian A. / De Montfort University, UK ...989

Ho-Phuoc, Tien / GIPSA-lab, France ...1244

Huang, Xiaoyu / University of Shanghai for Science & Technology, China ...51

Huber, Franz / California Institute of Technology, USA ...1351

Ibáñez, Óscar / University of A Coruña, Spain ...383, 759 Ibrahim, Walid / United Arab Emirates University, UAE ...471

Iftekharuddin, Khan M. / University of Memphis, USA ...304, 312 Ingber, Lester / Lester Ingber Research, USA ...58

Iglesias, Gergorio / University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain ...1603

Ionescu, Laurenţiu / University of Pitesti, Romania ...609

Ip, Horace H. S. / City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong ...1

Iriondo, Ignasi / Universitat Ramon Llull, Spain ...541

Islam, Atiq / University of Memphis, USA ...304, 312 Izeboudjen, Nouma / Center de Développement des Technologies Avancées (CDTA), Algérie ...831

Jabbar, Shahid / University of Dortmund, Germany ...501

Jabr, Samir / Near East University, Turkey ...1596

Janković-Romano, Mario / University of Belgrade, Serbia ...950

Jarabo Amores, María Pilar / University of Alcalá, Spain ...933

Jaspe, Alberto / University of A Coruña, Spain ...873

Jiang, Jun / City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong ...1

Jiménez Celorrio, Sergio / Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain ...1024

Jiménez López, M. Dolores / Rovira i Virgili University, Spain ...1173

Joo, Young Hoon / Kunsan National University, Korea ...688, 734 Kaburlasos, Vassilis G. / Technological Educational Institution of Kavala, Greece ...1238

Kačič, Zdravko / University of Maribor, Slovenia ...1467

Kärnä, Tuomas / Helsinki University of Technology, Finland ...661

Katangur, Ajay K. / Texas A&M University – Corpus Christi, USA ...1330

Khashman, Adnan / Near East University, Turkey ...1596

Khu, Soon-Thiam / University of Exeter, UK ...1042

Kleinschmidt, João H. / State University of Campinas, Brazil ...755

Klimanek, David / Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic ...567

Kochhar, Sarabjeet / University of Delhi, India ...172

Kovács, Szilveszter / University of Miskolc, Hungary ...728

Kovács, László / University of Miskolc, Hungary ...654, 1130 Krčadinac, Uroš / University of Belgrade, Serbia ...950

Kroc, Jiří / Section Computational Science, The University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands...353

Kumar, Naveen / University of Delhi, India ...76

Kurban, Mehmet / Anadolu University Eskisehir, Turkey ...1433

Lama, Manuel / University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain ...138, 1278 Law, Ngai-Fong / The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong ...289

Lazarova-Molnar, Sanja / United Arab Emirates University, UAE ...471

Lebrun, Gilles / University of Caen Basse-Normandie, France ...520

Ledezma Espino, Agapito / Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain ...554

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Lee, Man Wai / Brunel University, UK...437

Lendasse, Amaury / Helsinki University of Technology, Finland ...661

Leung, C. W. / The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong ...1568

Levinstein, Irwin B. / Old Dominion University, USA ...1253

Levy, Simon D. / Washington and Lee University, USA ...514

Lezoray, Olivier / University of Caen Basse-Normandie, France ...520

Liang, Faming / Texas A&M University, USA ...1482

Liew, Alan Wee-Chung / Griffith University, Australia ...289

Lisboa, Paulo J.G. / Liverpool John Moores University, UK ...71

Littman, Michael / Rutgers University, USA...825

Liu, Xiaohui / Brunel University, UK ...437

Lopes, Heitor Silvério / Federal University of Technology, Brazil ...596

López, M. Gloria / University of A Coruña, Spain ...110

López-Mellado, Ernesto / CINVESTAV Unidad Guadalajara, Mexico ...677, 1615 López-Rodríguez, Domingo / University of Málaga, Spain ...1112

Losada Rodriguez, Miguel Ángel / University of Granada, Spain ...144

Loula, Angelo / State University of Feira de Santana, Brazil & State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil ...1543

Loureiro, Javier Pereira / University of A Coruña, Spain ...1283, 1290 Lukomski, Robert / Wroclaw University of Technology, Poland ...1356

Lungarella, Max / University of Zurich, Switzerland ...464

Luo, Xin / The University of New Mexico, USA ...940, 945, 1330 Madani, Kurosh / University of Paris, France ...131

Madureira, Ana Marie / Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal ...853

Magliano, Joseph P. / Northern Illinois University, USA ...1253

Magoulas, George D. / University of London, UK ...1411

Magro, Diego / Università di Torino, Italy ...396

Maitra, Anutosh / Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and Communication Technology, India ...494

