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Box 1026 Gjuterigatan 5 036-10 10 00 (vx)
551 11 Jönköping
NY GENERATION AV SMART HOME DEVICE
NEW GENERATION OF SMART HOME
DEVICE
Carlos Jarque AntolíMASTERTHESIS 2019
Master in Product Development with a specialization
INDUSTRIAL DESIGN
Postadress: Besöksadress: Telefon:
Box 1026 Gjuterigatan 5 036-10 10 00 (vx)
551 11 Jönköping
New Generation of Smart Home Device
Ny generation av Smart Home Device
Carlos Jarque Antolí
This degree project is performed at the School of Engineering in Jönköping in the subject field Industrial Design. The project is a result of the master program Industrial Design. The writers are responsible of the result, conclusions and reflections.
Tutor:Jony Tran
Extent: 30 points (D-level) Date: 15/06/2019
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Abstract
This thesis project was conveyed in collaboration with Block Zero, a strategic Design Studio in Malmö, Sweden, with the purpose to design a product that develops a new type of interaction within the Smart Home.
This design project will primarily focus on the research, exploration and definition of possible solutions, and the resulting design and development of the final product, a Smart Home Health Hub.
From a global perspective, throughout the following document is covered a description of the design process from initial research to the final prototype.
The project is defined in this approach and establishes the mentioned principles to guide the execution of the project through a deductive method, synthesising until the final result.
Methods used during the project are: Double diamond, Gantt schedule, Functional analysis, Moodboard, Trend analysis and Competitor analysis, Brainstorming, CAD modelling, prototyping and testing
Keywords: Industrial design, Smart Home, Health Monitoring System, Design, Interaction design, Product development.
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Sammanfattning
Projektet har genomförts i samarbete med Block Zero, en strategisk designstudio i Malmö, med syfte att utforma en produkt som utvecklar en ny typ av interaktion inom Smart Home.
Det här designprojektet kommer i första hand att fokusera på forskning, utforskning och definition av möjliga lösningar, och ett slutligt koncept i form av en Smart Home Health Hub. Dokumentet beskriver, ur ett globalt perspektiv, designprocessen från den inledande forskningen till den slutliga prototypen.
Projektet definieras utifrån detta tillvägagångssätt och fastställer principerna nämnda i projektet för att styra dess genomförande genom deduktiva metoder som leder fram till slutresultatet.
Metoder som används under projektet är: Double diamond, Gantt schema,
Funktionsanalys, Moodboard, Trendanalys och Konkurrentanalys, Brainstorming, CAD modellering, prototypande och testande.
Keywords: Industriell design, Smart Hem, Hälsoövervakningssystem, Design, Interaktionsdesign, Produktutveckling.
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Table of Contents
Abstract ... iii Sammanfattning ... iv Table of Contents ... v 1 Introduction ... 6 1.1 Background ... 6 1.2 Objectives ... 6 1.3 Delimitations ... 7 1.4 Disposition ... 7 2 Theoretical Background ... 8 2.1 Design ... 8 2.2 Design Thinking ... 8 2.3 Double diamond ... 8 2.4 Semantics ... 8 2.5 Semiotics ... 8 2.6 Human-centred Design ... 9 2.7 Ergonomics ... 9 2.7.1 Anthropometrics ... 9 2.7.2 Biomechanics ... 9 2.7.3 Psychology of perception... 9 2.8 Smart Home ... 102.9 Smart Home technology Interaction ... 10
2.10 User experience ... 10
2.11 Health Monitoring System... 10
2.11.1 Behavioral data ... 11 2.11.2 Physiological data ... 11 2.11.3 Environmental data ... 11 3 Method ... 12 3.1 Gantt Schedule ... 12 3.2 Design Brief... 12
3.3 Market Study & competitors ... 12
3.4 Functional Analysis ... 13
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3.6 Product Breakdown Structure ... 13
3.7 Moodboard ... 13 3.8 Ideation ... 13 3.8.1 Brainstorming ... 13 3.9 User Studies ... 13 3.9.1 Persona Method ... 13 3.9.2 Storyboard ... 14 3.9.3 Stakeholder map ... 14 3.9.4 Focus Group... 14 3.10 Scenario Study ... 14 3.11 Equaliser... 14
3.11.1 Positive, negative, interesting method ... 14
3.12 5 W’s method ... 14
3.13 Analog Sketching ... 15
3.14 Digital Sketching & Rendering ... 15
3.14.1 Sketchbook... 15 3.14.2 Photoshop ... 15 3.15 CAD Modelling ... 15 3.15.1 SOLIDWORKS ... 15 3.15.2 Keyshots Rendering ... 15 3.16 Physical Model ... 15 3.17 Clay Modelling ... 16 3.18 Mockup Prototyping ... 16 3.19 3D Printed Prototyping ... 16
3.20 Surface Finishing & Painting ... 16
4 Approach and Implementation ... 17
4.1 Startup ... 17
4.1.1 Project description & Approach ... 17
4.1.2 Planning of the project ... 17
4.1.3 Project Brief ... 17
4.2 Discover ... 17
4.2.1 Market Study ... 18
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4.2.3 Context Definition ... 20
4.2.4 Selection of Area of Focus - Equaliser ... 24
4.3 Definition... 25
4.3.1 Research on the topic ... 25
4.3.2 Concept & Service Definition ... 27
4.3.3 Context Situation & Output ... 30
4.3.4 Focus Group... 31
4.3.5 Concept Summary Definition ... 35
4.4 Develop ... 38
4.4.1 Sensors Segmentation ... 38
4.4.2 Functional Analysis ... 39
4.4.3 Formal Definition ... 41
4.4.4 Selection of Formal Direction ... 44
4.5 Deliver ... 45
4.5.1 Product Breakdown Definition ... 45
4.5.2 Ergonomic Study ... 46
4.5.3 Model exploration and testing ... 46
4.5.4 CAD modelling ... 48
4.5.5 Rendering ... 49
4.5.6 Physical Model making ... 49
5 Result ... 50
5.1 Adaption of the product to the research question: How does the future of the smart home looks like? ... 50
5.2 Definition... 51
5.2.1 What is the Smart Health Hub? ... 51
5.2.2 Who is the user? ... 52
5.2.3 What does the product do? ... 52
5.2.4 Product specifications ... 61
5.2.5 What parts have the product? ... 62
5.2.6 Ergonomics ... 63
5.3 Materials, Production & Assembly ... 64
5.4 Renders ... 65
6 Conclusion and discussion ... 66
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8 Figures ... 71 9 Attachments ... 72
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1 Introduction
Working in collaboration with Block Zero, a strategic Design Studio in Malmö, Sweden, the purpose of this thesis project is to design a product that develops a new type of interaction within the Smart Home. Smart Home, understood as an inclusive, two-way communication system between the house and its occupants. This design project will primarily focus on the research, exploration and definition of possible solutions, and the resulting design and development of the final product. The work will be carried out under Block Zero guidance and developed at Jönköping University. The duration of the project will be four months from February to May 2019, during the last semester of the Industrial Design Master.
