2. Tidigare forskning
5.5 Begränsningar
Även om resultaten i denna studie var positiva för deltagarna och kan tillföra kunskap till det idrottsliga fältet handboll så är de inte tillräckligt kraftfulla eller säkra för att kunna generaliseras eller användas som forskningsresultat. Den aktuella studien skulle kunna varit mer kraftfull med en kontrollgrupp och/eller fler deltagare. I och med det låga antalet deltagare var denna studie känslig vilket visade sig då antalet deltagare varierade i de olika testen till följd av skador och sjukdom. Detta medförde att det var svårt att se signifikanta förändringar samt att se statistiska skillnader i resultaten mellan grupperna. Men populationen vältränade handbollsspelare på elitnivå är begränsad, vilket var den grupp som var intressant för studieupplägget. Dels var laget det enda på elitnivå i det geografiska närområdet och dels är det rent praktiskt enklare att minimera skillnader i träningsvolym och intensitet då alla spelare i samma lag har i stort sett samma träningstid och -mängd.
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Interventionsträningsupplägget gjorde att träningsvolymen i de två grupperna skiljer sig åt då HIIT gruppen aktivt tränade 2,5 min per löpintervallpass medan RSE gruppens aktiva tid var 1 min per pass, vilket skulle kan vara en anledning till de olikheter i de resultat som redovisats. Dock var ett av studiens syften just att undersöka effekterna av två olika typer av träningsupplägg på RSA och annan handbollsrelaterad prestation.
Likt andra studier undersökande RSA är det svårt att demonstrera exakt vilken/vilka faktorer som orsakat trötthet och påverkats av interventionen och därmed tillskrivas förbättringarna.
Även om testerna i denna studie har visat validitet och reabilitet så skiljer sig testerna och träningsmetoderna mot de naturliga mönstren i handboll då de är bestämda (tid intervall, vila samt rörelsemönster) medan det under match är mer slumpartat (Billaut & Basset 2007, Bishop & Schneiker 2007). Kopplat till validitet så utför spelarna fler sprintar under match än vid interventionsträning och tester. Även om vi i denna studie ökade antalet sprintar i RSSA testet för att öka validiteten i testet kopplat till handbollens krav kanske det finns behov av att utveckla ett tränings- och testprotokoll som är än mer lika de arbete- och vila ratio samt rörelse mekanismerna som finns i handboll?
Syftet med denna studie var att praktiskt tillämpa befintlig kunskap för att försöka berika den idrottsspecifika kunskapen inom elithandboll och träning för att bibehålla (eller öka) prestation under säsong, Detta medför en del svagheter och begränsningar i
standardiseringen då träningar och testtillfällen måste anpassas till matchschema och specifik träning inför dessa och därmed inte alltid kunde genomföras på ett fysiologiskt optimalt sätt eller vid utsatt tidpunkt. Å andra sidan är det så det ser ut och gör att undersökningar ute på den naturliga idrottsarenan är viktigt att genomföra i deras kontext för att tillämpa och utveckla existerande kunskap. Förutom behovet av fler studier inom handbollsfältet med större populationer innefattande även kontrollgrupper skulle det även vara intressant att utveckla tränings- och testmetoder vilka är mer anpassade efter handbollens krav så som rörelsemönster och arbete/vila ratio mm. Likaså utveckla varianter kopplat till individuella spelartyper och/eller positioner.
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6 Slutsats
CCT är en tidseffektiv och bra metod för utveckling av maximalstyrka och kraftutveckling (RFD) under säsong. CCT kanske trots detta inte har en positiv effekt på utveckling av acceleration då den kombineras med intervallträning, framför allt inte vid RSE intervaller. Dock kan kombinationen HIIT- CCT potentiellt utveckla acceleration och maximal
sprinthastighet samt initial sprintförmåga vid RSA men då i kombination med sprintträning och eventuellt i annan träningsfas. HIIT kan vara en bättre träningsmetod än RSE för att bibehålla alternativt öka förmågan till upprepade sprintar (RSA), troligen på grund av förbättrad anaerob kapacitet och perifer förmåga. Accelerationsförmågan vid 5 meter sprint kan minska vid RSE men mindre (eller ökat) vid HIIT.
Träningsmodellen med kombinerad CCT och HIIT/RSE verkar inte innebära något motsatsförhållande för samtidig utveckling av VO2max, specifik uthållighet, maximal
sprinthasighet, styrka eller RFD (samt bibehållen power).
CCT kombinerat med HIIT träning är en effektiv (mer än RSE) träningsmetod för att bibehålla och utveckla fysiska egenskaper relevanta för handbollsprestation, såsom maximal styrka, RFD, kondition, specifik uthållighet och komponenter kopplade till RSA under tävlingssäsong för manliga elithandbollsspelare.
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