Mandl, Thomas / University of Hildesheim, Germany...151

Manrique, Daniel / Inteligencia Artificial, Facultad de Informatica, UPM, Spain ...767

Marichal, G. Nicolás / University of La Laguna, Spain ...917

Marín-García, Fulgencio / Polytechnic University of Cartagena (UPCT), Spain ...1197

Martínez, Antonio / University of Castilla – La Mancha, Spain ...547

Martínez, Elisa / Universitat Ramon Llull, Spain ...541

Martínez, Estíbaliz / Technical University of Madrid, Spain ...781

Martínez, Jorge D. / Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain ...1576

Martínez, Mª Isabel / University of A Coruña, Spain ...118

Martínez-Abella, Fernando / University of A Coruña, Spain ...526

Martínez Carballo, Manuel / University of A Coruña, Spain ...532

Martínez-Estudillo, F.J. / INSA – ETEA, Spain ...1136

Martínez-Feijóo, Diego / University of A Coruña, Spain ...1583

Martínez Romero, Marcos / University of A Coruña, Spain ...1283, 1290 Martínez-Zarzuela, M. / University of Valladolid, Spain ...1490, 1497 Martín-Guerrero, José D. / University of Valencia, Spain ...71

Martín-Merino, Manuel / Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca, Spain ...561

Mateo, Fernando / Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain ...1576

Mateo Segura, Clàudia / Universitat Ramon Llull, Spain ...719

Mato, Virginia / University of A Coruña, Spain ...110

Maučec, Mirjam Sepesy / University of Maribor, Slovenia ...1467

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Mazare, Alin / University of Pitesti, Romania ...609

McCarthy, Philip / The University of Memphis, USA ...1179

McGinnity, Thomas M. / Intelligent Systems Research Centre, University of Ulster, North Ireland ...1376

McNamara, Danielle S. / The University of Memphis, USA ...1253

Meged, Avichai / Bar-Ilan University, Israel ...796

Méndez Salgueiro, José Ramón / University of A Coruña, Spain ...532

Meng, Hai-Dong / Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, China ...297

Mérida-Casermeiro, Enrique / University of Málaga, Spain ...1112

Mesejo, Pablo / University of A Coruña, Spain ...1583

Michalewicz, Zbigniew / The University of Adelaide, Australia ...16

Miguélez Rico, Mónica / University of A Coruña, Spain ...236, 241, 1273 Millis, Keith K. / The University of Memphis, USA ...1253

Misra, Sudip / Yale University, USA ...589, 1530 Mohammadian, M. / University of Canberra, Australia ...456, 1510 Monzó, José Mª / Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain ...1576

Morales Moreno, Aythami / University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain ...1259

Mordonini, Monica / Università degli Studi di Parma, Italy ...840, 848, 1303 Moreno-Muñoz, A. / Universities of Cádiz-Córdoba, Spain ...1226

Muñoz, Enrique / Universidad de Murcia, Spain ...480

Muñoz, Luis Miguel Guzmán / Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Mexico ...1370, 1426 Mussi, Luca / Università degli Studi di Perugia, Italy ...840, 848 Mutihac, Radu / University of Bucharest, Romania ...22, 223, 1056 Narula, Prayag / University of Delhi, India ...589, 1530 Neto, João José / Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil ...37

Nitta, Tohru / AIST, Japan ...361

Nóvoa, Francisco J. / University of A Coruña, Spain ...110

Oja, Erkki / Helsinki University of Technology, Finland ...1343

Olteanu, Madalina / Université de Paris I – CES SAMOS, France ...996

Ortiz-de-Lazcano-Lobato, Juan M. / University of Málaga, Spain ...1112

Pacheco, Marco / PUC-Rio, Brazil...808, 817 Panigrahi, Bijaya K. / Indian Institute of Technology, India ...1145

Papaioannou, Ioannis / National Technical University of Athens, Greece ...1418, 1524 Pazos Montañés, Félix / University of A Coruña, Spain ...167

Pazos Sierra, Alejandro / University of A Coruña, Spain ...1283

Pedreira, Nieves / University of A Coruña, Spain ...532

Pegalajar, M. C. / University of Granada, Spain ...1152

Pelta, David A. / Universidad de Granada, Spain ...480

Peña, Dexmont / Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Mexico...1462

Peng, Chun-Cheng / University of London, UK ...1411

Pérez, Juan L. / University of A Coruña, Spain ...118, 526 Pérez, Óscar / Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain ...282

