EUROPEAN COLLEGE OF SPORT SCIENCE
24
th- 27
thJune 2015, Malmö – Sweden
BOOK OF ABSTRACTS
Edited by:
Radmann, A., Hedenborg, S., Tsolakidis, E.
Hosted by the:
Malmö University, Lund University & Copenhagen University
European College of Sport Science:
Book of Abstracts of the 20th
Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science – 24th
- 27th
June 2015, Malmö – Sweden. