Cooperative Vehicle-Infrastructure System : Identification, Privacy and Security
108
0
0
Full text
(2) LITH-ITN-KTS-EX--07/015--SE. Cooperative Vehicle-Infrastructure Systems: Identification, Privacy and Security Examensarbete utfört i kommunikations- och transportsystem vid Linköpings Tekniska Högskola, Campus Norrköping. Joakim Swahn Christian Udin Handledare Zeljko Jeftic Examinator Clas Rydergren Norrköping 2007-06-11.
(3) Datum Date. Avdelning, Institution Division, Department Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap. 2007-06-11. Department of Science and Technology. Språk Language. Rapporttyp Report category. Svenska/Swedish x Engelska/English. Examensarbete B-uppsats C-uppsats x D-uppsats. ISBN _____________________________________________________ ISRN LITH-ITN-KTS-EX--07/015--SE _________________________________________________________________ Serietitel och serienummer ISSN Title of series, numbering ___________________________________. _ ________________ _ ________________. URL för elektronisk version. Titel Title. Cooperative Vehicle-Infrastructure Systems: Identification, Privacy and Security. Författare Author. Joakim Swahn, Christian Udin. Sammanfattning Abstract This. master thesis is to highlight the importance of what needs to be identified in the CVIS system, how this could be done, how different techniques affect privacy and security and how the privacy and security mechanisms can be improved for the whole system. The report starts with a background of ERTICO ITS Europe, followed by a description of how the CVIS project is organized, how the CVIS system will work, and a presentation of privacy, security and identification, both in general and in CVIS. After this follows the analysis and the report is finally wrapped up with conclusions and recommendations. Why this is an important topic to highlight and discuss and the reason being for this master thesis, is because there is a clear need within the CVIS consortium to harmonise these topics. As it is today, different persons and different sub-projects have different views and opinions on what needs to be identified for example. This needs to be harmonised in order for everyone to know what is being developed, but also, and much more importantly, to in the end get acceptance for the CVIS system. If people do not feel they can trust the system, if they feel it is not secure or that it violates their privacy, they will not use it, even if it has been proved the technique works. The key question discussed in the report is what needs to be identified. This is the most important question to solve. There must be very good reasons and consensus why a certain entity is to be identified, otherwise identification of that entity will always be questioned. This also links very tightly with privacy. The objective of this master thesis is to bring forward this critical question about identification, to highlight different reasons for identifying or not identifying different entities and to get the discussion started.. Nyckelord Keyword. Intelligent Transport Systems, Cooperative Systems, Trust, Identification, Privacy, Security.
(4) Upphovsrätt Detta dokument hålls tillgängligt på Internet – eller dess framtida ersättare – under en längre tid från publiceringsdatum under förutsättning att inga extraordinära omständigheter uppstår. Tillgång till dokumentet innebär tillstånd för var och en att läsa, ladda ner, skriva ut enstaka kopior för enskilt bruk och att använda det oförändrat för ickekommersiell forskning och för undervisning. Överföring av upphovsrätten vid en senare tidpunkt kan inte upphäva detta tillstånd. All annan användning av dokumentet kräver upphovsmannens medgivande. För att garantera äktheten, säkerheten och tillgängligheten finns det lösningar av teknisk och administrativ art. Upphovsmannens ideella rätt innefattar rätt att bli nämnd som upphovsman i den omfattning som god sed kräver vid användning av dokumentet på ovan beskrivna sätt samt skydd mot att dokumentet ändras eller presenteras i sådan form eller i sådant sammanhang som är kränkande för upphovsmannens litterära eller konstnärliga anseende eller egenart. För ytterligare information om Linköping University Electronic Press se förlagets hemsida http://www.ep.liu.se/ Copyright The publishers will keep this document online on the Internet - or its possible replacement - for a considerable time from the date of publication barring exceptional circumstances. The online availability of the document implies a permanent permission for anyone to read, to download, to print out single copies for your own use and to use it unchanged for any non-commercial research and educational purpose. Subsequent transfers of copyright cannot revoke this permission. All other uses of the document are conditional on the consent of the copyright owner. The publisher has taken technical and administrative measures to assure authenticity, security and accessibility. According to intellectual property law the author has the right to be mentioned when his/her work is accessed as described above and to be protected against infringement. For additional information about the Linköping University Electronic Press and its procedures for publication and for assurance of document integrity, please refer to its WWW home page: http://www.ep.liu.se/. © Joakim Swahn, Christian Udin.
(5) ! ". !. ". # !. $. !. %. &'. *. +. ( ). &. ". !. ". ". %" $,. "!. $ -. ! ". ! $ ,. ". ! !. !. .. %. ". !. ". * $ " ! $. " ". ". !. #. % $ %. #. ! #. $. !. ! ! #. $. ". $. %. $. !*. !. #. !. " $ /. " !. $. !. " !. ! 1. !. #. .. !. 0. 0. $ !. ! $. ! " !. ".
(6) 0 6 8. $. &' 8. 2. %. % ( " ; *% 8 $ , $ , !. &' !. =. " $ , ! ,. 0. % "8 # &. / . "8 " : 84. " " !. %. ". %. %. ( ?. : !. ! 7. " ! &' ( $ , ! $, " %. ! ,.. <. ,. %. %. 8. ;. 3. !. . % .. $ ". ". 8. !. (" 0. &' " " '. > 7. ! "0. 2 @. 5. " &' ". 8 $. 5. 7. 3 %4 !. 7. $-. ". '. 3. &. 9$. : %. ( ). !. $. %. $. 9 6. 2.
(7) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ B $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ B $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ B > $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 9 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ C $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ C $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ C $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ F $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ( ) & $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 7 % $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 0 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 2 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ A A$ $ ( !* : * $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ A A$2$ : * $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ A$2$ $ ! : * $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ B ) > $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$2 $ $ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$2 $2$ ! $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$22 $2$ $ ! $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$22 $2$2$ ' ! $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$2A $2$A$ ! $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$2A $A$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$2 $A$ $ ,30 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$2D $A$2$ 0 ! : B $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$2B $ $ / % $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$29 $ $ $G / % $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$29 $ $2$ / %$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$2C $D$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$A $D$ $ : $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$A $D$2$ 0 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$A2 $D$A$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$AA $B$ , $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$A $B$ $ & > , $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$A $B$2$ 5, $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$A $B$A$ / . ! 7 3 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$AD $B$ $ 3 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$A9 $B$D$ 3 , ' $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$A9 $B$B$ < %0 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$AC $B$9$ > G $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$AC $B$C$ : % ; $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $B$F$ , $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 2 / ' $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ D$ $ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ D$2$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ D$2$ $ > $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $ $ $2$ $A$ $ $ $D$ $B$ $9$ $C$ &' 2$ $ 2$2$ 2$A$. 7 % ,7 : ! ( !* E 0 >. A.
(8) D$2$2$ : $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ B D$2$A$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ F D$2$ $ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$D9 : " $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$B B$ $ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$B B$2$ : $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$B2 B$2$ $ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$BA B$2$2$ / %$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$BA B$2$A$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$BA B$2$ $ , $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$BA B$A$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$B B$A$ $ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$B B$A$2$ / %$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$B B$A$A$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$BD B$A$ $ , $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$BD B$ $ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$BD B$ $ $ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$BB B$ $2$ / %$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$BB B$ $A$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$B9 B$ $ $ , $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$B9 , $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$BF 9$ $ : < ! H $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$BF 9$2$ > # ! 6 H $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$9 9$2$ $ 1 > # , : H $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$9C 9$2$2$ 1 > # , H $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$C 9$A$ : $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$C 9$ $ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$C 9$ $ $ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$CD ' $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$CF C$ $ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$CF C$2$ ' $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$CF. , , ,. . ) ,!! .2): .A): *. A 3 &. A.
(9) / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /. I 2I AI I DI BI 9I CI FI. ( &. &. &. &.. I I 2I AI I DI BI 9I CI FI 2 I 2 I 22I 2AI 2 I 2DI. !. I>. 1 ' ,30 0 ( &. > > / / / ! G 1 &. :. :. * $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ D $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 9 .! ! $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ C 5 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ C ! % + $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ F $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$2 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$2 ! $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$22 ! $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$2A ! $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$2 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$2B G $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$2C $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$2F $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$AA .! ! % $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$AB $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$AC $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$AF $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ! % + $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 2 > $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ C $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$DD G $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$DD $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$B 0 . % $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$9D. G. $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$DB. D.
(10) ! #. " #$. #. $ $#. #. %. A % $ G>:$ ,. $DK. & &. 6. &6 JD !. ". !. " K ! 2. $ (. A. ". ! $,. ". K. &. ! 5. (. !. $. ". ! *. &6 ". ". * !. !. ! $ $. " ! !. ! .. $(. !. !. .. " $ , % !. %$ 7 $ / ! ! 7. L ". * *. !. &'. -. *. $. *. !. ($ B. ". ". " &'. !. ( !. !. $. * ". (. 7. 6. ". ! . ( 76 " '. ! ". 6. ' 6 $ $. ! .. ! L. ! . $ 7 ! ! ". *. &'. (" & !!" " " #. #. & ! !. " !. ! . ". !. !. !. $$. #. !2. 9. 2B. B.
