Basic statistics for accidents and traffic and other background variables in Sweden : Version 2005-06-30

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VTI notat 27A-2005 Published 2005

www.vti.se/publications

Basic statistics for accidents and traffic and

other background variables in Sweden

Version 2005-06-30

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Foreword

By commission of the Swedish Road Traffic Inspectorate, VTI has produced these ”basic statistics” which can be used by planners, researchers, the media etc in assessing and examining trends and the present state of traffic safety in Sweden.

The undersigned has been responsible for the project, the compilation of the data, and for the contents of the report. Jan Ifver has been the contact person at the Swedish Road Traffic Inspectorate.

Linköping, June 2005

Ulf Brüde

300,000 people died in the tsunami, Christmas 2004

1,200,000 people die every year in the world in traffic accidents 3,000 people died on 11 September 2002 in the US

40,000 people die every year in the US in traffic accidents

40,000 people die every year in the EU15 countries in traffic accidents 600 people die every day in China in traffic accidents

500 Swedish people died in the tsunami

500 Swedish people died in the Estonia disaster

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1 Broad trends in traffic fatalities

The Swedish population and mortality/fatalities

The population of Sweden at present is about 9,000,000 (SCB) with about the same number of men and women. One half of the population is aged 25–64 while the other half is divided fairly uniformly between the ages 0–14, 15–24 and 65 or older.

Population (thousands) 0–14 15–24 25–64 65– Totals Men 814 561 2 424 669 4 468 Women 772 536 2 357 882 4 547 Totals 1 586 1 097 4 781 1 551 9 015

More than 90,000, or about 1%, one half men and one half women, die in some way in a year (SCB, 2001), 80-90% of whom are 65 or older. The most common causes of death are cardiac/vascular diseases and tumours, 45 and 25% respectively (Causes of death

2001, Swedish Board of Health and Welfare).

No of deaths in 2001 0–14 15–24 25–64 65– Totals Men 283 319 7 671 37 158 45 431 Women 239 105 4 650 43 327 48 321 Totals 522 424 12 321 80 485 93 752

In 2001, 4,659 deaths occurred due to external causes (Accidents in numbers, A report on accident trends in Sweden, 2004 edition, Swedish Rescue Service 2004). The breakdown of these deaths is as follows:

2,861 accidents 1,196 suicides 86 trauma

356 unspecified intent

160 medical complications etc. Total 4,659

More men than women are killed in accidents in the age groups 15–24 and 25–64. Among the younger and among the older, about the same number of men and women are killed in accidents. Number killed in accidents in 2001 0–14 15–24 25–64 65– Totals Men 25 145 721 827 1 718 Women 20 37 184 902 1 143 Totals 45 182 905 1 729 2 861

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The breakdown of accidental fatalities in 2001 is as follows: 559 road traffic

46 other transport accident

543 falls (known sequence of events) 306 poisoning 154 drowning 101 fire 41 extreme cold 101 asphyxiation 22 falls of objects 10 other objects 3 firearms 13 machine accidents 2 hot objects 5 electricity

4 animals, insects and poisonous plants 8 foreign objects

943 other accidents (the majority, ca 75%, are falls according to estimates) Total 2,861

Most of the fatalities occur due to falls (classified in two groups above). Road traffic accidents dominate among transport accidents. In this case also, more men than women are killed in the age groups 15–24 and 25–64. Young people aged 15–24 are overrepresented (in relation to the population and all fatalities) among the fatalities in road traffic accidents. Number killed in road traffic accidents in 2001 0–14 15–24 25–64 65– Totals Men 9 96 215 84 404 Women 12 22 69 52 155 Totals 21 118 284 136 559

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Definitions

An event on a road, in which at least one vehicle in motion has been involved and which has caused personal injury or damage to property, is classified as a road traffic accident (see e.g. Traffic injuries 2003, SCB).

Traffic fatalities. Prior to 1994, persons who, according to police data, died of an illness

or by suicide, were not included in the official statistics on traffic fatalities. Over the period 1994-2002, however, such cases were included in the official statistics. Every year, there are about 20-40 cases of illness (mostly among older drivers) and about 5 suicides. From 2003 onwards, suicides, but not illness, are included in the official statistics. The criterion is whether or not death occurred due to collision trauma (according to autopsy report or similar).

In recent years, both VTI, the Swedish Road Traffic Inspectorate and the Swedish Road Administration have in several contexts used statistics relating to fatalities, excluding illness, for all years. This has been done to obtain, as far as possible, comparable numbers.

In this report, fatalities exclusive of illness are given throughout.

Accident data system. Up to the end of 2002, the Swedish Road Administration had an

accident data system called OLY/VITS (Road Administration accident register/Road Administration information system for traffic safety). Up to the end of 1993, all accidents on the state maintained road network were included in the system, both those involving damage to property and injury to persons. From 1994 onwards, accidents on other roads were also included in the system. For the state maintained road network is was possible to link accident data to the road and traffic data in the Road Data Bank VDB.

In 2000 registration of accidents causing damage to property ceased. In 2003, the Swedish Road Administration changed to a new accident and injury system STRADA (Swedish Traffic Accident Data Acquisition). At present it is not possible to link this to the road and traffic data. Nor can a selection be made at present according to the road management authority (State or municipality).

At the Transport and Market Analysis section of the Swedish Road Administration, a manual register is kept of fatal traffic accidents which is used today to link accidents to road management authority etc. This register is also used to monitor the fatalities during the year.

Accident types. Previously, the Swedish Road Administration used an accident type

classification which is primarily based on the cause of accident and also considers the severity of accidents using subtypes. A distinction was made, for instance, between overtaking accidents that resulted, or did not, in collision with an oncoming vehicle.

The new accident type classification in STRADA is based on the actual cause of injury or damage. For instance, accidents where a vehicle gave way to (did not collide with) an oncoming vehicle, pedestrian, cyclist or game, and then drove off the road, are classified as single-vehicle accidents. If comparisons are to be made with previous statistics, it is essential for the earlier classification to be retained.

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Fatalities, vehicle km and death rate, 1950-2004

Number of traffic fatalities and millions of vehicle km in Sweden (annual percentage changes)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 No of fatalitie s 1 950 1 960 1 970 1 980 1 990 2 000 Year 0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000 Mill ions of vehi c le km

Traffic fatalities Millions of vehicle km

15,5% annually 6,6% 3,9% 2,4% 0,4% 2,1% 6,3% annually 2,8% -3,0% -0,1% -6,3% -0,2%

The number of vehicle km has continuously increased. The increase was greatest during the 1950s and 1960s. In 1970 and since, the average annual increase has been ca 2%. In 1950, 595 people were killed in traffic. The highest number of deaths, 1,313, occurred in 1965 and 1966. The next year (1967) the change to right-hand traffic was made. Ever since 1970 the average annual decrease in fatalities has been 3%. During the 1980s, however, there was no decrease. Over the period 1999–2004, fatalities have been higher than, or about the same as, in 1996–1998.

Number of fatalities and number of fatalities per 1000 million vehicle km (annual percentage changes)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 No of fatalitie s 19 50 19 60 19 70 19 80 19 90 20 00 Year 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Death r a te

Traffic fatalities Death rate

- 3,5% - 6,5% - 2,5% - 6,7% - 2,3% - 8,0% annually

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1970 onwards, the annual decrease in death rate (fatalities per million vehicle km) has been about 5%.

Note: The above annual percentage changes in the two figures relate to average numbers

in the 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, 1990–1998 and 1999–2004. See also Appendix No 1.

As a complement to the above, the number of traffic fatalities over 1935–1950 is also given:

Year Traffic fatalities

1935 331 1936 420 1937 443 1938 547 1939 568 1940 283 1941 283 1942 301 1943 268 1944 257 1945 299 1946 461 1947 527 1948 531 1949 517 1950 595

Note: In 1911 there were about 1,000 vehicles in traffic, in 1935 about 160,000, in 1940

about 80,000, in 1950 about 350,000 and today about 4,500,000.

Traffic safety resolutions etc, 1960–2005

A lot has happened since 1950 which has influenced trends. New laws have been enacted, rules have been changed, campaigns have been run, different authorities have had the overall responsibility for traffic safety, and so on. In 1996 the Vision Zero was presented, and in 1997 the Parliament resolved to adopt the Vision Zero. In 1998, the Parliament laid down that the number killed in 1996 was to be halved by 2007 (not more than 270 killed). An outline of what has been done is given in Appendix No 2.

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Comparison with number of fatalities at work, 1955-2003 Number killed in road traffic and at work

(annual percentage changes)

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Year 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 Kill ed in wo rk ac ciden ts

Killed in road traffic Killed in work accidents -3,3% annually -1,7% -6,6% -2,2% -5,5% -0,9% 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 Killed in road traff ic _{6,3% annually} 2,8% -3,0% -0,1% -6,3% 1,6%

Comparisons are often made, and parallels drawn, between those killed in road traffic and those killed at work. Fatalities in work accidents (Swedish Work Environment Authority

2004) include fatalities to employees (Appendix No 3). Vehicle accidents are included in

the statistics, but accidents during travel to and from work are not.