Pérez-Sánchez, Beatriz / University of A Coruña, Spain ...667

Periscal, David / University of A Coruña, Spain ...618

Perl, Juergen / University of Mainz, Germany ...1212

Peters, Georg / Munich University of Applied Sciences, Germany ...774

Piana, Michele / Universita’ di Verona, Italy ...372

Planet, Santiago / Universitat Ramon Llull, Spain ...541

Poggi, Agostino / Università di Parma, Italy ...1404

Poh, Kim Leng / National University of Singapore, Singapore ...879

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Porto Pazos, Ana Belén / University of A Coruña, Spain ...167

Principe, Jose C. / University of Florida, USA...902

Putonet, Carlos G. / University of Granada, Spain ...1226

Quackenbush, John / Harvard School of Public Health, USA ...65

Queiroz, João / State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), & Federal University of Bahia, Brazil ...1543

Quek, Chai / Nanyang Technological University, Singapore ...1396

Rabuñal Dopico, Juan Ramón / University of A Coruña, Spain ...125, 383 Raducanu, Bogdan / Computer Vision Center, Spain ...625

Ramos, Carlos / Polytechnic of Porto, Portugal ...92

Rashid, Shaista / University of Bradford, UK ...337

Răsvan, Vladimir / University of Craiova, Romania ...1212

Reyes-Galaviz, Orion Fausto / Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Mexico...860, 867 Reyes-García, Carlos Alberto / Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica Óptica y Electrónica, Mexico ...860, 867 Riaño Sierra, Jesús M. / University of Deusto, Spain ...344

Rigas, Dimitris / University of Bradford, UK ...337

Ríos, Juan / Inteligencia Artificial, Facultad de Informatica, UPM, Spain ...767

Rivero, Daniel / University of A Coruña, Spain ...125, 618 Rodrigues, Ernesto / Federal University of Technology, Brazil ...596

Rodriquez, Gregorio Iglesias / University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain ...144, 1614 Rodríguez, M. Antón / University of Valladolid, Spain ...1490, 1497 Rodríguez, Patricia Henríquez / University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain ...1266, 1439 Rodríguez, Santiago / University of A Coruña, Spain ...975

Rodríguez, Sara / Universidad de Salamanca, Spain ...1316

Rodríguez-Patón, Alfonso / Inteligencia Artificial, Facultad de Informatica, UPM, Spain ...767

Rojas, F. / University of Granada, Spain ...910

Rojas, F. J. / University of Granada, Spain ...910

Rojas, I. / University of Granada, Spain ...910

Rokach, Lior / Ben Gurion University, Israel ...884

Romero, Carlos F. / University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain ...1447

Romero, Enrique / Technical University of Catalonia, Spain ...1205

Romero-García, V. / Polytechnic University of Valencia, Spain ...1296

Rosa Zurera, Manuel / University of Alcalá, Spain ...933, 956 Roussaki, Ioanna / National Technical University of Athens, Greece ...1418, 1524 Rousset, Patrick / CEREQ, France ...1029

Roy, Shourya / IBM Research, India Research Lab, India ...99, 105 Ruano, Marcos / Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain ...1064

Rus, Vasile / The University of Memphis, USA ...1179

Rusiecki, Andrzej / Wroclaw University of Technology, Poland...1389

Russomanno, David J. / University of Memphis, USA ...304, 312 Sadri, Fariba / Imperial College London, UK...85

Salazar, Addisson / iTEAM, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Spain ...192, 199 Sanchez, Rodrigo Carballo / University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain ...144, 1614 Sánchez, Eduardo / University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain ...138, 1278 Sánchez, Ricardo / Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Mexico ...1462

Sánchez-Maroño, Noelia / University of A Coruña, Spain ...632

Sánchez-Montañés, Manuel / Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain ...282, 561 Sánchez-Pérez, J. V. / Polytechnic University of Valencia, Spain ...1296

Sanchis, J. / Polytechnic University of Valencia, Spain ...1296

Sanchis de Miguel, Araceli / Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain ...554

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Sarathy, Rathindra / Oklahoma State University, USA ...1323

Savić, Dragan A. / University of Exeter, UK ...1042

Schleif, Frank-M. / University of Leipzig, Germany ...1337

Seoane, Antonio / University of A Coruña, Spain ...873

Seoane, María / University of A Coruña, Spain ...975, 982 Seoane Fernández, José Antonio / University of A Coruña, Spain ...236, 241, 744, 1273 Serantes, J. Andrés / University of A Coruña, Spain ...744

Şerban, Gheorghe / University of Pitesti, Romania ...609

Sergiadis, George D. / Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece ...967

Serrano, Arturo / iTEAM, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Spain ...192, 199 Serrano-López, Antonio J. / University of Valencia, Spain ...71

Sesmero Lorente, M. Paz / Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain ...554