(11) ". ". " $ ". * *. %. " !. M !. %. !. .. &. $. ". " ". ! .. ! . *. ". N$ ". ! .. M! N$ " 1. . 3. ,. %. ". $2 ,. !. $ " !. ! -. *. " !. $ ". !. !. !. ! $0. !. ! 1. ! *. ". $ ! % *. !. %. %. !. $B$ ". *. !. .. $ #. "G !. G. .. $0. $ *. !. $ $, ! $. .. *. 7. " %. *. . !*. " ! !*. %. !. $. ,. ". ! !. !. L 5. 2. 1. !. ". ,. &. $. $ !. ". "2. 9" " " " #. !. ! &. " !. ". #. # %" 2. 9 D C. 9.
(12) 5. $A. ! !. $-. !. !. !. ". !. " $-. ". H1. ! H. ! ! * ! *. !. ". !. ". ". #. ". ! !. ! !. !. $ ,. !. *. $ !. !. !. $. ! ". #. !* $ " $. $. %. •. ". " #. !. • • • •. 1 1 1 1. &. '. ! !. H. # #. H H !. H. #. (. !. H. ). 7. " *. %. $. $ . A$. ,. !. '. % ". %. !. #. ". ". +. % + $. 7. ". !. !. ". ". !. !. !. $<. !. !. A. - %. " "&. ! * #. "7. 2. ". $. - % 9 2 A. C.
(13) .. +. ! !. #. " ! $/. " !. ! ". !. $. "%. %. 0 % " 0 !. " 1. ". % " >. " G " !. $ -. % ". %. ! ,. $. . ". !! $. !. ,. . 2". *. $. * . " ! !. 2. B$ $ #. $ ! !. $. E. " ". ! !. .. !. O H -. !. !. H H. (. #. #. !. $. ". L L. $ $ ( $,. ! ! $ ,. . + !. ,. %. L # !. !. ". " !. !. $. #. !. $. " !. % !. $ !. $. ! !!. % %. !. ,. 3 #. #. P> !. #. " 2 9" &% '() *+(,. '. -" 2. 9 D2. F.
(14) " ! $. +. , 0. &' *. ! !. ( !. &'. ($. !. !. !* &' (. !. $ 7. !. ! !. * !. !. " &'. ,. (. $. ". $. * !*. % !*. &6. !. ! !. !. ! ! 7. !. & $. %. ! !. !*. %. &'. (. $. !. %. ! ". ". $ (. !* $. % %$ !. !*. ! !. $. !. * $ 0 !. ". ! $. !.
(15) .. / 0. ! '( !)* ,. &. # '( !)* # #. +. $&. #. '( !)* ,. $. /. D * $, ! ". &' ( 6 !. " &'. ". ( !. %. " &'. $. , &'. (. ". $ &6 ,. /. 0. :. $. 0 ". !* '@ > ,. (P ". %. !. &. % ,. %. " A<. " &' % '@ > * & " &' ( /. (. !. !. FF. D. $. AD *. & >. ' !. & $ 7. *. * ". * &'. !. %. $. !. (. %. $ -. %. L. !. 5. ". ". *. ". !. $. &. ' &'. (. ! &. ##. " &'. #. 5! (5 $ #. .. $ M N9". # &. &. %. $ -. &'. (. @ !. $ &' ". & D. = 7 ! &' ( " 0 2 9 2 9 ! $ B. A" &'. ( ". '@ > %. $ &'. "2. (. ! (5. " !!" " " #. *. " !. ". #. !. !. $. !. $$. !". &.
(16) &. %. !. ". , &'. ( $. %. $. ". " #. M. $. &. NC$. -. &'. (5. % !. & !. $. !. " ". #. %" ". $. #. !. %". ". 7 %. ". &'. $. (5 !. ". $ / " ". ! %. !. !. !. .. .. $ : ! ". ! %. $ & &. ! %. .. %. !. %. ! $ M'( !)* ,. $. #. $&. #. C. &' ( " 0 9 2 F ! $ ! $. ". !!" " " #. N$. '. #. !. !. $. !. $$. L". 2. 2.
(17) 1 )-!. #. !. /. #. &. #. /. ! ". #. (. ". ". " % $ $. !. !. !. !. . 2. 2 ! $ &6 '@ > $ *. *. ". *. ". B. &. $. *. 0. $ 1. $. 1. $. ##. 2 *. 2. " ! .. " $. # ". ". !. * .. $/. ". ". ". $, !. $ ,. ". ! $. !. ! $. *. #. A. % !. !. ". !. !. $7 !. $. ! !. ! $. >. !. % %. ". " .. $ *. % 0 ! ". &'. (" & !!" " " # # 2 " )0 % A ! $ &' ( " 2 B" D " )0 %. 2. & !. " !. !. ),. #. %. !2. $$. " *. &. D. ! .. )>. - %". 9 " &'. 2B ( ). &. A. A.
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
(19) ! 6 '7 " /. *. 6 ! !. !. *. * "G. ". *. "<. L7. ! !*. ! !. !. * !. (" 2. B" ,. .". ! *. !. ". *. $. >&:<. !. &'. *. ! O/. ,G. 2. * /. $. " & 6 =$ !. !. <. 2. *. !. *. /@ / $. 2 (. &. !. ,G $. >&:<. #. ! !. $. D. D. 5.
(20) 3#(#2#. 4. 5. 6 !. *. $. % " $ $ !. •. M6. •. #. •. •. $. 6. #. ) !4. /. 7* 89 :. # #. # 7- !:. #. #. #. # $. . #. )-!. " &. .. $ ## $ # #. $ # )-!. $ $&. .. $ #. -. # )-!.. ##. # •. ,GI &. ; •. ,G $. # ##. # ". !. %. 22. 7 ! >&:< $ %. ". .. $ ! >&:< I. 2. •. 0*. •. . # &. •. 9. $&. •. ). &. •. (. &'. (" 2. $ #. /. $ # $. B" ,. . ". B B2. B.
(21) •. )-!.. •. 6. $ $. /. 022. / 8 8 (3 (00. !. *. ! $. ! ! B. ! G:' " 6. 0 ! $A$ $. G 60. :. ' '. (00. '. % :. ! !. %. : B$ !. $. / 8 (9 /( ,0. %" !. G ". * %. !. ". $ /( ,0. ". ! (. 0. ( &0. &#. $ /( ,0. % !. " $ $. $ 0. !. %. (). /8 :( 0 ,. ! ! ". *. $. " 2". " $. !. ". :( 0 ,. " ". ! !. !. ! $D$. :( 0 ,. $ 0 $D$2$. 2B. ( &. 22. ! $" B2 &' ( " 2 B" , 2 ! $" 2 2D ! $" 2 2 2A. . ". F. 9.
(22) / 8 / (: (0(5. !*. " !*. % $ ! $ $ (0(. ! !. % $0. $D$A$. ; . < (* 6 '7 !. ! %$ %. 7. !. " A$ 0. 3 &.. .!. %. !. !. !. O .! ! $B$. " !. ". 2F. 3=. < 5. !*. ". ! %$. %". ! !*. O 5. ". !. $0. !. $B$. 9 &.. 2B. 7 " 7$:$G, &' ( " 2 B" 2C ! $" 2A 2 2F 7 "2 9 D A A &' ( " 2 B" , . " A 7 "2 9 D A 29. A. 5. 8 *. ),. .. " &' )>. (" 2. 9 D A - %". 2 22. 2. C.
(23) , /@ / %. 3(. O + ". D" % + $B $. !. !. " ! .. 7. /@ / !. ) &.. A2 AA. $. &'. (" 2 7. $. !. %. B" , . " "2 9 D A. +. AA. 2 2D. F.
(24) 1. 0. /. )-!. $. ##. $. &. ! $. ##. #. # $. #. #. .(. ). ". ! B$. %. %. ! ! !. /. .. ". $. ! $ ,. . %. $A. AD. >. .. ! %. A AD. &' ( " 2 ! $". B" , 9. . ". " ". %. D 9. 2.
(25) $ ". !. M. N. #. ! (. !. $. %. ! %. %$. !. % $. ! % #. L. *. $0 !. %. $ $2 $ ! ". ". %. AB. A9. $. ! O. :. !. ! !. 9$AC. ". AF. 1. !. !. $ L. .. !. $. !. !. 7. '. !. %" . ". " 0 !. '. $, $B $. AB. , & % ", $ " D A9 &' ( " 2 B" , AC , & % ", AF ! $. ". !. .. $2. 9" ( 0 0 $A$. $2. 9". ,. C %". D. 2.
(26) ". .. ". !. $ ! - /. G:' " 6 0. '$. ! !. ". !. !. #. !. !. : B. $. ! :. .. ". #. !. ! .. L. *. !. $. 2. ' 6. ". %. ". !. !. %. $. / ) 9#(#2#. 1. 93. 4. &. !. !. %$. !. ". !. !. ". #. ! .. ( &0 $. ! ". $. !. C. $. !. % $ $. !. !. !. !. % ". %". *. &' ( " 2 B" , ! $ 2 , 7 " 9 A , & % "= ,. $. !. . " &. F ". &. "2 ". !. "2. B" >$ ( 0 0 $2$ ) 6 B" >$ &'. $A$ ) ' ( " 2 B" ,. ' # , . ". ". " 9B. 22.