The number killed at work has decreased, on average, during the whole period 1955–2003. Road traffic fatalities had a worse trend than accidents at work during the 1950s and 1960s. In the 1970s and 1980s road traffic began to catch up, and in 1990–1998 the annual percentage decrease in fatalities was in actual fact slightly greater for road traffic than for work. In recent years, working life has again had a somewhat more favourable trend. Note: The preliminary number of fatalities at work in 2004 was 46.

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International comparisons, 1970–2003

VTI/UB/2005-03 rev.

Change Change Change Change

1970 - 1990 - 1970 - Mv 9903 -1970 1980 1990 1990 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Mv 96-98 Mv 96-98 Mv 96-98 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Mv 99-03 Mv 96-98 Australia 3798 3274 2337 -38% 1938 2013 1970 1768 1755 1831 -22% -52% 1763 1824 1737 1723 1633 1736 -5% Austria 2574 2003 1558 -39% 1338 1210 1027 1105 963 1032 -34% -60% 1079 976 958 956 931 980 -5% Denmark 1208 690 634 -48% 546 582 514 489 499 501 -21% -59% 514 498 431 463 432 468 -7% Finland 1055 551 649 -38% 480 441 404 438 400 414 -36% -61% 431 396 433 415 379 411 -1% France 16445 13672 11215 -32% 9019 8891 8541 8444 8918 8634 -23% -47% 8487 8079 8160 7655 6058 7688 -11% Germany 21653 15050 11046 -49% 9814 9454 8758 8549 7792 8366 -24% -61% 7772 7503 6977 6842 6613 7141 -15% Hungary 1627 1630 2432 49% 1562 1589 1370 1391 1371 1377 -43% -15% 1306 1200 1239 1429 1326 1300 -6% Ireland 540 564 478 -11% 404 437 453 472 458 461 -4% -15% 413 415 411 376 339 391 -15% Japan 21795 11388 14595 -33% 12768 12670 11674 11254 10805 11244 -23% -48% 10372 10403 10060 9575 8877 9857 -12% Netherlands 3181 1996 1376 -57% 1298 1334 1180 1163 1066 1136 -17% -64% 1090 1082 993 987 1028 1036 -9% New Zealand 655 597 729 11% 580 581 514 540 502 519 -29% -21% 509 462 455 404 461 458 -12% Norway 560 362 332 -41% 283 305 255 303 352 303 -9% -46% 304 341 275 310 280 302 0% Poland 3446 6002 7333 113% 6744 6900 6359 7310 7080 6916 -6% 101% 6730 6294 5534 5827 5640 6005 -13% Portugal 1615 2579 2646 64% 2196 2377 2394 2210 2126 2243 -15% 39% 1995 1860 1671 1675 1546 1749 -22% Spain 5456 6522 9032 66% 5615 5751 5483 5604 5957 5681 -37% 4% 5738 5776 5517 5347 5399 5555 -2% Sweden 1307 848 772 -41% 545 531 508 507 492 502 -35% -62% 536 564 551 532 529 542 8% Switzerland 1643 1209 925 -44% 679 692 616 587 597 600 -35% -63% 583 592 544 513 546 556 -7% United Kingdom 7771 6239 5402 -30% 3807 3765 3740 3743 3581 3688 -32% -53% 3564 3580 3598 3581 3658 3596 -2% United States 52627 51091 44529 -15% 40716 41817 42065 42013 41501 41860 -6% -20% 41717 41945 42196 43005 42643 42301 1% Total 148956 126267 118020 -21% 100332 101340 97825 97890 96215 97310 -18% -35% 94903 93790 91740 91615 88318 92073 -5% Excl USA 96329 75176 73491 -24% 59616 59523 55760 55877 54714 55450 -25% -42% 53186 51845 49544 48610 45675 49772 -10% 3598 för UK = Gr. Britain + N. Ireland Source: IRTAD, Sw Road Administration Sweden, fatalities exclusive of illness for all years

Because of differences in definitions and quality, it may be difficult to make international comparisons. Depending on the years that are compared etc, the comparisons may be more or less positive or negative for different countries.

According to the table above, Sweden is among the countries which have had the very best trend for fatalities ever since 1970 and up to the years 1996, 1997 and 1998. After this, Sweden has instead had a comparatively very bad trend. During the most recent years, France in particular has exhibited a very good trend.

Nordic comparisons, 1985–2003

År Sweden Finland Norway Denmark

1985 808 541 402 772

1986 844 612 452 723

1987 787 581 398 698

1988 813 Mv 88-90 Index 653 Mv 88-90 Index 378 Mv 88-90 Index 713 Mv 88-90 Index

1989 904 829,7 100 734 678,7 100 381 363,7 100 670 672,3 100 1990 772 649 332 634 1991 745 90 632 93 323 89 606 90 1992 759 91 601 89 325 89 577 86 1993 632 76 484 71 281 77 559 83 1994 545 66 480 71 283 78 546 81 1995 531 64 441 65 305 84 582 87 1996 508 61 404 60 255 70 514 76 1997 507 61 438 65 303 83 489 73 1998 492 59 400 59 352 97 499 74 1999 536 65 431 64 304 84 514 76 2000 564 68 396 58 341 94 498 74 2001 551 66 433 64 275 76 431 64 2002 532 64 415 61 310 85 463 69 2003 529 64 379 56 280 77 432 64

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Traffic fatalities 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Sweden Finland Denmark Norway

Index for traffic fatalities

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1988-90 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Sweden Finland Denmark Norway

Trends in Sweden and Finland have a similar pattern. Denmark and Norway also have a similar trend pattern.

Up to 1998, Sweden and Finland have the best trends among the Nordic countries. After this, Finland has a slightly better trend. Denmark exhibits a gradual decrease in fatalities over the whole of the period. Norway has been at a relatively constant level ever since the beginning of the 1990s.

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2 Minibase statistics for the trend during 1996–2004

Minibase statistics produced by VTI by commission of Swedish Road Inspectorate (6 pages)

Version: 2005-06-30

FATALITIES (excl. illness) Mean

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 1996-98 (Road Administration/SIKA/SCB) TOTALS 508 507 492 536 564 551 532 529 480 502 DRIVERS 218 241 236 238 276 251 266 268 210 232 PASSENGERS 109 98 73 115 115 121 116 110 92 93 MOTORCYCLISTS 41 36 40 36 39 38 37 47 56 39 MOPED RIDERS 14 12 12 12 10 8 12 9 18 13 CYCLISTS 48 41 55 41 47 42 37 35 27 48 PEDESTRIANS 75 72 69 86 73 87 58 55 67 72 OTHERS 4 7 7 8 5 7 6 5 10 MEN 346 370 374 382 416 407 396 391 364 363 WOMEN 160 136 118 154 149 147 136 138 116 138 male drivers 170 205 201 201 224 210 226 214 178 192 male passengers 50 46 33 52 68 56 64 61 47 43 male motorcyclists 38 33 35 34 37 35 35 43 50 35

male moped drivers 12 12 11 10 9 7 11 8 17 12

male cyclists 34 25 41 30 37 34 23 29 22 33 male pedestrians 39 43 46 47 37 58 32 32 41 43 male others 3 6 7 8 4 7 5 4 9 female drivers 47 36 35 37 52 41 40 54 32 39 female passengers 57 51 40 63 47 65 52 49 45 49 female motorcyclists 3 3 5 2 2 3 2 4 6

