• No results found

Ett givet förslag på vidare studier i detta område är att testa överbetalningar mot andra förklaringsfaktorer än de som undersökts i denna studie. För att vidare öka förståelsen för detta fenomen är det essentiellt att förstå vilka faktorer det är som ligger bakom och driver överbetalningarna under IFRS 3. Ett sätt att pröva huruvida överbetalningar påverkas av personliga incitament, liknande de som diskuterats i denna studie, är att framställa mått för exempelvis hybris eller narcissism. Ett sätt att mäta hybris skulle kunna vara att följa ett företag och dess överbetalningar över tid, för att identifiera om överbetalningen ökat proportionerligt med tiden. På detta sätt skulle man kunna identifiera om överbetalningarna hos det specifika företaget är ett resultat av exempelvis skifte i företagsledningen eller möjligtvis en effekt av

företagsledningens personliga karaktäristika. Vi har en stor medvetenhet kring att det finns svårigheter när det kommer till att mäta och utkristallisera personliga karakteristika, men vi tror att en del av förklaringen avseende varför överbetalningarna ökat under IFRS 3 kan uppnås med ett mer kvalitativt tillvägagångssätt.

Referenslista

Abughazaleh, M Naser, Al-Hares, M Osama & Roberts, Clare. (2011). Accounting Discretion in Goodwill Impairments: UK-Evidence. Journal of International Financial management & Accounting. 22(3):165-204.

Abughazaleh, M Naser, Al-Hares, M Osama & Haddad, E Ayman (2012). The Value

Relevance of Goodwill Impairments: UK-Evidence. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 4(4).

André, Paul, Filip, Andrei & Paugam, Luc (2016). Examining the Patterns of Goodwill Impairments in Europe and the US. Accounting in Europe, 13: 329–352.

Bradbury, Michael, Godfrey, Jayne & Koh, Ping-Sheng (2003). Investment Opportunity Set Influence on Goodwill Amortization. Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting & Economics, 10: 57–79.

Barksjö, Paananen, 2006. Redovisningens kvalitet efter införandet av IFRS 3. Handelshögskolan vid Göteborgs universitet.

Bartov, Eli, Cheng, Agnes CS & Wu, Hong. (2018). Overbidding in Mergers And

Acquisitions: The Unintended Accounting Effect. School of Accounting And Finance Hong Kong Polytechnic University.

Bartov, Eli, Cheng, Agnes CS & Wu, Hong. (2016). SFAS 142 and Overbidding in Mergers and Acquisitions. School of Accounting And Finance Hong Kong Polytechnic University. Beatty, Anne & Weber, Joseph (2006). Accounting Discretion in Fair Value Estimates: An Examination of SFAS 142 Goodwill Impairments. Journal of Accounting Research 44: 257– 288.

Berk, Jonathan & DeMarzo, Peter (2016). Corporate finance. Pearson Education.

Black, S Bernard (1988). Bidder Overpayment in Takeovers. Stan. L. Rev. 41:597–660.

Bodie, Zvi, Kane, Alex & Marcus, J Alan (2018). Investments. McGraw-Hill Higher Education, Economics and Management.

Borglund, Tommy, Frostenson, Magnus. & Windell, Karolina. (2010). Effekterna av hållbarhetsredovisning: En studie av konsekvenserna av de nya riktlinjerna om hållbarhetsinformation i statligt ägda företag. Artikelnummer N2010.30.

Breusch, S Trevor & Pagan, R Adrian (1979). A Simple Test for Heteroscedasticity and Random Coefficient Variation. Econometrics 47: 1287–1294.

Bruner, F Robert (2002). Does M&A Pay? A Survey of Evidence for the Decision-Maker. Journal of Applied Finance, 12(1):48-69.

Bugeja, Martin & Gallery, Natalie (2006). Is older goodwill value relevant? Accounting and Finance 46(4): 519–535.

Bugeja, Martin & Loyeung, Anna (2015). What drives the allocation of the purchase price to goodwill? Journal of Contemporary Accounting & Economics 11: 245–261.