(27) 9#(#(#. .. 4 $. !. " " : B % $. ". ! $,!. 0. 0 # $. D. F. ' 6 !. !. B. $. &. ! . ' 6 " $. '. +. !. 9. !. C. !. 9#(#3#. 4 !. ". ". !. %. $. $. %. F. ". $D $ -. ". L. ! . $/ .. . L. ". !. $. $D. % 1. 0. 10 I. % D. , & % , 7 9 , & % C , F , & % D ! $ D 0 %7 D2 ! $" B. "=. &. ". " &. "=. " 2 B" " 2 B" " 2 B". ". &. " !. "= "' 2. & 7. D C ,. ". "2 ". B". $" 2. D2. 9" >$. D & % D B. "=. &. $A$2 ) 1. 3. " ,. "2. B" ". D B. 2A.
(28) • • • • • •. ! ! # ". 10. !. ". !. $ DA. ". "!. ". !. %". : B !. $D. !. ! %. ! ". ! !. !. %. .. ! 5. .. $ 7. ! !. ! $ &. !. ! !. $. # ". . .. . % $ DD. DB. !. 2=. ". % + !. +. $ ". ! DA. $. , & % ! $ DD ! $ DB , D. M "=. &. " !. "2. B". D B ,. & %. "=. &. ". "2. B". D. 2.
(29) , !. 3. 0. N. ,30 $. ,30 ! G:' " 6 0 " #. % '$ ( $D9. ,30. *. ". 8 )*. 9#3#2#. ,30. !. !. 2" 2. 2 !. $. : B". ,30. !. ! ! ,30 $ $. ". $. !. !. ! !!. ,30. !. + #. #. 0. <. #. &. #. !.. & $. 2. #. =. (. ,30 ". .. 2. $. %. !. ". ! $ ". 0. !. $. 7. ,30. !. !. ,30. ". #. #. $ L ". -. ,30 $. L. ,30. ! $ &.. " ,30 AG " 0. , ,30. ! ,30. % !. , & % 7 !DF ! $". "= "2. DC. 2 !. ! !. " " 2 B" ,30 1 ! %". * %. !. & ". $. ! $. D9. '" -. - 0 ,R. 2G " !. !. ! ,30 $,. %. !. 9 B2. 2D.
(30) ! $ >. !. !. ". $. !. ! $. B. ,30. 22. M* N :. $. $ O<. :. !. % <&. % > :. #. % 0(!. : %. < &0 (. 1 #. >$ 7 < % $ ,30 !. $. 9#3#(# 8. > !. : B. !. % $. !. ! %. 7. !. %. !. ! $A$ $ -. %. !. % !. !. $B. (. ! %. B ! B. 7 !"2 < 0 < % " &&&. B. " @. : B !. : B $. !. :. ! ! % $>. %O : B ". : B A2 !. :. 2C ! $. 2 < S " 2 2" 1 0 +. 0. 0 !. <. : B. 2B.
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
(32) !. $2$A$. !. !. $. G. B. !. % G. !. ". " % O. ". !. $ ". ". $ !. ". 2". !. !. % $ ". %!. $. !. .. $. ". " !. .. $BD ,. !. %. !. $. G. 2(. 9#9#(# 1. " %. %". BB. %. !. !. ". $ ( G ". 8. $ $ &. /. BD. & G. BB. , "2. 9". (. G ! ". ! ". B. !. !. "0 %7 " $ $9$ " F "G : 2. " ". $" 2 ). " $. 9" >$/( ,0 $A$ ) , ". B. 2C.
(33) %. # $/. $B9. ". ! !. ! ! $. ". A$ ". ". (00. /. ! ". " $ AG !. -3,< $(. $. < " 6 '7 .. /@ /. $ ". !. !. ". %. $. /. ! %. !. % /( ,0 / M %N. !. " %. $ $. BC. 23I 0. %. ! ". " $. !. .. % ,30 % ! % B9 BC BF. 0 %7 &'. "' ", ( " 2 B" ,. E %. 7 ! "7 . ". " 2. ,30 ,30 $" 2 9" "2 9 D2 2 2. $BF. E $(. F2. 2F.
(34) !. G. #. !. % %. ' 6 ' 6. $9. G. G $ 7 !. %. !. %. 2. 2. !. $. !. %. !. !. !. !. %$ %. ". $9. %. !. $: $ 7. . $. " ! * ". G. ! !. * !. G !. ! !. 10. $. !. G. %. :( 0 ,. !. *. !. $7. $ :3. 9#)#2# ,. ! " !. G ! & G >. 5. . !. !. ! • • • • • •. !. ". $ .. ! !. #. ". $. #. I :. G: G. <. (. &G< (. ! %. &' ( " 2 B" , . " ! $ 92 / , ": G ' # " D2 9A /$ , " $7 $ " A2 9. !. $92. !. # (0(. 9. $. 2. 2 2 ". $" 2. $" 2. B" >$/( ,0 $2$ ) 6. 9" >$:( 0 ,$A$. ,. A.
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
(36) '. !. ,. ,:. :. $ 5. !. " $. .. !. '. !. ! I. !. ! "! %. ,: O ! !. ". ! !. $. 1. .. ?. ' 6. !. $7. *. !. . $. " #. % $. !. 1. !. 1 !. ". #. ". $ " !. $ /. ". " .. # ! $, *. " !. # ! !. # ". -. < $. %. % - <. ! $. !. - <. " $,. # %. ". 9#)#(# 8. 8. ". .. !. !. ! $ :). 0 .. % !. %. %. $ 6. ". G<. ". $. ! !. #. , % <. $ %. ". !. ! $ 0. .. 7. !. % ". $7 !. . $. ! 9D. /$ ,. ". ! $7. $" 2. $. !. 9". % " ! $. !. 2 A. A2.
(37) ,. ". " ". % $ !. !. % "!. ! ". $ :>. 9#)#3#. % $ / $ 7. ,30. $A$ ". !. !. $ $ /. .. !. ' 6 $. !. ! !. .. $. !. $ ! !. $. ! $ ! !. $. 99. 29. 9B 99. &' ( " 2 B" , ! $ 2FF. . ". 2FC 2FF. AA.
(38) & 9#>#2#. -. " !. $. ". !. $9C. " !. " ! !. $ /. $. " !. L. . ". " %. $9F. %. !. %. %. L. +. !. ,! $. ( 76 !. $. !. L. !. !. $C ! O. !. 0 0 ! ' 6. 9#>#(#. 0 !. $ $C. @. /. 5 %". %$C2. ! !. $ -. 5. ! !. $ !. 9C. 9F. 7. &' ( " 2 ! $ C ! $ C2 7 C. " B" , ". " . "". $" 2. !. B" >$ < $2$ ) 6. L. #. ". 2B 2BA ". $" 2. B". A.
(39) %. !. #. ". .. $CA. %. !. $> !. $. !. . !. !. $C. ". $ 2. $CD. 2. 9#>#3#. ' 6. !. *>. < 5. ". ! $7. ". !. " K$ ". !. !. ". $ .! ! !. !. !. ! ! $7. ! !. ". !. !* !. !. #. ! /. # ". .!. $, $. ! .. # !. $ ! !. ! .. $. ". #. !. " !. $. ' 6. . .. $. ". ' 6. " !. %. " !. $. D %$. !. CA. &' ( " 2 B" , . " ! $ CD ! $ CB / , "0 , ' # " 2 A C. # !. 2BA 2BD ". $" 2. B" >$ 6 '7$2$. 6. AD.
(40) 2) (. ,. .!. ' 6 !. !. %. C9. !. ". ". . ' 6". ! %. $. !. ! !. .. C9. &'. (" 2. B" ,. ! " !. . ". ' 6. !. " M. $ !. !. N ! $. 2. AB.
(41) **. 9#>#9#. ! #. ". ". ! #. $ ,. !. $. ". ' 6". !. ! . #. ". #. " $. "! 5 !. $ " ". %. " $. " #. $6. #. ". " !. $,. " $. #. $ !*. .. %. !. !. $. 9#>#)#. *+. .. /. ". ". 5. ". ". " !. $ , !. #. %. ! !. ' 6 " $. !. *. ". !. ". .. ( 76 " $3 5. ! ". !. !. !. " !. $. ! ! $ % ! .. ". # L. / ! $". ,. "0. B. .. $. ". CF. !. $ !. CC. !. #. ". ". $. !. $. -. !. .. ,. $,. ". $" 2. B". ! ! !. " ! B". AD 2. AB. A9.
(42) ! !! " $. ! .. !. F. 2> &.. 9#>#>#. 7. ". +2. %8. % $. !. "! .. " %. ". $/. ". %. .. ". $ $ %. %. ". " !. %. !. !. $. 9#>#:# -. +(. 6. $. ! .. M. N. !. " !. ". ". $ ,. ". !. $< M. ! !. M. ". ! $ , N. N" +. ! ". " ! $. +. %. $. F. &' / F2 0 ' # F. (" 2. B" , ,. ,. "0 ". . " 2 2 "0 , " : 7 " 29 AF. $" 2 B" B2 CD $" 2 B" >$ /@ /$2$ ) 6. AC.
