Resultaten i denna studie öppnar upp för framtida forskning kring huruvida ytterligare modernisering och demokratisering av världens länder verkligen är förenligt med
förbättringar av olika miljöindikatorer. Vi uppmuntrar till framtida forskningsbidrag som exempelvis fokuserar på specifika regioner i världen för att bättre kunna analysera effekterna som liknande statsskick har på miljöarbete. Fler fallstudier på enskilda länder och olika miljöindikatorer skulle även kunna öka förståelsen för hur makronivån kan påverka
miljöarbetet i likartade politiska kontexter. Regeringsstabilitet är ett annat tämligen outforskat område som skulle kunna bringa mer klarhet kring hur miljöarbete påverkas av olika
regeringsbildningar. Fler studier behövs som både beaktar reducering av miljöförstöring och det ekologiska fotavtrycket. Fallstudier skulle närmare kunna undersöka sambandet mellan ett lands reducering av en viss typ av miljöförstöring och vilken inverkan detta möjligtvis har på att minska det ekologiska fotavtrycket. Vi välkomnar även fler studier, både på makro- och mikronivå, som inriktar sig på att studera andra socioekonomiska och sociopolitiska faktorers inverkan på det ekologiska fotavtrycket. Vilken inverkan har exempelvis antalet icke-statliga organisationer på det ekologiska fotavtrycket inom olika länder? Det skulle även vara
intressant om studier närmare undersökte vad det är med pressfriheten som påverkar det ekologiska fotavtrycket. Finns det ekonomiska intressen som har ett övertag? Vilken inverkan har olika lagar och regleringar? Hur stor inverkan har politisk press och kontroll? Hur mycket medialt utrymme och spelrum har exempelvis icke-statliga organisationer eller sociala
30
konsumtion? Många kvalitativa studier har tillämpat gestaltningsteorin för att undersöka hur olika nyhetsförmedlande medier gestaltar klimatförändringarna. Vi menar att det sannolikt krävs mer samarbete mellan olika akademiska discipliner för att skapa en helhetsbild av hållbarhetsutmaningen. Detta komplexa problem utgörs av en mängd bakomliggande faktorer varav mycket återstår att forskas kring.
Referenser
Andersson, M. & Gunnarsson, C. (2012): Hållbarhetsmyten – Varför ekonomisk tillväxt inte
är problemet. Stockholm: SNS Förlag.
Barret, S. & Graddy, K. (2000): Freedom, growth and the environment. Environment and Development Economics, 5: 433-456.
Bimonte, S. (2002): Information access, income distribution and the Environmental Kuznets
Curve. Ecological Economics, 41(1): 145-156.
Birdsall, N. & Wheeler, D. (1993): Trade Policy and Industrial Pollution in Latin America:
Where are the Pollution Havens? Journal of Environment and Development, 2(1): 137-149.
Bo, S. (2011): A Literature Survey on Environmental Kuznets Curve. Energy Procedia 5, Elsevier.
Brechin, S. (1999): Objective problems, subjective values, and global environmentalism:
evaluating the postmaterialist argument and challenging a new explanation. Social Science
Quarterly, 80(4): 793–809.
Bryman, A. (2008): Samhällsvetenskapliga metoder. Malmö: Liber. Buckingham, S. (2010): Call in the women. Nature, 468: 502.
Bunker, S.G. (1985): Underdeveloping the Amazon: Extraction, unequal exchange and the
failure of the modern State. Chicago, IL: University of Illinois Press.
Burkhart, R.E. & Lewis-Beck, M. (1994): Comparative Democracy, the Economic
Development Thesis. American Political Science Review, 88(4): 903-910.
Burns, T.J., Davis, B.L., Jorgenson, A.K. & Kick, E.L. (2001): Assessing the Short- and
Long-Term Impacts of Environmental Degradation on Social and Economic Outcomes.
Presented at the annual meetings of the American Sociological Association. Anaheim, CA. Chowdhury, R.R. & Moran, E.F. (2012): Turning the curve: A critical review of Kuznets
approaches. Applied Geography, 32: 3-11.
Carlsson, F. & Lundström, S. (2003): The effects of economic and political freedom on CO2
emissions. Göteborg University department of Economics, Working Papers in Economics 29.