female moped drivers 2 0 1 2 1 1 1 1 1

female cyclists 14 16 14 11 10 8 14 6 5 15 female pedestrians 36 29 23 39 36 29 26 23 26 29 female others 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 6 5 4 1 1 VEHICLE-SINGLE 131 140 127 147 163 152 143 133 VEH.-HEAD-ON/OVERT. 128 145 134 147 176 165 165 136 VEH.-VULNERABLE 117 116 118 113 111 114 92 117 OTHERS 133 106 113 129 115 123 132 117 0-17 51 38 41 53 35 40 38 44 33 43 18-24 67 67 76 73 102 100 100 93 78 70 25-44 115 152 129 136 163 156 153 147 135 132 45-64 109 102 121 124 128 127 120 127 95 111 65-74 70 59 54 53 44 50 35 44 48 61 75- 97 89 71 97 93 81 86 74 91 86 drivers 0-17 2 0 0 2 4 5 3 4 2 drivers 18-24 34 31 46 41 52 46 55 56 42 37 male 29 25 40 32 42 39 49 44 35 31 female 5 6 6 9 10 7 6 12 7 drivers 25-64 121 150 142 141 171 156 163 153 116 138 drivers 65- 61 60 48 54 49 44 45 55 50 56 passengers 0-17 29 14 9 34 16 21 18 24 13 passengers 18-24 14 18 17 17 32 31 26 17 17 16 passengers 25-64 33 41 26 36 42 45 46 43 31 33 passengers 65- 33 25 21 28 25 24 26 26 31 26 others 0-17 20 24 32 17 15 14 17 16 18 25 others 18-24 19 18 13 15 18 23 19 20 19 17 others 25-64 70 63 82 83 78 82 64 78 83 72 others 65- 73 63 56 68 63 63 50 37 58 64 STATE 400 389 369 382 422 409 402 386 MUNICIPAL, PRIVATE 109 118 123 154 143 145 130 117 NORTH 34 41 40 33 37 42 50 46 42 38 CENTRE 99 77 62 78 79 72 54 91 60 79 STOCKHOLM 40 44 53 47 69 68 68 64 59 46 WEST 123 133 126 134 132 130 144 120 118 127 MÄLARDALEN 89 60 75 80 70 89 80 64 57 75 SOUTH-EAST 74 83 79 89 95 96 83 65 73 79 SKÅNE 50 69 57 75 83 57 53 79 71 59 JANUARY 26 41 46 38 39 26 39 31 25 38 FEBRUARY 32 45 34 38 38 36 41 29 29 37 MARCH 33 31 24 36 39 43 42 36 26 29 APRIL 41 30 37 31 44 41 36 41 36 36 MAY 45 43 46 41 54 51 50 43 37 45 JUNE 44 38 33 48 40 43 66 55 64 38 JULY 59 53 59 58 41 65 59 55 45 57 AUGUST 52 52 58 51 68 47 60 54 57 54 SEPTEMBER 49 37 37 50 42 67 32 42 39 41 OCTOBER 42 42 44 46 53 52 36 39 47 43 NOVEMBER 37 48 34 56 56 44 39 42 29 40 DECEMBER 48 47 40 43 50 36 32 62 46 45 1 6 17

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SEVERELY INJURED ACCORDING TO THE POLICE (Road Administration/SIKA/SCB) Mean 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 1996-98 TOTALS 3837 3917 3883 4043 4103 4058 4592 4664 4022 3879 DRIVERS 1504 1549 1656 1762 1802 1827 2047 2024 1826 1570 PASSENGERS 825 838 889 888 910 897 1047 1095 881 851 MOTORCYCLISTS 243 274 215 274 299 298 394 400 318 244 MOPED RIDERS 161 183 153 182 194 213 238 251 259 166 CYCLISTS 643 675 538 532 468 431 441 420 350 619 PEDESTRIANS 433 364 403 368 402 347 381 417 359 400 OTHERS 28 34 29 37 28 45 44 57 29 30 MEN 2294 2360 2277 2448 2486 2498 2802 2891 2474 2310 WOMEN 1527 1507 1569 1543 1576 1514 1711 1762 1537 1534 not known 16 50 37 52 41 46 79 11 11 male drivers 1017 1056 1098 1199 1222 1241 1394 1 390 1 216 1057 male passengers 353 370 351 364 383 378 435 498 406 358 male motorcyclists 216 232 183 238 262 257 342 343 276 210

male cyclists 340 354 276 293 245 246 240 230 183 323 male pedestrians 215 180 210 181 201 176 170 189 178 202 male others 24 23 26 22 21 30 38 44 23 24 female drivers 484 484 549 545 559 570 629 629 604 506 female passengers 460 439 515 501 512 493 565 596 475 471 female motorcyclists 27 37 31 31 35 41 50 55 42 32

female moped drivers 32 38 20 31 42 43 54 54 67 30

female cyclists 302 316 258 235 222 184 198 189 165 292 female pedestrians 218 182 193 186 201 169 209 226 178 198 female others 4 11 3 14 5 14 6 13 6 0-17 558 575 540 516 574 551 650 688 608 558 18-24 713 733 643 725 722 802 852 899 787 696 25-44 1244 1290 1237 1373 1353 1276 1602 1580 1 287 1257 45-64 773 803 906 838 923 862 999 1013 893 827 65-74 270 244 290 313 252 273 211 229 222 268 75- 264 252 254 258 262 276 245 243 215 257 not known 15 20 13 20 17 18 33 12 10 16 STATE 2199 2295 2308 2510 2407 2355 2746 2267 MUNICIPAL, PRIVATE 1638 1622 1575 1533 1696 1701 1846 1612

SLIGHTLY INJURED ACCORDING TO THE POLICE (Road Administration/SIKA/SCB) Mean

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 1996-98 TOTALS 16973 17363 17473 17921 17929 18272 20155 22439 22560 17270 DRIVERS 8344 8719 9023 9204 9395 9509 10340 11554 11621 8695 PASSENGERS 4098 3987 4400 4413 4257 4441 5116 5636 5757 4162 MOTORCYCLISTS 554 578 509 546 559 622 846 814 744 547 MOPED RIDERS 548 573 479 582 711 853 882 1182 1303 533 CYCLISTS 2293 2467 2068 2046 1919 1734 1796 1857 1812 2276 PEDESTRIANS 1028 948 931 1027 1013 1029 1071 1201 1223 969 OTHERS 108 91 63 103 75 84 104 195 100 87 MEN 9945 10075 10046 10419 10425 10793 11770 13064 13021 10022 WOMEN 6900 7010 7171 7243 7301 7264 8066 9332 9454 7027 not known 128 278 256 259 203 215 319 43 85 male drivers 5443 5678 5861 6046 6046 6268 6770 7469 7450 5661 male passengers 1703 1567 1737 1747 1738 1866 2077 2408 2391 1669 male motorcyclists 482 489 436 448 479 520 692 695 639 469

male cyclists 1273 1318 1108 1098 1070 918 938 951 961 1233 male pedestrians 516 484 468 547 477 514 539 570 589 489 male others 80 72 47 54 58 59 66 125 85 66 female drivers 2885 2969 3095 3090 3280 3175 3495 4 069 4137 2983 female passengers 2302 2264 2513 2514 2407 2457 2844 3 226 3365 2360 female motorcyclists 69 81 60 89 73 97 146 117 101 70

female cyclists 1016 1121 944 935 843 806 839 899 828 1027 female pedestrians 507 454 453 472 530 506 520 622 614 471 female others 23 18 16 49 16 24 37 69 15 19 0-17 2308 2257 2184 2263 2424 2638 2970 3310 3380 2250 18-24 3187 3206 3195 3295 3361 3412 3987 4393 4510 3196 25-44 5942 6099 6453 6439 6369 6488 7056 7993 7816 6165 45-64 3656 3822 3880 4026 3976 3978 4238 4887 4849 3786 65-74 1010 1026 947 1027 883 864 947 997 1090 994 75- 750 793 738 769 811 785 775 809 830 760 not known 120 160 76 102 105 107 182 50 85 119 6

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KILLED AND INJURED ACCORDING TO THE POLICE (Road Administration/SIKA/SCB) Mean 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 1996-98 TOTALS 21318 21787 21848 22500 22596 22881 25279 27632 27062 21651 DRIVERS 10066 10509 10915 11204 11473 11587 12653 13846 13657 10497 PASSENGERS 5032 4923 5362 5416 5282 5459 6279 6841 6730 5106 MOTORCYCLISTS 838 888 764 856 897 958 1277 1261 1118 830 MOPED RIDERS 723 768 644 776 915 1074 1132 1442 1580 712 CYCLISTS 2984 3183 2661 2619 2434 2207 2274 2312 2189 2943 PEDESTRIANS 1536 1384 1403 1481 1488 1463 1510 1673 1649 1441 OTHERS 140 132 99 148 108 136 154 257 139 124 MEN 12585 12805 12697 13249 13327 13698 14968 16346 15859 12696 WOMEN 8587 8653 8858 8940 9026 8925 9913 11232 11107 8699 not known 144 328 293 311 244 261 398 54 96 male drivers 6630 6939 7160 7446 7492 7719 8390 9073 8844 6910 male passengers 2106 1983 2121 2163 2189 2300 2576 2967 2844 2070 male motorcyclists 736 754 654 720 778 812 1069 1081 965 715

male cyclists 1647 1697 1425 1421 1352 1198 1201 1210 1166 1590 male pedestrians 770 707 724 775 715 748 741 791 808 734 male others 107 101 80 84 83 96 109 173 117 96 female drivers 3416 3489 3679 3672 3891 3786 4164 4752 4773 3528 female passengers 2819 2754 3068 3078 2966 3015 3461 3871 3885 2880 female motorcyclists 99 121 96 122 110 141 198 176 149 105

female cyclists 1332 1453 1216 1181 1075 998 1051 1094 998 1334 female pedestrians 761 665 669 697 767 704 755 871 818 698 female others 28 30 19 63 22 38 44 83 22 26 0-17 2917 2870 2765 2832 3033 3229 3658 4042 4021 2851 18-24 3967 4006 3914 4093 4185 4314 4939 5385 5375 3962 25-44 7301 7541 7819 7948 7885 7920 8811 9720 9238 7554 45-64 4538 4727 4907 4988 5027 4967 5357 6027 5837 4724 65-74 1350 1329 1291 1393 1179 1187 1193 1270 1360 1323 75- 1111 1134 1063 1124 1166 1142 1106 1126 1136 1103 not known 135 180 89 122 122 125 215 62 95 135