(43) ,. 9 ! #. $ ,. ". M. N. 0 $ $ , ". 0 !. %. M. '. N$ !. %. ! $ 6. #. " ". :. !. 0 ". 0 ". $. 0. " !. !. $. FA. 2:I >. /. " !. $ ! C !. $. ". " #. FA. 0. ". ". $. ,. "0. :. 7. ". $" 2. B". A. AF.
(44) F. 2*I >. 9#>#*#. %. +). A. % + ! %. ;. %. (. !. !. !. %. !. $. "!. $-. A. ! !. %. !. !. !. %. %. $. %. " $ ,. ". !. 1. $. ". ! ". L. ! $. !. !. " ! $ !. F$ $. M'. : % M. @ N$. !. %. #. % %. #. FD. 0 , "0 ! $" D2. ! :. 7. $-. ". $ -. ". " ". $" 2. ! *. " %. %. F. ! .. N". B". " !. A. $.
(45) %. $. %. !. %. ". #. %. %. Goods vehicle. %. network CF&F (TMC). local CF&F. Provide contextual regulations. Parking allocation. Vehicle approaches the reserved space. Request new b ooking. S6: Supply real time traffic data, control rules and routing information. Report on violation situation. Confirm or change booking, Provide routing & Activate access. Violation Management (In collaboration with Enforcement Agency). Send authorisation for parking on the allocated space & booking updates (if any) & routing info. ". Send vehicle data/plate & violation details. Detect vehicle. Report on parking status. 2+ /. B. Vehicles position. Supply vehicles position & speed (real time local traffic status). Network wide traffic status. Vehicle changes reservation (if needed). Vehicle parks on, and leaves, the reserved space. other vehicles. Urban Control & Access Rules. Supply network wide traffic data & control rules. Booking request. Supply Id, position & ETA. !. !. $. Register vehicles Plan routes & deliveries. Distribute route, delivery & parking information. % !. Identify violation (if any). !. %. FB. +. . ! !. $ 7. ! % $ =. ". #. %. !. $ /. ". * L. *. $, ! !. ". %. ". ! %. 2 $ %. ". !. M>. " N$ ,. % !. "0. ". # ! .. ,. !. $ !. 0. ". !. %. ,. FB. %. :. 7. ". $" 2. $ !. B".
(46) % %. % ". $-. # $. Area CF&F. network CF&F. Local CF&F. In -vehicle. (Fleet manager). (Road Operator). (Parking Operator). Provide traffic information Driver time management. Booking request (from Driver). Booking request. Routes and Rest Period planning. Booking request. Parking Management (allocation). Traffic information & incident detection. Provide parking info and rules. Parking info & Control rules Vehicle Approaching the parking. Distribute route & rest planning. Supply position & ETA. Network wide traffic state. Parking Management (Update info). Vehicle identification & authorization / Micro routing info. Access Control Management. Parking information update. Access Control Management. Rules violation detection. Send vehicle information. Violation management F9. (= /. +*. 9#>#+#. $ #. ! .. .. L. ". " !. $ &. ! !. " % !. $. " % %. !. !. $& L. ! ! $. *. ! !. !. ". !. " ! !. $ " ! !. ! $ -. " $ !. F9 FC. 0 , ! $" DA B. "0. :. 7. ". $" 2. $ B". D. 2.
(47) !. ! % !. !. $ ! $. !. %. $ %. !. $ !. ". %. $!. ". L. $. A.
(48) $. . #. #. #. $. #. # #. $&. $. $. $. #. ) %. %. $ .. % %. $FF # !. #. 2. $ 2. $. !. " $. ! " .. $. $. .. )#(#2# ". ! $. •. ,. " !. •. !. ,. < ". ". .. $. ,. A. ". " ". !. ". ". ! $ L. $. D. ". $. •. FF. " < $ 2. !. . .. •. ". ". ' " FFB" ( " !!" " " # # # # %! ! ! ! # "2 9 2 : = "7 "2 9 C " ,! " !!" " " # 5 # ! ! $ $ 2 = " 2 A" - G H" B 2F A ! , 3 P> " 2 9" 2 9 = " 2 A" - G H" B 2F D ! $" B 2F. !. ! !. 5. 0. 5. ! C. !. !. #. "2. 4. 9 2.
(49) •. ! $7. !. !. $. •. B. ! $. $. 9. •. ! $ !. !. % $. !. C. !. %. • " ". " ". %. $. •. ! L. F. ! L !. !. .. L. $ : $. ! &. •. & 2. 0 $2. •. $. 0. 2 &. 2. # #. $ #. 0. %. 2. $. #. 2. B. = ! C ! F ! ! 8 9. <. 2 A. D. ! ! ! !. "2. A". >. $. A. $& ;. $. >. # ;. 0. •. ! 0. D. B 2F. $ $ $ $ % $" $" $" $". 7 TU7 % "" 2 A2 2 D 2 D 2 D. ". $" 2. A". :. ,. 2 A. D.
(50) & " .$ L. L. !. L. L $. % $. ". B. L !. $ ". ". !. ! !. L. .. $ / !. ! !. !. L. $. )#(#(# :. !. $(. M. .. !. >. N$ %. I ". !. ! !. !. $, $. :. 9. C. !. !. % L. $ :. ". $. ". F. .. &6. ! &6. >. 2. 2LDCL& I M $ N$. $ N$. # 2. # #. :. !. !. M. !. 2. " " ". B. "2 7 TU7 C / 1 7 " 2 F = "2 2 8 7 TU7 2 ! $" F2 9. = 8. %. A" % "! ". B 2F. A" % "-. B 2F. /. " $& ". $" 2 A" $" 2 B" $" 2. A". !. F9 ":. > FF. B.
(51) $ ( !. !. $. 22. , !. O L. L. L. L. ! .. ". $ .. ! !. $. . $. • • • •. I. 2. 2A. !. ". !. !. :. ! !. ! : :. !. ! $ !. %. !. $. 2D. 2(>. ,. !. ". !. $. 5 %. ". ". !. % %. $ ". ". ". $ !. !. $ 2(:. ,. !. .. !. $ /. .. 5 $. 2(*. (. !. % $(. 22. 8 ! 2 ! 2D ! 2B ! 29 ! 2C ! 2A. $" $" $" $" $" $". 7 TU7 % "2 2 2 92 C 2 F 22 22 22A. ". $" 2. A". 2. 9.
(52) !. 5. $. !. !. $. . %. !. :. !. % %. $. 2(+. /. %. > !. $. ! O. !. ". ". ". 2 $ ". $ %. !. !. !. %. $ !. .. 5. ! $ ,. %. %. !. $ !. 5. (2 /. !. :. % $. A. >. $! !. ". $. /. !. :. >. #. %. $. 1 * !. 5 2 L 2. $. %. ! *. !. &6 $. 2 L 2 $. A. !. %. % $. # $ ! 2F A A. !. ! < /. "! 1 !. ! $". !. #. ". /. ". : $. $2. B". 2AF. 2AF ". ". !!" " " #. #. !" 2. 9 D 2A. C.
(53) $ ,. !. !. %. ! !. $. ". A2. $ ". # %. $ 7. L. ". %. !. %. $7 " .. .. ". %. B. $. AA. !. ". $ (. :. 0, !. $ ! $. !. A. .!. % !. $. % % !. ". !. !. $. .. 1. .. !. : $. M. N. AD. !. ". " !. 5. $. !. 1. ! :. :. %. $ %. 5. >. $. AB. ". !. )#(#3# -. ". %. % " $ $. $ $ &. ! ! $. A2. !. !. !. ". AC. G* "! $ A ! $ AD , = "AB 8 7 TU7 A9 / 1 AC > "2 AA. !. A9. %. ,. % 7 % "! " A" > :. "2 "2. 9 A. 9. 2A ". /. $. $" 2 A" $" 2 B" ". 2. 2 9 2. F.
(54) ". ! % $-. %! !. " $. 7. ! !. ". ". AF. $. %. % 29=. ". % $&. %. %. !. ". $. 7. %. * ". .. !. % ". !. !. !. $ !. !. % " "!. !. % $. % %". $. 292. !. !. .. !. ". $. %. !. ". %. !. $ !. %. !. !. !. $ /. ". %". !. ! $ .. ! >. !. !. !. !. " %. .. $. .". ! !. $ $ , " O % M N $,. + $ ". %. ". $ !. %. !. !. O. !. %. !. > 8 >. " 2 A" 7 TU7 % "" 2 A". ". $" 2. %. $ -. 8. $>. AF. $. /. A". -. - ". A. 2 D2 B. D.
