Kinetic Energy Storage and Magnetic Bearings: for Vehicular Applications
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(2) Dissertation presented at Uppsala University to be publicly examined in sal Å80101, Ångströmlaboratoriet, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Uppsala, Wednesday, 5 February 2014 at 08:15 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The examination will be conducted in English. Faculty examiner: Professor Richard Magdalena Stephan (Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro). Abstract Abrahamsson, J. 2014. Kinetic Energy Storage and Magnetic Bearings. for Vehicular Applications. Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 1104. 107 pp. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. ISBN 978-91-554-8825-3. One of the main challenges in order to make electric cars competitive with gas-powered cars is in the improvement of the electric power system. Although many of the energy sources currently used in electric vehicles have sufficientlyhigh specific energy, their applicability is limited due to low specific power. It would therefore be advantageous to create a driveline with the main energy storage separated from a smaller energy buffer, designed to have high power capabilities and to withstand frequent and deep discharge cycles. It has been found that rotating kinetic energy storage in flywheels is very well suited for this type of application. A composite shell, comprising an inner part made of glassfiber and an outer part made of carbonfiber, was analyzed analytically and numerically, designed, and constructed. The shell was fitted onto a metallic rotor using shrinkfitting. The cost of the shell, and the complexity of assembly, was reduced by winding the glass- and carbonfiber consecutively on a mandrel, and curing the complete assembly simultaneously. Thereby, the shell obtained an internal segmentation, without the need for fitting several concentric parts onto each other. The radial stress inside the composite shell was kept compressive thanks to a novel approach of using the permanent magnets of the integrated electric machine to provide radial mechanical load during rotation. Two thrust bearing units (one upper and one lower) comprising one segmented unit with the permanent magnets in a cylindrical Halbach configuration and one non-segmented unit in a up/ down configuration were optimized, constructed and tested. Each thrust bearing unit generated 1040 N of repelling force, and a positive axial stiffness of 169 N/mm at the nominal airgap of 5 mm. Two radial active magnetic bearings (one upper and one lower) were optimized, constructed and tested. By parameterizing the shape of the actuators, a numerical optimization of force over resistive loss from the bias currentcould be performed. The optimized shape of the electromagnets was produced by watercutting sheets of laminated steel. A maximum current stiffness of120 N/A at a bias current of 1.5 A was achieved. Keywords: flywheel; magnetic bearing; energy storage; electric vehicle Johan Abrahamsson, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity, Box 534, Uppsala University, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. © Johan Abrahamsson 2014 ISSN 1651-6214 ISBN 978-91-554-8825-3 urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-212106 (http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-212106).
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