Encyclopedia of
Artificial Intelligence
Juan Ramón Rabuñal Dopico University of A Coruña, Spain Julián Dorado de la Calle University of A Coruña, Spain Alejandro Pazos Sierra
University of A Coruña, Spain
Hershey • New York
InformatIon ScI
Director of Editorial Content: Kristin Klinger Managing Development Editor: Kristin Roth
Development Editorial Assistant: Julia Mosemann, Rebecca Beistline Senior Managing Editor: Jennifer Neidig
Managing Editor: Jamie Snavely
Assistant Managing Editor: Carole Coulson
Typesetter: Jennifer Neidig, Amanda Appicello, Cindy Consonery
Cover Design: Lisa Tosheff
Printed at: Yurchak Printing Inc.
Published in the United States of America by
Information Science Reference (an imprint of IGI Global) 701 E. Chocolate Avenue, Suite 200
Hershey PA 17033 Tel: 717-533-8845 Fax: 717-533-8661 E-mail: cust@igi-global.com
Web site: http://www.igi-global.com/reference and in the United Kingdom by
Information Science Reference (an imprint of IGI Global) 3 Henrietta Street
Covent Garden London WC2E 8LU Tel: 44 20 7240 0856 Fax: 44 20 7379 0609
Web site: http://www.eurospanbookstore.com
Copyright © 2009 by IGI Global. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or distributed in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without written permission from the publisher.
Product or company names used in this set are for identification purposes only. Inclusion of the names of the products or companies does not indicate a claim of ownership by IGI Global of the trademark or registered trademark.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Encyclopedia of artificial intelligence / Juan Ramon Rabunal Dopico, Julian Dorado de la Calle, and Alejandro Pazos Sierra, editors.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Summary: "This book is a comprehensive and in-depth reference to the most recent developments in the field covering theoretical developments, tech- niques, technologies, among others"--Provided by publisher.
ISBN 978-1-59904-849-9 (hardcover) -- ISBN 978-1-59904-850-5 (ebook)
1. Artificial intelligence--Encyclopedias. I. Rabunal, Juan Ramon, 1973- II. Dorado, Julian, 1970- III. Pazos Sierra, Alejandro.
Q334.2.E63 2008 006.303--dc22
2008027245
British Cataloguing in Publication Data
A Cataloguing in Publication record for this book is available from the British Library.
All work contributed to this encyclopedia set is new, previously-unpublished material. The views expressed in this encyclopedia set are those of the authors, but not necessarily of the publisher.
If a library purchased a print copy of this publication, please go to http //www.igi-global.com/agreement for information on activating the library's complimentary electronic access to this publication.
Editorial Advisory Board
Juan Ríos Carrión
Polytechnical University of Madrid, Spain Anselmo del Moral
University of Deusto, Spain Daniel Manrique Gamo
Polytechnical University of Madrid, Spain Juan Pazos Sierra
Polytechnical University of Madrid, Spain Jose Crespo del Arco
Polytechnical University of Madrid, Spain Norberto Ezquerra
Georgia Institute of Technology, USA
Lluís Jofre
Polytechnical University of Catalunya, Spain
Peter Smith
University of Sunderland, UK
Paul M. Chapman University of Hull, UK
Ana Belén Porto Pazos University of A Coruña, Spain
Javier Pereira
University of A Coruña, Spain
Stefano Cagnoni
Università degli Studi de Parma, Italy
Jose María Barreiro Sorrivas
Polytechnical University of Madrid, Spain
List of Contributors
Adorni, Giovanni / Università degli Studi di Genova, Italy ...840, 848 Akkaladevi, Somasheker / Virginia State University, USA ...940, 945, 1330 Al-Ahmadi, Mohammad Saad / King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM),
Saudi Arabia ...1323
Aliaga, Ramón J. / Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain ...1576
Alías, Francesc / Universitat Ramon Llull, Spain ...541, 788 Alonso-Betanzos, Amparo / University of A Coruña, Spain ...632
Alonso Hernández, Jesús Bernardino / University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain ...1266, 1439 Alonso-Weber, Juan Manuel / Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain ...554
Alsina Pagès, Rosa Maria / Universitat Ramon Llull, Spain ...719
Alvarellos González, Alberto / University of A Coruña, Spain ...167
Amarger, Véronique / University of Paris, France ...131
Amari, Shun-ichi / Brain Science Institute, Japan ...318
Ambrósio, Paulo Eduardo / Santa Cruz State University, Brazil...157
Anagnostou, Miltiades / National Technical University of Athens, Greece ...1429, 1524 Andrade, Javier / University of A Coruña, Spain ...975
Andrade, José Manuel / University of A Coruña, Spain ...581
Ang, Kai Keng / Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore ...1396
Ang Jr., Marcelo H. / National University of Singapore, Singapore ...1072, 1080 Angulo, Cecilio / Technical University of Catalonia, Spain ...1095, 1518 Anselma, Luca / Università di Torino, Italy ...396
Arcay, Bernardino / University of A Coruña, Spain ...710
Ares, Juan / University of A Coruña, Spain ...982
Armstrong, Alice J. / The George Washington University, USA ...65
Arquero, Águeda / Technical University of Madrid, Spain...781
Aunet, Snorre / University of Oslo, Norway & Centers for Neural Inspired Nano Architectures, Norway ...1474, 1555 Azzini, Antonia / University of Milan, Italy ...575
Badidi, Elarbi / United Arab Emirates University, UAE ...31
Bagchi, Kallol / University of Texas at El Paso, USA...51
Bajo, Javier / Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca, Spain ...1327
Barajas, Sandra E. / Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica Óptica y Electrónica, Mexico ...867
Barron, Lucia / Instituto Tecnologico de Culiacan, Mexico ...860
Barták, Roman / Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic ...404
Barton, Alan J. / National Research Council Canada, Canada ...1205, 1589 Becerra, J. A. / University of A Coruña, Spain ...603
Bedia, Manuel G. / University of Zaraogoza, Spain ...256
Beiu, Valeriu / United Arab Emirates University, UAE ...471
Bel Enguix, Gemma / Rovira i Virgili University, Spain ...1173
Belanche Muñoz, Lluís A. / Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Spain ...639, 1004, 1012 Berge, Hans Kristian Otnes / University of Oslo, Norway ...1485
Bernier, Joel / SAGEM REOSC, France ...131
Berrones, Arturo / Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Mexico ...1462
Bershtein, Leonid S. / Taganrog Technological Institute of Southern Federal University, Russia...704
Bessalah, Hamid / Center de Développement des Technologies Avancées (CDTA), Algérie ...831