(55) . G. "!. %. &. !. ". - $. .. ." %. 2. %. % $. " !. A. %" !. $. !. !. %. ". !. $ # ". %. $ !. % ! ". ". $. .. $. # !. !. %$ ,. &. ". ! !. !. ". !. !. %. !. ". ". :. !. 9. !. !. ! !. $ 1. ! ". !. % .. ! !. . *. !. ! !. *. ". " !. ,. $ ! #. . V. !*. !. " !. B. $. . ! ! $. !. ! ". !. D. !. !. $. $. ! !. !. $ 1. !. # !. #. (. !. " ". !. !. !. $. $. . !. C. ". %. !. ". !. !. 5 ! 2. > > ! D ! B ! 9 ! C !. "2 "2. A. $" $" $" $" $". !. $ ". " ". A" A". D D 2 22 AF DF. D.
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
(57) D. I. !. DD. •. %. ,. " !. !. %. :=. ) !. $ •. ),. -. % := $. •. .. ). .. !. %. L •. ! %. !. $. %. !. %. $. ). %. . %. •. ) ,. C. $. %. ". ! %. $. % %. ). %. !. %$. := ". ". % $. •. C %. ) =. %. " ! #. !. $. •. ). 4. %. !. %. $ <. ! %. !. !. $ %. ! !. •. % 5. ) , :=. $ ". %. $ !. !. $. !. ! •. $ 4. ). ". ! #. :=. D DD. 8 <. "2. !. %. 7 TU7 % ""2 9 A2. ". $" 2. !. ". : $. A". 2. DA.
(58) 2)>. C ,. !. !. :=. ). ". ". ! .. $ :=. !. %. := $ ( !. .. $. .. %. 1. ! := !. !. #. ". $. H1 H1. :=. #. H1 !. 5. !. H. #. := $. > 2):. 8 (. !. : B. !. %$ ! : B !. $. $. ! "!. " ". $2$A$. : B. !. ". ! ". $ 2)*. 6 %. ! ! ! * !. G " 2. 9. !. G. $. % $. G. *. / !. !. !. ". $ (. !* "!. G $ $ ( ! 22 !. ". % $. !. $. %. ! !. !. !. % !. $. %. ! +. DB. 8 8 DC 8 D9. 7 TU7 % "" 2 A" 0 ! 7 " 2 B" G. " -. $" 2 " :. A" A2A "G ". !. $. 2 F. D.
(59) (( G. DF. 1. 7. G. " ". !. 2. $ $ ". 22" !. " $ !. $. " $ $. !. B. 2A. !. $. G. (3. B. $ !. DF. B B. $. & / /. !. " , ,. " 8? W 7 A9 "0 %7 "0 %7. "2 " ". D" G $" 2 $" 2. ), 9" >$/( ,0 $A$ $ $ $C" 9" >$/( ,0 $A$ $ $ $9". BC BC. DD.
(60) 2 >. B2. G. $. $ ! $. !. !. ! $ !. !. $. G !. $ ". !. $ G. <. ". .. ". $. " !. $/. !. !. .. %. " !. $ ". %. ,. #. %. $ /. ! ". ! G. $. !. !. . .. $. !. $ !. !. >5 $. L L. ! $. M. G. N. !. !. ! $. !. !. $ > $ ! $ %. B2 BA. ! $. %. ". 8 G. "2. . 7 " 2 B" 9" G !. $. BA. D ". ". 2. DB.
(61) )#(#9# ; -. " ! ,. $ , $. 2. $ $. BD. N$. 9 $. ! 6. # M. #. &. #. &. ". /. 5. !. ". !. " ". !. !. ) !. $. 2>>. ". ,. $. & $ , $/. 0. " M+. " $. !. $ 7. %. 1. ! $ -. ! ". $. ". %. !. ". !. !. " ". !. %. $. " $. /. 2>:. (. ! $ , (. (. " ". $ (. %. ! !. !. $. . ! $. !. % ". ! !. $. " ! B. BD. BB B9. $,. ". % $. !!" " " # 8 !!" " " #" / ! $. "2. D" > O6 " # ! ! " 2 9 A 2B "2 " " # ! . 8 !; ! # " 2 9 A 2B 1 ! " / $& $" 2 B" 2. D9.
(62) $. ! .. ". % . !. $ , ". !. ". %. ". $. %. " !. ! . ". %. !. " " ! %. ! % "!. $ , !. %. $. ! !. !. ($. ! O. 0. !. >. >0 ". $. >0. % $ 5. ". ! %$. %. 5. !. $. 8 ! 0. 0 :<. $$/ %$. !. :. ! !. <. ! :<. " BC. %. G 0 G 0$. %. 60. %. BF. %. ". 2:=. >. M. N .. !. !. $. >. $ >. 5 5. $ >. !. %. # $ $. %. O. !. >. % #. $ 5. " BC BF 9. 8 ! $" ". L % " 2 A" D DA ! " 2 A" D. % % $ $ ! %. + $. % $. 2 >. !. &. ". DC.
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
(65) &. D. 1. # #. &. $. $. # !. )-!.. ## )-!. $ #. &. ?. $. &. ;. &. . ". $ %. $ 2 $. 9C. !. L !. 9F. $ .. C. (9I &.. ! !. ! ". $ ". .. ". " $ /. O .. " # $. . $. 9C 9F C. G* "- % < "- % 0 , "/. !. .. , , /. ". "2 9 A "2 9 A $" 2 B" >&:< -. !. :. - %. %. 2". B.
(66) $. C. . $. ". C2. " $ $ #. M)-!.. I M)-!. # / $# $&. $. ,. $. &. /. %. 2 " %. G. D$2$A $. N. # &. ". !. !. CD. G #. ! $ %. !. $ (. !. G. !. !. $. CB. , ! M+ 7. " $. % $. # N. C9. # 7. !. # &. ". # # $9". $. &. #. ). % $ <. * ! ! ". M. ! #. " $&. !. C. CC. %" ! $. 0 , "/ / < "- % , CA &' ( " 2 B" , . " C ! $" D2 CD 0 , "/ / CB / , "0 %7 C9 0 , "/ / CC 0 %7 "' 7 " C2. $ N$. $ .. CA. ". $" 2 B" "2 9 A. A 9. D " " ". $" 2 B" D $" 2 9" >$/( ,0 $A$ $ $ $9$ " $" 2 B" 2 $" 2 9". 9. B2.
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
(69) >#3#3# $2. ". D. >#3#9# /. !. ". M. %. N ". !. .. $2. % #. %. !. B. & ,!. ! $ 7@. $. !. ,: #. " >&:<. A !#. I 0. &. A2. B. !. ! ". " ' 6". $2. % !. !. C. !. +. $ (. ! !. $2. L. F. $ L. 10. (. $2. !. $. ,. " $( $2. . ". !. $(. !. !. !. 0 $ !. ". 2 D. " 1$ ,. 2. ,. /$ , F B / 0 , ! $" F ! 1 AD" B 0 %7 ; *% 8 2 ! $. 2. 2 2 2. $2. ":. 2 9 2 C. ". $9". % %. 2. !. ! %. B" >$:( 0 ,$2$ ". $2. $" 2. 6. 9" >$ 6 '7$A$. ' #. ". ,. CA "/. /. ". $" 2. B". D. D " ; *% 8 " "7. "2. " "Z 9. $" 2 [" 2. B" >$ 9. $2$2 ) 6. ' #. ". 2. BD.
(70) *. $. 2 A. ". "!. $. >#9#2# M. N $. ! !. ' 6 $2. $2. ' 6. >. D. ( $2. ". B. >#9#(#. ". L6. '. !. % $2. ! G L. %. $2. ! ! 10. $2 %. 9. ". C. % ". F. !. !. ! #. " % !. !. 6 '3. % %. %. 3. " >$. .. !. $22. " L. " !. ". " $. L. $ 10. (. $. 10. % $. !. $22. !. 2 A. & "3 1 "2 , 7 " & " 2 D , & % ", %" 2 B ! $" B2" BD 2 9 ! 1 " ; *% 8 " 2 C / , ": G 2 F ! $" B2 22 ! $" BA 22 ! $" A 2. 9 2 22 " 2 B" $ 2 9" $2 ". B" $" 2. C C D D B". BF. BB.
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
(72) $2A , %. $2AD $/ %. " $2AB. #. 2A. / ! $" 2AB / 2AD. , D ,. ". "0 ":. ,. ". $" 2 ". $" 2. B" 9". BB" 9 9A 2. BC.
(73) * $ # $. )-!.. 1 ( (. -. !. $ ". ## $. $. *. #. $. $ !. #. (. #. )-!. $. ). 2. 3. H. " "!. B$ $. !. H] ". " $ &# ' 6 " ". "! ! $ ,! $ &. " ! ". M. -. N !. !. !. $ $ &#. ". " $,. !. ". D$ " ! -. $. % !. !. ! $A$ ! ". !. !. %. .. ". !. ". $ . $7. % 5 %$ =. 5 %. .. $(. ". !. " !. " " $. ! ". -. .. % ". !. 5 % !. %. ". $ 5. *. H 7. !. !. ". ! !. % $7. !. $3. D$2$ ". ! !. !. $-. : B$. ! ' 6. " !. ! L' 6. ". % H,. : B. " ". %. :. " !. ". % !* %". $ %. H ( :. ! ! BF. %.