Bushman, M Robert & Piotroski, D Joseph (2006). Financial reporting incentives for conservative accounting: The influence of legal and political institutions. Journal of Accounting and Economics 42: 107–148.

Callen, L Jeffrey (2015). A selective critical review of financial accounting research. Critical Perspectives on Accounting 26: 157–167.

Chalmers, G Keryn, Godfrey, M Jayne & Webster, C John (2011). Does a goodwill

impairment regime better reflect the underlying economic attributes of goodwill? Accounting & Finance 51: 634–660.

Chambers, J Dennis. (2007). Has Goodwill Accounting Under SFAS 142 Improved Financial Reporting? Von Allmen School of Accountancy. University Of Kentucky.

Chen, Changling, Kohlbeck, Mark, Warfield, Terry (2008). Timeliness of impairment

recognition: Evidence from the initial adoption of SFAS 142. Advances in Accounting 24: 72– 81.

Dahmström, Karin (2017). Från datainsamling till rapport. Studentlitteratur. 5:5 Uppl.

DiMaggio, J Paul, (1995). Comments on “What Theory is Not.” Administrative Science Quarterly 40: 391–397.

Eisenhardt, M Kathleen (1989). Agency Theory: An Assessment and Review. The Academy of Management Review 14: 57–74.

Eloff, Anne-Marie & de Villiers, Charl (2015). The value-relevance of goodwill reported under IFRS 3 versus IAS 22. South African Journal of Accounting Research 29: 162–176.

Fama, F Eugene (1970). Efficient Capital Markets: A Review of Theory and Empirical Work. The Journal of Finance 25: 383–417.

Fama, F Eugene & Jensen, C Michael (1983). Separation of Ownership and Control. The Journal of Law & Economics 26: 301–325.

FASB (2019). Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 142: Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (2001).

https://www.fasb.org/jsp/FASB/Document_C/DocumentPage?cid=1218220124961&accepted Disclaimer=true

[Hämtad: 2019-04-10]

Fields, D Thomas, Lys, Z Thomas & Vincent, Linda (2001). Empirical research on accounting choice. Journal of Accounting and Economics 31(1-3): 255-307.

Frostenson, Magnus (2015). Redovisningsteori. Studentlitteratur AB.

Garcia, Clemence (2006). How Accounting for Goodwill relies on Underlying Assumptions: a Historical Approach. Meji Gaukin University, Tokyo Japan, 1-32.

Giner, Begoña & Pardo, Fransisca (2015). How Ethical are Managers’ Goodwill Impairment Decisions in Spanish-Listed Firms? Journal of Business Ethics 132: 21–40.

Glaum, Martin, Schmidt, Peter, Street, L Donna & Vogel, Silvia (2013). Compliance with IFRS 3- and IAS 36-required disclosures across 17 European countries: company- and country-level determinants. Accounting and Business Research 43: 163–204.

Godfrey, M Jayne & Koh, Ping-Sheng (2009). Goodwill impairment as a reflection of investment opportunities. Accounting & Finance 49: 117–140.

Ghosh, Aloke (2001). Does operating performance really improve following corporate acquisitions? Journal of Corporate Finance 7: 151–178.

Grinstein, Yaniv & Hribar, Paul (2004). CEO compensation and incentives: Evidence from M&A bonuses. Journal of financial economics. 73(1): 119-143.

Gujarati, N Damodar & Porter, C Dawn (1999). Essentials of econometrics. McGraw- Hill/Irwin, New York. 4: uppl.

Hall, C Steven (1993). Determinants of Goodwill Amortization Period. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting 20: 613–621.

Hamberg, Mattias., Beisland, Leif-Atle, (2014). Changes in the value relevance of goodwill accounting following the adoption of IFRS 3. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation 23: 59–73.

Hayn, Carla & Hughes, J Patricia (2006). Leading Indicators of Goodwill Impairment. Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance. 21(3): 223-265.

Hayward, L.A Mathew & Hambrick, C Donald (1997). Explaining the Premiums Paid for Large Acquisitions: Evidence of CEO Hubris. Administrative Science Quarterly 42: 103–127.