Beynon, Malcolm J. / Cardiff University, UK ...443, 696 Bhatnagar, Vasudha / University of Delhi, India ...76, 172 Blanco, Ángela / Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca, Spain ...561
Blanco, Francisco J. / Juan Canalejo Hospital, Spain ...1583
Blasco, X. / Polytechnic University of Valencia, Spain ...1296
Boonthum, Chutima / Hampton University, USA ...1253
Bouridene, Ahmed. / Queens University of Belfast, Ireland ...831
Boyer-Xambeu, Marie-Thérèse / Université de Paris VII – LED, France ...996
Bozhenyuk, Alexander V. / Taganrog Technological Institute of Southern Federal University, Russia ...704
Brest, Janez / University of Maribor, Slovenia ...488
Bueno, Raúl Vicen / University of Alcalá, Spain ...933, 956 Bueno García, Gloria / University of Castilla – La Mancha, Spain ...367, 547 Buruncuk, Kadri / Near East University, Turkey ...1596
Cadenas, José M. / Universidad de Murcia, Spain ...480
Cagnoni, Stefano / Università degli Studi di Parma, Italy ...840, 848, 1303 Çakıcı, Ruket / ICCS School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, UK ...449
Canto, Rosalba Cuapa / Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Mexico ...1370, 1426 Carballo, Rodrigo / University of Santiago de Conpatela, Spain ...1603
Carbonero, M. / INSA – ETEA, Spain ...1136
Cardot, Hubert / University François-Rabelais of Tours, France ...520
Castillo, Luis F. / National University, Colombia ...256
Castro Ponte, Alberte / University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain...144, 759 Castro, Alfonso / University of A Coruña, Spain ...710
Castro-Bleda, María José / Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain ...231
Cepero, M. / University of Granada, Spain ...910
Chapman, Paul M. / University of Hull, UK...536
Charrier, Christophe / University of Caen Basse-Normandie, France ...520
Chen, Qiyang / Montclair State University, USA ...418, 963, 1036 Chen, Guanrong / City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ...688, 734 Chen, Sherry Y. / Brunel University, UK ...437
Chikhi, Nassim / Center de Développement des Technologies Avancées (CDTA), Algérie ...831
Chiong, Raymond / Swinburne University of Technology, Sarawak Campus, Malaysia ...1562
Chrysostomou, Kyriacos / Brunel University, UK ...437
Colomo, Ricardo / Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain ...1064
Corchado, Juan M. / University of Salamanca, Spain ...256, 1316 Coupland, Sarah / Royal Liverpool University Hospital, UK ...390
Crespo, Jose / Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain ...1102
Cruz-Corona, Carlos / Universidad de Granada, Spain ...480
Cuéllar, M. P. / Universidad de Granada, Spain ...1152
Culhane, Aedín C. / Harvard School of Public Health, USA ...65
Curra, Alberto / University of A Coruña, Spain ...110
Damato, Bertil / Royal Liverpool University Hospital, UK ...390
Danciu, Daniela / University of Craiova, Romania ...1212
Danielson, Mats / Stockholm University, Sweden & Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden ...431
Das, Sanjoy / Kansas State University, USA ...1145, 1191 Davis, Darryl N. / University of Hull, UK ...536
de la Mata Moya, David / University of Alcalá, Spain ...933
de la Rosa Turbides, Tomás / Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain ...1024
Deleplace, Ghislain / Université de Paris VIII – LED, France ...996
Delgado, M. / Universidad de Granada, Spain ...1152
Delgado, Soledad / Technical University of Madrid, Spain ...781
Del-Moral-Hernandez, Emilio / University of São Paulo, Brazil ...275
Deng, Pi-Sheng / California State University at Stanislaus, USA ...748, 1504 Déniz Suárez, Oscar / University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain ...367
Dhurandher, Sanjay Kumar / University of Delhi, India ...589, 1530 di Pierro, Francesco / University of Exeter, UK ...1042
Díaz Martín, José Fernando / University of Deusto, Spain ...344
Díaz Pernas, F. J. / University of Valladolid, Spain ...1490, 1497 Díez Higuera, J. F. / University of Valladolid, Spain ...1490, 1497 Diuk, Carlos / Rutgers University, USA ...825
Djebbari, Amira / National Research Council Canada, Canada ...65
Dorado de la Calle, Julián / University of A Coruña, Spain ...377, 1273 Dornaika, Fadi / Institut Géographique National, France ...625
Douglas, Angela / Liverpool Women’s Hospital, UK ...390
Duro, R. J. / University of A Coruña, Spain ...603
Edelkamp, Stefan / University of Dortmund, Germany ...501, 1549 Ein-Dor, Phillip / Tel-Aviv University, Israel ...327, 334 Ekenberg, Love / Stockholm University, Sweden & Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden ...431
Eleuteri, Antonio / Royal Liverpool University Hospital, UK ...390
Encheva, Sylvia / Haugesund University College, Norway ...1610
Erdogmus, Deniz / Northeastern University, USA ...902
Esmahi, Larbi / Athabasca University, Canada ...31
España-Boquera, Salvador / Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain ...231
Ezquerra, Norberto / Georgia Institute of Technology, USA ...1290
Fan, Liwei / National University of Singapore, Singapore ...879
Farah, Ahcene / Ajman University, UAE ...831
Faundez-Zanuy, Marcos / Escola Universitària Politècnica de Mataró, Spain ...262
Fernández, J. Álvaro / University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain ...45, 218 Fernandez-Blanco, Enrique / University of A Coruña, Spain ...377, 744, 1583 Ferrer, Miguel A. / University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain ...270, 1232 Figueiredo, Karla / UERJ, Brazil ...808, 817 Flauzino, Rogerio A. / University of São Paulo, Brazil ...1121
Flores, Dionicio Zacarías / Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Mexico ...1370, 1426 Flores, Fernando Zacarías / Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, México ...1370, 1426 Flores-Badillo, Marina / CINVESTAV Unidad Guadalajara, Mexico ...1615
Flórez-Revuelta, Francisco / University of Alicante, Spain ...1363
Fontenla-Romero, Oscar / University of A Coruña, Spain ...667
Formiga, Lluís / Universitat Ramon Llull, Spain ...788 Fornarelli, Girolamo / Politecnico di Bari, Italy ...206, 211
Fuster-Garcia, E. / Polytechnic University of Valencia, Spain ...1296
Gadea, Rafael / Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain ...1576
Garanina, Natalia / Russian Academy of Science, Institute of Informatics Systems, Russia ...1089
García, Ángel / Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain ...1064
García, Rafael / University of A Coruña, Spain ...982
García González, Antonio / University of Alcalá, Spain ...956
García-Chamizo, Juan Manuel / University of Alicante, Spain ...1363