CASES OF DAMAGE REPORTED TO INSURANCE COMPANIES (thousands) Mean

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 1996-98

Cases of damage 306 302 321 342 336 354 366 368 390 310

injured persons 39 38 41 41 41 43 49 48 45 39

Source: Nat Fed of Sw Insurance Companies

SEVERELY INJURED ACCORDING TO HEALTH CARE STATISTICS(Sw Board of Health and Welfare, VTI/Jörgen Larsson 2005-02-03) Mean

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 1996-98

TOTALS 12362 12587 11249 12835 13046 13364 13663 12066

MOTORISTS 4275 4344 4333 4922 5111 5521 5596 4317

MC/MOPED 1402 1592 1456 1707 1849 1863 2082 1483

CYCLISTS (with motor veh) 946 826 638 699 688 552 622 803

CYCLISTS (no motor veh) 3267 3516 2767 3275 2975 2994 3112 3183

PEDESTRIANS 751 929 887 903 960 940 865 856

UNSPECIFIED 753 155 146 140 179 170 141 351

OTHERS 968 1225 1022 1189 1284 1324 1245 1072

Note: Pedestrians-single accident (no motor vehicle involved) not included

motorists 0-17 413 391 355 447 479 527 532 386 motorists 18-24 881 877 846 984 1048 1223 1226 868 motorists 25-64 2383 2412 2469 2764 2892 3053 3168 2421 motorists 65- 598 664 663 727 692 718 670 642 cyclists 0-17 1491 1367 1130 1398 1231 1157 1305 1329 cyclists 18-24 290 372 272 254 252 239 213 311 cyclists 25-64 1668 1797 1419 1642 1551 1498 1518 1628 cyclists 65- 764 806 584 680 629 652 698 718 others 0-17 1161 1247 1130 1297 1383 1528 1533 1179 others 18-24 666 609 479 578 572 569 559 585 others 25-64 1611 1619 1479 1641 1898 1818 1876 1570 others 65- 436 426 423 423 419 382 365 428 total 0-17 3065 3005 2615 3142 3093 3212 3369 2895 total 18-24 1837 1858 1597 1816 1872 2031 1998 1764 total 25-64 5662 5828 5367 6047 6341 6369 6562 5619 total 65- 1798 1896 1670 1830 1740 1752 1733 1788

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VEHICLE KM (cars, lorries, buses and motorcycles) (SIKA/Road Administration 2004-2005) Mean

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 1996-98

Millions of veh km 66469 66668 67400 69558 70601 71590 73952 75358 76112 66846

Index 100 100 101 105 106 108 111 113 115 101

VEHICLES IN TRAFFIC (thousands) Mean

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 1996-98 Cars 3655 3703 3792 3890 3998 4019 4045 4078 4116 3717 Lorries 312 322 338 354 374 396 409 422 440 324 light 245 249 264 278 297 319 333 346 365 253 heavy 67 73 75 76 77 77 76 75 75 71 Buses 15 15 15 15 14 14 14 14 13 15 Cars total 3981 4039 4145 4259 4387 4428 4468 4513 4570 4055 Motorcycles 122 130 137 150 167 182 202 217 235 130 Mopeds Class I 9 19 30 48 Mopeds Class II 115 112 107 107 112 116 113 114 111

Note: No of vehicles at end of year, mopeds at 30 June from 2000 onwards Source: Sw Road Adm, Traffic Registry, Nat Fed of Sw Insurance Companies

VEHICLE KM (millions) (VTI/SIKA/Road Administration 2005) Mean

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 1996-98 Cars 57123 57206 57660 58926 59652 60243 61961 62542 62957 57329 Light lorries 4023 4112 4266 4496 4705 5002 5412 5656 5907 4134 Heavy lorries 3533 3543 3648 3808 3894 3963 4095 4117 4163 3575 3.5 - 16 tonnes 575 558 543 539 534 530 531 516 503 559 > 16 tonnes 2958 2984 3105 3268 3360 3433 3564 3601 3660 3016 Buses 981 982 978 975 945 919 927 913 890 980 Motorcycles 368 384 404 433 471 515 578 633 683 385 Mopeds 166 175 161 194 229 285 326 359 389 167

Note: Total weights

DRIVING LICENCE HOLDERS (thousands) Mean

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 1996-98 TOTALS 5418 5456 5475 - 5530 5571 5614 5662 5699 5450 18-19 82 76 78 - 76 74 75 81 88 20-24 402 383 364 - 339 337 336 339 343 393 25-44 2105 2098 2086 - 2073 2064 2053 2044 2038 2102 45-64 1896 1940 1970 - 2035 2064 2092 2114 2132 1918 65-74 554 566 562 - 569 579 592 607 624 560 75- 379 393 415 - 438 453 466 477 474 386 MEN 2980 2990 2987 - 2995 3009 3025 3040 3050 2986 WOMEN 2440 2467 2487 - 2536 2561 2590 2622 2647 2465

Note: B Licence, no statistics available for 1999 Source: Traffic Registry, Sw Road Administration

SEAT BELT USE Mean

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 1996-98

Car drivers (%) 89,0 88,3 89,4 90,4 90,1 90,3 91,2 91,3 91,8 88,9

Note: Figures noted for 1992-1995 were 87,1, 87,9, 88,7 and 88,2 % Source: VTI, Hans-Åke Cedersund

USE OF BICYCLE HELMETS Mean

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 1996-98

Totals (%) 15,2 16,1 17,7 16,1 16,0 15,4 17,1 18,0 21,0 16,3

Note: Figures noted for 1990-1995 were 6,4, 7,2, 7,4, 8,6, 10,7 and 13,5 %. Source: VTI, Sixten Nolén

ALCOHOL (drink driving offence, drove after drinking more than low-alcohol beer) Mean

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 1996-98

Drink driving offence 15023 13551 12127 12356 12718 14254 14924 15351 15549 13567

Note: Figures noted for 1990-1995 were 25508, 26100, 24563, 24298, 21011 and 17078 Source: BRÅ

Drove after drinking 7,4 9,0 9,7 8,7 8,6 7,2 7,4 8,7 8,7

Note: Figures noted for 1990-1995 were 12,4, 11,8, 10,2, 11,6, 10,2 and. 9,0 Source: Road Administration

SPEED (proportion of vehicle km above permitted speed on state-maintained roads) Mean

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 1996-98

Cars without trailers (%) 53 52 53 52 53 56 56 57 55 52

Lorries with trailers (%) 65 68 72 72 73 73 74 74 76 68

Source: Road Administration

2+1 ROADS AND MOTORWAYS (total No of km at end of year) Mean

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 1996-98

2+1 roads, km 0 0 10 30 180 450 680 950 1130 3

Motorways, km 1360 1430 1440 1480 1490 1510 1530 1580 1600 1410

Källa: VTI och Vägverket

AUTOMATIC SPEED CONTROL (total No of km at end of year) Mean

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 1996-98

Automatic speed contr, km 0 0 0 10 10 230 270 590 950 0

Source: RPS, VTI Jörgen Larsson

0

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FATALITIES (excl illness), TRAFFIC, VEHICLES, POPULATION AND RATE, AND INJURED (according to police) 1935-2004 Fatalities Year Fatalities Traffic Rate* Vehicles Rate** Population Rate*** Severely Slightly and

