Synchronization of a TDMA-OFDM frequency hopping system

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Division of Signal Processing

Visiting address: UniversitetsomrŒdet, Porsšn, LuleŒ Postal address: SE-971 87, LuleŒ, Sweden Telephone: +46 920 910 00. Fax: +46 920 720 43

URL: http://www.sm.luth.se/csee/sp/

Synchronization of a TDMA-OFDM

Frequency Hopping System

Jan-Jaap van de Beek, Per Ola Bšrjesson,

Marie-Laure Boucheret, Daniel Landstršm,

Julia Martinez Arenas, Per …dling, Sarah Kate Wilson,

Christer …stberg and Mattias Wahlqvist

In

Proceedings of Vehicular Technology

Conference (VTC Ô98), Vol 2, pp.

1290-1294, Ottawa, Canada, May 1998.

© 1998 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE.

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3 OFDM symbols (288.46 µs each)

22 subcarriers (4.17 kHz each) Transmission block QPSK pilot symbol QPSK data symbol user A user A user A user A user A 2 subcarrier guardband (4.17 kHz each)

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(5)

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Vlqfh doo xvhuv pxvw duulyh dw wkh edvh vwdwlrq zlwk d fhu0 wdlq v|qfkurq| lq rughu wr pdlqwdlq ruwkrjrqdolw| ehwzhhq wkh vxefduulhuv/ doo xvhuv dgdsw wr wkh edvh vwdwlrq uhfhlyhu forfn dqg rvfloodwru1 Iru wklv uhdvrq wkh edvh vwdwlrq hqwhu0 wdlqv d frqwuro fkdqqho rq wkh grzqolqn iru hyhu| frqqhfwhg xvhu1 Frqwuro lqirupdwlrq/ edvhg rq wkh rvhw hvwlpdwhv/ lv wudqvplwwhg edfn wr wkh xvhu1 Wklv lv vlplodu wr wkh JVP vwdqgdug ^9`1 Dsduw iurp wlph dqg iuhtxhqf| rvhwv/ rwkhu frqwuro sdudphwhuv duh wudqvplwwhg rq wkh frqwuro fkdqqho1 Wkhvh sdudphwhuv lqfoxgh zklfk wudqvplvvlrq eorfnv wr xvh iru wkh xsolqn wudqvplvvlrq/ zklfk iuhtxhqf| krsslqj sdw0 whuq wr xvh/ dqg dovr zklfk wudqvplvvlrq srzhu wr dsso|1 Vxffhvvixo wudfnlqj v|qfkurql}dwlrq ri wkh xvhu wkxv uholhv rq wkh frqwuro fkdqqho1

LY V|vwhp shuirupdqfh

Lq wklv vhfwlrq zh hydoxdwh wkh shuirupdqfh ri wkh wlph dqg iuhtxhqf| rvhw hvwlpdwru dv zhoo dv wkh xsolqn shu0 irupdqfh ri wkh XPWV sursrvdo1 Lq vlpxodwlrqv zh xvh wkh HWVL Yhklfxodu D fkdqqho prgho ^4` dqg wkh zhljkw lq wkh dyhudjlqj ri wkh olnholkrrg ixqfwlrq lv 3=:81

Zh looxvwudwh wkh wudfnlqj delolw| ri wkh wlph dqg iuh0 txhqf| rvhw hvwlpdwru lq Iljxuhv 6 dqg 71 Wr pdnh wkh hvwlpdwru*v wudfnlqj delolw| pruh fohdu/ zh prgho wkh wlph rvhw zlwk d vlqxvrlg zlwk 63 vdpsohv dpsolwxgh dqg rqh shulrg hyhu| <9 RIGP v|perov iru rqh vshflf xvhu1 Wkh iuhtxhqf| rvhw dovr iroorzv d vlqxvrlg zlwk wkh vdph sh0 ulrg dv wkh wlph rvhw dqg dq dpsolwxgh ri 8( ri wkh lq0 whufduulhu vsdflqj1 Qrwh wkdw vxfk d prgho iru wkh guliw lq wlph dqg iuhtxhqf| rvhwv lv xquhdolvwlf lq rxu XPWV vfhqdulr/ ehfdxvh ri wkh odujh dqg udslg yduldwlrqv1 Wkh prgho krzhyhu/ vhuyhv wkh sxusrvh ri vkrzlqj wkh wudfnlqj delolw|1