Shambaugh, Neal / West Virginia University, USA ...1310

Sharkey, Amanda J.C. / University of Sheffield, UK ...161, 1537 Shilov, Nikolay V. / Russian Academy of Science, Institute of Informatics Systems, Russia ...1089

Sieber, Tanja / University of Miskolc, Hungary ...1130

Silaghi, Marius C. / Florida Insitute of Technology, USA ...507

Silva, Ivan N. / University of São Paulo, Brazil ...1121

Sloot, Peter M.A. / Section Computational Science, The University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands ...353

Socoró Carrié, Joan-Claudi / Universitat Ramon Llull, Spain ...541, 719 Sofron, Emil / University of Pitesti, Romania ...609

Song, Yu-Chen / Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, China ...297

Sorathia, Vikram / Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and Communication Technology, India ...494

Soria-Olivas, Emilio / University of Valencia, Spain ...71

Sossa, Humberto / Center for Computing Research, IPN, Mexico ...248

Souza, Flavio / UERJ, Brazil ...808, 817 Stanković, Milan / University of Belgrade, Serbia ...950

Stathis, Kostas / Royal Holloway, University of London, UK ...85

Suárez, Sonia / University of A Coruña, Spain ...975, 982 Subramaniam, L. Venkata / IBM Research, India Research Lab, India ...99, 105 Sulc, Bohumil / Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic ...567

Szenher, Matthew / University of Edinburgh, UK ...1185

Taktak, Azzam / Royal Liverpool University Hospital, UK ...390

Tang, Zaiyong / Salem State College, USA ...51

Tapia, Dante I. / Universidad de Salamanca, Spain ...1316

Taveira Pinto, Francisco / University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain ...1603

Tejera Santana, Aday / University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain ...270

Téllez, Ricardo / Technical University of Catalonia, Spain ...1095

Tettamanzi, Andrea G. B. / University of Milan, Italy ...575

Tikk, Domonkos / Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary ...654

Tlelo-Cuautle, Esteban / Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica Óptica y Electrónica, Mexico ...867

Tomaiuolo, Michele / Università di Parma, Italy ...1404

Torijano Gordo, Elena / University of Alcalá, Spain...956

Torres, Manuel / University of Castilla – La Mancha, Spain ...547

Travieso González, Carlos M. / University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain ...1259, 1447 Tumin, Sharil / University of Bergen, Norway ...1610

Turgay, Safiye / Abant İzzet Baysal University, Turkey ...924

Valdés, Julio J. / National Research Council Canada, Canada ...1205, 1589 Valenzuela, O. / University of Granada, Spain ...910

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Vargas, J. Francisco / University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain & Universidad de Antioquia,

Colombia ...1232

Vazquez, Roberto A. / Center for Computing Research, IPN, Mexico ...248

Vázquez Naya, José Manuel / University of A Coruña, Spain ...1283, 1290 Vellasco, Marley / PUC-Rio, Brazil ...808, 817 Verdegay, José L. / Universidad de Granada, Spain ...480

Villmann, Thomas / University of Leipzig, Germany ...1337

Vlachos, Ioannis K. / Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece ...967

Voiry, Matthieu / University of Paris, France & SAGEM REOSC, France ...131

Wang, John / Montclair State University, USA ...418, 424, 974, 963, 1036 Wilkosz, Kazimierz / Wroclaw University of Technology, Poland ...1356

Williamson, Kristian / Statistics Canada, Canada ...31

Wong, T. T. / The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong ...1568

Xu, Lei / Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong & Peking University, China ...318, 892, 1343 Yaman, Fahrettin / Abant İzzet Baysal University, Turkey ...924

Yan, Hong / City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong & University of Sydney, Australia ...289

Yan, Yan / Tsinghua University, Beijing, China ...1455

Yao, James / Montclair State University, USA ...418, 424 Yokoo, Makoto / Kyushu University, Japan ...507

Yousuf, Muhammad Ali / Tecnologico de Monterrey – Santa Fe Campus, México...1383

Zajac, Pavol / Slovak University of Technology, Slovakia ...179, 186 Zamora-Martínez, Francisco / Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain ...231

Zarri, Gian Piero / LaLIC, University Paris 4-Sorbonne, France ...1159, 1167 Zatarain, Ramon / Instituto Tecnologico de Culiacan, Mexico ...860

Zhang, Yu-Jin / Tsinghua University, Beijing, China ...1455

Zhao, Yi / Fernuniversitaet in Hagen, Germany...1079

Ziemke, Tom / University of Skovde, Sweden ...1376

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Contents

by Volume

Volume I

Active Learning with SVM / Jun Jiang, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; and

Horace H. S. Ip, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong ...1 Adaptive Algorithms for Intelligent Geometric Computing / M. L. Gavrilova, University of Calgary,