García-Córdova, Francisco / Polytechnic University of Cartagena (UPCT), Spain ...1197
Garcia-Raffi, L. M. / Polytechnic University of Valencia, Spain ...1296
García-Rodríguez, José / University of Alicante, Spain ...1363
Garrido, Mª Carmen / Universidad de Murcia, Spain ...480
Garro, Alfredo / University of Calabria, Italy ...1018
Gaubert, Patrice / Université de Paris 12 – ERUDITE, France ...996
Gavrilova, M. L. / University of Calgary, Canada ...9
Geem, Zong Woo / Johns Hopkins University, USA ...803
Gelbard, Roy / Bar-Ilan University, Israel ...796
George, E. Olusegun / University of Memphis, USA ...304, 312 Gerek, Ömer Nezih / Anadolu University Eskisehir, Turkey ...1433
Gestal, Marcos / University of A Coruña, Spain ...581, 647 Giaquinto, Antonio / Politecnico di Bari, Italy ...206, 211 Gil Pita, Roberto / University of Alcalá, Spain ...933, 956 Gillard, Lucien / CNRS – LED, France ...996
Giret, Jean-Francois / CEREQ, France ...1029
Gómez, Gabriel / University of Zurich, Switzerland ...464
Gómez, Juan M. / Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain ...1064
Gómez-Carracedo, Mari Paz / University of A Coruña, Spain ...647
González-Fonteboa, Belén / University of A Coruña, Spain ...526
González, Evelio J. / University of La Laguna, Spain ...917
González, Roberto / University of Castilla – La Mancha, Spain ...547
Gonzalez-Abril, Luis / Technical University of Catalonia, Spain ...1518
González Bedia-Fonteboa, Manuel / University of Zaragoza, Spain ...256
González-Castolo, Juan Carlos / CINVESTAV Unidad Guadalajara, Mexico ...677
González de la Rosa, Juan J. / Universities of Cádiz-Córdoba, Spain ...1226
González Ortega, D. / University of Valladolid, Spain ...1490, 1497 Gonzalo, Consuelo / Technical University of Madrid, Spain ...781
Graesser, Art / The University of Memphis, USA ...1179
Grošek, Otokar / Slovak University of Technology, Slovakia ...179, 186 Guerin-Dugue, Anne / GIPSA-lab, France ...1244
Guerrero-González, Antonio / Polytechnic University of Cartagena (UPCT), Spain ...1197
Guijarro-Berdiñas, Bertha / University of A Coruña, Spain ...667
Guillen, A. / University of Granada, Spain ...910
Gupta, Anamika / University of Delhi, India ...76
Gutiérrez, P.A. / University of Córdoba, Spain ...1136
Gutiérrez Sánchez, Germán / Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain ...554
Halang, Wolfgang A. / Fernuniversitaet in Hagen, Germany ...1049
Hammer, Barbara / Technical University of Clausthal, Germany ...1337
Hee, Lee Gim / DSO National Laboratories, Singapore ...1072, 1080 Herrador, Manuel F. / University of A Coruña, Spain ...118
Herrera, Carlos / Intelligent Systems Research Centre, University of Ulster, North Ireland ...1376
Herrera, L. J. / University of Granada, Spain...910
Herrero, J. M. / Polytechnic University of Valencia, Spain ...1296
Hervás, C. / University of Córdoba, Spain ...1136
Hocaoğlu, Fatih Onur / Anadolu University Eskisehir, Turkey ...1433
Hong, Wei-Chiang / Oriental Institute of Technology, Taiwan ...410
Hopgood, Adrian A. / De Montfort University, UK ...989
Ho-Phuoc, Tien / GIPSA-lab, France ...1244
Huang, Xiaoyu / University of Shanghai for Science & Technology, China ...51
Huber, Franz / California Institute of Technology, USA ...1351
Ibáñez, Óscar / University of A Coruña, Spain ...383, 759 Ibrahim, Walid / United Arab Emirates University, UAE ...471
Iftekharuddin, Khan M. / University of Memphis, USA ...304, 312 Ingber, Lester / Lester Ingber Research, USA ...58
Iglesias, Gergorio / University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain ...1603
Ionescu, Laurenţiu / University of Pitesti, Romania ...609
Ip, Horace H. S. / City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong ...1
Iriondo, Ignasi / Universitat Ramon Llull, Spain ...541
Islam, Atiq / University of Memphis, USA ...304, 312 Izeboudjen, Nouma / Center de Développement des Technologies Avancées (CDTA), Algérie ...831
Jabbar, Shahid / University of Dortmund, Germany ...501
Jabr, Samir / Near East University, Turkey ...1596
Janković-Romano, Mario / University of Belgrade, Serbia ...950
Jarabo Amores, María Pilar / University of Alcalá, Spain ...933
Jaspe, Alberto / University of A Coruña, Spain ...873
Jiang, Jun / City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong ...1
Jiménez Celorrio, Sergio / Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain ...1024
Jiménez López, M. Dolores / Rovira i Virgili University, Spain ...1173
Joo, Young Hoon / Kunsan National University, Korea ...688, 734 Kaburlasos, Vassilis G. / Technological Educational Institution of Kavala, Greece ...1238
Kačič, Zdravko / University of Maribor, Slovenia ...1467
Kärnä, Tuomas / Helsinki University of Technology, Finland ...661
Katangur, Ajay K. / Texas A&M University – Corpus Christi, USA ...1330
Khashman, Adnan / Near East University, Turkey ...1596
Khu, Soon-Thiam / University of Exeter, UK ...1042
Kleinschmidt, João H. / State University of Campinas, Brazil ...755
Klimanek, David / Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic ...567
Kochhar, Sarabjeet / University of Delhi, India ...172
Kovács, Szilveszter / University of Miskolc, Hungary ...728
Kovács, László / University of Miskolc, Hungary ...654, 1130 Krčadinac, Uroš / University of Belgrade, Serbia ...950
Kroc, Jiří / Section Computational Science, The University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands...353
Kumar, Naveen / University of Delhi, India ...76
Kurban, Mehmet / Anadolu University Eskisehir, Turkey ...1433
Lama, Manuel / University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain ...138, 1278 Law, Ngai-Fong / The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong ...289
Lazarova-Molnar, Sanja / United Arab Emirates University, UAE ...471
Lebrun, Gilles / University of Caen Basse-Normandie, France ...520
Ledezma Espino, Agapito / Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain ...554
Lee, Man Wai / Brunel University, UK...437
Lendasse, Amaury / Helsinki University of Technology, Finland ...661
Leung, C. W. / The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong ...1568
Levinstein, Irwin B. / Old Dominion University, USA ...1253
Levy, Simon D. / Washington and Lee University, USA ...514
Lezoray, Olivier / University of Caen Basse-Normandie, France ...520
Liang, Faming / Texas A&M University, USA ...1482
Liew, Alan Wee-Chung / Griffith University, Australia ...289
Lisboa, Paulo J.G. / Liverpool John Moores University, UK ...71
Littman, Michael / Rutgers University, USA...825
Liu, Xiaohui / Brunel University, UK ...437
Lopes, Heitor Silvério / Federal University of Technology, Brazil ...596
