teman: Personalens roller och aktiviteter, Sätt på vilka familjer i behov av stöd identifieras, Problem med identifieringen av mödrar med intellektuella funktionsnedsättningar, Samverkan mellan sektorer, och Dilemman i samband med plikten att agera utifrån lagstiftningen. Resultatet visade att det finns ett flertal olika sektorer inom välfärdssektorn som arbetar med stöd till dessa familjer, men att samarbetet mellan sektorerna i fråga ofta brister. Andra fynd var att det finns en tendens att familjerna försvinner ur sikte. Det gör det svårt att synliggöra dessa familjers behov. Resultatet visade slutligen på en osäkerhet vad det gäller att agera utifrån anmälningsplikten när det gäller barn som kan vara i behov av socialtjänstens insatser.
Strategisk nivå
(Studie II)
Familjenivå (Studie III)
• Personalens roller och aktiviteter
• Sätt på vilka familjer i behov av stöd identifieras
• Problem med identifiering av mödrar med intellektuel- la funktionsnedsättningar
• Samverkan mellan sektorer
• Dilemman rörande plikten att agera utifrån lagstift- ningen • Stödåtgärder • Pedagogiska strate- gier • Bibehållandet av barnperspektivet
Studie III inriktades mot stödets familjenivå, och där framkom följande teman: Stödåtgärder, Pedagogiska strategier, och Bibehållandet av barnperspektivet. Resultatet visade att det förekommer olika stödåtgärder där man stöder familjer där modern har en intellektuell funktionsnedsättning. De pedagogiska strategier man använde för att genomföra dessa stödåtgärder inkluderade många olika typer av hjälpmedel, och att upprepa kunskapsinnehållet var en viktig princip. Det framkom att barnperspektivet ofta kommer på undantag i stödåtgärderna för föräldrarna i fråga.
För den fjärde studien intervjuades fyra vuxna kvinnor som alla vuxit upp med en mamma med en trolig intellektuell funktionsnedsättning. Analyserna av de omfattande intervjuerna gav en insikt om hur det kan vara att växa upp under dessa förhållanden: en hemmiljö präglad av brist på resurser och omhändertagande, och en relation till modern där barnet, särskilt det äldsta, mycket tidigt övertagit ansvarsrollen för moderns välbefinnande och för hem och syskon. Studien visade också att det var en självklarhet att hemlighålla för omvärlden hur situationen var, samtidigt som barnet upplevde besvikelse över att omvärlden inte såg och reagerade på de signaler som barnet sände ut om hur illa det var.
Resultatet av denna avhandling pekar på att barn till mödrar med en trolig intellektuell funktionsnedsättning ofta inte får den hjälp av samhället som de behöver under sin uppväxt, och att de många gånger tar på sig ett vuxenansvar för hem och familj utan att ha resurser för detta. In i vuxenvärlden kan de bära med sig ångest och oro, som påverkar deras framtida vuxenliv.
Det finns alltså ett behov av barnfokuserade stödåtgärder till familjer där modern har en intellektuell funktionsnedsättning, för att även barnen i dessa familjer ska få goda uppväxtvillkor och inträda i vuxenlivet utan alla de negativa erfarenheter som resultatet av avhandlingen visade.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This thesis could not have been done without those who stood by my side while I was conducting it. I offer my warmest gratitude to everyone who supported me in any respect during this time.
First, I would like to acknowledge the Faculty of Health Science, Blekinge Institute of Technology, for having financed my doctoral studies, and the Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, for enrolling me as a doctoral student.
My tremendous gratitude goes to my supervisors Mona Eklund, Per-Anders Tengland, and Johan Berglund. Mona, you have been there for me throughout this process, both as a very skilled supervisor and as a fellow human being. You have guided me, inspired me, and pushed me with your broad knowledge. When I received the diagnosis of breast cancer you were there for me as woman to woman. For that I am very thankful. Per-Anders, you have urged me along with your emphasis on concepts, language, and academic writing. Johan, you have supported me at my daily workplace.
Special thanks go to all participants in the studies. I am grateful to the staff who participated in the focus groups in Study II and III for giving me your time and your very valuable experiences. An exceptional amount of gratitude goes to the four women who shared their childhood experiences with me in Study IV. You opened your store of memories and let me get a glimpse of your childhood experiences.
I would like to gratefully acknowledge all my workmates at the Department of Health, Blekinge Institute of Technology. You have stood by my side through
thick and thin, and encouraged me all the way. Special thanks go to my close friends and colleagues Ewa Andersson and Lina Nilsson, whose warm friendship has given me strength and joy. When I was diagnosed with breast cancer, my colleagues Helen Persson and Birgitta Fridström gave me immensely valuable support, for which I am so thankful.
I thoroughly appreciate the help I have got from librarians at the Blekinge Institute of Technology. I am also thankful for the help with linguistic revisions I received from Katarina Grah-Hagelbäck and Pamela Gray, and for Lena Lennartsson’s help with transcribing the interviews in Study IV.
I value immensely the constant support from and the warm friendship I share with my cousin Gunnil Korswing. You and I have discussed my research countless times over the phone.
I would also like to extend my thanks to the Blekinge Research Council and the Swedish Society of Nursing for their grants, which contributed to the financing of the studies and enabled the presentation of the research results at IASSID World Congress in 2012.
My warmest appreciations go to my family, that is, to my husband Sten-Erik, to Daniel and Chioma, and to Hanna and Roeland. Sten-Erik, your love and support has been of a value beyond words, when you have stood by my side all these years. And Daniel and Chioma, and Hanna and Roeland have contributed with their love and their skills, and with some distraction, too, as they all decided to get married during this process, and involved me in their wedding preparations.
Finally, above all, my gratitude goes to God, who in his love for me has given me strength to carry on.
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