Canada ...9 Adaptive Business Intelligence / Zbigniew Michalewicz, The University of Adelaide, Australia ...16 Adaptive Neural Algorithms for PCA and ICA / Radu Mutihac, University of Bucharest, Romania ...22 Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Systems / Larbi Esmahi, Athabasca University, Canada; Kristian Williamson,

Statistics Canada, Canada; and Elarbi Badidi, United Arab Emirates University, UAE ...31

Adaptive Technology and Its Applications / João José Neto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil ...37 Advanced Cellular Neural Networks Image Processing / J. Álvaro Fernández, University of

Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain ...45 Agent-Based Intelligent System Modeling / Zaiyong Tang, Salem State College, USA; Xiaoyu Huang,

University of Shanghai for Science & Technology, China; and Kallol Bagchi, University of Texas

at El Paso, USA ...51 AI and Ideas by Statistical Mechanics / Lester Ingber, Lester Ingber Research, USA ...58 AI Methods for Analyzing Microarray Data / Amira Djebbari, National Research Council Canada,

Canada; Aedín C. Culhane, Harvard School of Public Health, USA; Alice J. Armstrong,

The George Washington University, USA; and John Quackenbush, Harvard School of Public Health,

USA ...65 AI Walk from Pharmacokinetics to Marketing, An / José D. Martín-Guerrero, University of Valencia,

Spain; Emilio Soria-Olivas, University of Valencia, Spain; Paulo J.G. Lisboa, Liverpool John Moores

University, UK; and Antonio J. Serrano-López, University of Valencia, Spain ...71 Algorithms for Association Rule Mining / Vasudha Bhatnagar, University of Delhi, India;

Anamika Gupta, University of Delhi, India; and Naveen Kumar, University of Delhi, India ...76

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Ambient Intelligence / Fariba Sadri, Imperial College London, UK; and Kostas Stathis,

Royal Holloway, University of London, UK ... 85

Ambient Intelligence Environments / Carlos Ramos, Polytechnic of Porto, Portugal ... 92 Analytics for Noisy Unstructured Text Data I / Shourya Roy, IBM Research, India Research Lab, India;

and L. Venkata Subramaniam, IBM Research, India Research Lab, India... 99

Analytics for Noisy Unstructured Text Data II / L. Venkata Subramaniam, IBM Research, India Research Lab, India; and Shourya Roy, IBM Research, India Research Lab, India... 105

Angiographic Images Segmentation Techniques / Francisco J. Nóvoa, University of A Coruña, Spain;

Alberto Curra, University of A Coruña, Spain; M. Gloria López, University of A Coruña, Spain; and

Virginia Mato, University of A Coruña, Spain ... 110

ANN Application in the Field of Structural Concrete / Juan L. Pérez, University of A Coruña, Spain;

Mª Isabel Martínez, University of A Coruña, Spain; and Manuel F. Herrador, University of A

Coruña, Spain ... 118

ANN Development with EC Tools: An Overview / Daniel Rivero, University of A Coruña, Spain;

and Juan Ramón Rabuñal Dopico, University of A Coruña, Spain ... 125

ANN-Based Defects’ Diagnosis of Industrial Optical Devices / Matthieu Voiry, University of Paris, France & SAGEM REOSC, France; Véronique Amarger, University of Paris, France; Joel Bernier,

SAGEM REOSC, France; and Kurosh Madani, University of Paris, France ... 131

Artificial Intelligence and Education / Eduardo Sánchez, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain;

and Manuel Lama, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain ... 138

Artificial Intelligence and Rubble-Mound Breakwater Stability / Gregorio Iglesias Rodriquez, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Alberte Castro Ponte, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain;

Rodrigo Carballo Sanchez, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; and Miguel Ángel Losada

Rodriguez, University of Granada, Spain ... 144

Artificial Intelligence for Information Retrieval / Thomas Mandl, University of Hildesheim, Germany ...151 Artificial Intelligence in Computer-Aided Diagnosis / Paulo Eduardo Ambrósio, Santa Cruz State

University, Brazil ... 157

Artificial Neural Networks and Cognitive Modelling / Amanda J.C. Sharkey, University of Sheffield, UK ...161 Artificial NeuroGlial Networks / Ana Belén Porto Pazos, University of A Coruña, Spain; Alberto Alvarellos González, University of A Coruña, Spain; and Félix Montañés Pazos, University of A Coruña, Spain ... 167

Association Rule Mining / Vasudha Bhatnagar, University of Delhi, India; and Sarabjeet Kochhar,

University of Delhi, India ... 172

Automated Cryptanalysis / Otokar Grošek, Slovak University of Technology, Slovakia; and

Pavol Zajac, Slovak University of Technology, Slovakia ... 179

(17)

