Framtida arbete - Delsbo Electric: Lättkonstruktion av spårfordon: Konstruktion av Bottenplat

Det optimala resultatet är delvis en produkt av det bestämda styvhetskravet som innebär att bottenplattan maximalt får deformeras 3 mm. I vidare utveckling och konstruktion av KTH:s tävlingsfordon bör styvhetskravet utvärderas då bottenplattans ytdensitet kan reduceras från 4.5 _m^kg₂ till 3.55 _m^kg₂ om en maximal utböjning på 15 mm tillåtes, detta reducerar totalvikten med cirka 2.9 kg.

Forddonsdynamiska analyser har inte genomförts i detta arbete. Avståndet mellan hjulaxlarna är en parameter som påverka fordonets beteende under färd. De två undersökta lastfallen har endast jämförts med avseende på vilken av dem som ger lägsta resulterande totalvikt. I vidare arbete bör dessa lastfall analyseras med avseende på forddonsdynamiska egenskaper.

Referenser

[1] Alfredsson, Bo. Handbok och formelsamling i Hållfasthetslära Elfte omarbetade upplagan. Institutionen för hållfasthetslära KTH, 2016.

[2] Delsbo, Electric. Delsbo Electric: Regler 2021. URL: https : / / www . delsboelectric.se/regler2021. (hämtat: 07.05.2021).

[3] Holmström Praesto, Gaston. “Delsbo Electric: Dynamic Analysis of a Rail Vehicle with High Energy Efficiency SD2230– Vehicle Dynamics Project Course Part 2”. I: (2021).

[4] Hull, D. och Clyne, T. W. An Introduction to Composite Materials 2nd ed.

Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge, 1996. ISBN: 0 521 38190 8.

[5] P. Geiberger, G. Holmström Praesto och Aravindababu, S.R. “Delsbo Electric: Concept design for a rail vehicle with high energy efficiency SD2229 – Vehicle Dynamics Project Course Part 1”. I: (2020).

[6] UIC, I. E. Agency och. Railway handbook 2012 energy consumption and co2 emissions. URL: https://www.uic.org/com/IMG/pdf/iea-uic_2012final-lr.pdf. (hämtad: 07.05.2021).

[7] Venables, John D. Materials science. URL:https://www.britannica.com/

technology/materials-science. (hämtad: 20.05.2021).

[8] Zenkert, Dan. An introduction to Sandwich Structures, Student edition.

KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), 1995.

[9] Åström, B. Tomas. Manufacturing of Polymer Composites. Nelson Thornes Ltd, 2002. ISBN: 13: 9780748770762.

Appendix

Highest strength, standard modulus fiber available with excellent processing

characteristics for filament winding and prepreg. This never twisted fiber is used in high tensile applications like pressure vessels, recreational, and industrial.

F I B E R P R O P E R T I E S

T O R A Y C A R B O N F I B E R S A M E R I C A , I N C .

6 Hut t on Cent r e Dr i ve, Sui t e #1270, Sant a Ana, CA 92707 TEL: (714) 431- 2320 FAX: (714) 424- 0750

P A C K A G I N G

The table below summarizes the tow sizes, twists, sizing types, and packaging available for standard material. Other bobbin sizes may be available on a limited basis.

B o b b in Sp o o ls Case

** Toray Semi-Toughened 350˚F Epoxy Resin. Normalized to 60% fiber volume.

See Section 4 for Safety & Handling information. The above properties do not constitute any warranty or guarantee of values.

These values are for material selection purposes only. For applications requiring guaranteed values, contact our sales and technical team to establish a material specification document.

T700S

Divinycell H provides excellent mechanical properties to low weight.

The unique IPN chemical structure, yields impressive mechanical performance to a low weight. Divinycell H has been widely used and has a proven track record in virtually every application area where sandwich composites are employed including the marine (leisure, military and commercial), land transportation, wind energy, civil engineering/infrastructure and general industrial markets.

Divinycell H is ideal for applications subject to fatigue, slamming or impact loads. Other key features of Divinycell H include consistent high quality, excellent adhesion/peel strength, excellent chemical resistance, low water absorption and good thermal/acoustic insulation. Divinycell H is compatible with virtually all commonly used resin and manufacturing systems.