(74) !. ! .. $. 10 ". % #. :. H"!. H. %. ". !. ". % 3. $ %. M. N. #. $. %. " B$ $ ". ". !. $,. " . #. !. $, +. " " ". $ " ". %. %. !*. ". $( ". #. ". " %. "!. $ /. % ". !. ". %. !. ". %$ 7. %. " ". >" *. %" !. !. $ ,. !. ! !. %. !*. ". $ $ /. 5. % %. $7. >*. ". .! ! $(. " . . " ! %. $ !. " %. ". !. !. % .. $ 1. ". " " !. $ ! ". %. $ 7 !. !. !. ". !. %. ". $0. $ !. $. !. %. % +. + ". ". 9.
(75) %. %. !. L. !. !. %. %. +. ". " % H : ! !. %. +. $(. !. !. !. ". ! %. % !. ! ". " /. +. $7. !. >. ". %. + $. ". !. $1. % %. H 1. " ". % % $. >" %. $ 7 !. ". /. ". !. >. !. "*. !. $ 1. $ ". !. ". $. ! " 5 .. ,. ". ! Z'. %O. [$ !. !. $ " H-. ! %. $. /. ". #. !. ". !. ! >$. ' 6. 5 >. :. $. -. %5 % !. " $' !. $. % " % % ! ". ! " !. %. $ 8. " ! %. %. ". !. !. ". *. % 10. H/. ". ". !. $ <. " !. " ". $. 7. ! ! $. !. " % " 9.
(76) ! (". $. % ". ". !. 10. $. ". !. ,. $. ! %. $ / !. ". ". ! H. !. 10 ". ". ' 6" $. (. # ". ! $. %. B$ ". %. 0. !. # . ! 5 .. ,. $ 7. " Z'. ! [$. ! !. % %. !. !. # ! ". ". ". $ 7 !. $-. , %. 7. H ( H. !. *. ". ". "' 6 ". $. " %. M! ! ,. \ 9N. L ' .. M ". , M. '. N " ". 0. %$ ". ! $. ! $ #. / 10. 0. !. *. ". ! ! .. ', N$ : ! ! , N ! $( % 3 ! " !. ! M1 0 H. H ". $ ". $<. *. %. " "*. % H -. $. ". % ". . $( ". % !. H. % H ,. !. !. " %. ". 5. " $. .. ! Z'. %O ,. 5 .. [$ 92.
(77) 7. !. H0. !. " %. ". !. !. % ". $ (. !. " %. " $ 3 " " %. $1. %. %. ! $,. $. " !. ,. ". % ". $ %. ! $. #. %. !. ". ! $ (. !. $ ". *. !. !. $ ". !. 5 !. $ (. ". ". 9$A$ 7 ". .. !. ". *. !. !. L L. $7. ! %. ! !. %. %. %. $. !. $ &. L !. !. " 0. ". $. -. H. .. *. !. $. ! !. %. ". $. !. " ! %. 0. 5 !. $ 0. " L. 5 %. +. ". !. ". .!. !. ". " !*. !. ". $ 3. ! !. %. " 10 " ! !. $ " $,. % !. 10 " !. " ! !. ( $. !. H 9A. ^.
(78) ' 6. !. !. %. B$ $ ". $ $ /. M. \. \. !. ' 6. !. \9A\. .. \2CN. ' 6. ! %. $ ! !. ". !. $ -. " !. $B$ ". ! !. ". 0. ". !. !. $ , *. 0 $. 0. " !. :. ". " .. " ' 6 $. !. %. 0 $. !. ". !. ! +. . 0 " ! ' 6. ! $7. 0 " !. ! ". % ". H. +. ". ! !. !. $ $. % $ ( !. .. $. %. ! $. M. -. N $ 7. ! . ! :. !. !. ". .. ( 4. ! !. !. $. *. 1 (. 5. 3. !. " $. !. " 0. $. 0. !. !. " 2. " ". " 10 ". %. G $ $. 0 ". #. $. " G. ! %. !. $ -. 10 ". ! L. 10 L. 9.
(79) $ !. D$2$ " $(. !. !. ". !. $. ! !. ". ! !. " ". D$2$ $. 2D. 0. $. 0 $ ,. ! !. %. !. ! 10. # ". !. L. (. ! ". () :. %. 0. $ L. 10 " !. .. ! !. 0 $ %. 0 ". 2$. 2A9. .. %. ( ! 2A9. 2. ,. !. 0 %7. "'. 7. ". $" 2. 9". C. 9D.
(80) ". !. !. % B$ $2 $ 7 M N !. G !. (". ! G. 0 !. $,. D$2$A. (. !. $ !. (" $. ". !. !. L. .. ( $7. !. % $. !. L. " !. #. !. %. %. ! % $ (. !. " %. ". !. !. ". ". !. % ! !. "!. 5 + ". !. " !. #. ". .. $ ! !. ". " $. !. $ (. ". %. !. "!. !. $ & "!. %. !. !. ". "!. '. !. !. $. %. (". ! :<. " ". #. .. %. ". $ $ (. (". ". !. % (" !. $ ( .. %. !. %. ( $. ". "! !. ,. $. ( (. " ". B$ $A. # >$7. " !. $G %. " D$2$ $. % !. " ". .. !. !. G. ! ! ! 0 (. H ". ! !. .. G "!. !. ($. !. 9B.
(81) !. ! $. -. ! "! ! % . !. ( 76 " ! !. L L. $7. % H/ " ". % 5. H. ". * " ". ". ! !. %. !. ! H. % !. $ -. %. %. ". %" (. !. D$2$2$ ( !. %. $. ". !. !. :< #. $. ". . " !. $ 0 ". . " !. :<. !. !. $ " L. !. ! $. !. :<. 0 10 " ( 10. :<. $. ". :<. ". % ". ". !. !. $(. % .. ". !. " $ ,. . !. #. % ! % [$ 0 !. .. ! !. ! :< ". .. 5 ". $. .. ". :< %O ,. ! 0. $ : <". % $ , " Z'. $ !. !. !. ". 0. ". L #. $-. !. L. ! $. ! ". " 10 $. 9$ ". + (. !. !. 0 % " 0. ! $. !. !. $ ( " %. ". 10 $. !. 0 ". $. 99.
(82) &. ! (. !. (". ! $ /. ". !. ! " !. ! !. !. ". ". <. #. $ %". ,. ". <. !. !. !. ". B$ $2$. !. %. *. !. !. $7 !. ! !. $. -. (. ". ". M % !. ". " %. N. $ 0 " $7 !. 0 " 0. !. ". $ L. M. % N. 0. %. ". !. %. M. % N. $ '. ! !. ! !. %. #. !. $0 ". $ !. % ! !. ! ! .. " $ ". %. !. :<. " $. :#(#2# B " -. ?. &. ". " !. ! $. ! !. % ". $ , #. !. %. ". # $'. ! !. /. !. : " !. " $ 7 !. !. >. " % !. ! H ". % 7. ! , ! $. ! $/. %. R $6 ". /. $. 7 !. :. >. ] " ". .. 9C.
(83) ". !. ". $. ! ! !. !. !. !. $. ". ! !. !. $7. %. ". $ (. !. (. :. $ ". . :. (. 0. $. !. :. ". %. ! %. /. !. :. >. $. !. !. :. !. D$2$2. B$2$2 ! ! %$ < &0 (. < &0 ( $. #. #. ! !. !. H. ! $. !. $ ! %. :. 0. #. $ -. ! #. !. ". " %. $ 5. !. ". !. !. $. %. !. $. %. !. L !. %. %. $1. ". !. ". " % ". $. ! $ !. #. $/ %. ! !. $7 $. !. ! !. +. ". !. G (. !. $. 9F.
(84) ,. G !. " ". %. %. ". ". !. !. . "!. .. %. $. #. " ! D$2$ " $. L. " % $-. # ! 3 % ! : ! !. $. %. #. 9$2". #. !. % 6. $. ". ! "!. %. ". !. $ %. *. !. $ 7 D$2$ ". % !. " !. $ :. % 10. #. " !. ". ! % !. $7 %. % $. $. :#(#(# B " -. !. 10 " 10 " !. %. ?. ! $. &. !. !. #. $ !. !. $. %. " ! %". !. $. " $. % " !. ". H / !. ". (. . !. $. ! !. !. ! ". 0. ! $. ". ! $. !. 0 ". !. ". $. 0. D$2$2". $. C.
(85) ( $. ! $. ! !. $ .. !. ". ". !. ". !. $. (. ! $. ". ". !. !. $ 7 " %. $. (. " % %. % ! !. $ 7. ". ". ". !. !. %. $. -. 0. ". $-. !. .. ". 0. $ ( !. ". #. !. $ 1. !. :=. !. $ " % $ , %. 0. % .. " ". *. !. %. !. %. ". $ ,. " ". $. !. ". %. !. ". *. $ $ ( "!. % %. ! % $. ,. *. ". ! " % 5 .. #. 5 $. ). ". ". % " ! !. (. %. ! $ '. ) ". !. %O. % M. N. $ ". ". !. C.
