49 4. Paper Summaries
7. Sammanfattning på svenska (Swedish Summary)
Turism har de senaste decennierna kommit att betraktas som en allt mer betydelsefull lösning på de problem många av Sveriges lands- och
glesbygder omfattas av. I vissa fall har också turism betraktats som något av en sista utväg för platser på landsbygden och perifera områden som inte haft andra resurser än kultur- och naturlandskap att förädla. Detta gäller särskilt i norra Sverige, en region som länge dominerats av en hög andel sysselsatta inom primärnäringen och en låg andel arbetsplatser inom servicenäringarna.
Trots omfattande insatser från det offentliga (inte minst genom EU stöd till turismnäringen) har den negativa utvecklingen i sysselsättning och
befolkningstillväxt varit svår att vända. På senare tid har dessutom
påverkan från klimatförändringar ytterligare förändrat villkoren för många av de turismföretag som är verksamma i landets norra delar. Ändå finns det skäl att fortfarande betrakta turismen som ett effektivt verktyg för lokal och regional utveckling i norra Europa, men då med mer genomtänkta
strategier än tidigare. Turism ska inte bara betraktas som en sista utväg utan som en varaktig resurs i en strävan efter mer hållbara samhällen i våra glesbygdsområden.
Denna avhandling studerar turismföretag i norra Sverige med fokus på innovationsförmåga, företagens överlevnad, betydelsen av skyddad natur (Världsarvet Laponia) samt klimatförändringar. Avhandlingens teoretiska ansats utgår från evolutionär ekonomisk geografi och hur den kan tillämpas inom ramen för turismvetenskap. Resultaten visar att turismens aktörer
87
utvecklas gemensamt över tiden även om formella nätverk är löst
sammansatta och projektbaserade (artikel 1). Turistföretagens överlevnad förbättras genom tidigare erfarenheter från liknande verksamhet före starten av företaget, men att vara inflyttad till regionen utgör inte nödvändigtvis en fördel (artikel II). Nya turistföretag bidrar till sysselsättning i tidiga skeden och den sammanlagda sysselsättningen i företag som överlever på långt sikt ökar med tiden trots att många företag upphör (artikel II). Vissa företagare kan resa långväga för att låta sina kunder uppleva skyddade naturområden vilka upplevs som unika (artikel III). Klimatförändring är en långsiktig utmaning, särskilt för företag aktiva på vintern med en verksamhet som inte är mobil (artikel IV). Anpassning till klimatförändringar förekommer inte hos de studerade företagen vilket leder till en kollektiv risk och ökad utsatthet för regionen över tiden (artikel IV). Samt att evolutionär ekonomisk geografi kan bidra till att bättre förstå förändringsprocesser inom turism i rurala och perifera områden (artikel V).
De empiriska studierna har genomförts i norra Sverige; en region som å den ena sidan kännetecknas av en mycket gles befolkning och långa avstånd mellan de större orterna, men å den andra sidan framstår som unik genom sina förhållandevis orörda skogs- och fjällområden. På så sätt utgör norra Sverige en regional fallstudie där resultaten bidrar till en bredare
utvecklingsteori med särskild bäring på turism i perifera områden i norra Europa. Därmed är det rimligt att anta att forskningsresultaten är
överförbara till andra liknande regioner med ett likartat utbud av naturbaserad turism.
88
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