Relevansbedömning
Artikel:... Författare: ... Urval
1. Är studiens deltagare vuxna? (>18år) □ Ja □ Nej □ Oklart 2. Är studiens deltagare personer som inte □ Ja □ Nej □ Oklart jobbar inom hälso- och sjukvården?
3. Är studiens urval överförbart på svenska □ Ja □ Nej □ Oklart förhållanden?
Undersökningen
1. Har deltagarnas uppfattning om mötet mellan □ Ja □ Nej □ Oklart sjuksköterska-patient undersökts?
2. Har deltagarnas erfarenheter som patienter □ Ja □ Nej □ Oklart undersökts?
3. Har deltagarnas uppfattning/erfarenheter om □ Ja □ Nej □ Oklart betydelsen av könstillhörighet och/eller genus
inom omvårdnad undersökts?
4. Behandlas mötet med den manliga □ Ja □ Nej □ Oklart sjuksköterskan i någon av frågorna 1-3?
5. Behandlas intim omvårdnad i någon av □ Ja □ Nej □ Oklart frågorna 1-3?
Resultat
1. Säger resultatet något om populationens □ Ja □ Nej □ Oklart uppfattning/erfarenheter av den manliga
sjuksköterskan?
2. Säger resultatet något om uppfattningar/ □ Ja □ Nej □ Oklart erfarenheter av intim omvårdnad?
Ja på fråga 1 = Relevans 2 av 2 Ja = Hög relevans 2 av 5 ja = Relevans >2 av 5 ja = Hög relevans (fråga 4 måste vara jakande)
2 av 3 Ja = Relevans 3 av 3 Ja = Hög relevans
Bilaga 3: Mall för kvalitetsbedömning av kvalitativa studier
Kvalitetsbedömning – Kvalitativa studier
Artikel: ... Författare: ...
Syfte Vad är studiens syfte? ...
...
Teorietisk referensram: ...
Är studiens syfte och frågeställningar □ Ja □ Nej □ Oklart tydligt beskrivna och väldefinierade? Är syftet relevant □ Ja □ Nej □ Oklart Är studiedesignen lämplig utifrån syftet? □ Ja □ Nej □ Oklart Urval Urvalsmetod: ...
Antal deltagare: ...
Ålder: ...
Kön: ...
Är urvalet relevant? □ Ja □ Nej □ Oklart Är urvalet tydligt beskrivet? □ Ja □ Nej □ Oklart Framgår i vilket kontext urvalet gjordes? □ Ja □ Nej □ Oklart Finns ett etiskt resonemang redovisat? □ Ja □ Nej □ Oklart Datainsamling Datainsamlingsmetod: ...
Är datainsamlingensmetoden relevant och □ Ja □ Nej □ Oklart motiverad? Är datainsamlingen tydligt beskriven? □ Ja □ Nej □ Oklart Råder datamättnad? □ Ja □ Nej □ Oklart Analys Är analysen tydligt beskriven? (finns det en □ Ja □ Nej □ Oklart röd tråd?) Är analysmetoden relevant i förhållande □ Ja □ Nej □ Oklart till syftet och datainsamlingsmetod? Reflekterar forskaren över sin egen roll och □ Ja □ Nej □ Oklart inflytande över analysen? Resultat Vad kommer man fram till? ...
...
Redovisas resultatet tydligt och begripligt? □ Ja □ Nej □ Oklart
Är resultatet logiskt? □ Ja □ Nej □ Oklart
Är resultatet generaliserbart? □ Ja □ Nej □ Oklart
Redovisas resultatet i förhållande till den
teoretiska referensramen (om en sådan finns) □ Ja □ Nej □ Oklart
Genereras hypotes/teori/modell? □ Ja □ Nej □ Oklart
Är resultatet överförbart till ett liknande □ Ja □ Nej □ Oklart
sammanhang/kontext?
Är resultatet överförbart till ett annat □ Ja □ Nej □ Oklart
sammanhang/kontext?
Bilaga 4: Mall för kvalitetsbedömning av kvantitativa studier
Kvalitetsbedömning – Kvantitativa studier
Artikel: ... Författare: ...