Cavlovic, T, Baker, K., Berrens, R. & Gawande, K. (2000): A Meta-Analysis of
Environmental Kuznets Curve Studies. Northeastern Agricultural and Resource Economics
31
Clapp, J. (2002): The Distancing of Waste: Overconsumption in a Global Economy. In Princen, T., Maniates, M. & Conca, K. (eds): Confronting Consumption. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Conca, K. (2002): Consumption and Environment in a Global Economy. In Princen, T., Maniates, M. & Conca, K. (eds): Confronting Consumption. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Cracolici, M.F., Cuffaro, M. & Nijkamp, P. (2010): The measurement of economic, social and
environmental performance of countries: A novel approach. Soc. Ind. Res. 95: 339–356.
Dankelman, I. (2002): Climate change: learning from gender analysis and women’s
experiences of organizing for sustainable development. Gender and Development, 10(2): 21–
29.
Dasgupta, S. & Wheeler, D. (1996): Citizen Complaints As Environmental Indicators:
Evidence From China. World Bank Policy Research Department Working Paper, No. 1704,
November.
Dasgupta, S., Laplante, B., Wang, H., & Wheeler, D. (2002): Confronting the environmental
Kuznets curve. Journal of economic perspectives: 147-168.
Diamond, J. (2005): Collapse. New York: Viking Press.
Dietz, T., Rosa, E.A. & York, R. (2007): Driving the human ecological footprint. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 5(1): 13-18.
Dunlap, R.E., Van Liere, K.D., Mertig, A.G. & Jones R.E. (2000): Measuring Endorsement of
the New Ecological Paradigm: A Revised NEP Scale. Journal of Social Issues, 56: 425–442.
Dunlap, R.E. & York, R. (2008): The globalization of environmental concern and the limits of
the postmaterialist values explanation: evidence from four multinational surveys. The
Sociological Quarterly, 49: 529–563.
Duroy, Q.M.H. (2008): Testing the affluence hypothesis: a cross-cultural analysis of the
determinants of environmental action. The Social Science Journal, 45: 419–439.
Ergas, C. & York, R. (2012): Womens status and carbon dioxide emissions: A quantitative
cross-national analysis. Social Science Research, 41: 965–976.
Farzin, Y.H. & Bond, C.A. (2006): Democracy and environmental quality. Journal of Development Economics, 81(1): 213-235.
Fisher, D. & Freudenburg, W. (2010): Ecological Modernization and Its Critics: Assessing
the Past and Looking Toward the Future. Society & Natural Resources: An International
Journal, 14(8): 701-709.
Fiorino, D. (2011): Explaining national environmental performance: approaches, evidence,
and implications. Policy Sciences, 44(4): 367–389.
FN (1987): Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development: Our
Common Future. World Commission on Environment and Development.
Franzen, A. (2003): Environmental attitudes in international comparison: an analysis of the
32
Franzen, A. & Vogl, D. (2013): Two decades of measuring environmental attitudes: a
comparative analysis of 33 countries. Glob. Environ. Change, 23(5): 1001-1008.
Fredriksson, P.G. & Neumayer, E. (2013): Democracy and climate change policies: is history
important? Ecological Economics, 95: 11-19.
Gallagher, K.P. & Thacker, S.C. (2008): Democracy, income, and environmental quality. Working paper 164, Political Economy Research Institute, University of Massachusetts. Gelissen, J. (2007): Explaining popular support for environmental protection: a multilevel
analysis of 50 nations. Environment and Behavior, 39: 392–415.
Givens, J.E. & Jorgenson, A.K. (2011): The effects of affluence, economic development, and
environmental degradation on environmental concern: a multilevel analysis. Organization &
Environment, 24: 74–91.
Goklany, I.M. (2007): The Improving State of the World. Washington, DC: Cato Institute. Grossman, G.M. & Krueger, A.B. (1994): Economic growth and the environment. NBER Working Paper No. W4364. Cambridge, Massachusetts: National Bureau of Economic Research.
Guha, R. & Martinez-Alier, J. (1997): Varieties of Environmentalism: Essays North and
South. Earthscan, London, England.