Block Zero is a Swedish Strategic Design and innovation studio establish in Malmö. They collaborate with clients of all sizes, to envision, design and develop new products and services using emerging technology. They help clients find opportunities for
developing experiences, through UX research and trend analysis. Additionally, they work together to find innovative solutions for those opportunities, designing and prototyping concepts, before refining them into products and services of the future.
(Block Zero, 2019)
1.1
Background
The connected home is increasingly present in our lives, led by a new generation of smart speakers, connected light bulbs, smart locks and more. It has stopped being that
somewhat futuristic concept that perhaps we envision a couple of years ago, to be something that is getting closer and closer. This flourishing market, of which more and more companies are taking part, is presented as an excellent opportunity for the
development and the search for new solutions. The importance of the project lies in the search and satisfaction of those needs not covered by the inhabitants of the Smart-Home through the design of a new product.
Along with the execution of the project, and the consequent definition of the final design, the background will frame topics concerning the increasing interest of the population in health, wellbeing and healthy and active lifestyle.
1.2
Objectives
The project in collaboration with Block Zero includes the design of a Smart-Home device. The problem consists in meeting user needs that are not covered or adequately covered in the Smart-Home through a product that offers a new type of interaction. From a global perspective, the project has a focus on:
1st. Research and study to identify needs and problems. As well, consequent ideation and
definition of possible solutions, its evaluation, and concepts selection.
2nd. Concept evolution and development. Further definition and understanding of the
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3rd. Design and development of the selected concept. The project will conclude with a
full-scale model of the concept.
The project is defined in this approach and establishes the mentioned principles to guide the execution of the project through a deductive method, synthesising until the final result.
A research question is given to approach the project: -How does the future of Smart-Home devices look like?
With the consequent evolution of the project, another question will be solved: -How can we provide a Health monitoring system in the home?
1.3
Delimitations
As the main focus and interest of the project are the exploration and research study corresponding to the firsts steps of the work, the project seeks innovation and lacks constraints that could predefine the outcome of the design process. Despite this fact, the research and consequent output have to fit in the margins of the smart home and offer something innovative.
The UI design, the design of the internal components and the functional prototype are not included in the requirements of the project. They can be partially approached to increase the definition of the concept and to offer a more honest perspective of it. The report won’t approach the description of the used technologies, even so they will need to be currently in use in the market.
Concerning the development of the final concept, it will not include a functional prototype due to time constraints.
1.4
Disposition
The report approaches the design process making use of a deductive narrative that is guided and segmented in four main blocks of content. The first block is the Theoretical background that offers a solid literature the topic of study, increasing the knowledge of the reader. The second column of the report is centred in the methodology, all the tools and methods implemented to conduct the design process. Then, the approach and implementation where the description of the design process can be found. Finally, the report ends with the final result of the project. It is in this last part where are presented the conclusions and reflections.
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2 Theoretical Background
2.1
Design
According to Lawson B. (2006), the design is focusing on problem-solving to satisfy the real needs of the target user under its limitations and constraints. While, art, is considered by Lawson as an activity based on the individual inner artistic expression. At the same time, Ken Friedman (2000) points out how to design, as a relatively young practice, makes us human as it gives the tools to generate things that work under a specific goal.
The design is fundamental to provide an inner structure to the problem-solving process, offering a space where to use the tools that will frame the specific solution to the context of the study.
2.2
Design Thinking
Design thinking can be understood as a method that focuses on understanding and solving the real needs of users to generate innovative ideas.
Formosa (2012) formulates Design Thinking as is a new approach that contributes to the design practice facing problems relying on innovation and research.
2.3
Double diamond
Double Diamond is the name of a design process method developed by the British Design Council. According to the British Design Council (2005), the design process is constructed in four phases: discover, define, develop, deliver. In this process, the creative phase and definition process are iterative, developing, testing and refining the ideas in a cycle that constructs the basis of the good design.
2.4
Semantics
According to Klaus Krippendorff (1984) semantics studies the symbolic aspects of the shape under a cognitive and social context. This definition brings a user approach where the product and its interaction field is observed from its relationship with society. The design of a product conditions the communication with the user through its form expression, focusing on a context.
2.5
Semiotics
Semiotics is formulated by Rune Monö (1997) as the study of signs and sign systems and their structure, properties and role in socio-cultural behaviour. The studies of signs in the industrial design field help to define a path to communicate and express through the product to be interpreted and understood by the user.
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2.6
Human-centred Design
Human-centred design (HCD) states how technology should be adapted to society, not society to technology, creating tools that fit and are adapted into the needs of the user. Don Norman (2013) points out how human-centred design consider human needs, capabilities, and behaviour from a psychology approach to accommodate them through a technological one.
The basis for good Human-centered design is on the understanding of the elements to facilitate the best communication between machine and user.
2.7
Ergonomics
Ergonomics refer to the science that studies the workspace and its interaction with the user of that space during the activity. According to Erik Hollnagel (1997) ergonomics is supported on the knowledge of human abilities, limitations and characteristics that can be applied to the design of the work tool.
Ergonomics is constructed under the knowledge of three different and connected columns, Anthropometrics, biomechanics and cognitive perception or psychology of perception.
2.7.1 Anthropometrics
Anthropometry is the branch of the human sciences that deals with body
measurements: particularly with measurements of body measures, shape, strength and working capacity.
Stephen Pheasant (2003) describes Anthropometrics as a subdiscipline within ergonomics, matching the physical characteristics of the product or workspace with the physical characteristics of the user.
2.7.2 Biomechanics
Biomechanics is an important subdivision inside ergonomics that studies the physical effort and behaviour of the human body concerning a product.
Y.C.Fung (1993) approaches biomechanics as a knowledge that applies mechanics into human biology to enable design and improve the performance of the tool.