Automated Cryptanalysis of Classical Ciphers / Otokar Grošek, Slovak University of Technology,

Slovakia; and Pavol Zajac, Slovak University of Technology, Slovakia ... 186

Automatic Classification of Impact-Echo Spectra I / Addisson Salazar, iTEAM, Polytechnic

University of Valencia, Spain; and Arturo Serrano, iTEAM, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Spain ... 192

Automatic Classification of Impact-Echo Spectra II / Addisson Salazar, iTEAM, Polytechnic

University of Valencia, Spain; and Arturo Serrano, iTEAM, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Spain ... 199

AVI of Surface Flaws on Manufactures I / Girolamo Fornarelli, Politecnico di Bari, Italy;

and Antonio Giaquinto, Politecnico di Bari, Italy ... 206

AVI of Surface Flaws on Manufactures II / Girolamo Fornarelli, Politecnico di Bari, Italy;

and Antonio Giaquinto, Politecnico di Bari, Italy ... 211

Basic Cellular Neural Networks Image Processing / J. Álvaro Fernández,

University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain ... 218

Bayesian Neural Networks for Image Restoration / Radu Mutihac, University of Bucharest,

Romania ... 223

Behaviour-Based Clustering of Neural Networks / María José Castro-Bleda, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain; Salvador España-Boquera, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain; and Francisco Zamora-Martínez, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia,

Spain ... 231

Bio-Inspired Algorithms in Bioinformatics I / José Antonio Seoane Fernández, University of

A Coruña, Spain; and Mónica Miguélez Rico, University of A Coruña, Spain ... 236

Bio-Inspired Algorithms in Bioinformatics II / José Antonio Seoane Fernández, University

of A Coruña, Spain; and Mónica Miguélez Rico, University of A Coruña, Spain ... 241

Bioinspired Associative Memories / Roberto A. Vazquez, Center for Computing Research, IPN,

Mexico; and Humberto Sossa, Center for Computing Research, IPN, Mexico ... 248

Bio-Inspired Dynamical Tools for Analyzing Cognition / Manuel G. Bedia, University of Zaragoza, Spain; Juan M. Corchado, University of Salamanca, Spain; and Luis F. Castillo,

National University, Colombia ... 256

Biometric Security Technology / Marcos Faundez-Zanuy, Escola Universitària Politècnica de

Mataró, Spain ... 262

Blind Source Separation by ICA / Miguel A. Ferrer, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain;

and Aday Tejera Santana, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain ... 270

Chaotic Neural Networks / Emilio Del-Moral-Hernandez, University of São Paulo, Brazil ... 275 Class Prediction in Test Sets with Shifted Distributions / Óscar Pérez, Universidad Autónoma

de Madrid, Spain; and Manuel Sánchez-Montañés, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain ... 282

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Cluster Analysis of Gene Expression Data / Alan Wee-Chung Liew, Griffith University, Australia;

Ngai-Fong Law, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong; and Hong Yan, City University

of Hong Kong, Hong Kong & University of Sydney, Australia... 289

Clustering Algorithm for Arbitrary Data Sets / Yu-Chen Song, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, China; and Hai-Dong Meng, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology,

China ... 297

CNS Tumor Prediction Using Gene Expression Data Part I / Atiq Islam, University of Memphis, USA;

Khan M. Iftekharuddin, University of Memphis, USA; E. Olusegun George, University of Memphis, USA;

and David J. Russomanno, University of Memphis, USA ... 304

CNS Tumor Prediction Using Gene Expression Data Part II / Atiq Islam, University of Memphis, USA;

Khan M. Iftekharuddin, University of Memphis, USA; E. Olusegun George, University of Memphis, USA;

and David J. Russomanno, University of Memphis, USA ... 312

Combining Classifiers and Learning Mixture-of-Experts / Lei Xu, Chinese University of Hong Kong,

Hong Kong & Peking University, China; and Shun-ichi Amari, Brain Science Institute, Japan ... 318

Commonsense Knowledge Representation I / Phillip Ein-Dor, Tel-Aviv University, Israel ... 327 Commonsense Knowledge Representation II / Phillip Ein-Dor, Tel-Aviv University, Israel ... 334 Comparative Study on E-Note-Taking, A / Shaista Rashid, University of Bradford, UK;

and Dimitris Rigas, University of Bradford, UK ... 337

Comparison of Cooling Schedules for Simulated Annealing, A / José Fernando Díaz Martín,

University of Deusto, Spain; and Jesús M. Riaño Sierra, University of Deusto, Spain ... 344

Complex Systems Modeling by Cellular Automata / Jiří Kroc, Section Computational Science,

The University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Peter M.A. Sloot, Section Computational Science, The University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands ... 353