Heale, Roberta & Twycross, Alison (2015). Validity and reliability in quantitative studies. Evidence Based Nursing 18: 66–67.

Healy, M Paul, Palepu, G Krishna & Ruback, S Richard (1992). Does corporate performance improve after mergers? Journal of Financial Economics 31(2): 135-175.

Henning, L Steven, Lewis, L Barry & Shaw, H Wayne (2000). Valuation of the Components of Purchased Goodwill. Journal of Accounting Research 38: 375–386.

Hirschey, Mark & Richardson, J Vernon (2002). Information content of accounting goodwill numbers. Journal of Accounting And Public Policy. 21(3): 173-191.

Holthausen, W Robert (1990). Accounting method choice. Opportunistic behaviour, efficient contracting, and information perspectives. Journal of Accounting and Economics. 12(1-3): 207-218.

IASB (2019). IFRS 3: Business combinations

https://www.ifrs.org/issued-standards/list-of-standards/ifrs-3-business-combinations/ [Hämtad: 2019-05-07]

Ismail, Ahmad (2011). Does the Management’s Forecast of Merger Synergies Explain the Premium Paid, the Method of Payment, and Merger Motives? Financial Management 40: 879–910.

Jensen, C Michael & Meckling, H William (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behaviour, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics 3(4): 305-360.

Jensen, C Michael (1986). Agency Costs of Free Cash Flow, Corporate Finance, and Takeovers. The American Economic Review, 76:: 323–329.

Johnson, L Todd & Petrone, R Kimberly (1998). Is Goodwill an Asset? Accounting Horizons 12(3): 293–303.

Peristeris, Konstantinos (2016). Goodwill Impairments Versus Goodwill Amortizations: Which regime reflects better the underlying economic attributes of goodwill? Department of Banking and Financial Management. University of Pireus.

Krejicie, V Robert & Morgan, W Daryle (1970). Determining Sample Size For Research Activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement. 30: 607-610.

Lantz, Björn (2014). Den statistiska undersökningen - grundläggande metodik och och typiska problem. Studentlitteratur AB. 2:a Uppl.

Li, K Kevin & Sloan, G Richard (2017). Has goodwill accounting gone bad? Review of Accounting Studies 22: 964–1003.

Liu, Jing & Ohlson, A James (1995). The Feltham-Ohlson Model: Empirical Implications 11. Journal of Accounting, Auditing And Finance 15(3): 321-331.

Lorentzon, Johan & Ekberg, Mats (2007). Missbruk av goodwill en fråga för revisorerna. https://www.aktiespararna.se/Artikelarkiv/Repotage/2007/maj/Missbruk-av-goodwill--en- fraga-for-revisorerna

[Hämtad: 2019-05-07]

Lys, Z Thomas, Vincent, Linda & Yehuda, Nir (2012). The Nature and Implications of Acquisition Goodwill.

Marton, Jan, Runesson, Emmeli & Samani Khosravi, Niuosha. (2018). Financial Accounting Theory. Studentlitteratur AB.

Massoud, F Mark & Raiborn, A Cecily (2003). Accounting for Goodwill: Are We Better Off? Review of Business, 24: 26.

Mellen, M Chris & Evans, C Frank (2010). Valuation for M&A-Building Value in private companies. Wiley.

Morck, Randall, Shleifer, Andrei & Vishny, W Robert (1990). Do Managerial Objectives Drive Bad Acquisitions?. The Journal of Finance. 45(1):31-48

Mukherjee, K Tarun, Kiymaz, Halil & Baker, H Kent (2004). Merger Motives And Target Evaluation: A Survey Of Evidence From CFO´s. Journal Of Applied Finance, 14(2).

Newbold, Paul, Carlson, L Willian & Thorne, Betty (2013). Statistics for business and economics. Pearson Education, 8 Uppl.

Nyquist, Hans (2017). Statistikens grunder: Vetenskap, empiriska undersökningar och statistisk analys. Studentlitteratur AB.

Ohlson, A James (1995). Earnings, Book Values, and Dividends in Equity Valuation. Contemporary Accounting Research, 11: 661–687.