Mechanical properties Divinycell^® H

Property Test Procedure Unit H35 H45 H60 H80 H100 H130 H160 H200 H250

Compressive Strength¹ ASTM D 1621 MPa Nominal 0.5 0.6 0.9 1.4 2.0 3.0 3.4 5.4 7.2

Minimum 0.3 0.5 0.7 1.15 1.65 2.4 2.8 4.5 6.1

Compressive Modulus¹ ASTM D1621-B-73 MPa Nominal 40 50 70 90 135 170 200 310 400

Minimum 29 45 60 80 115 145 175 265 350

Tensile Strength¹ ASTM D 1623 MPa Nominal 1.0 1.4 1.8 2.5 3.5 4.8 5.4 7.1 9.2

Minimum 0.8 1.1 1.5 2.2 2.5 3.5 4.0 6.3 8.0

Tensile Modulus¹ ASTM D 1623 MPa Nominal 49 55 75 95 130 175 205 250 320

Minimum 37 45 57 85 105 135 160 210 260

Shear Strength ASTM C 273 MPa Nominal 0.4 0.56 0.76 1.15 1.6 2.2 2.6 3.5 4.5

Minimum 0.3 0.46 0.63 0.95 1.4 1.9 2.2 3.2 3.9

Shear Modulus ASTM C 273 MPa Nominal 12 15 20 27 35 50 60 73 97

Minimum 9 12 16 23 28 40 50 65 81

Shear Strain ASTM C 273 % Nominal 9 12 20 30 40 40 40 45 45

Density ISO 845 kg/m³ Nominal 38 48 60 80 100 130 160 200 250

All values measured at +23°C

1. Properties measured perpendicular to the plane

Nominal value is an average value of a mechanical property at a nominal density

Minimum value is a minimum guaranteed mechanical property a material has independently of density

1 (2)

CERTIFIED BY

MARITIME

Divinycell H is type approved by:

Continuous operating temperature is typically -200ºC to +70ºC. The foam can be used in sandwich structures, for outdoor exposure, with external skin temperatures up to +85ºC. For optimal design of applications used in high operating temperatures in combination with continuous load, please contact Diab Technical Services for detailed design instructions.

Maximum processing temperature is dependent on time, pressure and process conditions. Therefore users are advised to contact Diab Technical Services to confirm that Divinycell H is compatible with their particular processing parameters.

Disclaimer:

This data sheet may be subject to revision and changes due to development and changes of the material. The data is derived from tests and experience. If not stated as minimum values, the data is average data and should be treated as such. Calculations should be verified by actual tests. The data is furnished without liability for the company and does not constitute a warranty or representation in respect of the material or its use. The company reserves the right to re-lease new data sheets in replacement.

Diab Group

Technical Characteristics Divinycell^® H

Physical characteristics

Characteristics¹ Unit H35 H45 H60 H80 H100 H130 H160 H200 H250 Test method

Density variation % -10%/+20% ± 10 ± 10 ± 10 ± 10 ± 10 ± 10 ± 10 ± 10

-Thermal conductivity² W/(m-K) 0.028 0.028 0.029 0.031 0.033 0.036 0.040 0.044 0.049 EN 12667

Coeff, linear heat expansion x10^-6/°C 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 ISO 4897

Heat Distortion Temperature °C +125 +125 +125 +125 +125 +125 +125 +125 +125 DIN 53424

Continous temp range °C -200/+70 -200/+70 -200/+70 -200/+70 -200/+70 -200/+70 -200/+70 -200/+70 -200/+70

-Max process temp °C +90 +90 +90 +90 +110 +110 +110 +110 +110

-Dissipation factor - 0.0001 0.0002 0.0003 0.0005 0.0006 0.0009 0.0012 0.0015 0.0019 ASTM D 2520

Dielectric constant - 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.09 1.11 1.15 1.18 1.23 1.29 ASTM D 2520

Poissons ratio³ - 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 D638-08

Format Unit H35 H45 H60 H80 H100 H130 H160 H200 H250

Plain sheets Length mm 2650 2440 2440 2440 2160 1960 1860 1730 1640

Width mm 1250 1220 1220 1220 1070 970 915 850 800

GS sheet Length mm 1250 1220 1220 1220 1080 980 930 865

-Width mm 883 813 813 813 1070 970 915 850

-GS sheet Length mm 1250 1220 1220 1220 - - - -

-Width mm 1250 1220 1220 1220 - - - -

-1. Typical values

2. Thermal conductivity at +20°C 3. Standard deviation is 0.045

2 (2)

Technical Characteristics

The information herein is general information designed to assist customers in determining whether our products are suitable for their applications. Our products are intended for sale to industrial and commercial customers. We require customers to inspect and test our products before use and to satisfy themselves as to contents and suitability for their specific applications. We warrant that our products will meet our written specifications. Nothing herein shall constitute any other warranty express or implied, including any warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose, nor is any protection from any law or patent to be inferred. All patent rights are reserved. The exclusive remedy for all proven claims is limited to replacement of our materials and in no event shall we be liable for special, incidental or consequential damages.