Complex-Valued Neural Networks / Tohru Nitta, AIST, Japan ... 361 Component Analysis in Artificial Vision / Oscar Déniz Suárez, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; and Gloria Bueno García, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain ... 367

Computational Methods in Biomedical Imaging / Michele Piana, Universita’ di Verona, Italy ... 372 Computer Morphogenesis in Self-Organizing Structures / Enrique Fernández-Blanco,

University of A Coruña, Spain; and Julián Dorado, University of A Coruña, Spain ... 377

Computer Vision for Wave Flume Experiments / Óscar Ibáñez, University of A Coruña, Spain;

and Juan Rabuñal Dopico, University of A Coruña, Spain ... 383

Conditional Hazard Estimating Neural Networks / Antonio Eleuteri, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, UK; Azzam Taktak, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, UK; Bertil Damato, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, UK; Angela Douglas, Liverpool Women’s Hospital, UK; and Sarah Coupland, Royal Liverpool

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Configuration / Luca Anselma, Università di Torino, Italy; and Diego Magro,

Università di Torino, Italy ... 396

Constraint Processing / Roman Barták, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic ... 404 Continuous ACO in a SVR Traffic Forecasting Model / Wei-Chiang Hong, Oriental Institute

of Technology, Taiwan ... 410

Data Mining Fundamental Concepts and Critical Issues / John Wang, Montclair State University, USA;

Qiyang Chen, Montclair State University, USA; and James Yao, Montclair State University, USA ... 418

Data Warehousing Development and Design Methodologies / James Yao, Montclair State University,

USA; and John Wang, Montclair State University, USA ... 424

Decision Making in Intelligent Agents / Mats Danielson, Stockholm University, Sweden &

Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden; and Love Ekenberg, Stockholm University, Sweden &

Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden ... 431

Decision Tree Applications for Data Modelling / Man Wai Lee, Brunel University, UK;

Kyriacos Chrysostomou, Brunel University, UK; Sherry Y. Chen, Brunel University, UK; and

Xiaohui Liu, Brunel University, UK ... 437

Dempster-Shafer Theory, The / Malcolm J. Beynon, Cardiff University, UK ... 443 Dependency Parsing: Recent Advances / Ruket Çakıcı, University of Edinburgh, UK ...449 Designing Unsupervised Hierarchical Fuzzy Logic Systems / M. Mohammadian,

University of Canberra, Australia ... 456

Developmental Robotics / Max Lungarella, University of Zurich, Switzerland; and Gabriel Gómez,

University of Zurich, Switzerland ... 464

Device-Level Majority von Neumann Multiplexing / Valeriu Beiu, United Arab Emirates University, UAE; Walid Ibrahim, United Arab Emirates University, UAE; and Sanja Lazarova-Molnar, United Arab Emirates University, UAE ... 471

Different Approaches for Cooperation with Metaheuristics / José M. Cadenas, Universidad de Murcia, Spain; Mª Carmen Garrido, Universidad de Murcia, Spain; Enrique Muñoz, Universidad de Murcia, Spain; Carlos Cruz-Corona, Universidad de Granada, Spain; David A. Pelta,

Universidad de Granada, Spain; and José L. Verdegay, Universidad de Granada, Spain ... 480

Differential Evolution with Self-Adaptation / Janez Brest, University of Maribor, Slovenia ... 488 Discovering Mappings Between Ontologies / Vikram Sorathia, Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of

Information and Communication Technology, India; and Anutosh Maitra, Dhirubhai Ambani Institute

of Information and Communication Technology, India ... 494

Disk-Based Search / Stefan Edelkamp, University of Dortmund, Germany; and Shahid Jabbar,

University of Dortmund, Germany ... 501

(20)

Distributed Constraint Reasoning / Marius C. Silaghi, Florida Insitute of Technology, USA;

and Makoto Yokoo, Kyushu University, Japan ... 507

Distributed Representation of Compositional Structure / Simon D. Levy, Washington and Lee

University, USA ... 514

EA Multi-Model Selection for SVM / Gilles Lebrun, University of Caen Basse-Normandie, France; Olivier Lezoray, University of Caen Basse-Normandie, France; Christophe Charrier, University of Caen Basse-Normandie, France; and Hubert Cardot, University François-Rabelais

of Tours, France ... 520

EC Techniques in the Structural Concrete Field / Juan L. Pérez, University of A Coruña, Spain; Belén González-Fonteboa, University of A Coruña, Spain; and Fernando Martínez Abella,

University of A Coruña, Spain ... 526

E-Learning in New Technologies / Nieves Pedreira, University of A Coruña, Spain;

José Ramón Méndez Salgueiro, University of A Coruña, Spain; and Manuel Martínez Carballo,