Qrz zh hydoxdwh wkh xsolqn shuirupdqfh ri wkh XPWV sursrvdo hpsor|lqj wkh fkdqqho hvwlpdwru dqg wkh sur0 srvhg wlph dqg iuhtxhqf| rvhw hvwlpdwru1 Lq wkh vlpx0 odwlrqv +Wdeoh 5 dqg Iljxuh 8, zh dvvxph d olqhdu v|pero forfn guliw ri 43 ssp dqg d frqvwdqw fduulhu iuhtxhqf| r0 vhw1 Wdeoh 5 vkrzv wkh sursrvhg hvwlpdwru*v vwdqgdug gh0 yldwlrqv dqg wkh shufhqwdjh ri hvwlpdwhv ehlqj rxwvlgh wkh vshflhg lqwhuydov1 Iru wkh wlph0rvhw hvwlpdwh wkhvh shu0 fhqwdjhv wrjhwkhu zlwk wkh ohqjwk ri wkh fkdqqho glvshuvlrq vkrz krz riwhq LVL zloo rffxu dqg zkhq wkh uhtxluhphqwv/ dv vwdwhg lq vhfwlrq LLL/ fdqqrw eh ixooohg1

Iljxuh 8 vkrzv wkh shuirupdqfh ri wkh sursrvhg WGPD0 RIGP v|vwhp lq whupv ri xqfrghg v|pero huuru udwh +VHU,1 Wkuhh fdvhv duh vlpxodwhg1 Iluvw/ d v|vwhp zlwk

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 OFDM Symbols

Time offset [sample]

Iljxuh 6 Wlplqj rvhwv yhuvxv wlph1 Wkh wuxh wlplqj rvhw +vrolg, dqg wkh hvwlpdwhg wlph rvhw +gdvkhg,1 50 100 150 200 250 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 OFDM symbols

Frequency offset [normalized frequency]

Iljxuh 7 Iuhtxhqf| rvhwv yhuvxv wlph1 Wkh wuxh iuh0 txhqf| rvhw +vrolg, dqg wkh hvwlpdwhg iuhtxhqf| rvhw +gdvkhg,1

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Y Vxppdu| dqg frqfoxvlrqv

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(6)

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 SNR [dB]

Symbol Error Rate

1 0 -1

1 0 -2 1 0 0

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wlrq edvhg rq wkhvh hvwlpdwhv lv wudqvplwwhg rq d grzqolqn frqwuro fkdqqho wr wkh xvhu/ zkr dgmxvwv lwv v|pero forfn dqg lwv orfdo rvfloodwru dffruglqjo|1 Wkh hvwlpdwlrq lv grqh e| h{sorlwlqj wkh vwdwlvwlfdo uhgxqgdqf| lqwurgxfhg e| wkh f|folf suh{1

Zh jlyh sdudphwhu fkrlfhv/ vlpxodwlrq uhvxowv/ dqg lp0 sohphqwdwlrq vxjjhvwlrqv iru d sduwlfxodu sursrvdo iru dq XPWV udglr lqwhuidfh dqg vkrz wkdw wkh v|qfkurql}dwlrq uhtxluhphqwv duh vdwlvhg1 Vlpxodwlrqv vkrz wkdw wkh shu0 irupdqfh ri d frkhuhqwo| prgxodwhg v|vwhp hpsor|lqj rxu v|qfkurql}dwlrq vfkhph lv yluwxdoo| lqglvwlqjxlvkdeoh gh0 fuhdvhg frpsduhg wr wkh shuirupdqfh ri d v|vwhp zlwk shuihfw wlph dqg iuhtxhqf| rvhw hvwlpdwlrq1