(million veh km) (year end) (year end) injured injured injured

1935 331 159 083 208,1 6 250 506 5,3 5058 1936 420 173 294 242,4 6 266 888 6,7 5912 1937 443 191 947 230,8 6 284 722 7,0 6391 1938 547 219 201 249,5 6 310 214 8,7 7896 1939 568 248 854 228,2 6 341 303 9,0 8706 1940 283 81 334 347,9 6 371 432 4,4 7656 1941 283 74 375 380,5 6 406 474 4,4 7542 1942 301 79 098 380,5 6 458 200 4,7 7919 1943 268 78 114 343,1 6 522 827 4,1 8153 1944 257 81 239 316,4 6 597 348 3,9 4999 1945 299 95 967 311,6 6 673 749 4,5 5233 1946 461 202 678 227,5 6 763 685 6,8 8783 1947 527 238 131 221,3 6 842 046 7,7 9855 1948 531 262 426 202,3 6 924 888 7,7 9114 1949 517 280 971 184,0 6 986 081 7,4 9495 1950 595 5143 115,7 344 953 172,5 7 046 920 8,4 11178 1951 708 6429 110,1 410 362 172,5 7 098 740 10,0 11948 1952 750 7251 103,4 465 779 161,0 7 150 606 10,5 13596 1953 921 8640 106,6 542 334 169,8 7 192 316 12,8 15954 1954 942 10286 91,6 652 321 144,4 7 234 664 13,0 17905 1955 902 11674 77,3 754 895 119,5 7 290 112 12,4 18952 1956 889 13114 67,8 855 148 104,0 7 341 122 12,1 20109 1957 946 15069 62,8 986 952 95,9 7 392 872 12,8 20880 1958 941 16817 56,0 1 097 837 85,7 7 436 066 12,7 21800 1959 1000 18669 53,6 1 215 886 82,2 7 471 345 13,4 22475 1960 1036 20413 50,8 1 324 021 78,2 7 497 967 13,8 22572 1961 1083 21514 50,3 1 438 947 75,3 7 542 028 14,4 23981 1962 1123 23429 47,9 1 561 814 71,9 7 581 148 14,8 23561 1963 1217 24157 50,4 1 695 687 71,8 7 627 507 16,0 24617 1964 1308 26847 48,7 1 809 536 72,3 7 695 200 17,0 26243 1965 1313 29332 44,8 1 934 520 67,9 7 772 506 16,9 24931 1966 1313 31234 42,0 2 033 313 64,6 7 843 088 16,7 22743 1967 1077 32433 33,2 2 126 106 50,7 7 892 774 13,6 22078 1968 1262 33689 37,5 2 222 642 56,8 7 931 193 15,9 6111 16917 24290 1969 1275 35267 36,2 2 349 815 54,3 8 004 270 15,9 6529 16670 24474 1970 1307 37065 35,3 2 446 483 53,4 8 081 142 16,2 6614 15616 23537 1971 1213 38854 31,2 2 513 089 48,3 8 115 165 14,9 7031 14841 23085 1972 1194 40730 29,3 2 603 958 45,9 8 129 129 14,7 6657 14599 22450 1973 1177 44831 26,3 2 666 763 44,1 8 144 428 14,5 7264 15287 23728 1974 1197 42625 28,1 2 809 165 42,6 8 176 691 14,6 6982 13920 22099 1975 1172 43342 27,0 2 930 978 40,0 8 208 442 14,3 6632 14081 21981 1976 1168 46733 25,0 3 059 703 38,2 8 236 179 14,2 6679 15164 23011 1977 1031 48989 21,0 3 039 086 33,9 8 267 116 12,5 6529 14387 21947 1978 1034 50277 20,6 3 041 639 34,0 8 284 437 12,5 6431 14142 21607 1979 928 51249 18,1 3 058 825 30,3 8 303 010 11,2 6036 13516 20480 1980 848 51573 16,4 3 077 323 27,6 8 317 937 10,2 6064 13182 20094 1981 784 51231 15,3 3 092 567 25,4 8 323 033 9,4 5984 12570 19338 1982 758 51863 14,6 3 142 726 24,1 8 327 484 9,1 5950 13327 20035 1983 779 52709 14,8 3 222 020 24,2 8 330 573 9,4 6063 13740 20582 1984 801 53222 15,1 3 304 567 24,2 8 342 621 9,6 6068 14567 21436 1985 808 54888 14,7 3 382 637 23,9 8 358 139 9,7 5814 14857 21479 1986 844 55291 15,3 3 497 297 24,1 8 381 515 10,1 5804 15810 22458 1987 787 58639 13,4 3 626 147 21,7 8 414 083 9,4 5423 15044 21255 1988 813 61763 13,2 3 764 043 21,6 8 458 888 9,6 5869 16969 23651 1989 904 65052 13,9 3 887 473 23,3 8 527 036 10,6 5790 17741 24435 1990 772 64310 12,0 3 924 633 19,7 8 590 630 9,0 5501 16996 23269 1991 745 64867 11,5 3 945 459 18,9 8 644 119 8,6 4832 16225 21802 1992 759 65537 11,6 3 905 589 19,4 8 692 013 8,7 4705 16022 21486 1993 632 64135 9,9 3 882 034 16,3 8 745 109 7,2 4334 15407 20373 1994 545 64905 8,4 3 912 023 13,9 8 816 381 6,2 4221 16862 21628 1995 531 66138 8,0 3 953 046 13,4 8 837 496 6,0 3965 17208 21704 1996 508 66469 7,6 3 981 424 12,8 8 844 499 5,7 3837 16973 21318 1997 507 66668 7,6 4 037 318 12,6 8 847 625 5,7 3917 17363 21787 1998 492 67400 7,3 4 143 592 11,9 8 854 322 5,6 3883 17474 21848 1999 536 69558 7,7 4 259 321 12,6 8 861 426 6,0 4043 17921 22500 2000 564 70601 8,0 4 387 253 12,9 8 882 792 6,3 4103 17929 22596 2001 551 71590 7,7 4 428 472 12,4 8 909 128 6,2 4058 18272 22881 2002 532 73952 7,2 4 467 905 11,9 8 940 788 6,0 4592 20155 25279 2003 529 75358 7,0 4 513 318 11,7 8 975 670 5,9 4664 22439 27632 2004 480 76112 6,3 4 569 674 10,5 9 011 392 5,3 4022 22560 27062 2005 2006 2007

Rate* = fatalities per billion veh km Rate** = fatalities per 100 000 vehicles Rate*** = fatalities per 100 000 population Source: SCB, SIKA, Road Administration

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FATALITIES IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES Mean 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 1996-98 Australia 1970 1768 1755 1763 1824 1737 1723 1621 1831 Austria 1027 1105 963 1079 976 958 956 931 1032 Denmark 514 489 499 514 498 431 463 432 378 501 Finland 404 438 400 431 396 433 415 379 370 414 France 8541 8444 8918 8487 8079 8160 7655 6058 8634 Germany 8758 8549 7792 7772 7503 6977 6842 6613 8366 Hungary 1370 1391 1371 1306 1200 1239 1429 1326 1377 Ireland 453 472 458 413 415 411 376 376 461 Japan 11674 11254 10805 10372 10403 10060 9575 8877 11244 Netherlands 1180 1163 1066 1090 1082 993 987 1028 1136 New Zealand 514 540 502 509 462 455 404 461 519 Norway 255 303 352 304 341 275 310 280 258 303 Poland 6359 7310 7080 6730 6294 5534 5827 5640 6916 Portugal 2394 2210 2126 1995 1860 1671 1675 1546 2243 Spain 5483 5604 5957 5738 5776 5517 5347 5399 5681 Sweden 508 507 492 536 564 551 532 529 480 502 Switzerland 616 587 597 583 592 544 513 546 600 United Kingdom 3740 3743 3581 3564 3580 3598 3581 3658 3688 United States 42065 42013 41501 41717 41945 42196 43005 42643 41860 Totalt 97825 97890 96215 94903 93790 91740 91615 88343 97310 UK = Gr. Britain + N. Ireland Source: IRTAD

FATALITIES PER 100 000 POPULATION Mean

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 1996-98 Australia 10,8 9,5 9,5 9,3 9,5 9,4 8,8 8,2 9,9 Austria 12,9 13,9 11,9 13,4 12,0 11,9 11,9 11,5 12,9 Denmark 9,8 9,3 8,5 9,7 9,3 8,1 8,6 8,0 9,2 Finland 7,9 8,5 7,7 8,4 7,7 8,4 8,0 7,3 8,0 France 14,7 14,4 15,2 14,4 13,6 13,8 12,9 10,2 14,8 Germany 10,7 10,4 9,5 9,5 9,1 8,5 8,3 8,0 10,2 Hungary 13,4 13,7 13,6 12,9 11,9 12,1 14,0 13,1 13,6 Ireland 12,5 12,9 12,4 11,0 11,0 10,7 9,6 9,6 12,6 Japan 9,3 8,9 8,6 8,2 8,2 7,9 7,5 7,0 8,9 Netherlands 7,6 7,5 6,8 6,9 6,8 6,2 6,1 6,3 7,3 New Zealand 13,8 14,4 13,6 13,4 12,1 11,8 10,3 11,5 13,9 Norway 5,8 6,9 8,0 6,8 7,7 6,1 6,9 6,1 6,9 Poland 16,5 18,9 18,3 17,4 16,3 14,3 15,3 14,8 17,9 Portugal 25,4 23,4 22,4 21,0 19,6 17,6 16,1 14,8 23,7 Spain 14,0 14,3 15,2 14,6 14,6 13,8 13,2 12,8 14,5 Sweden 5,7 5,7 5,6 6,0 6,3 6,2 6,0 5,9 5,3 5,7 Switzerland 8,7 8,3 8,4 8,2 8,3 7,6 7,1 7,5 8,5 United Kingdom 6,4 6,4 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,1 6,3 United States 15,9 15,7 15,3 15,3 15,2 14,8 14,8 14,7 15,6 Source: IRTAD

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3 Comments on previous, present and future trends

Fatalities etc

For a long time, the traffic safety trend in Sweden has been very good, perhaps the very best in the world (pp 11 and 18).

Counting from 1970 onwards, the number killed in traffic has decreased, on average, by about 3% annually, while at the same time the average number of vehicle km increased by about 2% annually. This also means that the death rate (number killed per vehicle km) has decreased, on average, by about 5% annually (Appendix No 1).

Over the period 1970–1982, the number killed on roads decreased from the top level of 1,307 (a higher figure, 1,313, was noted only in 1965 and 1966) to 758. In 1989, however, fatalities again exceeded 900 (904). This occurred after traffic had steeply increased over several years. At the same time, both young (18–24) and old drivers (65 or older) then accounted for a large proportion of vehicle km carried out by car drivers (Appendix No

17). Available figures for alcohol in traffic were also record high (Appendix No 19).