Hadler, M. & Haller, M. (2011): Global activism and nationally driven recycling: the
influence of world society and national contexts on public and private environmental behavior. International Sociology, 26(3): 315.
Hammond, G.P. (2006): People, planet and prosperity: The determinants of humanity's
environmental footprint. Natural Resources Forum, 30(1): 277-336.
Helliwell, J.F. (1994): Empirical Linkages between Democracy and Economic Growth. British Journal of Political Science, 24: 248-256.
Homer-Dixon, T. (2000): The Ingenuity Gap. Toronto: Knopf.
Hornborg, A. (2001). The Power of the Machine: Global Inequalities of Economy,
Technology and Environment. Walnut Creek, CA: Alta Mira Press.
Hunter, L.M., Hatch, A. & Johnson, A. (2004): Cross-national Gender Variation in
Environmental Behaviors. Social Science Quarterly, 85: 677–694.
Inglehart, R. (1995): Public Support for Environmental Protection: Objective Problems and
Subjective Values in 43 Societies. PS: Political Science and Politics, 28: 57–72.
Inglehart, R. (1997): Modernization and Postmodernization: Cultural, Economic and
Political Change in 43 Societies, Princeton University Press.
Inglehart, R. & Welzel, C. (2009): Development and Democracy: What We Know about
Modernization Today. Foreign Affairs, March-April.
Inglehart, R. & Welzel, C. (2010): Changing Mass Priorities: The Link between
33
Johnsson-Latham, G. (2007): A study on gender equality as a prerequisite for sustainable
development. Ministry of the environment, Sweden.
Jorgenson, A.K. (2003): Consumption and Environmental Degradation: A Cross-National
Analysis of the Ecological Footprint. Social Problems, 50(3): 374–394.
Kinda, S.R. (2011): Education, Convergence and Carbon Dioxide Growth per Capita. African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development, Vol. 3(1): 65-85. Knight, K.W., Rosa, E.A. & Schor, J.B. (2013): Could working less reduce pressures on the
environment? A cross-national panel analysis of OECD countries, 1970–2007. Global
Environmental Change, 23(4): 691-700.
Landman, T. (2008): Issues and Methods in Comparative Politics: An Introduction. London: Routledge.
Lal Pandey, C. (2014): The limits of climate change agreements: from past to present. International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management, 6(4): 376-390. Li, Q. & Reuveny, R. (2006): Democracy and environmental degradation. International Studies Quarterly, 50: 935–956.
Lipset, S.M. (1959): Some Social Requisites for Democracy: Economic Development and
Political Legitimacy. The American Political Science Review, 53: 69-105.
Marquart-Pyatt, S.T. (2007): Concern for the Environment among General Publics: A Cross-
national Study. Society and Natural Resources, 20: 883–898.
McAnany, P. & Yoffee, N. (2010): Why We Question Collapse and Study Human Resilience,
Ecological Vulnerability, and the Aftermath of Empire. In McAnany, P. & Yoffee, N. (eds.): Questioning Collapse. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 1–17.
McKinney, L. (2014): Gender, democracy, development, and overshoot: a cross-national
analysis. Population and Environment, 36(2): 193-218
McKinsey & Company (2007): Women Matter: Gender Diversity, A Corporate Performance
Driver. McKinsey & Company.
Meadows, D. H., Meadows, D.L., Randers, J. & Behrens, W.W. (1972): The Limits to
Growth. New York: Universe Books.
Meadows, D. H., Meadows, D.L. & Randers, J. (2004): Limits to Growth: The 30-Year
Update. White River Junction: Chelsea Green Publishing Company.
Moran, D.D., Wackernagel, M., Kitzes, J.A., Goldfinger, S.H. & Butaud, A. (2008):
Measuring Sustainable Development – Nation by Nation. Ecological Economics, 64: 470-74.
Mol, A.P.J. (1995): The Refinement of Production: Ecological Modernization Theory and the
Chemical Industry. Utrecht, The Netherlands: Van Arkel.
Mol, A.P.J. & Sonnenfeld, D.A. (2000): Ecological Modernization around the World:
34
Moore, Barrington Jr. (1966): Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy. New York: Beacon Press.