(86) $ /. %. ! *. $ 7. !. ". !. $. #. ! !. !. $ ! 5. !. %. $/. ! $. ! !. !. % $ ( $ (. :< #. .. .. ". $ (. !. !. ! $ D$2$2" $. !. !. !. 7 !. ". !. D$2$2". " !. ! $. -. " $-. ! !. !. $. ! ". ! !. $7. " %. ". !. $. L. !. !. H. ". !. % H, " !. ! ." 5. H( " ". !. !. " ! !. H,. #. $. ". ". %. ! !. $, !. ! .. ". ! !. " H. %. %. ". " !. ! $. ! $. ". .. !. C2.
(87) ( " ! !. ". !. ! $/ D. .. ". % L. A. % L. $. !. L. $ ,. " $. &. ! $. !. !. ". !. !. $7 ". ! !. !. ". %. !. #. $. ". %. .. " ". " !. $ !. ! !. ". ! ! %. $7. ! $. ". ! !. D$2$2$. ! , !. ! ". !. .. " %. ! ". !. !. !. ! ". ! !. L. # % B$ $ ( # %. !. H. !. # !. %. ! ". ". % $. "! !. $. ". 5. H ,. !. !. #. %. $0. !. ! $. M. "!. N. $ ". !. $, ! "!. $-. ". %. . $. ! $7 ". (. !. " L. ". !. !. ". D$2$2 $ ". !. ! $ '. ". !. $. : ". "!. : /. !. :. >. ! CA.
(88) ! $ ( 9$ ". ! ! $. ! >. ! :. $. %. D$2$2 " ". #. $ !. * $ 0. $7. !. ! $ , !. ". ! H0 ". ". %. ! !. !. !*. !. $ ' ! !. ! !. $. *. ). (. ). /. " ". B$A$ $ >. " " ". $ ,! "!. !. *. ! ". .. ! .. % %. % $ ". %. ! " !. !. !. $ !. %5 .. " ! %. . .. ". " #. $ -. H. $ B$A$2$ . ! %. ". H,. :=. %. ". H !. : $. : B " : B. !. !. : B $. !. #. !. : B. % %. !. ! .. ". ! .. $ %. ". $. !. L $ -. ! ". !. C.
(89) !. %. $. ! $ $7. ! !. !. %. ". 5. %. $. !. L ". !. $ % !. $. !. % $. ,. !. ". ! ! $. " % ! $ (. #. ! $. !. ". !. $/ !. ! !. $. G %. $. ! !. $7 $. !. :#9#2# !. ". !. #. " $ 7. !. ". $ " $7. ". ". !. ". $ -. ". ! $. $,. ! ". !. .. ! *. ". # .. %. !. $. %. $ ( #. !. $ &.. !. %. %. " %. $. 6 ". " G. 2A. D$2$A. !. !. ". CD.
(90) !. ". $ , $. !. %" !. !. .. !. $ "! ! !. ! 0. $. !. " $ &.. ! 0 < !. ". % ! $(. ". !. ". ! !. ! ! !. $ $(. !. %. ! !. ". 0 >. 5. $ " ! &.. !. ". !. !. $ !. " ! $ "!. # $ (. #. !. !. #. !. % #. $. " " !. " $ 0. ! !. !. .. !. ! !. " $ (. %. * $ , ". ! !. !. ". !. $ " $1. ". ". !. ! !. &.. " !. $. #. ! #. $&. ! ! ". " ". -. !. %. !. #. #. H 1. " #. ". ". # .. # %. ". $,. #. " !. !. ! #. $7. $ ! $ (. ! !. ! !. # ". !. !. $7. # ". $. . !. %. " % $. ! CB.
(91) /. !. ". $/. !. # ! ". ". ! ". /. #. " $. " !. ! $. !. !. "!. " $ -. " $,. ". !. ". %. ". $ , $ 7. ". ". !. L. !. $ /. " ". $ %. ! !. !. .. %. !. $. !. . !. $ /. ". !. !. % %. " ". ". $, #. %. " !. ! !. !. $. !. $ ! % D$2$A". $ ,. " %. := ! !. !. !. !. $ 1 D$2$A ". ". :=. % ". %. .. $: ! := " !. " $. % ! ". #. $ !. ". := !. " !. !. $ *. !. %. ! $ D$2$A ! !. %. := " ! !. "!. !. $ -. ! !. # !. #. $ !. ! ! C9. " :=.
(92) ". %. " ! ! $. #. *. !. %. # #. ". " ". !. ". $. .. % #. /. $. ! $. #. ". %. " ". $ & !. ". " !. ! .. $. ! $ ! !. !. %. % % " !. #. " #. !. ! %. !. # !. $ "! ! ! $,. ". " %. # !. "!. !. H, !. H ( !. " ! ! !. ! ". % H0 % ! "!. !. " .. " !. ". $%. " $. % !. ! #. " ". % ". H ,. ". !. ! $. (. ". ". !. $(. " $0. ! #. %. !. %". % !. !. .. $. ! %. ". !. !. $. ". %. ". %. !. ! $. 5. .. % M ". N %. % $. " %. !. $ #. % " ". ! %. !. $. CC.
(93) +. .. !. # #. $. #. + >. ! ! $. ! !. *. *. ". ! !. *. #. " $. %. ". ' 6" $ (. !. ". 10 ! !. . !. !. !. ". $. $ 5. !. ". !. ( $: ! ! !. ! ($. !. !. " !. ! /. %. !. $. !. $ ,. ! * $. ]. ! $. !. !. ". !. ". ! %. +. $. 6 ". 0. 0. " %. 10 $ -. G. % %. !. 10. .. 2D$ (. %. !. $ 0. 10. $ ! !. $ $ $ !. $ $. CF. ".
(94) $ /. . :. ". ! .. /. !. :. >. $. $ !. " ". ". ! . !. ". .. $ , %. ! !. $. $ %. !. ". " ". .. $ -. ! #. #. %. ". !. $. , ! # /. !. $. ! $. (". ". !. ! $ -. #. ". %. :=. ". %. $ , !. %. $ (. !. " !. !. %. $. $ " %. %. %. !. $ !. !. G *. $ 7. " % .. % $ !. %. ". " ! $. F.
(95) . , • • •. • • •. •. • • • •. • •. •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` "/ O" G * O" 2 B " 6 ?* + % 19 ) .$ ( " " , "> @ /* 4 "8 2 "4 % % 9 ! # 6 ( .$ 3 4." 0 " 3 % 5 , "0 O/ "/ O1 % "0 % O = ! " : "; *%" , O" 2 B " 6 '45 E 4 # )-!. E " #. @ G A" 0. ". , "0 O7 "0 : O ": O/ % " % O G ! "0 O G !! " / O8 # "3 O= * "0 O0 " 0 O0 ", 0 O< "< O' "8 O- "> O" 2 B " 6 )?F ? /9 ) .$ ( " " 7 ! "= O 2 A " '( !)* $" " &' ( 7 " 0 %O 7 "' O& " O& "= O/ "G O G "8 / a O1 "1 O8 " ; *% O = "8 O = * "0 O3 " O( " & %O ", O ! ", O * " / %O % " ! O" 2 9 " 6 )-!. 1C G + " 7 "8 O 2 B" 3. . $E 4 "G. F.
(96) • • •. • • • • • • •. 7 "' " 2 9 " 6 )!5 1+ .$ . # H B H # HB " 7 " O " O& " b% O / " O= * "0 O : ", O ", O = ! ": O; %+ " 1 O" 2 B " 6 )!5 19 $ " " 7 ! " O 7 % " ,. O 1 ! ", O0 ": O : "/ O' ! "1 ! O ", O " 8 O - "/ O * " O; "1 %O 2 B " 6 )* % * /9 ) .$ ( " " 7 ", O& " O1 % " * O1 ! ", O8 " ; *% O = ", O" 2 B " 6 )* % % 19 ) .$ ( " " &' ( " )-!. 1 % " ! " &' ( ) & & " O7 " 8? W O 2 D " 3 . . $1+ ! # . # "G & % ", O& "= O/ "1 8 OG "8 / a O 8 " ; *% O ( " & %O ", O" 2 B " 6 )-!. 1( # + " & % ", O %" , O "1 O" 2 9 " )* % % / + .$ . # B" &' ( " 2 B " ! 1+ ; 16 #E "&. •. / % " % O 2 9 " )?F ? 1+ .$ . # B" G " 2 9 " 3. " G ! " &' ( & G " 2 9 " 3. . $" G ! " " &' ( ) & 1 " ! O8 " ; *% O = ", O< "< O" 2 B 6 )-!. 19 ) .$ ( " " 0 "< @ < S" " 2 2"C % # % 5 !4 5 " &&& 0 + , 2 2 < "0 @ ": FFF " 4 #I 1 $ 8 # 9 .$ "0 "3 % 5 : % " &@ 8 "> 7" FFB " % $. !4 " 0(7 (0" < ] % ", " 2 9", , ": "& " 2 B"E 4 1* .$ " G " &' ( ) & " 7 !" 2 " )+ G% C " ( )& $2. 7. %. •. , % "= " 6= 7 "% /4 ">. • • • • • • • •. • •. O 2 "G " @ = "0 G. 4 "0 % "-. ) @ 1 'O. 4 ". FCA " .$ &. & 2. 2"4. D. &. " ". $ ". F2.