López, M. Gloria / University of A Coruña, Spain ...110
López-Mellado, Ernesto / CINVESTAV Unidad Guadalajara, Mexico ...677, 1615 López-Rodríguez, Domingo / University of Málaga, Spain ...1112
Losada Rodriguez, Miguel Ángel / University of Granada, Spain ...144
Loula, Angelo / State University of Feira de Santana, Brazil & State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil ...1543
Loureiro, Javier Pereira / University of A Coruña, Spain ...1283, 1290 Lukomski, Robert / Wroclaw University of Technology, Poland ...1356
Lungarella, Max / University of Zurich, Switzerland ...464
Luo, Xin / The University of New Mexico, USA ...940, 945, 1330 Madani, Kurosh / University of Paris, France ...131
Madureira, Ana Marie / Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal ...853
Magliano, Joseph P. / Northern Illinois University, USA ...1253
Magoulas, George D. / University of London, UK ...1411
Magro, Diego / Università di Torino, Italy ...396
Maitra, Anutosh / Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and Communication Technology, India ...494
Mandl, Thomas / University of Hildesheim, Germany...151
Manrique, Daniel / Inteligencia Artificial, Facultad de Informatica, UPM, Spain ...767
Marichal, G. Nicolás / University of La Laguna, Spain ...917
Marín-García, Fulgencio / Polytechnic University of Cartagena (UPCT), Spain ...1197
Martínez, Antonio / University of Castilla – La Mancha, Spain ...547
Martínez, Elisa / Universitat Ramon Llull, Spain ...541
Martínez, Estíbaliz / Technical University of Madrid, Spain ...781
Martínez, Jorge D. / Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain ...1576
Martínez, Mª Isabel / University of A Coruña, Spain ...118
Martínez-Abella, Fernando / University of A Coruña, Spain ...526
Martínez Carballo, Manuel / University of A Coruña, Spain ...532
Martínez-Estudillo, F.J. / INSA – ETEA, Spain ...1136
Martínez-Feijóo, Diego / University of A Coruña, Spain ...1583
Martínez Romero, Marcos / University of A Coruña, Spain ...1283, 1290 Martínez-Zarzuela, M. / University of Valladolid, Spain ...1490, 1497 Martín-Guerrero, José D. / University of Valencia, Spain ...71
Martín-Merino, Manuel / Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca, Spain ...561
Mateo, Fernando / Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain ...1576
Mateo Segura, Clàudia / Universitat Ramon Llull, Spain ...719
Mato, Virginia / University of A Coruña, Spain ...110
Maučec, Mirjam Sepesy / University of Maribor, Slovenia ...1467
Mazare, Alin / University of Pitesti, Romania ...609
McCarthy, Philip / The University of Memphis, USA ...1179
McGinnity, Thomas M. / Intelligent Systems Research Centre, University of Ulster, North Ireland ...1376
McNamara, Danielle S. / The University of Memphis, USA ...1253
Meged, Avichai / Bar-Ilan University, Israel ...796
Méndez Salgueiro, José Ramón / University of A Coruña, Spain ...532
Meng, Hai-Dong / Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, China ...297
Mérida-Casermeiro, Enrique / University of Málaga, Spain ...1112
Mesejo, Pablo / University of A Coruña, Spain ...1583
Michalewicz, Zbigniew / The University of Adelaide, Australia ...16
Miguélez Rico, Mónica / University of A Coruña, Spain ...236, 241, 1273 Millis, Keith K. / The University of Memphis, USA ...1253
Misra, Sudip / Yale University, USA ...589, 1530 Mohammadian, M. / University of Canberra, Australia ...456, 1510 Monzó, José Mª / Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain ...1576
Morales Moreno, Aythami / University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain ...1259
Mordonini, Monica / Università degli Studi di Parma, Italy ...840, 848, 1303 Moreno-Muñoz, A. / Universities of Cádiz-Córdoba, Spain ...1226
Muñoz, Enrique / Universidad de Murcia, Spain ...480
Muñoz, Luis Miguel Guzmán / Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Mexico ...1370, 1426 Mussi, Luca / Università degli Studi di Perugia, Italy ...840, 848 Mutihac, Radu / University of Bucharest, Romania ...22, 223, 1056 Narula, Prayag / University of Delhi, India ...589, 1530 Neto, João José / Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil ...37
Nitta, Tohru / AIST, Japan ...361
Nóvoa, Francisco J. / University of A Coruña, Spain ...110
Oja, Erkki / Helsinki University of Technology, Finland ...1343
Olteanu, Madalina / Université de Paris I – CES SAMOS, France ...996
Ortiz-de-Lazcano-Lobato, Juan M. / University of Málaga, Spain ...1112
Pacheco, Marco / PUC-Rio, Brazil...808, 817 Panigrahi, Bijaya K. / Indian Institute of Technology, India ...1145
Papaioannou, Ioannis / National Technical University of Athens, Greece ...1418, 1524 Pazos Montañés, Félix / University of A Coruña, Spain ...167
Pazos Sierra, Alejandro / University of A Coruña, Spain ...1283
Pedreira, Nieves / University of A Coruña, Spain ...532
Pegalajar, M. C. / University of Granada, Spain ...1152
Pelta, David A. / Universidad de Granada, Spain ...480
Peña, Dexmont / Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Mexico...1462
Peng, Chun-Cheng / University of London, UK ...1411
Pérez, Juan L. / University of A Coruña, Spain ...118, 526 Pérez, Óscar / Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain ...282
Pérez-Sánchez, Beatriz / University of A Coruña, Spain ...667
Periscal, David / University of A Coruña, Spain ...618
Perl, Juergen / University of Mainz, Germany ...1212
Peters, Georg / Munich University of Applied Sciences, Germany ...774
Piana, Michele / Universita’ di Verona, Italy ...372
Planet, Santiago / Universitat Ramon Llull, Spain ...541
Poggi, Agostino / Università di Parma, Italy ...1404
Poh, Kim Leng / National University of Singapore, Singapore ...879
Porto Pazos, Ana Belén / University of A Coruña, Spain ...167
Principe, Jose C. / University of Florida, USA...902
Putonet, Carlos G. / University of Granada, Spain ...1226
Quackenbush, John / Harvard School of Public Health, USA ...65
Queiroz, João / State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), & Federal University of Bahia, Brazil ...1543
Quek, Chai / Nanyang Technological University, Singapore ...1396
Rabuñal Dopico, Juan Ramón / University of A Coruña, Spain ...125, 383 Raducanu, Bogdan / Computer Vision Center, Spain ...625
Ramos, Carlos / Polytechnic of Porto, Portugal ...92
Rashid, Shaista / University of Bradford, UK ...337
Răsvan, Vladimir / University of Craiova, Romania ...1212
Reyes-Galaviz, Orion Fausto / Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Mexico...860, 867 Reyes-García, Carlos Alberto / Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica Óptica y Electrónica, Mexico ...860, 867 Riaño Sierra, Jesús M. / University of Deusto, Spain ...344