Qasim, Amer, Haddad, E Ayman & Abughazaleh (2013). Goodwill Accounting in the United Kingdom: The Effect of International Financial Reporting Standards. Review of Business & Finance Studies, 4(1); 63-78

Raghavendra, P Rau & Vermaelen, Theo (1998). Glamour, value and the post-acquisition performance of acquiring firms. Journal of Financial Economics, 49: 223–253.

Ramanna, Kathrik (2007). The Implications of Unverifiable Fair-value Accounting: Evidence From The Political Economy of Goodwill Accounting.

Ramanna, Kathrik & Watts, L Ross (2012). Evidence on the use of unverifiable estimates in required goodwill impairment. Review of Accounting Studies, 17: 749–780

Rees, A David & Janes, D Troy (2012). The Continuing Evolution of Accounting for Goodwill. CPA Journal, 82: 30–33.

Rimmel, Gunnar & Jonäll, Kristina (2016). Redovisningsteorier: Viktiga begrepp och teoretiska perspektiv inom redovisning. Sanoma utbildning.

Roll, Richard (1986). The Hubris Hypothesis of Corporate Takeovers. The Journal of Business, 59: 197–216.

Schatt, Alain, Doukakis, Leonidas, Bessieux-Ollier, Corinne & Walliser, Elisabeth (2016). Do Goodwill Impairments by European Firms Provide Useful Information to Investors? Accounting in Europe, 13: 307–327.

Shalev, R., Zhang, I.X., Zhang, Y., 2013. CEO Compensation and Fair Value Accounting: Evidence from Purchase Price Allocation. Journal of Accounting Research 51, 819–854.

Shapiro, P Susan (2005). Agency Theory. Annual Review of Sociology, 31: 263–284.

Shleifer, Andrei & Vishny, W Robert (2003). Stock market driven acquisitions. Journal of Financial Economics, 70: 295–311

Sirower, L Mark (1997). The Synergy Trap - How Companies Lose the Acquisition game. New York: The Free Press.

Slusky, R Alexander & Caves, E Richard (1991). Synergy, Agency, and the Determinants of Premia Paid in Mergers. The Journal of Industrial Economics, 39: 277–296.

Stock, H James & Watson, W Mark (2014). Introduction to econometrics. Pearson Education. 3:1 Uppl.

Sutton, R.I., Staw, B.M., 1995. What Theory is Not. Administrative Science Quarterly, 40: 371–384.

Van Hulzen, Paul, Alfonso, Laura & Georgakopoulos, Georgios, Sotiropoulos, Ioannis (2011). Amortisation Versus Impairment of Goodwill and Accounting Quality. International Journal of Economic Sciences And Applied Research. (3): 93-118.

Warfield, D Terry, Wild, J John & Wild, L Kenneth. (1995). Managerial Ownership,

accounting choices, and informativeness of earnings. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 20(1): 61-91.

Watts, L Ross & Zimmerman, L Jerold (1986). Positive Accounting Theory. Prentice Hall, inc, Englewood Cliffs.

Watts, L Ross & Zimmerman, L Jerold (1978) Towards a Positive Theory of the Determination of Accounting Standards. The Accounting Review, 53: 112–134.

Weick, E Karl (1995). What Theory is Not, Theorizing Is. Administrative Science Quarterly, 40: 385–390.

Wen, He & Moehrle, R Stephen (2016). Accounting for goodwill: An academic literature review and analysis to inform the debate. Research in Accounting Regulation, 28(1): 11-21.

Wong, Jilnaught & Wong, Norman (2001). The Investment Opportunity Set and Acquired Goodwill. Contemporary Accounting Research, 18: 173–196.

Bilagor

Bilaga 1: Spridningsdiagram för identifiering av extremvärden för oberoende variabel synergi

Bilaga 2: Spridningsdiagram för identifiering av extremvärden för oberoende variabel marknadsvärde

Bilaga 3: Spridningsdiagram för identifiering av extremvärden för oberoende variabel operativ effektivitet

Bilaga 4: Spridningsdiagram för identifiering av extremvärden för oberoende variabel likvida medel

Related documents