Uhihuhqfhv

^4` HWVL0VPJ/ Vhohfwlrq surfhgxuhv iru wkh fkrlfh ri ud0 glr wudqvplvvlrq whfkqrorjlhv ri wkh XPWV/ Whfk1 Uhs1 HWU2VPJ 63136/ y161313/ HWVL/ Ydoerqqh/ Iudqfh/ 4<<:1 ^5` P1 Zdkotylvw hw do1/ Ghvfulswlrq ri Wholdv RIGP

edvhg sursrvdo +zrunlqj grfxphqw lq wkh RIGP frqfhsw jurxs,/ Whfk1 Uhs1 Wgrf 4;32<:/ HWVL VWF VPJ5 phhwlqj qr 55/ Edg Dleolqj/ Jhupdq|/ Pd| 4<<:1 ^6` M1 D1 F1 Elqjkdp/ Pxowlfduulhu prgxodwlrq iru gdwd

wudqvplvvlrq= Dq lghd zkrvh wlph kdv frph/ LHHH Frp0 pxq1 Pdj1/ yro1 5;/ ss1 847/ Pd| 4<<31

^7` M10M1 ydq gh Ehhn/ P1 Vdqghoo/ dqg S10R1 Eùumhvvrq/ PO hvwlpdwlrq ri wlplqj dqg iuhtxhqf| rvhw lq RIGP v|v0 whpv/ LHHH Wudqv1 Vljqdo Surf1/ yro1 78/ ss1 4;334;38/ Mxo| 4<<:1

^8` P1 Vdqghoo/ M10M1 ydq gh Ehhn/ dqg S1 R1 Eùumhvvrq/ Wlp0 lqj dqg iuhtxhqf| v|qfkurql}dwlrq lq RIGP v|vwhpv xvlqj

VQU @ 43 gE v H e5 9=74 vdpsohv e A 53 vdpsohv 3=<; ( e A 63 vdpsohv 3=3; ( e A 73 vdpsohv 3=34 ( u Hqm% e%m5r _{4=4: (} m% e%m A 4 ( 68=55 ( m% e%m A 5 ( ;=65 ( m% e%m A 6 ( 4=<9 (

Wdeoh 51 Shuirupdqfh ri wkh wlph dqg iuhtxhqf| rvhw hv0 wlpdwhv

wkh f|folf suh{/ lq Lqwhuq1 V|ps1 V|qfk1/ +Hvvhq/ Jhu0 pdq|,/ ss1 494</ Ghf1 4<<81

^9` P1 Prxo| dqg P10E1 Sdxwhw/ Wkh JVP V|vwhp iru Preloh Frppxqlfdwlrqv1 Sxeolvkhg e| wkh dxwkruv/ 4<<51 ^:` P1 Prhqhfodh|/ Wkh hhfw ri v|qfkurql}dwlrq huuruv rq

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^<` O1 Zhl dqg F1 Vfkohjho/ V|qfkurql}dwlrq uhtxluhphqwv iru pxowl0xvhu RIGP rq vdwhoolwh preloh dqg wzr0sdwk Ud|ohljk0idglqj fkdqqhov/ LHHH Wudqv1 Frppxq1/ yro1 76/ ss1 ;;:;<8/ Ihe2Pdu2Dsu 4<<81

^43` W1 Sroohw/ S1 Vsux|w/ dqg P1 Prhqhfodh|/ Wkh EHU shu0 irupdqfh ri RIGP v|vwhpv xvlqj qrq0v|qfkurql}hg vdp0 solqj/ lq Surf1 Jorehfrp/ yro1 4/ +Vdq Iudqflvfr/ FD,/ ss1 58658:/ Qry1 4<<71

^44` W1 Sroohw dqg P1 Prhqhfodh|/ V|qfkurql}delolw| ri RIGP vljqdov/ lq Surf1 Jorehfrp/ yro1 6/ +Vlqjdsruh,/ ss1 5387 538;/ Qry1 4<<81

^45` M10M1 ydq gh Ehhn hw do1/ Wudfnlqj ri wlph dqg iuhtxhqf| rvhw lq dq RIGP0edvhg v|vwhp iru XPWV/ LHHH Wudqv0 dfwlrqv ri Yhklfxodu Whfkqrorj|/ 4<<;1 Vxeplwwhg wr1 ^46` R1 Hgiruv/ P1 Vdqghoo/ M10M1 ydq gh Ehhn/ V1 N1 Zlovrq/

dqg S10R1 Eùumhvvrq/ RIGP fkdqqho hvwlpdwlrq e| vlq0 jxodu ydoxh ghfrpsrvlwlrq/ LHHH Wudqv1 Frppxq1/ 4<<:1 Dffhswhg iru sxeolfdwlrq1