Murdoch, J., Sandler, T. & Sargent, K. (1997): A tale of two collectives; sulphur and nitrogen
oxides emissions reduction in Europe. Economica, 64: 281-301.
Myint, T. & Lambert, B.J. (2014): Democracy and Sustainability: How does the Democratic
Process Affect Sustainability? Conference Paper, Workshop on the Ostrom Workshop 5.
Norgaard, K. & York, R. (2005): Gender equality and state environmentalism. Gender and Society, 19(4): 506–522.
Pargal, S. & Wheeler, D. (1996): Informal Regulation of Industrial Pollution in Developing
Countries: Evidence From Indonesia. Journal of Political Economy, 104(6): 1314.
Ponting, C. (2007): A New Green History of the World. London: Vintage Books.
Przeworski, A. & Limongi, F. (1997): Modernization: Theories and Facts. World Politics, 49: 155-183.
Przeworski, A., Alvarez, M.E., Cheibub, J.A. & Limongi, F. (2000): Democracy and
Development: Political Institutions and Well-being in the World, 1950-1990. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
Recchia, S. (2002): International environmental treaty engagement in 19 democracies. Policy Studies Journal, 30(4): 470-494.
Ridley, M. (2010): The Rational Optimist. New York: Harper Collins.
Roberts, J.T. (1996): Predicting participation in environmental treaties. Sociological Inquiry, 66(1): 38-57.
Roberts, J.T. Parks, B. & Vásquez, A. (2004): Who ratifies environmental treaties and why? Global Environmental Politics, 4(3): 22-64.
Sarokin, D. & Schulkin, J. (1991): Environmentalism and the right to know: Expanding the
practice of democracy. Ecological Economics, 4: 175-189.
Shandra, J.M., Shandra, C.L., & London, B. (2008): Women, non-governmental
organizations, and deforestation: a cross-national study. Population and Environment, 30(1–
2): 48–72.
Simon, J.L. (1996): The Ultimate Resource 2. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Sonnenfeld, D.A. (1998): From Brown to Green? Late Industrialization, Social Conflict and
Adoption of Environmental Technologies in Thailand's Pulp Industry. Organization and
Environment, 11: 59-87.
Spaargaren, G., Mol, A. & Buttel, F. (2000): Environment and Ecological Modernity. International Sociological Association.
Spitzner, M. (2009): How global warming is gendered: a view from the EU. In Salleh, A. (ed):
Eco-Sufficiency and Global Justice: Women Write Political Ecology. New York: Palgrave
35
Stevens, C. (2010): Are Women Key to Sustainable Development? Sustainable Development Insights.
Tainter, J.A. (2007): The Collapse of Complex Societies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Torgler, B. & Garcia-Valinas, M.A. (2007): The determinants of individuals’ attitudes
towards preventing environmental damage. Ecological Economics, 63(2–3): 536–552.
Torras, M. & Boyce, J. (1998): Income, inequality and the pollution: a reassessment of the
environmental Kuznets curve. Ecological Economics, 25: 147-160.
Tucker, R. (2002): Environmentally Damaging Consumption: The Impact of American
Markets on Tropical Ecosystems in the Twentieth Century. In Princen, T., Maniates, M. &
Conca, K. (eds): Confronting Consumption. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Winslow, M. (2005): Is democracy good for the environment? Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 48(5): 771–783.
Welzel, C. (2013): Freedom Rising: Human Empowerment and the Quest for Emancipation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Wright, R. (2004): A Short History of Progress. Toronto: House of Anansi Press. Xiao, C. & Dunlap R.E. (2007): Validating a Comprehensive Model of Environmental
Concern Cross-nationally: A U.S.-Canadian Comparison. Social Science Quarterly, 88: 471–
493.
York, R., Rosa, E.A. & Dietz, T. (2003): Footprints on the Earth: The Environmental
Consequences of Modernity. American Sociological Review, 68(2): 279-300.
York, R., Rosa, E.A. & Dietz, T. (2009): A tale of contrasting trends: three measures of the
ecological footprint in China, India, Japan, and the United States, 1961–2003. Journal of
World-Systems Research, 15(2): 134–146.