Over the period 1989–1998, fatalities in traffic decreased from 904 to 492. This was during a period with moderate increase in traffic (ca 0.5% annually). The proportion of car driver vehicle km acounted for by young and old drivers decreased. According to available figures, alcohol in traffic decreased steeply. In addition, there was a rise in seat belt use and, not least, in the use of bicycle helmets (Appendices 22 and 23).

In 1996 the Vision Zero was presented. In 1997, the Vision Zero was adopted by a Parliament resolution, and in 1998 the Parliament resolved on the present intermediate target of not more than 270 fatalities in 2007.

Already when the resolution concerning the Vision Zero was passed, Sweden, together with the UK and Holland, was ”world best” regarding traffic safety measured in the number killed per population (or motor vehicle) (p. 18).

Over the whole of the period 1999-2003, the annual fatalities in Sweden were higher than the number killed in 1998 (492). The number was highest in 2000 (564). In 2004 fatalities decreased to 480. During these years also, the total increase in traffic was normal, on average about 2% annually. However, heavy lorries, >16 tonnes, had a greater increase, on average about 3% annually (p. 16). During this period, vehicle km by motorcycles and mopeds practically doubled. There are however no figures to indicate that vehicle km carried out by young car drivers had increased. Nor was there an increase in the possession of driving licences by young people (18–24) (p. 16). The figures for alcohol in traffic indicate an increase, even though the figures are still clearly lower than for 1989. There was a slight increase in seat belt use. The earlier rate of increase in the use of bicycle helmets decreased considerably in 1999, but in 2004 there was an improvement in use. The number of speeding offences increased for both cars and lorries (Appendix No 21). Compared with the period 1996–1998, the speed of cars on roads with 110 km limit increased. For lorries with trailers, speed mainly increased on roads with 70 km limit. Since the Vision Zero was introduced during the period 1996–1998 and since it is the fatalities in 1996 which are to be cut by half and must not exceed 270 in 2007, most of the comparisons have been made with the position in these years.

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On the whole (Minibase statistic, pp. 13–18), there are still as many fatalities in traffic in recent years as in 1996-1998. This also mostly holds for the different subgroups, even though some differences can be noted.

Severe injuries according to the police

The total number of severe injuries (according to the police) is lowest during 1996–1998 (counted from 1970 onwards) and then increases slightly in the following years (p. 17). The same applies for severely injured car drivers, car passengers, motorcyclists and moped riders (Appendix No 7). The number of severely injured cyclists however continued to decrease even after 1998, while the number of severely injured pedestrians remained at the same level.

It must be noted that the degree of coverage of police reports relating to severe injuries is low (about 60%) and even lower for slight injuries (SIKA/SCB). The degree of coverage is lowest for cyclists. The change to STRADA (p. 7) probably had an effect on police reports and the classification of traffic injuries in recent years.

Slight injuries according to the police

According to the police, the total number of slight injuries was fairly constant from the beginning of the 1970s to the middle of the 1990s (p. 17). In recent years, however, the number increased and in 2003 and 2004 was the highest at any time during modern times. However, the pattern varies for different road user categories (Appendix No 8). The number of slightly injured car drivers has gradually increased over the years. The highest number of slightly injured car drivers can be noted for the years 2003 and 2004, the number being more than 30% higher than for the years 1996–1998. The number of slightly injured car passengers is also the highest ever in 2003–2004.

Total number of injuries and fatalities according to the police

According to the police, the growth in the number of fatalities and injuries (severe or slight) has a pattern similar to the number of slight injuries (Appendix No 9). It can thus be noted in this case also that both the greatest number of fatalities and injuries, and the greatest number of fatalities and injuries among car drivers, were registered in 2003 and 2004.

Injuries reported to insurance companies

The number of cases of damage and injuries to persons reported to the insurance companies (p. 15) has since 1996-98 increased at about the same rate as the total number of injuries (and fatalities) according to the police.

Severe injuries according to health care statistics

Overall, the number of severe injuries according to health care statistics is three times the number of severe injuries according to the police (pp. 14-15). The difference is even greater in relation to severe injuries to cyclists, about 7-10 times greater according to health care statistics.

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Children, young people and the old killed in traffic

As regards traffic fatalities, children, and especially the youngest, had the best trend seen over a longer period (Appendix No 5). Up to 1996-98, young people (18–24) had a very favourable trend, but the fatalities have increased since then. The latter is particularly true for young car drivers (p. 13). The group 65 and above exhibits a comparatively good trend.

Fatalities in accidents involving heavy lorries

The number of deaths in accidents involving heavy lorries shows an increase in recent years (Appendix No 15). This holds mainly for fatalities in head-on and overtaking accidents, which account for an approximately 50% rise since the middle of the 1990s.

Fatalities in single-vehicle and head-on accidents

In the case of both single vehicle and head-on/overtaking accidents (Appendix No 13), there was an increase in the number killed during the period 1996–2002.

Fatalities on different road types and for different speed limits

In relation to all road types (Appendix No 11), during the period 1996–2002 there was a decrease in fatalities on expressways, which is explained (Appendix No 14) by a lower number of head-on and overtaking accidents on these roads. For other road types there are no changes in the number of deaths. One obvious explanation for the demonstrated reduction in fatalities is the reconstruction of roads into frontal collision free 2+1 roads. According to the estimates of VTI, about 26 lives over a year are saved due to the number of kilometres that have been reconstructed up to the end of 2004 (about 1,150 km).

The breakdown of fatalities by speed limit has not changed appreciably (Appendix No 12). Roads with 90 km speed limit accounted for a smaller proportion of fatalities, but nevertheless for the largest number, in the last year.

Fatalities per month

Fatalities during a certain month vary greatly from year to year (Appendix No 10). Slightly simplified, it can be said that at present 33, 33, 33, 33, 44, 44, 55, 55, 44, 44, 44 and 44 people are killed, on average, during January, February and so on, with a total of about 500 during a year. The random variation can be described using the range average number

± 2 average number .

Fatalities in intersections, in the dark, in slippery conditions, etc

There are several annual breakdowns of fatalities which are not followed up in these statistics. On the whole, the following applies:

33% of fatalities occur in the dark 15% on snowy-icy roads

70% in the countryside 20% in intersections

0–5 fatalities occur on roundabouts.

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continued drop in fatalities, Sweden remained at about the same level as during 1996– 1998.

Roads, vehicles and road users

The most noticeable change in the design of the road network in recent years, at least on the state-maintained network, is the construction of frontal collision free 2+1 roads (p. 16). The first 2+1 section was completed in 1998 (Gävle–Axmartavlan). At the end of 2004, the total completed length in the country as a whole was almost 1,150 km.

The average age of cars in traffic increased from 7.4 in 1990 to 9.4 in 1996–1967, and thereafter gradually decreased to 9.1 in 2003 (Appendix No 18). During the whole of the 1990s, there was a pronounced shift to cars of increasing weight (Appendix No 18).

It is difficult to find a time series which objectively describes the change in road user attitude/ behaviour over time. Indirect index numbers regarding alcohol, speeds, use of mobile telephones while driving etc can be used, but cannot claim to present a complete picture.

Population forecast

By 2010, the number of young people (15-24) in the population will increase by about 100,000. After that the number of young people will decrease. The 65-74 group will increase by almost 200,000 by 2010. The increase will continue even after this. During the period 2010-2020 the number of people aged 75 and over will increase. All in all, the number of people aged 65 and over will increase by about 500,000 by the year 2020.

Population forecast (SCB) 3000000 2500000 2000000 75 -Population 65-74 45-64 1500000 25-44 15-24 0-14 1000000 500000 0 2005 2020 2004 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 201 6 2017 2018 2019 Year

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Forecast of fatalities in 2007

It is difficult to forecast future fatalities. Depending on the choice of model, the explanatory factors included, the historical period selected and the assumptions made, different results can be obtained.

The results set out below have been obtained using the following model:

Expected number of deaths = a · bYear_{· Traf}c

where Year is equal to 1, 2, 3 … and Traf is a traffic index

Model I was fitted to the actual trend during the period 1986–2004, and for forecasting the outcome up to 2007 it was assumed that traffic in future will increase by 1% annually. The actual result was lower than expected (predicted) for the period 1994–1998. In 1999 the trend changed, and after this the results were higher than expected. For the year 2004, however, the actual outcome was near the predicted value. The forecast for 2007 is about 400.

Model II was fitted only to the trend during 1986–1998. The actual outcomes and predicted values agree very well for the whole period 1986–1998, but for 1999-2004 the actual values are much higher than the predicted values. The forecast, about 300 in 2007, appears very improbable.

Model III (as Model I) was also fitted to the trend during 1986–2004 but has been complemented with a multiplicative augmentation factor (dummy variable for 1999–2004) to have a better fit to the high results up to the end of 1999. The augmentation factor has been estimated at 1.25. The forecast for 2007 is about 400, i.e. practically the same forecast as that according to Model I.