2.7.3 Psychology of perception
Rune Monö (1997) points out how the perception of an object varies depending on each. Each image received in the retina will receive a personal interpretation based on its personality and its previous experience. Besides, the same person can show different points of view depending on the situation.
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Psychology of the perception faces this fact looking for a common solution that satisfies picture of the main user of the product through its visual language and use experience.
2.8
Smart Home
During the past two years, Smart Home devices have experienced important growth and presence in the market. The literature on this topic is new and limited; research on this topic will bring new and different approaches during the upcoming years.
According to Aldrich (2003), the smart home is understood as a residence equipped with computing and information technology that ensures comfort, convenience, security and entertainment of the occupants through the control of this technology in all the space connected to this environment.
2.9
Smart Home technology Interaction
Developing the interaction between the occupiers of the Smart Home and its devices is the object of research. Nowadays, touch screens and voice assistants are part of our daily life.
C. Kühnel et al. (2011) support Smartphones as the perfect point to interact with the Smart Home as they are constantly increasing the number of sensors they contain facilitating the connection with other devices.
New technologies can offer a new point of view and a solution for this topic, bringing new ways of interacting with the Smart Home.
2.10 User experience
Marc Hassenzahl & Noam Tractinsky (2006) approaches User experience linking affect and emotion with the task and usability of the product within technology. This topic offers certain controversy for the individual and subjective character of the study, as it is right to affirm that the User experience can always be improved.
2.11 Health Monitoring System
(Haider Mshali, 2018) points out how “The success of Home Monitoring Systems lies in the ability to collect and process data to understanding a subject’s surroundings so that contextual services can be delivered to them.” A Smart Home Health Monitoring System needs to understand and define the Smart home context. To understand it, it needs to collect the data and interpret it.
Haider distinguishes three types of data: Behavioral, Physiological and Environmental. This data is collected through: home medical monitoring equipment, wearable devices, smartphones, standalone health and wellness devices, environmental and behaviour
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sensors distributed in the home or included in smart appliances and home medical monitoring equipment.
2.11.1 Behavioural data
Movement and location tracking. Routine, habits and mood recognition.
2.11.2 Physiological data
Control of vital signs (Heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation...)
2.11.3 Environmental data
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3 Method
The Double diamond methodology was followed during the present project. In this report, it is going to be presented the stages that were developed to fulfil the process expectations until the final result. Throughout the course or duration of these phases were selected some methods to obtain the necessary information to meet the design.
Figure 1 Double Diamond method (Picture from Design Council)
3.1
Gantt Schedule
This tool is used in project management to organise activities along the time. On the left of the chart there is a list of the activities, and along the top is a suitable time scale. Each activity planned to develop is represented by a bar; the position and length of the bar reflect the start date, duration and end date. (Gantt.com, 2018)
3.2
Design Brief
It is a document that shows an agreement of what the designer is going to hand the client. The design brief defines the design outcome and guides the design process. (Design Taylor, 2018)
3.3
Market Study & competitors
The main reason for doing a market study is increasing the understanding of what
surrounds the design product, to take strategic decisions to deal with the competitors, and looking for the differentiation. Another reason is knowing what strategy was taken to approach a problem before. (Hubspot, 2019)
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3.4
Functional Analysis
A function analysis segments and divides the functions of the product or service to facilitate its recognition. Function analysis is used for a better understanding of the products, differ between the different functions relating them to the values that the designer wants to express through the design and use it in the ideation phase exploring how functions can meet. (The industrial design engineering wiki, 2019)
3.5
Trend Study
The trend analysis allows the designer to develop ideas that fit into consumer needs and wishes. A good way of controlling the new trends is checking the new products produced from the companies of the area of interest. (My accounting course, 2016)
3.6
Product Breakdown Structure
This tool is handy to consider all the physical components of the product of the study. This method is applied over an already existing product, and it is disassembled into its different pieces to study them, offering information about its manufacturing and
assembly. The product breakdown is usually carried out using categories and subdivisions in different level of approach that provide a full view of the function and its relations. (Product Breakdown, 2017)
3.7
Moodboard
A moodboard is a physical or digital collage of images or other elements to express and define a formal design direction. The imageboard has the power to guide during the design and assist in creative decisions. (552 productions, 2015)
3.8
Ideation
3.8.1 Brainstorming
Brainstorming is an ideation method that is used during the generation of ideas. Some of the main ideas in what the brainstorming is based is not criticising the ideas, encouraging its production, construct over other ideas, and motivate to be unconventional. (Imind, 2013)
3.9
User Studies
3.9.1 Persona Method
This method describes a fictional character to help in the understanding of the user, trying to increase the knowledge concerning his preferences and needs. It describes the role the user plays in an environment. This method should be used creating different profiles to consider different points of view. This way is possible to create a realistic description that will contribute to finding new solutions, discovering new problems and approaching them through statistics. (Interaction Design Foundations)
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3.9.2 Storyboard
A storyboard makes use of a series of comic book-style frames to express the sequence of use or the interaction of different users with the product. Thanks to the storyboard are possible to visualise a concept from start to finish. (Designkit)
3.9.3 Stakeholder map
Stakeholder maps are used to define the relationship between the users and stakeholders that interact with the product. This analysis helps to understand the expectations, needs and relationships between the different parts. (UXDICT.IO)
3.9.4 Focus Group
Focus group is useful in market and user research to get a more in-depth insight into the needs, interests and behaviour of the stakeholders of the product. It consists of a group between 5 to ten people, a moderator and the participation of an observer. Answers and observations are recorded and noted for a posterior study. (International Design
Foundation)
3.10 Scenario Study
This method studies the interaction of the user with the context. The interest of this study is solving complex questions that affect the use of a product. This method can be
approached considering all the different elements that participate in the relation user-task.
3.11 Equaliser
3.11.1 Positive, negative, interesting method
This tool is used to evaluate the result of the ideation. During the ideation lot of ideas are generated, and as it was explained they are not supposed to be judged during this phase. Is this why this equaliser is used. This technique divides ideas into three different groups depending on their effectiveness facing problem-solving; positive, negative and interesting ideas. (Virtual library)
3.12 5 W’s method
According to (ISIXSIGMA, 2019), 5W’s (who, what, where, when, why, how) is a method of asking questions about a process or a problem. Four of the W’s (who, what, where, when) and the one H is used to comprehend for details, analyse inferences and judgment to get to the fundamental facts and guide statements to get to the abstraction. The last W (why) is often asked five times so that one can drill down to get to the core of a problem.