Syfte Vad är studiens syfte? ...
...
Är studiens syfte och frågeställningar □ Ja □ Nej □ Oklart tydligt beskrivna? Är syftet relevant □ Ja □ Nej □ Oklart Är studiedesignen lämplig utifrån syftet? □ Ja □ Nej □ Oklart Urval Urvalsmetod: ...
Antal deltagare: ... Bortfall: ... %
Ålder: ...
Kön: ...
Är urvalet överförbart på den population □ Ja □ Nej □ Oklart man vill undersöka? Finns relevanta inklusions- och exklusions- □ Ja □ Nej □ Oklart kriterier? Framgår i vilket kontext urvalet gjordes? □ Ja □ Nej □ Oklart Framgår hur stort bortfallet var? □ Ja □ Nej □ Oklart Är bortfallet acceptabelt? □ Ja □ Nej □ Oklart Finns ett etiskt resonemang redovisat? □ Ja □ Nej □ Oklart Metod Mätmetod: ...
Framgår vilka mätmetoder som använts? □ Ja □ Nej □ Oklart Framgår vilket reabilitet mätinstrumentet □ Ja □ Nej □ Oklart har? - Om så är fallet: Diskuteras reabiliteten? □ Ja □ Nej □ Oklart Framgår vilken validitet mätinstrumentet □ Ja □ Nej □ Oklart har? - Om så är fallet: Diskuteras validiteten? □ Ja □ Nej □ Oklart Analys Finns det en bortfallsanalys? □ Ja □ Nej □ Oklart Är den statistiska analysen adekvat? □ Ja □ Nej □ Oklart Diskuteras ev. demografiska skillnader □ Ja □ Nej □ Oklart mellan olika jämförelsegrupper? Är analysmetoden relevant i förhållande □ Ja □ Nej □ Oklart till syftet och datainsamlingsmetod? Resultat Vad kommer man fram till? ...
...
Redovisas resultatet tydligt och begripligt? □ Ja □ Nej □ Oklart
Är resultatet logiskt? □ Ja □ Nej □ Oklart
Är resultatet generaliserbart? □ Ja □ Nej □ Oklart
Examensarbete i omvårdnad Malmö högskola
61-90 hp Hälsa och samhälle
Sjuksköterskeprogrammet 205 06 Malmö Januari 2013 Bilaga 5: Artikelmatris Author, year, country, title Study design, setting, population, inclusion and exclusion criteria
The aims Method Number of
participants, Drop out rate
Main findings Study
quality comments. O’Lynn C, Krautscheid L, (2011) USA ‘How should I touch you?’: A qualitative study of attitudes on intimate touch in nursing care An exploratory, qualitative study investigating adult laypersons in an urban region in the western US. Inclusion criteria were being able to give consent and speak English. Exclusion criteria were being or ever have been a nursing student or employed nurse. To elicit laypersons attitudes on intimate touch provided by nurses in general and male nurses in particular.
Participants were selected using a purposive maximum- variation sample from a private Catholic University, a catholic church and a
protestant church. Information was gathered using semi- structured interviews in focus groups. 24 participants. 12 men and 12 women. No drop outs.
Four main themes emerged: Communication: Participants wanted to receive proper information prior to intimate care and establish a relationship with the nurse.
Choice: Participants expressed a wish of being a part in the decision-making surrounding intimate care.
Gender: The preferences for the nurse’s gender varied but participants wanted to be asked about any preferences before any intimate touching were to take place.
Professional touch: Participants
High quality
wanted the intimate touch to be performed in a professional and confident way, “not too fast, not too slow”. Lodge N et al, (1997) United Kingdom. A study to ascertain gynecological patients’ perceived levels of embarrassment with physical and psychological care given by female and male nurses.
A cross-sectional questionnaire survey of patients admitted to a gynecological ward.
Any patient with gynecological cancer admitted to the ward could participate. Exclusion criteria were any cultural, religious or language barriers, patient being considered too distressed or inappropriate due to medical reasons or patient having To identify the patients perceived embarrassment with different physical or psychological care and any relationship between embarrassment and the level of intimacy of the care.