Rigas, Dimitris / University of Bradford, UK ...337
Ríos, Juan / Inteligencia Artificial, Facultad de Informatica, UPM, Spain ...767
Rivero, Daniel / University of A Coruña, Spain ...125, 618 Rodrigues, Ernesto / Federal University of Technology, Brazil ...596
Rodriquez, Gregorio Iglesias / University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain ...144, 1614 Rodríguez, M. Antón / University of Valladolid, Spain ...1490, 1497 Rodríguez, Patricia Henríquez / University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain ...1266, 1439 Rodríguez, Santiago / University of A Coruña, Spain ...975
Rodríguez, Sara / Universidad de Salamanca, Spain ...1316
Rodríguez-Patón, Alfonso / Inteligencia Artificial, Facultad de Informatica, UPM, Spain ...767
Rojas, F. / University of Granada, Spain ...910
Rojas, F. J. / University of Granada, Spain ...910
Rojas, I. / University of Granada, Spain ...910
Rokach, Lior / Ben Gurion University, Israel ...884
Romero, Carlos F. / University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain ...1447
Romero, Enrique / Technical University of Catalonia, Spain ...1205
Romero-García, V. / Polytechnic University of Valencia, Spain ...1296
Rosa Zurera, Manuel / University of Alcalá, Spain ...933, 956 Roussaki, Ioanna / National Technical University of Athens, Greece ...1418, 1524 Rousset, Patrick / CEREQ, France ...1029
Roy, Shourya / IBM Research, India Research Lab, India ...99, 105 Ruano, Marcos / Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain ...1064
Rus, Vasile / The University of Memphis, USA ...1179
Rusiecki, Andrzej / Wroclaw University of Technology, Poland...1389
Russomanno, David J. / University of Memphis, USA ...304, 312 Sadri, Fariba / Imperial College London, UK...85
Salazar, Addisson / iTEAM, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Spain ...192, 199 Sanchez, Rodrigo Carballo / University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain ...144, 1614 Sánchez, Eduardo / University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain ...138, 1278 Sánchez, Ricardo / Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Mexico ...1462
Sánchez-Maroño, Noelia / University of A Coruña, Spain ...632
Sánchez-Montañés, Manuel / Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain ...282, 561 Sánchez-Pérez, J. V. / Polytechnic University of Valencia, Spain ...1296
Sanchis, J. / Polytechnic University of Valencia, Spain ...1296
Sanchis de Miguel, Araceli / Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain ...554
Sarathy, Rathindra / Oklahoma State University, USA ...1323
Savić, Dragan A. / University of Exeter, UK ...1042
Schleif, Frank-M. / University of Leipzig, Germany ...1337
Seoane, Antonio / University of A Coruña, Spain ...873
Seoane, María / University of A Coruña, Spain ...975, 982 Seoane Fernández, José Antonio / University of A Coruña, Spain ...236, 241, 744, 1273 Serantes, J. Andrés / University of A Coruña, Spain ...744
Şerban, Gheorghe / University of Pitesti, Romania ...609
Sergiadis, George D. / Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece ...967
Serrano, Arturo / iTEAM, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Spain ...192, 199 Serrano-López, Antonio J. / University of Valencia, Spain ...71
Sesmero Lorente, M. Paz / Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain ...554
Shambaugh, Neal / West Virginia University, USA ...1310
Sharkey, Amanda J.C. / University of Sheffield, UK ...161, 1537 Shilov, Nikolay V. / Russian Academy of Science, Institute of Informatics Systems, Russia ...1089
Sieber, Tanja / University of Miskolc, Hungary ...1130
Silaghi, Marius C. / Florida Insitute of Technology, USA ...507
Silva, Ivan N. / University of São Paulo, Brazil ...1121
Sloot, Peter M.A. / Section Computational Science, The University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands ...353
Socoró Carrié, Joan-Claudi / Universitat Ramon Llull, Spain ...541, 719 Sofron, Emil / University of Pitesti, Romania ...609
Song, Yu-Chen / Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, China ...297
Sorathia, Vikram / Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and Communication Technology, India ...494
Soria-Olivas, Emilio / University of Valencia, Spain ...71
Sossa, Humberto / Center for Computing Research, IPN, Mexico ...248
Souza, Flavio / UERJ, Brazil ...808, 817 Stanković, Milan / University of Belgrade, Serbia ...950
Stathis, Kostas / Royal Holloway, University of London, UK ...85
Suárez, Sonia / University of A Coruña, Spain ...975, 982 Subramaniam, L. Venkata / IBM Research, India Research Lab, India ...99, 105 Sulc, Bohumil / Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic ...567
Szenher, Matthew / University of Edinburgh, UK ...1185
Taktak, Azzam / Royal Liverpool University Hospital, UK ...390
Tang, Zaiyong / Salem State College, USA ...51
Tapia, Dante I. / Universidad de Salamanca, Spain ...1316
Taveira Pinto, Francisco / University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain ...1603
Tejera Santana, Aday / University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain ...270
Téllez, Ricardo / Technical University of Catalonia, Spain ...1095
Tettamanzi, Andrea G. B. / University of Milan, Italy ...575
Tikk, Domonkos / Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary ...654
Tlelo-Cuautle, Esteban / Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica Óptica y Electrónica, Mexico ...867
Tomaiuolo, Michele / Università di Parma, Italy ...1404
Torijano Gordo, Elena / University of Alcalá, Spain...956
Torres, Manuel / University of Castilla – La Mancha, Spain ...547
Travieso González, Carlos M. / University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain ...1259, 1447 Tumin, Sharil / University of Bergen, Norway ...1610
Turgay, Safiye / Abant İzzet Baysal University, Turkey ...924
Valdés, Julio J. / National Research Council Canada, Canada ...1205, 1589 Valenzuela, O. / University of Granada, Spain ...910
Vargas, J. Francisco / University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain & Universidad de Antioquia,
Colombia ...1232
Vazquez, Roberto A. / Center for Computing Research, IPN, Mexico ...248
Vázquez Naya, José Manuel / University of A Coruña, Spain ...1283, 1290 Vellasco, Marley / PUC-Rio, Brazil ...808, 817 Verdegay, José L. / Universidad de Granada, Spain ...480
Villmann, Thomas / University of Leipzig, Germany ...1337
Vlachos, Ioannis K. / Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece ...967
Voiry, Matthieu / University of Paris, France & SAGEM REOSC, France ...131