University of A Coruña, Spain ... 532

Emerging Applications in Immersive Technologies / Darryl N. Davis, University of Hull, UK;

and Paul M. Chapman, University of Hull, UK ... 536

Emulating Subjective Criteria in Corpus Validation / Ignasi Iriondo, Universitat Ramon Llull, Spain;

Santiago Planet, Universitat Ramon Llull, Spain; Francesc Alías, Universitat Ramon Llull, Spain;

Joan-Claudi Socoró, Universitat Ramon Llull, Spain; and Elisa Martínez, Universitat Ramon Llull,

Spain ... 541

Volume II

Energy Minimizing Active Models in Artificial Vision / Gloria Bueno García, University of Castilla – La Mancha, Spain; Antonio Martínez, University of Castilla – La Mancha, Spain;

Roberto González, University of Castilla – La Mancha, Spain; and Manuel Torres,

University of Castilla – La Mancha, Spain ... 547

Ensemble of ANN for Traffic Sign Recognition / M. Paz Sesmero Lorente, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain; Juan Manuel Alonso-Weber, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain;

Germán Gutiérrez Sánchez, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain; Agapito Ledezma Espino, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain; and Araceli Sanchis de Miguel, Universidad Carlos

III de Madrid, Spain ... 554

Ensemble of SVM Classifiers for Spam Filtering / Ángela Blanco, Universidad Pontificia de

Salamanca, Spain; and Manuel Martín-Merino, Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca, Spain ...561 Evolutionary Algorithms in Discredibility Detection / Bohumil Sulc, Czech Technical University

in Prague, Czech Republic; and David Klimanek, Czech Technical University in Prague,

Czech Republic ... 567

Evolutionary Approaches for ANNs Design / Antonia Azzini, University of Milan, Italy; and

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Evolutionary Approaches to Variable Selection / Marcos Gestal, University of A Coruña, Spain;

and José Manuel Andrade, University of A Coruña, Spain ...581 Evolutionary Computing Approach for Ad-Hoc Networks / Prayag Narula, University of Delhi,

India; Sudip Misra, Yale University, USA; and Sanjay Kumar Dhurandher, University of Delhi,

India ...589 Evolutionary Grammatical Inference / Ernesto Rodrigues, Federal University of Technology,

Brazil; and Heitor Silvério Lopes, Federal University of Technology, Brazil ...596 Evolutionary Robotics / J. A. Becerra, University of A Coruña, Spain; and R. J. Duro, University of

A Coruña, Spain ...603 Evolved Synthesis of Digital Circuits / Laurenţiu Ionescu, University of Pitesti, Romania; Alin Mazare, University of Pitesti, Romania; Gheorghe Şerban, University of Pitesti, Romania; and Emil Sofron,

University of Pitesti, Romania ...609 Evolving Graphs for ANN Development and Simplification / Daniel Rivero, University of

A Coruña, Spain; and David Periscal, University of A Coruña, Spain ...618 Facial Expression Recognition for HCI Applications / Fadi Dornaika, Institut Géographique National, France; and Bogdan Raducanu, Computer Vision Center, Spain...625 Feature Selection / Noelia Sánchez-Maroño, University of A Coruña, Spain; and

Amparo Alonso-Betanzos, University of A Coruña, Spain ...632 Feed-Forward Artificial Neural Network Basics / Lluís A. Belanche Muñoz, Universitat

Politècnica de Catalunya, Spain ...639 Finding Multiple Solutions with GA in Multimodal Problems / Marcos Gestal, University of

A Coruña, Spain; and Mari Paz Gómez-Carracedo, University of A Coruña, Spain ...647 Full-Text Search Engines for Databases / László Kovács, University of Miskolc, Hungary;

and Domonkos Tikk, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary ...654 Functional Dimension Reduction for Chemometrics / Tuomas Kärnä, Helsinki University of

Technology, Finland; and Amaury Lendasse, Helsinki University of Technology, Finland ...661 Functional Networks / Oscar Fontenla-Romero, University of A Coruña, Spain;

Bertha Guijarro-Berdiñas, University of A Coruña, Spain; and Beatriz Pérez-Sánchez,

University of A Coruña, Spain ...667 Fuzzy Approximation of DES State / Juan Carlos González-Castolo, CINVESTAV Unidad

Guadalajara, Mexico; and Ernesto López-Mellado, CINVESTAV Unidad Guadalajara, Mexico ...677 Fuzzy Control Systems: An Introduction / Guanrong Chen, City University of Hong Kong,

Hong Kong; and Young Hoon Joo, Kunsan National University, Korea ...688 Fuzzy Decision Trees / Malcolm J. Beynon, Cardiff University, UK ...696

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