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3.13 Analog Sketching
Sketching is useful to visualise and communicate ideas. It is also used in formal and concept exploration. The strongest point of this tool comes when it is necessary to share an idea, trough sketching it is done fast and effectively.
3.14 Digital Sketching & Rendering
3.14.1 Sketchbook
During the project, this software from Autodesk was used to digital sketch and is defined
as: “A raster graphics software application intended for expressive drawing and concept
sketching. ” (Autodesk, 2019)
3.14.2 Photoshop
It is a photo editing software from Adobe described as a predominant photo editing and manipulation software on the market. Its uses range from the full-featured editing of large batches of photos to creating intricate digital paintings and drawings that simulate those done by hand. (IT Connect, 2019)
3.15 CAD Modelling
Computer Aided Design (CAD) is a tool used to explore and define a geometrically complex design. The use of this software is related to the following rendering. Usually, the model is created to facilitate its visualisation through rendering programs as Keyshots, avoiding the creation of a Physical model. (Techopedia, 2019)
3.15.1 SOLIDWORKS
Solidworks is defined as a solid modelling aided design (CAD) and computer-aided engineering (CAE) computer program that runs on Microsoft Windows. Dassault Systèmes publish SolidWorks. (SOLIDWORKS, 2019)
3.15.2 Keyshots Rendering
3D rendering software from Luxion explained as an advanced 3D rendering and animation software that simplifies the entire media creation process with an intuitive, streamlined user interface and a revolutionary animation workflow that allows the creation of fully rendered animations in real time. (Keyshots, 2019)
3.16 Physical Model
A physical model is a smaller or larger representation of an object to test its proportions, measures and ergonomics between others. It is crafted in a wide range of materials a paper, clay, foam or 3D printed. (The K12 Lab Wiki, 2019)
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3.17 Clay Modelling
Clay modelling is a physical modelling technique that uses clay to get a 3D representation of a product or a part of it. It can be used to explore the shape and proportions or check a part of the model in ergonomic aspects. This modelling technique is used to test, visualise and improve. (Sculpture House, 2019)
3.18 Mockup Prototyping
This physical model technique is used to check through paper, cardboard foam, clay or 3D prints between others, measures and proportions consuming less time in the creation process. It is used as the clay modelling to test, visualise and improve the concept from a formal point of view.
3.19 3D Printed Prototyping
3D-printing, additive manufacturing or rapid create volumetric solid objects from a digital file exported from CAD software. Nowadays, It is possible to print in a wide range of materials but plastic, like PLA, is one of the most common options. In general terms, these machines work by adding repetitive layers of material. (Stratasys, 2018)
3.20 Surface Finishing & Painting
Once we get, the 3D printed model is necessary to prepare the surface to be painted. Some of the tools used in this early step are sandpaper and filler. After getting a smooth surface, it is painted with a first layer to cover imperfections and painted with spray after that.
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4 Approach and Implementation
4.1
Startup
4.1.1 Project description & Approach
The thesis work started with the definition of the project description. The description of the project can be found in chapter 1. Introduction.
4.1.2 Planning of the project
At the beginning of the project the different tasks and activities to fulfil the work were planned with a Gantt schedule to adapt them to the estimated time of the project. The planning was including the previously defined milestones of every phase of the project as
well as the meetings that were going to be scheduled with Block Zero. For better
visualization check attachment 1.
Figure 2 Gantt chart
4.1.3 Project Brief
A project brief was developed once the thesis work was defined through the project description and planning. This document serves to make sure the project is clearly defined for the different parts: student, company and University. The initial project brief can be found in attachment 1.
4.2
Discover
The project is structured following the structure of the Double diamond method. The reason for choosing this methodology is due to the nature of the project. The main research question behind is: how does the future of the Smart home look like?. This
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research question offers to the project a wide range for the exploration during the first phase of the design. The double diamond method is characterised by the double
deductive process from general to concrete, from an exploration of ideas and concepts to the definition and development of the result of the conclusions of this process.
During the first phase of the design called discover is presented the first approach of the project, increasing the knowledge around the smart home and the needs of the
inhabitants. In this part, it is as well included an initial brainstorming to direct the focus over one specific topic of this broad field. This topic will be deeply explored, evolved and developed during the next phases of the methodology.
4.2.1 Market Study
The first step was initial Market research to increase the knowledge over the smart home field. The study was approached through literature review, and analysis and process of the information gathered. The Market study was crucial to approach the research question as it was offering a clear answer about the future trends of the smart home, necessary information to find a niche to focus during the next phases.
The conclusions from this study were mainly based on the literature review of the Smart Home Report 2019 (Statista, 2019).
4.2.1.1 Market Segmentation
According to (Statista, 2019), the Smart home market is divided into six different market segments: Control & connectivity, Security, Home entertainment, Smart Appliances, Comfort & Lightening and Energy management. As the project seeks for innovative a design, the final result is open to be included in one of these segments or try to explore a new potential segment not present in the current division of the market.
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4.2.1.2 Upcoming Trends in the Market
(Statista, 2019), points out how the market segments are changing and evolving, and some of them are likely to disappear. This opens the possibility for new segments to emerge. This is a brief of the different trends that Statista forecast in the upcoming years in the different segments:
Connectivity and control:
-Smart Home hubs & gateways that only exist for their connectivity function will disappear.
-Smart plugs are likely to disappear. All relevant devices will become smart/remote-controlled.
-The products of this segment will include multiple functionalities into single devices. -Smart speakers will give greater importance to touch screens compared to voice control, and it will increase its growth in the market.
Comfort and Lightening:
-Many customers first Smart home product will be bulbs in combination with the smart speaker.
-Integration of devices avoiding isolated functions.
-Window and door sensors will be a bridging technology similar to several other smart home products.
Smart Appliances:
-Smart appliances are expected to replace traditional devices within the regular replacement cycle.
-The interconnection of digital markets. -Increasing energy and cost efficiency. -Individualisation and pattern recognition.
Energy management:
-Future smart Energy Management solutions will be part of a broader integrated system. -While smart homes now focus on preserving energy, we can expect a shift towards energy storage and production as renewable energies will become inevitable.
-Integration of smart vehicles into the smart home.
Security:
-Focus on customer needs rather than technical features.
-Clear divisions between Smart home segments will blur. Products will be
highly integrable and multifunctional. The security and energy management segments will connect.
