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Production planning of CHP plants integrated with bioethanol production and local renewables

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Mahsa Daraei Oil TIO N P LA N N IN G O F C H P P LA N TS I N TE G R A TE D W IT H B IO ET H A N O L P R O D U C TIO N A N D L O C A L R EN EW A B LE S 20 19 ISBN 978-91-7485-445-9 ISSN 1651-9256

Address: P.O. Box 883, SE-721 23 Västerås. Sweden Address: P.O. Box 325, SE-631 05 Eskilstuna. Sweden E-mail: info@mdh.se Web: www.mdh.se

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Mälardalen University Press Licentiate Theses No. 285

PRODUCTION PLANNING OF CHP PLANTS INTEGRATED

WITH BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION AND LOCAL RENEWABLES

Mahsa Daraei 2019

School of Business, Society and Engineering

Mälardalen University Press Licentiate Theses No. 285

PRODUCTION PLANNING OF CHP PLANTS INTEGRATED

WITH BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION AND LOCAL RENEWABLES

Mahsa Daraei 2019

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Copyright © Mahsa Daraei, 2019 ISBN 978-91-7485-445-9

ISSN 1651-9256

Printed by E-Print AB, Stockholm, Sweden

Copyright © Mahsa Daraei, 2019 ISBN 978-91-7485-445-9

ISSN 1651-9256

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