Reichhold, P.O.Box 2061, N-3202 Sandefjord, Norway, Tel. +47 33 44 86 00, Fax + 47 33 44 86 01

DION® 9100-M800 October 30, 2003 (replacing February 7, 2003)

October 30, 2003

DION® 9100-M800

Bisphenol-A Epoxy based Vinyl Ester Resin

DESCRIPTION

DION® 9100-M800 is a pre-accelerated and thixotropic Bisphenol-A epoxy based vinyl ester resin. The chemical resistance is good, particularly towards acids, alkalies and oxidizing agents. The resin offers optimum security towards blistering due to osmoses.

The outstanding adhesive properties, toughness and good mechanical properties make it suitable for production of tanks, process equipment and constructions subjected to high static and dynamic loads.

APPLICATION

The incorporated accelerator system combined with NORPOL PEROXIDE 11 minimize the foaming normally occuring when using MEKP, and gives relative short gel time and rapid curing. Recommended laminate thickness applied wet-on-wet is 1-5 mm.

DION® 9100-M800 contains special additives which improves the working environment during and after application due to substantially reduced styrene evaporation.

DION® 9100-M800 is especially formulated for hand lay-up and spray-up requirements and impregnates both glass, carbon and aramide fibres rapidly. It is easily worked and will minimize drain off, making it ideal for large, vertical applications like boat and swimming pool walls.

FEATURES BENEFITS

• Epoxy based vinyl ester resin

• High strength and good toughness

• Excellent chemical resistance to a wide variety of corrosive environments

• High mechanical properties

• High elongation and good crack resistance

• Good fatigue resistance

• Excellent hydrolytic stability • Very low water absorption

• Low viscosity • Improved glass fibre wet-out

• Good curing

• Approvals

• Good final cure even with relatively long gel times

• Det norske Veritas, DNV – Grade1

• Lloyds Register of Shipping

Reichhold, P.O.Box 2061, N-3202 Sandefjord, Norway, Tel. +47 33 44 86 00, Fax + 47 33 44 86 01

DION® 9100-M800 October 30, 2003 (replacing February 7, 2003) Page 2 of 3

PROPERTIES

PHYSICAL DATA IN LIQUID STATE AT 23°C

Properties Unit Value Test method

Viscosity

Storage stability from date of manufacture months 4 G180

In order to avoid foaming, you may use NORPOL PEROXIDE 24 as an alternative to NORPOL PEROXIDE 11. Approximately the same gel and curing times are obtained.

TYPICAL MECHANICAL* PROPERTIES AT 23°C

Pure CSM Combi mat

Properties Unit resin 450 800/M300 Test method

Glass Content % - 33 50 -

* The mechanical data are based on 5 mm laminates made with Ahlstrom M601-450 (CSM) and Ahlstrom 9622/M300 (combi mat) respectively.

Reichhold, P.O.Box 2061, N-3202 Sandefjord, Norway, Tel. +47 33 44 86 00, Fax + 47 33 44 86 01

DION® 9100-M800 October 30, 2003 (replacing February 7, 2003)

HANDLING AND CURING

To ensure maximum stability and maintain optimum resin properties, resins should be stored in closed containers at temperatures below 24°C/75°F and away from heat ignition sources and sunlight. Resin should be warmed to at least 18°C/65°F prior to use in order to assure proper curing and handling. All storage areas and containers should conform to local fire and building codes. Copper or copper containing alloys should be avoided as containers. Store separate from oxidizing materials, peroxides and metal salts. Keep containers closed when not in use. Inventory levels should be kept to a reasonable minimum with first-in, first-out stock rotation.

Additional information on handling and storing unsaturated polyesters is available in Reichhold’s application bulletin “Bulk Storage and Handling of Unsaturated Polyester Resins.” For information on other Reichhold resins or initiators, contact your sales representative or authorized Reichhold distributor.

AGITATION

Thixotropic vinyl esters resins are prone to settle more than thixotropic polyester resins, and agitation of the resin prior to use is therefore recommended.

PACKAGING FORM

Non-returnable 205 kg metal drums or returnable 1000 kg plastic containers. 20 kg pails may be delivered on request

SAFETY

READ AND UNDERSTAND THE MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET BEFORE WORKING WITH THIS PRODUCT Obtain a copy of the material safety data sheet on this product prior to use. Material safety data sheets are available from your Reichhold sales representative. Such information should be requested from suppliers of all products and understood prior to working with their materials.

DIRECTLY MIXING ANY ORGANIC PEROXIDE WITH A METAL SOAP, AMINE, OR OTHER POLYMERIZATION ACCELERATOR OR PROMOTER WILL RESULT IN VIOLENT DECOMPOSITION

In document Delsbo Electric: Lättkonstruktion av spårfordon: Konstruktion av Bottenplatta (Page 37-47)