Forecast I without augmentation factor - based on 1986-2004

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

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Forecast II without augmentation factor - based on 1986-1998 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Fatalities (excl illness) Forecast, model II

Forecast III with augmentation factor (for 1999-2007) - based on 1986-2004

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Fatalities (excl illness) Forecast, model III

According to these forecasts, there is no hope that the intermediate target of not more than 270 fatalities in 2007 will be achieved.

If fatalities had decreased by 3% annually, ”the same favourable trend as before” even in 1997 and later, the outcome would have been about 400 fatalities in 2004 and about 360 in

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Appendix No 1

Vehicle km, fatalities and death rate, 1950-2004

Year Millions of vehicle km Change in veh. km Traffic fatalities Change in fatalities Death rate Change in death rate

1950 5143 595 115,7 1951 6429 25,0% 708 19,0% 110,1 -4,8% 1952 7251 12,8% 750 5,9% 103,4 -6,1% 1953 8640 19,2% 921 22,8% 106,6 3,1% 1954 10286 19,1% 942 2,3% 91,6 -14,1% 1955 11674 13,5% 902 -4,2% 77,3 -15,6% 1956 13114 12,3% 889 -1,4% 67,8 -12,3% 1957 15069 14,9% 946 6,4% 62,8 -7,4% 1958 16817 11,6% 941 -0,5% 56,0 -10,9% 1959 18669 11,0% 15,5% 1000 6,3% 6,3% 53,6 -4,3% -8,0% 1960 20413 9,3% 1036 3,6% 50,8 -5,3% 1961 21514 5,4% 1083 4,5% 50,3 -0,8% 1962 23429 8,9% 1123 3,7% 47,9 -4,8% 1963 24157 3,1% 1217 8,4% 50,4 5,1% 1964 26847 11,1% 1308 7,5% 48,7 -3,3% 1965 29332 9,3% 1313 0,4% 44,8 -8,1% 1966 31234 6,5% 1313 0,0% 42,0 -6,1% 1967 32433 3,8% 1077 -18,0% 33,2 -21,0% 1968 33689 3,9% 1262 17,2% 37,5 12,8% 1969 35267 4,7% 6,6% 1275 1,0% 2,8% 36,2 -3,5% -3,5% 1970 37065 5,1% 1307 2,5% 35,3 -2,5% 1971 38854 4,8% 1213 -7,2% 31,2 -11,5% 1972 40730 4,8% 1194 -1,6% 29,3 -6,1% 1973 44831 10,1% 1177 -1,4% 26,3 -10,4% 1974 42625 -4,9% 1197 1,7% 28,1 7,0% 1975 43342 1,7% 1172 -2,1% 27,0 -3,7% 1976 46733 7,8% 1168 -0,3% 25,0 -7,6% 1977 48989 4,8% 1031 -11,7% 21,0 -15,8% 1978 50277 2,6% 1034 0,3% 20,6 -2,3% 1979 51249 1,9% 3,9% 928 -10,3% -3,0% 18,1 -12,0% -6,5% 1980 51573 0,6% 848 -8,6% 16,4 -9,2% 1981 51231 -0,7% 784 -7,5% 15,3 -6,9% 1982 51863 1,2% 758 -3,3% 14,6 -4,5% 1983 52709 1,6% 779 2,8% 14,8 1,1% 1984 53222 1,0% 801 2,8% 15,1 1,8% 1985 54888 3,1% 808 0,9% 14,7 -2,2% 1986 55291 0,7% 844 4,5% 15,3 3,7% 1987 58639 6,1% 787 -6,8% 13,4 -12,1% 1988 61763 5,3% 813 3,3% 13,2 -1,9% 1989 65052 5,3% 2,4% 904 11,2% -0,1% 13,9 5,6% -2,5% 1990 64310 -1,1% 772 -14,6% 12,0 -13,6% 1991 64867 0,9% 745 -3,5% 11,5 -4,3% 1992 65537 1,0% 759 1,9% 11,6 0,8% 1993 64135 -2,1% 632 -16,7% 9,9 -14,9% 1994 64905 1,2% 545 -13,8% 8,4 -14,8% 1995 66138 1,9% 531 -2,6% 8,0 -4,4% 1996 66469 0,5% 508 -4,3% 7,6 -4,8% 1997 66668 0,3% 507 -0,2% 7,6 -0,5% 1998 67400 1,1% 0,4% 492 -3,0% -6,3% 7,3 -4,0% -6,7% 1999 69558 3,2% 536 8,9% 7,7 5,6% 2000 70601 1,5% 564 5,2% 8,0 3,7% 2001 71590 1,4% 551 -2,3% 7,7 -3,7% 2002 73952 3,3% 532 -3,4% 7,2 -6,5% 2003 75358 1,9% 529 -0,6% 7,0 -2,4% 2004 76112 1,0% 2,1% 480 -9,3% -0,2% 6,3 -10,2% -2,3% 1970-1998 2,2% -3,2% -5,3% 1999-2004 2,1% -0,2% -2,3%

Note. Apart from the annual changes, the arithmetic means are given (to the right of the coloured fields) for each coloured period. The data set out in Appendix No 1 are used for the figures on p. 8.

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Appendix No 2

Traffic safety resolutions etc, 1960–2005

2006 VTI GN/UB/JL

National resolutions, campaigns etc in Sweden since 1960, which are connected with traffic safety, are set out below. There are no data concerning local action.

1966 Obligatory vehicle inspection

1967 Change to right-hand traffic

1967 Regulation on the use of seat belt in the front seats of all cars from 1969 model onwards

1968 Least tread depth on tyres 1 mm 1968 Swedish Road Safety Office instituted 1971 Differentiated speed limits

1975 Law on use of seat belts in front seats 1975 Motorcycle helmets

1976 Driving tests for motorcyclists

1976 Identification sign for school transport vehicles 1977 Daytime running lights

1978 Helmets for moped riders

1979 Lights on cycles needed only in the dark

1980 Greatest permitted vehicle width increased from 250 to 260 cm 1981 Driving under instruction permitted on motorways

1981 New 30 km sign, recommended speed in 50 km areas as warning of possible traffic calming measures

1982 All slow vehicles to have red reflecting triangle at the rear

1982 Traffic Safety Commission TSU, 1982. Qualitative goals for traffic safety work 1982 New driving licences

1983 Law on use of seat belt by front seat passengers in taxis

1984 Introduction of Category C instead of B for heavy lorries without trailers, 460,000 new driving licences

1986 New traffic regulations. Driving on hard shoulder accepted, priority to traffic entering motorway from secondary road, obligatory use of reflectors at front, rear and on both wheels of bicycles etc

1986 New tests for heavy motorcycles 1986 Campaign ”seat belt in back seat”

1986 Law on use of seat belt for adults in back seat

1987 The first traffic safety programme for next three-year period submitted to the government

1987 Road Sign Fund for traffic safety research established 1988 Law on seat belt/safety equipment for children in back seat

1988 Prohibition of the manufacture, sale or use of radar detector devices 1988 Campaign ”Kill your speed”

1989 Reduction of 110 km/h speed limit to 90 km/h during the summer and to 90 km/h even after the summer on motorways in metropolitan regions

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Appendix No 2

1990 Report on latest traffic safety programme of Swedish Traffic Safety Office 1990 Change in taxation increases petrol price

1991 Stricter aptitude test after drink driving offence involving at least 0.15%

1992 Return to 110 km/h in metropolitan regions, experiment with automatic speed control terminated

1992 Final year of Swedish Traffic Safety Office, formed in 1968 after change to right-hand traffic

1993 Swedish Road Administration takes over national responsibility for traffic safety 1993 Steep rise in petrol price

1993 Private driving tuition from 16 years of age

1994 New drink driving law, limit for aggravated drink driving 0.1% 1994 Breathalyser tests in traffic doubled

1994 Laser instruments introduced for speed control

1994 The national traffic safety programme (Swedish Road Administration, Police and Swedish Association of Local Authorities) presented; not more than 400 fatalities in 2000

1995 Speed limit for cars with trailers and heavy lorries raised from 70 to 80 km/h 1995 Steel wire barriers in central reserve on motorways

1995 Prohibition of simultaneous use of fog lights/dipped lights

1996 Vision Zero presented

1996 Air bag standard on new cars

1996 Lorry length increased from 24 to 25.25 m

1997 On a few roads in southern Sweden, speed limit lowered from 110 to 90 km/h

1997 Parliament resolution on Vision Zero

1998 Steel wire barriers in roadside areas introduced

1998 Municipalities given right to impose 30 km/h in urban areas

1998 Transport policy resolution regarding not more than 270 fatalities in 2007 1998 First three-lane road with central barrier inaugurated, Gävle-Axmartavlan

1999 Law on seat belt use also by taxi and lorry drivers; the law now applies generally 1999 Law on winter tyres December-March if conditions are slippery

1999 Experiment with winter speed limits, 110 to 90 km/h and 90 to 70 km/h 1999 Tests on alcohol locks in AB, E and AC counties