Wang, John / Montclair State University, USA ...418, 424, 974, 963, 1036 Wilkosz, Kazimierz / Wroclaw University of Technology, Poland ...1356
Williamson, Kristian / Statistics Canada, Canada ...31
Wong, T. T. / The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong ...1568
Xu, Lei / Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong & Peking University, China ...318, 892, 1343 Yaman, Fahrettin / Abant İzzet Baysal University, Turkey ...924
Yan, Hong / City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong & University of Sydney, Australia ...289
Yan, Yan / Tsinghua University, Beijing, China ...1455
Yao, James / Montclair State University, USA ...418, 424 Yokoo, Makoto / Kyushu University, Japan ...507
Yousuf, Muhammad Ali / Tecnologico de Monterrey – Santa Fe Campus, México...1383
Zajac, Pavol / Slovak University of Technology, Slovakia ...179, 186 Zamora-Martínez, Francisco / Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain ...231
Zarri, Gian Piero / LaLIC, University Paris 4-Sorbonne, France ...1159, 1167 Zatarain, Ramon / Instituto Tecnologico de Culiacan, Mexico ...860
Zhang, Yu-Jin / Tsinghua University, Beijing, China ...1455
Zhao, Yi / Fernuniversitaet in Hagen, Germany...1079
Ziemke, Tom / University of Skovde, Sweden ...1376
Contents
by Volume
Volume I
Active Learning with SVM / Jun Jiang, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; and
Horace H. S. Ip, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong ...1 Adaptive Algorithms for Intelligent Geometric Computing / M. L. Gavrilova, University of Calgary,
Canada ...9 Adaptive Business Intelligence / Zbigniew Michalewicz, The University of Adelaide, Australia ...16 Adaptive Neural Algorithms for PCA and ICA / Radu Mutihac, University of Bucharest, Romania ...22 Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Systems / Larbi Esmahi, Athabasca University, Canada; Kristian Williamson,
Statistics Canada, Canada; and Elarbi Badidi, United Arab Emirates University, UAE ...31
Adaptive Technology and Its Applications / João José Neto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil ...37 Advanced Cellular Neural Networks Image Processing / J. Álvaro Fernández, University of
Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain ...45 Agent-Based Intelligent System Modeling / Zaiyong Tang, Salem State College, USA; Xiaoyu Huang,
University of Shanghai for Science & Technology, China; and Kallol Bagchi, University of Texas
at El Paso, USA ...51 AI and Ideas by Statistical Mechanics / Lester Ingber, Lester Ingber Research, USA ...58 AI Methods for Analyzing Microarray Data / Amira Djebbari, National Research Council Canada,
Canada; Aedín C. Culhane, Harvard School of Public Health, USA; Alice J. Armstrong,
The George Washington University, USA; and John Quackenbush, Harvard School of Public Health,
USA ...65 AI Walk from Pharmacokinetics to Marketing, An / José D. Martín-Guerrero, University of Valencia,
Spain; Emilio Soria-Olivas, University of Valencia, Spain; Paulo J.G. Lisboa, Liverpool John Moores
University, UK; and Antonio J. Serrano-López, University of Valencia, Spain ...71 Algorithms for Association Rule Mining / Vasudha Bhatnagar, University of Delhi, India;
Anamika Gupta, University of Delhi, India; and Naveen Kumar, University of Delhi, India ...76
Ambient Intelligence / Fariba Sadri, Imperial College London, UK; and Kostas Stathis,
Royal Holloway, University of London, UK ... 85
Ambient Intelligence Environments / Carlos Ramos, Polytechnic of Porto, Portugal ... 92 Analytics for Noisy Unstructured Text Data I / Shourya Roy, IBM Research, India Research Lab, India;
and L. Venkata Subramaniam, IBM Research, India Research Lab, India... 99
Analytics for Noisy Unstructured Text Data II / L. Venkata Subramaniam, IBM Research, India Research Lab, India; and Shourya Roy, IBM Research, India Research Lab, India... 105
Angiographic Images Segmentation Techniques / Francisco J. Nóvoa, University of A Coruña, Spain;
Alberto Curra, University of A Coruña, Spain; M. Gloria López, University of A Coruña, Spain; and
Virginia Mato, University of A Coruña, Spain ... 110
ANN Application in the Field of Structural Concrete / Juan L. Pérez, University of A Coruña, Spain;
Mª Isabel Martínez, University of A Coruña, Spain; and Manuel F. Herrador, University of A
Coruña, Spain ... 118
ANN Development with EC Tools: An Overview / Daniel Rivero, University of A Coruña, Spain;
and Juan Ramón Rabuñal Dopico, University of A Coruña, Spain ... 125
ANN-Based Defects’ Diagnosis of Industrial Optical Devices / Matthieu Voiry, University of Paris, France & SAGEM REOSC, France; Véronique Amarger, University of Paris, France; Joel Bernier,
SAGEM REOSC, France; and Kurosh Madani, University of Paris, France ... 131
Artificial Intelligence and Education / Eduardo Sánchez, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
and Manuel Lama, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain ... 138
Artificial Intelligence and Rubble-Mound Breakwater Stability / Gregorio Iglesias Rodriquez, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Alberte Castro Ponte, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
Rodrigo Carballo Sanchez, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; and Miguel Ángel Losada
Rodriguez, University of Granada, Spain ... 144
Artificial Intelligence for Information Retrieval / Thomas Mandl, University of Hildesheim, Germany ...151 Artificial Intelligence in Computer-Aided Diagnosis / Paulo Eduardo Ambrósio, Santa Cruz State
University, Brazil ... 157
Artificial Neural Networks and Cognitive Modelling / Amanda J.C. Sharkey, University of Sheffield, UK ...161 Artificial NeuroGlial Networks / Ana Belén Porto Pazos, University of A Coruña, Spain; Alberto Alvarellos González, University of A Coruña, Spain; and Félix Montañés Pazos, University of A Coruña, Spain ... 167
Association Rule Mining / Vasudha Bhatnagar, University of Delhi, India; and Sarabjeet Kochhar,
University of Delhi, India ... 172
Automated Cryptanalysis / Otokar Grošek, Slovak University of Technology, Slovakia; and
Pavol Zajac, Slovak University of Technology, Slovakia ... 179
Automated Cryptanalysis of Classical Ciphers / Otokar Grošek, Slovak University of Technology,
Slovakia; and Pavol Zajac, Slovak University of Technology, Slovakia ... 186
Automatic Classification of Impact-Echo Spectra I / Addisson Salazar, iTEAM, Polytechnic
University of Valencia, Spain; and Arturo Serrano, iTEAM, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Spain ... 192
Automatic Classification of Impact-Echo Spectra II / Addisson Salazar, iTEAM, Polytechnic