-Implementation of 5G.
Home Entertainment:
-Multi-room entertainment hardware will be an entry-level product for many smart home customers.
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-Smart speakers will start including smart assistants.
-Smartphones will become the main control devices for mirroring media content on other devices.
4.2.1.3 Conclusions of the market study
Some general conclusions represented in a great extent the result of the market study and were taken into account during the next part of the design process. The following
findings suppose a solid basis on the definition of the final concept:
-Smart-Home products will gather and integrate different functionalities into individual devices, avoiding isolated functions. That’s why Smart home will focus on satisfying more complex customer needs instead of offering individual technical features.
-Touch screen and voice controlled devices will increase its growth in the market. -Smart appliances are expected to replace traditional devices within the regular
replacement cycle. This means that we are moving into a smart home environment with a high number of sensors that will collect behaviour user data.
4.2.2 Concept Exploration
To approach the project, it was necessary to narrow down the Smart Home area to focus on a more specific topic. To generate new ideas in this field was essential to start defining the context that surrounds them, it is the users ( home inhabitants), space (smart home environment) and the needs that these users satisfy in this space. With this material, it was possible to generate diverse ideas and focus areas from where to choose a direction to explore in a deeper extent.
4.2.3 Context Definition
As it was pointed the context is defined through three different columns: Users, Home and Needs. The needs are understood as the nexus between users and the home space, the activities and interaction among the elements.
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4.2.3.1 User Definition
The users of the smart home are the families. It was essential to define and understand the family profile and its different members to ideate new products that could fit into their needs.
Persona Method
The persona method was used to define thirteen different profiles of users of the smart home. All of them were representing different ranges of age and had different interests and values. The different user profiles were possible to group in different families that were used during the ideation phase. Every profile was including a complete description of the user as well of their activity in relation with their family. The arrangement of
families was extracted from (SCB, 2018), a study about the type of households in Sweden.
Figure 4 Profile of Ebba
Moodboard
The persona method was complemented with a moodboard of the profile, and this way was easy to have a clear idea of the user during the ideation.
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4.2.3.2 Scenario Definition
To define the Smart Home scenario were taken into account two different perspectives, a flat in the centre and a house in the outskirt. Both spaces were creating two different lifestyles where to fit the families during the ideation process.
Figure 5 Scenario definition
Imageboards
Every room or space in the Smart home was represented through an imageboard. The imageboard was essential to keep in mind during the ideation all the elements present in the environment, as well as the activities developed in the space by the users.
Figure 6 Imageboards
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4.2.3.3 User Home Needs Definition
In the Smart home context, the families interact between them and with the space and the elements of the space satisfying their needs. These needs were reduced to sixteen blocks of content that can express any movement, interaction or activity of the user.
The segmentation was created taken into account the knowledge from different articles about Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs from (McLeod, 2007) and the study about health and
wellbeing at homes from UK Green Building Council (2016)
Segmentation of Needs
The different needs were divided into different blocks to assist during the ideation.
Figure 7 Segmantation of needs
Check attachment 4 for a better visualization of the image.
4.2.3.4 Ideation Method
Once the Home context was defined the ideation method proceded in the following way: 1- Selection of a user profile and its respective family profiles. Ex: Ebba
2- Selection of a home space of interest. Ex: Kitchen, flat in the centre.
3- Selection of a need that the user could satisfy in this context. Ex: Safety needs 4- Ideate about how Ebba can satisfy the safety needs in the kitchen.
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All the ideas were noted in post-it’s to continue with the selection of area of focus.
Figure 8 How can Ebba satisfy their needs - Example of the Generation of ideas
4.2.4 Selection of Area of Focus - Equaliser
The different ideas were evaluated with an equalizer, where they were divided into three different groups to facilitate the selection of a direction to continue:
Positive (+): Interesting ideas and with a high potential to be developed. Interesting (?): In this group were the ideas that have somewhat potential to be developed, but they are not fully defined to be considered.
Negative (-): Ideas that lack interest or possibility to be developed during the project. Once the different ideas were classified it was observed how in the “positive” and “interesting” groups there was an area of action that was predominant over the rest, this was ideas inside the field of smart home health.
It was decided to continue focusing on this area due to three main reasons: - The need to narrowing down the research area.
- The Smart-home health field is an area that lacks current development and is expected to grow during the upcoming years
- It opens a new segment in the market; this way, the outcome of the design process will be innovative.
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4.3
Definition
4.3.1 Research on the topic
Now that the area of focus is established, it is time to increase the knowledge in the Smart Home Health topic. Below are pointed the results of the literature review done during this phase.
4.3.1.1 Literature review
The connected home is increasingly present in our lives, and during the last years, we have seen how every time is more common the presence of smart technology around us. From smartphones to smartwatches and other smart devices that take place at our home, all of them offer personalised functions to increase our comfort, satisfy our curiosity, entertain us and track our activity to improve our performance.
According to (UKGBC, 2016), there is an interest growing in health and wellbeing. During the last years, people are starting to be more concerned than ever about their health and principally about how to improve it. They are interested in incorporating healthy habits in their daily life (adapt their diet, do exercise), improve their performance in certain activities, and understand their health condition to act in consequence.
Smartwatches (Fitbits, Applewatch…) and a great variety of smartphone apps (Samsung Health, Bixby…) are helping people to track themselves in areas that concern their health and wellbeing.
4.3.1.1.1 Data collection
(Haider Mshali, 2018) points how
“The success of Home Monitoring Systems lies inthe ability to collect and process data to understanding a subject’s surroundings so that
contextual services can be delivered to them.” To provide with a Smart Home Health Monitoring System, we will need to understand and define the Smart home context. To understand it, we will need to collect the data and interpret it. To configure a solid basis to offer a service Mshali says that the most important is to obtain qualitative and
quantitative data and analyze it, being this last part the most complicated of the process. Mshali distinguishes three types of data:
Behavioural data: Movement and location tracking. Routine, habits and mood
recognition.
E.g. The simple use of a smart coffee machine can provide information about its usage. Just knowing that it is in use implies that the user is safe. Or the use of a smart fridge, that can track our diet.
Physiological data: Control of vital signs (Heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen
saturation...)
Environmental Data: Health factors that affect the environment: temperature, humidity,
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All the sensors involved in the collection of data are specified in Develop, sensors
segmentation.
4.3.1.1.2 Existing scanning methods
Some products in the market as the “Samsung s9” are already including as a
function the vital sign finger scanner in their health app. This technology allows the
check out of some vital constants in few seconds as Hearth rate, temperature,
Stress and oxygen saturation in a non-intrusive way.
Other scanning technologies as Blood glucose (Diamontech), Hydration (onelvl)
and blood pressure (My bp lab) are getting developed in the market, and companies
are offering already products with their cutting edge technology.
The description of this technology is not covered in the report as was specified in
Delimitations.
Figure 9 Blood gloucose scanning technology example from Diamontech
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I decided to make use of this technology in the developed concept.
4.3.1.1.3 The centre of the smart home, the Hub
Google Home or Alexa Echo dot from Amazon is smart speakers that play the role of hubs or gateways for other devices. These devices ( Smart bulbs, smart appliances…) are connected to the hub to be controlled from a central point, where the gathered
information is interpreted. In this case, the concept will be the hub, the centre of the smart home health system, receiving the collected data from home medical monitoring equipment, wearable devices, smartphones, standalone health and wellness devices, and environmental and behaviour sensors.
4.3.1.2 Support Data
The following citations serve as a support for the concept, these facts represent a real need to fit the product in the specified context:
-“There is a growing interest in health and wellbeing” (UKGBC, 2016). The interest of the people on these topics offers a real chance to approach the problem from the smart home health perspective.
-“19.9 million shortage of healthcare workers by 2035” (World Health Organization, 2019).
The shortage of workers will possibly unchain more people trying to monitor and solve their health issues at home.
-“15.6% of people are avoiding Healthcare due to time constraints” (Taber JM, 2014) If people are avoiding healthcare due to time constraints possible, they need to be monitored on the go, as wearables do.
-“2 billion of the population aged 60 or older by 2050” (United Nations, 2019)
Considering this, and the upcoming shortage or healthcare workers, it could be affirmed that these people would need to monitor their health at home, making use of the new technologies.
4.3.2 Concept & Service Definition
With all the information gathered the concept was approached. During this phase, the concept evolved to a great extent. During the first steps, it is going to be presented the first view over the concept and how it changed through the process and the execution of the focus group at the end.
4.3.2.1 Problem Definition
The problem that will be solved during the upcoming part of the project is defined as: How can we provide a Health monitoring system in the home?
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4.3.2.2 An early approach
The first approach to solve the problem could be summarized as a “Health monitoring system to control the health of the individuals and their families in their home”. This early view of the concept was based on providing these families with daily and periodic e-health services to maintain their comfort and independence, diagnosing diseases, and monitoring their evolution along time.
This concept focused primarily on offering a health diagnosis and posterior monitoring of it. The centre of this service was a health hub placed at home that interprets the
behavioural, environmental and vital signs data from home sensors and wearables ( smart- watches). The health hub includes a vital sign scanner that offers an instant evaluation of different vital signs ( Hearth rate, temperature, hydration…).
Trough the hub was possible to monitor your own and family vital signs, follow your health record and receive healthcare assistance at home. The function of the hub was complemented by the use of smartphones or wearables, where it was possible to access the same information.
Figure 11 Health monitoring system
This early view of the concept was based on three main points:
1st Family control: Monitor, evaluate and understand daily family health condition. 2nd Health record: Observe health condition over time.
3rd Healthcare assistance: Offer healthcare assistance and advise where you are, and
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4.3.2.3 Stakeholder map
A Stakeholder map was developed to study the relation between the different members of the family and the healthcare system. The arrows show in what direction is possible to control and monitor the health in the system, been Ebba (user used as an example in figure
5 and 14), the centre of the stakeholder map.
This map shows in what extent privacy of the members of the family is compromised as third persons (parents, healthcare system) have access to individual information. The intrusiveness and lack of privacy are perceived as the main problem of the system.
Figure 12 Stakeholder map
4.3.2.4 User Journey Definition
As it was necessary to increase the knowledge of the concept and its area of influence, a storyboard and an output chart was developed. These activities helped to have a whole perspective of the product and continue with its definition.
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4.3.2.5 Storyboard
The storyboard offered an instant view of what the role was taking the Hub in the system and what was its area of interaction.
Figure 13 Storyboard
4.3.3 Context Situation & Output
Consequently, It was perceived how necessary it was to get into detail and define in what specific situations a service was offered and in what manner.
The next chart collects sixteen different context situations of daily life where the user profiles defined during the ideation phase take a role. Over these specific situations, the sensors involved and the home segment to what they pertain are indicated. In the next column it is specified how this situation is approached, what output the user receives in general, and more particularly, though the interface of the hub, smartphone or
smartwatch.
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4.3.4 Focus Group
The focus group was carried out to narrow down the context situations where the product was interacting and adapt the output to the concerns and preferences of the people. In the focus group were evaluated the context situations and outputs created during the previous phase.
4.3.4.1 Approach
In the focus group took part six participants of different nationalities and aged between 20 and 35 years. The participants were asked to discuss ten different topics and evaluate their output concerning the value, privacy and control involved.
I was responsible for guiding the discussion and noting the outcome of the focus group. The entire process was recorded for their posterior analysis.
4.3.4.2 Arrangement
Every participant had a booklet with ten context situations and their output service. All the participants were introduced to the topic at the same time, and the conversation was generated between them about their concerns and preferences around the topic, having a special focus on privacy and control. The last question “Would you like to be provided with this service?” was to clarify their opinion and check test their attention.
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Figure 15 Focus group test
The ten different context situation was played by six different characters selected from the user profiles previously designed. The stereotyped characters were presented to the participants in order; they had a clear idea of the type of user approaching the context situations.
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A figurative map of the city and the house were in the centre of the table to facilitate the understanding. The characters that were participating in the situation were set in the respective place in the map.
Check attachment 6 for all the material created for the focus group.
4.3.4.3 Conclusions
Every context and output presented was representative of a bigger topic, to get a specific answer from every situation of study.
All the notes, record and the answers to the questions were studied to get individual conclusions to the situations presented and generalised to the final conclusions of the focus group.
The documents used, as well as the individual conclusions from that question, and the general conclusions can be found in attachment 7.
Below are presented the general conclusions extracted from the focus group. Every title shows the area of study:
Residents location tracking
-People are less concerned about being tracked in situations where their life is in danger if that can prevent a problem, or offer tranquillity to some members of the family in specific circumstances.
-People would be interested in tracking their kids in specific situations to bring tranquillity and to know if they made out safely.