The study also aimed to identify any demographic factors correlated with the perceived level of embarrassment. Participants were selected using a convenience sample. Information was gathered using a questionnaire
containing both closed and open-ended questions.
The closed question listed a number of caring situations of various levels of intimacy and the patient were then asked to rate the perceived
embarrassment during each situation. Each question was asked twice, once with a
98 participants, all of them women. 7 drop outs (7%)
The study identified a
significant preference of women for female nurses.
It also showed that the level of embarrassment increased during more intimate caring situations and especially if a male nurse was involved.
High Quality
difficulties coping with her disease.
female as the nurse and once with a male. Chur-Hanssen A,
(2002) Australia Preferences for female and male nurses: The role of age, gender and previous experience – year 2000 compared with 1984. A qualitative questionnaire study among persons seated in the waiting room of a General Practice surgery. No inclusion or exclusion criteria were found
The aim of the study was to ascertain male and female
participants’ preferences for male and female nurses depending on the intimacy of care given.
The study sought to correlate any preferences with respondents’ age, gender or previous experience of male nurses. A comparison between 2000 and 1984 were made to identify any changes in preferences for or attitudes towards Participants were selected using a convenience sample. Information was gathered using questionnaires. The questionnaires consisted of closed question asking about gender-preferences in caring situations of various intimacy and attitudes towards nurses of different gender in general. 1984: 178 participants of which 60.8 % were female and 39.2% male. 2 drop outs. 2000: 215 participants of which 72.9% were female and 27.1% male. 5 drop outs.
The study found that same- gender preferences increased when the care given was seen as intimate. This was especially true among younger
participants.
Females in general had higher same-gender preferences than men. Males on the other hand had higher preferences for the opposite sex than women. In the section about attitudes in the questionnaire, younger participants and females showed greater acceptance of male nurses than older participants and males. The study also found this acceptance to have grown in 2000
compared to 1984.
Medium quality.
male nurses Morin K et al, (1999) USA Mothers’ responses to care given by male nursing students during and after birth. Focused ethnography. The study was conducted among patients in a maternity and infant unit of a community hospital in the mid-Atlantic region of the US. Any patient admitted to the unit could participate. Patients were excluded if their or their infants’ condition were deemed unstable.
The aim of the study were to identify which underlying
motives maternity patients had when deciding whether to accept care or not from a male nursing student.
Participants were selected using a purposive sample. Information was gathered using semi- structured interviews.
32 women participated.
The study found a general reluctance from the patients when it came to accepting care from a male nursing student. The characteristics and behavior of the male nursing student were important factors in the patients’ decision whether to accept the students care or not. Other influences were how well they knew the student and what kind of nursing care activities the student was to perform. The study also found the women’s views of themselves after birth as well as their partner’s views to be important factors. High quality. Harding T et al, (2008) New Using a qualitative design To explore the
male nurses’ Participants were selected using
18 men participated.
Four themes emerged: High quality.
Zealand.
Sexualizing men’s touch: Male nurses and the use of intimate touch in clinical practice with discourse analysis, male nurses or male nursing students from various settings were interviewed. Inclusion criteria were current or former employment in nursing in New Zealand and having or soon to have a formal nursing qualification. experience of providing physical intimate care within a discourse that has sexualized men’s touch. purposive and snowball sample. Information was gathered using semi- structured in-depth interviews.
No drop outs.
Sexualizing of men’s touch and nursing’s subscription to this discourse.
Stress associated with feeling vulnerable to accusations of sexual impropriety.
Strategies to keep oneself safe The failure of nursing to support men in developing strategies to protect both themselves and their patients.
Fisher M, (2009) Australia. ’Being a chameleon’: labor processes of male nurses performing bodywork.
The study used a qualitative design with theorized life history method. Participants came from different nursing settings in New South Wales, Australia.
The aim of the study was to examine and analyze the labor processes of male nurses when performing bodywork.
Participants were selected using quota sampling together with a snowballing technique. Information was gathered using individual semi- structured interviews. 21 men participated. No drop outs.