(97) • • • • • • • •. > 0 " F9C " . + $ : "< 8 &+ ", FC " ' ' 6 G ! "G ! / 1 `! " O/ " "3 &4 $ . $ 6 8 8 7 + "7 % O= ! U " TO 4 $ + 5 "> " 2 A"6 4 $ . "8 " 2 A"% & "3 "= " 2 A"E 3 A" < > - ? "8 @ 3 ! " 74 * 2 " '## 8 %" %. .$. .. 3. ">. ! ". "]. #. % " "7. O" 2. B". "O" 2 ". " ( : ", $" "< ] % ": & 3 ,. :. $. ". ". "<. : • • • • • • • • • • • • •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
(98) • •. <". FF9 " * !!" " " # $ $ "# " @ # "Z 2 9 A B. #. -. !. "2 9 F " 2 9"+ [" !!" " " # #. # #. "Z. 5 !. !. [". $. $. / !+>!(=!22=>)#. !. ". : • • • • • • • • • • •. 7 7. " 0 %" " Z& [2 9 2" 2 9 D 9 " " 7$:$G" 8 " &' ( " 7 Z: [2 9 D A 8 " ; *% " &' ( " 7 "Z [2 9 = " : " &' ( " 7 "Z [2 9 C = ", " ' ,3( G" 7 "Z [2 9 2A < "< " "7 "Z [2 9 A 2 ! ", " "7 "Z [2 9 D 2 "< " ", "Z [2 9 A "& " &' ( " 3 1 " Z: [ 2 9 2 29 "G*" ", "Z [2 9 A "G* @ 7 " 0 %" ", "Z [2. 9 A. - % •. - %. "!/ $. ) / "&. $. E "7. 2. 9 2 A. F.
(99) 2 7. # -. 2G. ". AG. ". ,7. ,. ,:. ,. ,. , !. ,30. .. *. @. <. !. 3 ! !. '. *. $. $ $. ,30 $. (0(. 0. 6 '7. ! !. >&:<. >. >G<. >. >0. >. &. &. &G< (. & & (. (. &. $. *. $. ! 0. ' $ $'$3$. &. &6. &. 6. /( ,0. /. %. G7,. G. G. G. G<. G !. G:'. G. G:. G !. G 0. G. G. G !. 1,. 1. 10. 1 1. !. *. G !. &. 1-. $. 0. *. (00. :. 60. $. ,. /@ /. &'. G 0$. %7 %. ,G. 1. .. !. 7. *. ,. % : ?. !. $ 2G. $. , 0 .. :. 1. 2 >. FD.
(100) &&&. &. & /. &. &. &. %/. 0. 0. :0 ,<. : *. 0. :. :. : B. B. '. :. '. (. (. : B. !. < &0 (. <. ( 76. (. +. +. B %0 !. !. ( &0. (. ( G. (. #. :<. :. :=. : !. :( 0 ,. :. :. :. E. E. '@ >. '. '. '. ' 6. '. ! = !. 7,. 7 !. ,. ! $. 0. *. ',. $ 1 '. (. .. , (. 0. 0 6. 0 ! $. 60 6 '3. 6. $ AG. '. 3. 2 2 >. >. <. <. 0. !. - 0 ,R. -. -3,<. -. -0. -. !. 0 ! 3. ,. <. 0. ,. %. 0. FB.
(101) -:. - %:. - <. -. % <. %. F9.
(102) ( +. 7 7. '. D , =. L. L:. 1. '@ >. /. ,3 , &3. &#. , ,. /. /. 7,. (. 3. ,. L. L:. '. L. L:. 6=. &#. G. 70 7(. '. 0. G. 1. $'$/$. 5. &# (. ,+ " 0. " <. 6=. '. /. #. ?6 !. '@ > '@ >. /. 3. : !. , '@ >. % >. G. ,G. 6=. >. &'. ( ). / 3 !. <. G. 1. '. (. 7. '@ > ,. ,7 ,. 1. G. $ $ 3. %. `. ,. 1. ` "6 L'. 6= % G. , /( 'G. '. L. L:. '. L. L:. G. '@ > '. ! < &'. '@ >. G. L ;1. 1. (" 2. /. ' B". ,. #. 7. & &. G. : !. ,. &/=( < ,G. 2AC. 0. *. ),. .. )>. L. L: '@ >. - %". AB AC". FC.
(103) #. ,. # /. '. , ,. 3 0. =. '@ >. 7 #. ,7. 3 !. :. /. ?. /. 3, '( R ',/ 3 0 "> - % ,. -. G 0. <. : !. ,. ,. <. &E (. ,. '. &#. <. '@ >. <. %. :. %. :. (. :. <. #. ,G. G. 3 %. 7. ',0 ]. 1 c!. ( : !. <. ,. ,. <. 7 !. E/. '. ,. # G. < :. : !. +. ! <,. , 7. G. 0 +. #. <. 0G. 0 : !. '@ >. ,. # , :. ! /. '. 0 6=. #. <. < &/ '. '@ > : !. , <. ,. <. ,. ,. &# '. L. L:. , 0. @. 6=. $3 >. 6=. 3 /. ' ,3( G %. @ 0 !. (. 7. <. : !. ,. , #. FF.
(104) G ,7. '. L. L: 0.
(105) 3 ". 8#. -. : *. H2AF. &. ,. * $ -. ". * !. *. $. %. " !. &. !. $ *. ". ! $. !. %. %$ !. *. !. *. $. *. " %. %" $ ,. !. " *. * !. ". *. $ ! ! !. %. ". ! $( !. !. "!. !. #. !. $. > -. %. " !. " !. % !. " " -. " $7. %. 2. .. .. ! ". ". %. $> $ !. $. <. 6. 2. =. 2 2. !. 2. < .. ! ". 2. 0. $. ". 0. O. * ". &. 2AF. 2. .. 7 % =. !. $>. , &+ ! $ 2 ! $. @ : " " FC " &. " FFF" : * %. 4*. ). ". DB. AD AB &. G. Y7.
(106) >. ,. -. %. *. ". ! *. ". *. $. $2. ". ". A. * !* !. *. *. ". !. ". *. !. ! %. $2. .. $, $2. *. ". *. !. %. $. ". !. D. .. *. %. *. %. $. *. ! *. /. $2. B. $ , ". * ! %$ /. * %. ! .. !. $>. ". !. $. $. 2 9. ". ! *. $2 $2. !* 0. *. ! *. F. 5. * ". !. * $. N. ! !. 2 A. C. %. " $ 7 *. M. ". *. ,! @ 2 2B" DF BB 2 ! $ 2 D ! $ 2 B ! $ 2 9 ! $ 2 C ! $ 2 F > $ @ 2D 8 - ? @ 74 * 3. .. "! $2D. *. 8. G. !. '$ = "2. "2. D" 1. " FCA" "& %. Y. Y. * %. !. %. %. ". *. * D2. %. H". ". C. 2.
(107) !. 2D. #. $ $ -. * *. 5. !*. H 2$ A$ $. #. ! !. # $ !$ < $ < $ 0. ! !. ) !. H H. H H H *. $ $. H. !*. *. H. #. !. #. " *. ". * *. $ *. !. $2D2 *. 5. " %. !. %. !. !. /. ". $2DA. !. ! $2D (. • •. -. • •. , ,. * ". * #. %. $. *. I2DD. H +. 5. H H !. !. H. ]. •. *. I2DB. " ,. 5. %. ! H >. .. %. H. •. #. H ". +. • •. $ #. !. !. !. H ,. ! H ". 2D. 8 > 2DA 2D 8 2DD ! $" 2DB 2D2. ? @ 74 * 3 ! $ @ 7 "0 G ? @ 74 * 3 ! B BD , % "2 "4. "2 '$ =. " D9 " FCA" @ 1 "2 " DF. C "2. 2" : * %. ). 4. &. $. ". CD. A.
(108) !. %. ". " $ $ %. * "!. *. 2D9. > 0. !. 2D9. !. ! * $( $7 ". # !. $. " F9C". ,. ". 2D.
(109)
Related documents
What can be seen in the second and third load case as well as in the first is that if this stress concentration is neglected is that the stress maximum all occur on the middle of
It is widely used in computer vision to relate corresponding points in a stereo image, to compute similarity between two points in object detection, and for video stabilization..
I ovanstående tabell sammanställs de operationella samt finansiella andelarna av leasingkostnaderna, både totalt för Large Cap samt för varje bransch, för åren 2007 och
Chart 3.1 A conclusive overview of signing messages and encrypting data 11 Chart 5.1 A chart briefly summarizing the criterias.... ;% 3.3
Detta kommer jag att förhålla mig till i studien eftersom att jag anser att invandrare ofta med tiden lär sig att forma sin identitet till en som anses vara mer lämplig i det
Both (EM) case studies that helped in developing contributions and validation cases contributed in learning these lessons. The thesis ends with chapter 8 that
When reviewing literature which refers to infrastructure and technology issues regarding Open Access to research data, it is evident that there is an underlying
We propose Extended Modal Transition Systems (EMTS) as a structure for explicit state space representation of open systems with temporal assumptions.. In this chapter, we summarize