-People think their privacy is highly compromised. They would like to give consent for every situation individually.
Household appliances activity control
-People agree that this service shouldn’t be used to control
-People agree that this service shouldn’t be used to control people between them. They think this service is useful in case of a home emergency or dangerous situation.
-People think that data from home appliances could be used to provide information about efficiency, energy management and other aspects not related to their own control.
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-People find it very useful and convenient in areas like security and efficiency. They seem more resistant to move into behaviour monitoring, but they agree that that could bring helpfully advises and home appliance reminders related to the service.
Environment monitoring
-People agree that the control automatic or not of the environment provided from the collected data is useful and beneficial for the user.
Control of the elderly
-People agreed that it could be useful if the service could tell the family in case there was a health
problem that could be solved going to the doctor. Referring to a context where the elder is partially dependent.
-People pointed out how they would prefer an emergency system to know about the problem before them and act consequently.
-Seniors have to give consent to the family in case they want to monitor their health. And decide who will have access to that information.
Childhood (5 years old) health monitoring
-People agreed that it is not necessary to monitor constantly the health of the kids as they cannot use this data and parents could not be prepared to manage it. Healthcare system should take care of it.
Childhood (9 years old) health monitoring
-People agree that individual sickness situation would be useful, but they are concerned if in daily use all this information could be managed wrong and bring problems.
-People pointed out how in the case that if a kid is using the service, the parents should have access to it. But, from a certain age, kids should give consent to parents in certain situations if they desire.
Personal health monitoring
-People agree that monitoring their health is valuable because it could prevent or avoid health problems. As well as to understand themselves better.
-People are concerned about being judged by following not healthy behaviours, feeling controlled for them and trying to be corrected.
-People are concerned about the use of their data by health insurances or work companies.
Some people pointed out how they would prefer, not knowing about it as they think that modify their current behaviour would affect them to a greater extent. Some people would like to be advised to prevent the problem if it is possible to do it modifying their
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-People agree that in the case of Diabetes and other disorders, health monitoring would be beneficial to follow the track over the vital signs and apply changes in the behaviour following personalised advice.
-People agreed that they wouldn’t feel confident trusting in a phone app telling them they have
a disease.
Use of health record data
-People pointed out how they wouldn’t like to share their health record as that attempts against their privacy and how it would bring up discrimination.
-People would feel more confident sharing some data with a healthcare system in case that can help to provide the most accurate or fast service.
The role of medication
-People think that nither a kid or an adult should be recommended a medication, in case it is necessary the system could recommend meeting a doctor. People agree that the service should be more directed into easy understanding advises that could bring a healthier lifestyle.
Feedback on personal health monitoring
-People pointed out how feedback shouldn’t be restrictive. They should be personalised advises that help you to take your healthy habits to another level or just a series of tricks and reminders concerning your health and behaviour.
4.3.5 Concept Summary Definition
The focus group was the key to understand and imitate the service offered by the product. 5w’s method was used to define the health monitoring service as well as the smart home health hub. The product and its functions will be presented with more detail in the result.
4.3.5.1 The 5 W’s method-Health monitoring service definition What does the service do?
The service monitors the health of individuals and families providing daily and periodic e-health services to maintain their comfort, wellbeing.
Who will use the service?
The service will be used by individuals and families that have an interest in incorporating healthy habits in their daily life, improve their performance in certain activities, and monitor and understand their health condition to act in consequence.
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The service will be used continuously along time and will adapt to the daily activity and needs of the users going through situations of active and passive interaction, while the system keeps collecting and interpreting information.
Where will the people use the service?
The service will be where the user is. The interaction with the system is triggered through the interface of wearables like smartwatches, smartphones and smart home devices. These wearable devices in conjunction with other home sensors provide with the environmental, physiological and behavioural data, necessary to define the user context. A central Hub ubicated at home, processes and interprets all the gathered data.
Why will people use the service?
People will use the service because they are interested in following a healthy lifestyle and they are concerned about their health condition. And because It provides with
personalised and real-time service to face their specific health and wellbeing needs exactly where they are.
4.3.5.2 The 5 W’s Product definition, Smarthome Health Hub What is the product?
The product is a Smarthome Health hub, also understood as a home health gateway. This device uses wireless connectivity to collect information from diverse sources: home medical monitoring equipment, wearable
devices, smartphones, standalone health and wellness devices, and environmental and behaviour sensors
Distributed in the home or included in smart appliances. The product includes a smart speaker and vital signs (heart rate, blood glucose, temperature, hydration, oxygen saturation, blood pressure and stress) finger scanner. It allows users to use voice
command, and a touchscreen interface to interact with the services of a personal health assistant. This device constitutes the heart of a Health Monitoring System, while the service is provided together through other devices like smartphones and smartwatches. What does the product do?
The product is a Smart Home Health hub that process and interprets contextual information from the home environment and individual and family vital signs and
behaviour to offer a health monitoring service. The functions that the product cover are: - Interpretation of collected data to identify contextual factors that can determine the “health” situation of the user and provide him with a response in the way of advice, alarm, information or assistance.
- It offers a fast and complete check out of vital signs at home.
- It offers the control and management of those environmental factors that define the home, as well as the analysis and understanding of the information related to one’s health.
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Who will use the product?
The service will be used by individuals and families that have an interest in incorporating healthy habits in their daily life, improve their performance in certain activities, and monitor and understand their health condition to act in consequence.
The target group are healthy families living in a smart home with interest and concern in knowing more about their health and applying changes to improve their daily
performance. This user tends to avoid healthcare assistance due to time constraints. When will the product be used?
The product assumes a situation where the smart home has great development and importance in terms of smart-appliances and technologies. This development is expected to happen gradually over the next ten years.
The residents of the Smart home will use this platform individually every time they want to check their vital signs from home, analyse the factors that concern the home
environment and manage changes. The platform will provide near users with real-time notifications with personalised information, advice, recommendations, reminders and alarms.
Where will the product be set?
The product is fulfilling its function in the smart home. The smart home has sensors that collect psychological, behavioural and environmental data to provide personalised service to the user.
The product occupies the centre of the home, the living room, where residents spend most of their time.
Where will the people use the product?
The product is planned to be used where it is placed. But depending on the needs of the users, it could bring the possibility of moving it the required place without complications. Why will people use the product?