University of Valencia, Spain; and Arturo Serrano, iTEAM, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Spain ... 199
AVI of Surface Flaws on Manufactures I / Girolamo Fornarelli, Politecnico di Bari, Italy;
and Antonio Giaquinto, Politecnico di Bari, Italy ... 206
AVI of Surface Flaws on Manufactures II / Girolamo Fornarelli, Politecnico di Bari, Italy;
and Antonio Giaquinto, Politecnico di Bari, Italy ... 211
Basic Cellular Neural Networks Image Processing / J. Álvaro Fernández,
University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain ... 218
Bayesian Neural Networks for Image Restoration / Radu Mutihac, University of Bucharest,
Romania ... 223
Behaviour-Based Clustering of Neural Networks / María José Castro-Bleda, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain; Salvador España-Boquera, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain; and Francisco Zamora-Martínez, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia,
Spain ... 231
Bio-Inspired Algorithms in Bioinformatics I / José Antonio Seoane Fernández, University of
A Coruña, Spain; and Mónica Miguélez Rico, University of A Coruña, Spain ... 236
Bio-Inspired Algorithms in Bioinformatics II / José Antonio Seoane Fernández, University
of A Coruña, Spain; and Mónica Miguélez Rico, University of A Coruña, Spain ... 241
Bioinspired Associative Memories / Roberto A. Vazquez, Center for Computing Research, IPN,
Mexico; and Humberto Sossa, Center for Computing Research, IPN, Mexico ... 248
Bio-Inspired Dynamical Tools for Analyzing Cognition / Manuel G. Bedia, University of Zaragoza, Spain; Juan M. Corchado, University of Salamanca, Spain; and Luis F. Castillo,
National University, Colombia ... 256
Biometric Security Technology / Marcos Faundez-Zanuy, Escola Universitària Politècnica de
Mataró, Spain ... 262
Blind Source Separation by ICA / Miguel A. Ferrer, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain;
and Aday Tejera Santana, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain ... 270
Chaotic Neural Networks / Emilio Del-Moral-Hernandez, University of São Paulo, Brazil ... 275 Class Prediction in Test Sets with Shifted Distributions / Óscar Pérez, Universidad Autónoma
de Madrid, Spain; and Manuel Sánchez-Montañés, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain ... 282
Cluster Analysis of Gene Expression Data / Alan Wee-Chung Liew, Griffith University, Australia;
Ngai-Fong Law, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong; and Hong Yan, City University
of Hong Kong, Hong Kong & University of Sydney, Australia... 289
Clustering Algorithm for Arbitrary Data Sets / Yu-Chen Song, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, China; and Hai-Dong Meng, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology,
China ... 297
CNS Tumor Prediction Using Gene Expression Data Part I / Atiq Islam, University of Memphis, USA;
Khan M. Iftekharuddin, University of Memphis, USA; E. Olusegun George, University of Memphis, USA;
and David J. Russomanno, University of Memphis, USA ... 304
CNS Tumor Prediction Using Gene Expression Data Part II / Atiq Islam, University of Memphis, USA;
Khan M. Iftekharuddin, University of Memphis, USA; E. Olusegun George, University of Memphis, USA;
and David J. Russomanno, University of Memphis, USA ... 312
Combining Classifiers and Learning Mixture-of-Experts / Lei Xu, Chinese University of Hong Kong,
Hong Kong & Peking University, China; and Shun-ichi Amari, Brain Science Institute, Japan ... 318
Commonsense Knowledge Representation I / Phillip Ein-Dor, Tel-Aviv University, Israel ... 327 Commonsense Knowledge Representation II / Phillip Ein-Dor, Tel-Aviv University, Israel ... 334 Comparative Study on E-Note-Taking, A / Shaista Rashid, University of Bradford, UK;
and Dimitris Rigas, University of Bradford, UK ... 337
Comparison of Cooling Schedules for Simulated Annealing, A / José Fernando Díaz Martín,
University of Deusto, Spain; and Jesús M. Riaño Sierra, University of Deusto, Spain ... 344
Complex Systems Modeling by Cellular Automata / Jiří Kroc, Section Computational Science,
The University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Peter M.A. Sloot, Section Computational Science, The University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands ... 353
Complex-Valued Neural Networks / Tohru Nitta, AIST, Japan ... 361 Component Analysis in Artificial Vision / Oscar Déniz Suárez, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; and Gloria Bueno García, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain ... 367
Computational Methods in Biomedical Imaging / Michele Piana, Universita’ di Verona, Italy ... 372 Computer Morphogenesis in Self-Organizing Structures / Enrique Fernández-Blanco,
University of A Coruña, Spain; and Julián Dorado, University of A Coruña, Spain ... 377
Computer Vision for Wave Flume Experiments / Óscar Ibáñez, University of A Coruña, Spain;
and Juan Rabuñal Dopico, University of A Coruña, Spain ... 383
Conditional Hazard Estimating Neural Networks / Antonio Eleuteri, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, UK; Azzam Taktak, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, UK; Bertil Damato, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, UK; Angela Douglas, Liverpool Women’s Hospital, UK; and Sarah Coupland, Royal Liverpool
Configuration / Luca Anselma, Università di Torino, Italy; and Diego Magro,
Università di Torino, Italy ... 396
Constraint Processing / Roman Barták, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic ... 404 Continuous ACO in a SVR Traffic Forecasting Model / Wei-Chiang Hong, Oriental Institute
of Technology, Taiwan ... 410
Data Mining Fundamental Concepts and Critical Issues / John Wang, Montclair State University, USA;
Qiyang Chen, Montclair State University, USA; and James Yao, Montclair State University, USA ... 418
Data Warehousing Development and Design Methodologies / James Yao, Montclair State University,
USA; and John Wang, Montclair State University, USA ... 424
Decision Making in Intelligent Agents / Mats Danielson, Stockholm University, Sweden &
Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden; and Love Ekenberg, Stockholm University, Sweden &
Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden ... 431
Decision Tree Applications for Data Modelling / Man Wai Lee, Brunel University, UK;
Kyriacos Chrysostomou, Brunel University, UK; Sherry Y. Chen, Brunel University, UK; and
Xiaohui Liu, Brunel University, UK ... 437
Dempster-Shafer Theory, The / Malcolm J. Beynon, Cardiff University, UK ... 443 Dependency Parsing: Recent Advances / Ruket Çakıcı, University of Edinburgh, UK ...449 Designing Unsupervised Hierarchical Fuzzy Logic Systems / M. Mohammadian,