1999 New traffic regulations on 1 October, e.g. motorist to give priority to cyclist and vice versa

1999 New traffic light regulation in signal-controlled crossings 1999 Government 11 point programme

2000 Certain speed limit reductions made permanent

2000 High petrol price, SEK 10 per litre for the first time (the limit SEK 1 crossed at the beginning of the 1970s)

2000 Driving licence for EU mopeds

2000 Priority to pedestrians on zebra crossings, fewer crossings 2000 Increased use of traffic calming measures in urban areas 2000 Increase in 2+1 roads with central barriers

2000 EU Directive to manufacturers on ”extra brake lights”

2001 Automatic digital speed control on about 15 road sections begins

2002 Minister of Industry and Commerce Björn Rosengren launches the project National Association for Traffic Safety on 8 August

2002 Seat belt campaign

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Appendix No 2

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Appendix No 3

Fatalities in traffic and at work

Year Killed in work accidents Change Killed in road traffic Change

1950 595 1951 708 19,0% 1952 750 5,9% 1953 921 22,8% 1954 942 2,3% 1955 425 902 -4,2% 1956 411 -3,3% 889 -1,4% 1957 328 -20,2% 946 6,4% 1958 372 13,4% 941 -0,5% 1959 361 -3,0% -3,3% 1000 6,3% 6,3% 1960 365 1,1% 1036 3,6% 1961 362 -0,8% 1083 4,5% 1962 318 -12,2% 1123 3,7% 1963 308 -3,1% 1217 8,4% 1964 331 7,5% 1308 7,5% 1965 317 -4,2% 1313 0,4% 1966 308 -2,8% 1313 0,0% 1967 285 -7,5% 1077 -18,0% 1968 294 3,2% 1262 17,2% 1969 300 2,0% -1,7% 1275 1,0% 2,8% 1970 272 -9,3% 1307 2,5% 1971 220 -19,1% 1213 -7,2% 1972 238 8,2% 1194 -1,6% 1973 180 -24,4% 1177 -1,4% 1974 223 23,9% 1197 1,7% 1975 190 -14,8% 1172 -2,1% 1976 145 -23,7% 1168 -0,3% 1977 153 5,5% 1031 -11,7% 1978 148 -3,3% 1034 0,3% 1979 135 -8,8% -6,6% 928 -10,3% -3,0% 1980 126 -6,7% 848 -8,6% 1981 133 5,6% 784 -7,5% 1982 109 -18,0% 758 -3,3% 1983 124 13,8% 779 2,8% 1984 109 -12,1% 801 2,8% 1985 94 -13,8% 808 0,9% 1986 115 22,3% 844 4,5% 1987 101 -12,2% 787 -6,8% 1988 109 7,9% 813 3,3% 1989 99 -9,2% -2,2% 904 11,2% -0,1% 1990 119 20,2% 772 -14,6% 1991 79 -33,6% 745 -3,5% 1992 81 2,5% 759 1,9% 1993 82 1,2% 632 -16,7% 1994 63 -23,2% 545 -13,8% 1995 61 -3,2% 531 -2,6% 1996 66 8,2% 508 -4,3% 1997 65 -1,5% 507 -0,2% 1998 52 -20,0% -5,5% 492 -3,0% -6,3% 1999 50 -3,8% 536 8,9% 2000 43 -14,0% 564 5,2% 2001 46 7,0% 551 -2,3% 2002 46 0,0% 532 -3,4% 2003 49 6,5% -0,9% 529 -0,6% 1,6%

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Appendix No 4

Fatalities by road user category, age and sex, 1994 – 2004

The table below (”Minibase statistics supplement”) gives details of the trend in fatalities from 1994 onwards, broken down by age and road user category. The intention is that these statistics, in the same way as the Minibase Statistics (pp. 13-18), should be updated annually.

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Appendix No 4

Supplement to Minibase statistics Version: 2005-06-16 (2 pages)

FATALITIES (excl illness)

MEN WOMEN 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 DRIVERS 0-12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13-17 2 0 0 2 4 4 3 4 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 18-19 11 2 12 9 13 9 11 18 11 1 1 3 3 2 2 4 4 2 20-24 18 23 28 23 29 30 38 26 24 4 5 3 6 8 5 2 8 5 25-44 49 80 66 69 78 69 72 64 59 16 12 10 9 19 15 17 13 10 45-64 40 48 55 52 58 60 64 57 36 15 10 11 11 16 12 10 19 11 65-74 25 18 17 17 17 21 8 19 17 5 6 7 3 3 4 2 6 1 75- 25 34 23 29 25 17 30 26 29 6 2 1 5 4 2 5 4 3 SUM 170 205 201 201 224 210 226 214 178 47 36 35 37 52 41 40 54 32 PASSENGERS 0-12 3 5 6 9 3 2 8 7 8 7 3 1 10 3 6 2 2 0 13-17 16 5 1 12 7 8 5 5 2 3 1 1 3 3 5 3 10 3 18-19 2 3 5 3 11 11 8 5 4 0 2 2 2 4 4 8 2 3 20-24 6 10 6 6 14 12 8 6 10 5 3 4 6 3 4 2 4 0 25-44 5 13 5 14 17 16 20 17 12 6 12 12 7 7 15 14 8 8 45-64 7 3 3 5 9 3 9 10 5 14 12 6 10 9 11 3 8 6 65-74 5 4 2 0 1 1 1 4 2 8 8 8 9 4 13 8 5 6 75- 6 3 5 3 6 3 5 7 4 14 10 6 16 14 7 12 10 19 SUM 50 46 33 52 68 56 64 61 47 57 51 40 63 47 65 52 49 45 MOTORCYCLISTS/PASSENGERS 0-12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 13-17 3 3 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 18-24 12 10 6 5 7 13 11 12 8 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 25-44 19 14 19 14 18 13 13 23 26 0 2 1 2 1 2 0 2 4 45-64 2 6 8 14 10 6 8 7 12 1 1 1 0 0 1 2 0 2 65-74 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 75- 1 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SUM 38 33 35 34 37 35 35 43 50 3 3 5 2 2 3 2 4 6 MOPED RIDERS 0-12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13-17 4 3 10 2 2 2 6 1 9 2 0 1 2 0 1 1 1 1 18-24 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25-44 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 3 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 45-64 3 1 0 1 1 4 1 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 65-74 2 3 1 3 2 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 75- 3 3 0 3 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SUM 12 12 11 10 9 7 11 8 17 2 0 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 CYCLISTS 0-12 1 3 3 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 13-17 1 1 1 1 2 2 0 1 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 18-24 1 0 2 3 3 2 0 0 1 1 1 2 1 1 0 2 0 0 25-44 5 3 1 3 8 3 2 2 2 3 5 1 0 4 3 2 2 0 45-64 7 3 11 10 11 12 7 13 4 3 2 4 4 1 4 4 2 2 65-74 5 4 6 6 5 2 4 6 4 1 3 1 0 2 1 2 0 2 75- 14 11 17 6 7 11 8 5 10 4 4 3 6 2 0 3 1 1 SUM 34 25 41 30 37 34 23 29 22 14 16 14 11 10 8 14 6 5 PEDESTRIANS 0-12 2 5 3 3 1 2 2 1 1 2 4 3 0 1 2 1 1 1 13-17 1 0 5 3 2 0 1 2 2 2 3 0 4 3 1 1 3 1 18-24 1 2 1 2 5 3 3 3 8 1 3 0 2 0 2 1 2 0 25-44 7 4 7 11 6 17 5 9 8 2 3 4 4 2 1 4 3 1 45-64 10 9 14 9 5 10 7 4 8 5 5 5 6 8 2 3 5 2 65-74 9 10 6 6 4 4 3 2 6 9 3 6 8 4 4 4 1 5 75- 9 13 10 13 14 22 11 11 8 15 8 5 15 18 17 12 8 16 SUM 39 43 46 47 37 58 32 32 41 36 29 23 39 36 29 26 23 26 OTHERS 0-12 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13-17 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 18-24 0 1 0 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25-44 1 2 3 3 2 2 2 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45-64 2 1 3 2 0 2 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 65-74 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 75- 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SUM 3 6 7 8 4 7 5 4 9 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 GRAND TOTAL 0-12 6 14 13 14 5 6 12 10 10 10 7 5 10 5 8 3 5 1 13-17 27 12 18 20 18 18 17 14 16 8 5 5 9 7 8 6 15 6 18-24 51 51 60 53 84 83 81 72 68 15 16 16 20 18 17 19 21 10 25-44 86 118 101 114 129 120 116 119 112 27 34 28 22 34 36 37 28 23 45-64 71 71 94 93 94 97 97 93 72 38 30 27 31 34 30 23 34 23 65-74 47 39 32 33 31 28 19 32 34 23 20 22 20 13 22 16 12 14 75- 58 65 56 55 55 55 54 51 52 39 24 15 42 38 26 32 23 39 SUM 346 370 374 382 416 407 396 391 364 160 136 118 154 149 147 136 138 116

Basic statistics for accidents and traffic and other background variables in Sweden : Version 2005-06-30