People will use the product because monitoring their health could prevent health problems, and provide them with useful information about themselves. It will be beneficial to follow the track of the vital signs and apply changes in the behaviour following personalised advice. All this will provide them with security, tranquillity and knowledge that will contribute to more efficient healthcare insurance, reducing the unnecessary assistance, and focusing it at home.
Why is the product an important piece of the service?
The product constitutes an important piece of the service as it is the central gateway or hub, where all the
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gathered information is processed, interpreted and where the response is developed. It brings the opportunity to control the environmental factors concerning the behaviour and physiological situation of the members of the smart home.
It offers an instant check out of the vital signs of the user at home, incorporating into the service users without wearables.
4.4
Develop
During this phase are furtherly explored potential solutions to the conceptual problem. Some new knowledge is incorporated too, to facilitate the definition of the concepts.
4.4.1 Sensors Segmentation
Taking as a basis the Smart Home sensors classification presented by (Amiribesheli, 2015), it was developed a chart where every sensor is directly related to their purpose and activity involved in the health monitoring service. This chart offers a clear view of how the behavioural, environmental and vital sign data is collected and the output generated.
Check attachment 8 for easier visualisation of the chart.
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4.4.2 Functional Analysis
To increase the understanding of the health hub and the role it develops two functional analysis were developed.
4.4.2.1 Multilayered-Functional Analysis of the service
The functional analysis of the service is constructed around its main function: “provide a monitoring health service”. This function is reached through four different layers of study: the physical space, the communication layer, the information processing & storage layer and the interface. These four layers constitute according to (Dorin Popescu, 2018) the multilayered functional analysis.
Check attachment 9 for easier visualisation of the image.
Figure 19 Multi-Layered functional analysis of the service
4.4.2.2 Functional Analysis of the product
Other two functional analysis was developed to describe the functions of the smart home health hub. In this segmentation can be observed next to the function, the feedback that the product is offering ( sound, light, voice or screen interface). The difference between them is that the first one shows a product without a screen.
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The idea of representing two different products comes from the possibility of creating both options: one that will base its interaction on a screen interface and others that will develop its main functions without it.
It was decided to develop the option with a screen.
Figure 21 Functional analysis with screen
Check attachment 10 for an easier view of the Functional analysis.
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4.4.3 Formal Definition
Once the concept was defined, it was the moment to get into a formal exploration and assign the convenient aesthetic to the product to fit in the home space and express its nature.
4.4.3.1 Moodboards
The following moodboards were developed to define the formal appearance of the smart home health hub. Below you can find a description of the moodboards:
Moodboard-Health
The products taken into account are from “iHealth”. Colours used are white with a blue or green light. Shapes are soft and geometrical based. Products are not perceived as aggressive. Products feel hygienic and clean and sometimes
perceived as hospital devices. The health hub has to avoid that feeling.
Moodboard-Home
The product has to fit into the home environment. As every home is different has to shape and colour have to be adapted to don’t call the attention unnecessarily.
The product will be placed in the living room, the centre of the smart-home.
Moodboard-Smart
The product has to fit into the smart category. The smart home products are based on simple volumes, usually
combining no-colours (white, black, grey) with light detail in blue (mainly).
The main body of the product is plastic and is used in contrast with the fabric of the loudspeaker.
Figure 22 Moodboard health - Images from ihealth
Figure 23 Moodboard home - Images from ihealth and Ikea
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Moodboard-Color
The product is going to be of white plastic and will use grey fabric to create contrast. White is related to pure, clean and the ideas of health products. The blue light is perceived as technological and futuristic.
Moodboard-Shape
The shapes of the health hub will be soft and geometrical with slow transitions in the curves. The use of individual and simple split lines will define the product. The shape will be directly related to function. The light could be used as a notification in gradient.
Moodboard-Material
The main material will be soft textured plastic (ABS, or PVC).
Loudspeaker fabric is the second accent material, and rubber is used for the base or details.
Figure 25 Moodboard Color
Figure 26 Moodboard shape
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4.4.3.2 Sketching
Taking into account the moodboards and the physical features from the functional analysis, different concepts are presented. The concepts represent two directions, one with screen and other without it. All of them include the vital sign scanner pad.
Concept 1
The screen in angle. Vital sign scanner pad related to the light panel. Loudspeaker fabric.
Concept 2
The screen on the surface. Vital sign scanner next to the screen. Loudspeaker fabric.
Concept 3
The screen in angle. Vital sign scanner in the screen. Loudspeaker fabric.
Concept 4
No screen. Vital sign scanner related to the light, intuitive position. Loudspeaker fabric.
Concept 5
The screen in angle. Vital sign scanner in screen related with the light panel.
Loudspeaker fabric.
Charger base allowing movement.
Figure 28 Concept 1
Figure 29 Concept 2
Figure 30 Concept 3
Figure 31 Concept 4
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4.4.4 Selection of Formal Direction
To continue with the delivery phase, a formal direction was selected. Concept 4 and 5 were the ones that felt more intuitive and aesthetically interesting. Furthermore, from an ergonomic approach, they were offering a more solid path to continue as it will be explained onwards. It was decided to continue exploring them further.
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4.5
Deliver
During this phase, it is presented the final stage of definition of the Smart home health hub as well as the result of the CAD and physical modelling and rendering.
4.5.1 Product Breakdown Definition
To understand and to have a whole view of the product, taking into account the internal
components an Alexa Echo Dot 3rd generation was dismantled. The different elements
were listed and studied. This information was used during the CAD modelling and building and arranging the internal components.
The disassembly of the model was complemented with the knowledge from Predictable Designs (Predictable Designs, 2018).
Figure 33 Product Breakdown
Components:
1/ Physical external parts:
1/Non-slip silicone pad
2/ Top piece – It has a spring system for the buttons – LED plastic together 3/ Bottom piece - Single piece- injection moulded- Polycarbonate
2/ Physical internal components:
1/ Speaker- custom
2/ Speaker embedded in a custom plastic enclosure to amplify sound. 3/ Metal weight: This metal weight makes the Dot feel of a higher quality and prevents audio vibrations -Diecast of molten metals.
4/ Rubber bands: to prevent audio induced vibrations 5/ Spacer ring: used between the two printed circuit boards.
3/ Electronic components:
1/ Two separated printed boards:
1/ Microphone board, It has two sides:
1/ Top one: Four dome tactile switches, two LEDs and a light sensor.
2/ Bottom one: Board with seven microphones, RGB LEDs, 4 Analog-to-Digital converters, and LED driver.