University of Canberra, Australia ... 456
Developmental Robotics / Max Lungarella, University of Zurich, Switzerland; and Gabriel Gómez,
University of Zurich, Switzerland ... 464
Device-Level Majority von Neumann Multiplexing / Valeriu Beiu, United Arab Emirates University, UAE; Walid Ibrahim, United Arab Emirates University, UAE; and Sanja Lazarova-Molnar, United Arab Emirates University, UAE ... 471
Different Approaches for Cooperation with Metaheuristics / José M. Cadenas, Universidad de Murcia, Spain; Mª Carmen Garrido, Universidad de Murcia, Spain; Enrique Muñoz, Universidad de Murcia, Spain; Carlos Cruz-Corona, Universidad de Granada, Spain; David A. Pelta,
Universidad de Granada, Spain; and José L. Verdegay, Universidad de Granada, Spain ... 480
Differential Evolution with Self-Adaptation / Janez Brest, University of Maribor, Slovenia ... 488 Discovering Mappings Between Ontologies / Vikram Sorathia, Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of
Information and Communication Technology, India; and Anutosh Maitra, Dhirubhai Ambani Institute
of Information and Communication Technology, India ... 494
Disk-Based Search / Stefan Edelkamp, University of Dortmund, Germany; and Shahid Jabbar,
University of Dortmund, Germany ... 501
Distributed Constraint Reasoning / Marius C. Silaghi, Florida Insitute of Technology, USA;
and Makoto Yokoo, Kyushu University, Japan ... 507
Distributed Representation of Compositional Structure / Simon D. Levy, Washington and Lee
University, USA ... 514
EA Multi-Model Selection for SVM / Gilles Lebrun, University of Caen Basse-Normandie, France; Olivier Lezoray, University of Caen Basse-Normandie, France; Christophe Charrier, University of Caen Basse-Normandie, France; and Hubert Cardot, University François-Rabelais
of Tours, France ... 520
EC Techniques in the Structural Concrete Field / Juan L. Pérez, University of A Coruña, Spain; Belén González-Fonteboa, University of A Coruña, Spain; and Fernando Martínez Abella,
University of A Coruña, Spain ... 526
E-Learning in New Technologies / Nieves Pedreira, University of A Coruña, Spain;
José Ramón Méndez Salgueiro, University of A Coruña, Spain; and Manuel Martínez Carballo,
University of A Coruña, Spain ... 532
Emerging Applications in Immersive Technologies / Darryl N. Davis, University of Hull, UK;
and Paul M. Chapman, University of Hull, UK ... 536
Emulating Subjective Criteria in Corpus Validation / Ignasi Iriondo, Universitat Ramon Llull, Spain;
Santiago Planet, Universitat Ramon Llull, Spain; Francesc Alías, Universitat Ramon Llull, Spain;
Joan-Claudi Socoró, Universitat Ramon Llull, Spain; and Elisa Martínez, Universitat Ramon Llull,
Spain ... 541
Volume II
Energy Minimizing Active Models in Artificial Vision / Gloria Bueno García, University of Castilla – La Mancha, Spain; Antonio Martínez, University of Castilla – La Mancha, Spain;
Roberto González, University of Castilla – La Mancha, Spain; and Manuel Torres,
University of Castilla – La Mancha, Spain ... 547
Ensemble of ANN for Traffic Sign Recognition / M. Paz Sesmero Lorente, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain; Juan Manuel Alonso-Weber, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain;
Germán Gutiérrez Sánchez, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain; Agapito Ledezma Espino, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain; and Araceli Sanchis de Miguel, Universidad Carlos
III de Madrid, Spain ... 554
Ensemble of SVM Classifiers for Spam Filtering / Ángela Blanco, Universidad Pontificia de
Salamanca, Spain; and Manuel Martín-Merino, Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca, Spain ...561 Evolutionary Algorithms in Discredibility Detection / Bohumil Sulc, Czech Technical University
in Prague, Czech Republic; and David Klimanek, Czech Technical University in Prague,
Czech Republic ... 567
Evolutionary Approaches for ANNs Design / Antonia Azzini, University of Milan, Italy; and
Evolutionary Approaches to Variable Selection / Marcos Gestal, University of A Coruña, Spain;
and José Manuel Andrade, University of A Coruña, Spain ...581 Evolutionary Computing Approach for Ad-Hoc Networks / Prayag Narula, University of Delhi,
India; Sudip Misra, Yale University, USA; and Sanjay Kumar Dhurandher, University of Delhi,
India ...589 Evolutionary Grammatical Inference / Ernesto Rodrigues, Federal University of Technology,
Brazil; and Heitor Silvério Lopes, Federal University of Technology, Brazil ...596 Evolutionary Robotics / J. A. Becerra, University of A Coruña, Spain; and R. J. Duro, University of
A Coruña, Spain ...603 Evolved Synthesis of Digital Circuits / Laurenţiu Ionescu, University of Pitesti, Romania; Alin Mazare, University of Pitesti, Romania; Gheorghe Şerban, University of Pitesti, Romania; and Emil Sofron,
University of Pitesti, Romania ...609 Evolving Graphs for ANN Development and Simplification / Daniel Rivero, University of
A Coruña, Spain; and David Periscal, University of A Coruña, Spain ...618 Facial Expression Recognition for HCI Applications / Fadi Dornaika, Institut Géographique National, France; and Bogdan Raducanu, Computer Vision Center, Spain...625 Feature Selection / Noelia Sánchez-Maroño, University of A Coruña, Spain; and
Amparo Alonso-Betanzos, University of A Coruña, Spain ...632 Feed-Forward Artificial Neural Network Basics / Lluís A. Belanche Muñoz, Universitat
Politècnica de Catalunya, Spain ...639 Finding Multiple Solutions with GA in Multimodal Problems / Marcos Gestal, University of
A Coruña, Spain; and Mari Paz Gómez-Carracedo, University of A Coruña, Spain ...647 Full-Text Search Engines for Databases / László Kovács, University of Miskolc, Hungary;
and Domonkos Tikk, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary ...654 Functional Dimension Reduction for Chemometrics / Tuomas Kärnä, Helsinki University of
Technology, Finland; and Amaury Lendasse, Helsinki University of Technology, Finland ...661 Functional Networks / Oscar Fontenla-Romero, University of A Coruña, Spain;
Bertha Guijarro-Berdiñas, University of A Coruña, Spain; and Beatriz Pérez-Sánchez,
University of A Coruña, Spain ...667 Fuzzy Approximation of DES State / Juan Carlos González-Castolo, CINVESTAV Unidad
Guadalajara, Mexico; and Ernesto López-Mellado, CINVESTAV Unidad Guadalajara, Mexico ...677 Fuzzy Control Systems: An Introduction / Guanrong Chen, City University of Hong Kong,
Hong Kong; and Young Hoon Joo, Kunsan National University, Korea ...688 Fuzzy Decision Trees / Malcolm J. Beynon, Cardiff University, UK ...696