The study found that the male nurses had to adjust their masculine behavior differently toward each individual patient in intimate caring situations as a way to overcome gendered stereotypes such as male nurses being sexually deviant or homosexual.
High quality.
No inclusion or exclusion criteria were found. Inoue M. et al, (2006) Australia. Male nurses’ experiences of providing intimate care for women clients.
The study had a qualitative exploratory design with participants from different clinical settings in Western Australia. Male nurses who had provided intimate care for women patients for more than five years, were included in the study.
The study aimed to explore and describe male nurses’
experiences of providing intimate care for women patients. The study also wanted to explore the strategies used by male nurse when providing intimate care.
One participant who met the inclusion criteria was selected and thereafter the authors used a snowball sampling. Information was gathered using semi- structured interviews with opened-ended questions. 12 men participated. No drop outs.
Three major themes were identified:
Definition of intimate care by the participants. This included invasive physical care which could be embarrassing for the nurse and/or patient as well as emotional care about sexual issues.
The emotional experiences associated with providing intimate care. The participants felt uncomfortable and
embarrassed when providing intimate care especially to younger women.
Strategies used to assist in the delivery of intimate care for women clients. Participants used different coping strategies such as controlling their
feelings, self-protection (e.g.
High quality
letting a nurse colleague perform or assist in the care) and breaking the ice with the help of humor and jokes. J, Evans, (2002) Canada. Cautious caregivers: gender stereotypes and the sexualization of men nurses’ touch. Qualitative study design using thematic analyzes informed by feminist and masculinity theory.
The setting was Nova Scotia, Canada and the population was registered male nurses in this region. No specific inclusion or exclusion criteria were found.
The aim of the study was to explore the experience of male nurses and the ways in which gender relations structure different work experiences for women and men.
Participants were found through convenience and snowball sampling. Two rounds of semi- structured interviews were performed.
8 men participated. No drop outs.
Four themes were identified. Affirmation of caring:
The importance of caring and traits such as compassion, empathy and honesty were acknowledged by the
participants. The participants also believed that men and women have different expressions of caring.
The problematic nature of men nurses’ touch:
Men nurses’ touch of patients is potentially dangerous for the nurse because the touch can be misinterpreted as sexually inappropriate.
Assessing when it is safe to touch:
The nurses assessed each patient situation carefully to
Medium Quality.
assure when it’s safe to touch and what the touch should consist of.
Strategizing to protect oneself from accusations:
E.g. building trust, working with women colleagues in situations that were deemed as unsafe, modifying procedural techniques to minimize patient exposure. Författare, År, Land, Titel Studiedesign, omgivning, population, inklusions- och exklusionskriterier
Syfte Metod Antal
deltagare Resultat Bedömd kvalitet Lindqvist T et al. (2007) Sverige Sjuksköterske- studenters
attityder till att ta emot vård av en manlig eller kvinnlig sjuksköterska. Kvantitativ enkätstudie med deskriptiv ansats utförd bland sjuksköterske- studenter från fyra olika terminer på tre olika Campus- orter tillhörande Mitthögskolan.
Belysa
sjuksköterske- studenters
attityder till att bli vårdad av en manlig eller kvinnlig sjuksköterska.
Urvalet gjordes genom att sex terminer valdes ut genom lottning och samtliga studenter i dessa terminer
inkluderades i studien. Studenterna fick svara på ett studie-specifikt 337 deltagare valdes ut. Bortfallet var 68 individer (~20%) Av de återstående 269
Kvinnliga deltagare hade en högre preferens för det egna könet vid dusch, katetrisering och intim omvårdnad än deras manliga motsvarigheter. Vid specifik omvårdnad hade varken män eller kvinnor någon preferens för sjuksköterskans kön.
Medelhög kvalitet.
Inga specifika inklusions- eller exklusionskriterier finns angivna. enkät-formulär bestående av demografiska frågor samt hypotetiskt utformade frågor där deltagarna ombads tänka sig in i en patientroll. deltagarna var 81% kvinnor och 19% män.
Examensarbete i omvårdnad Malmö högskola
61-90 hp Hälsa och samhälle
Sjuksköterskeprogrammet 205 06 Malmö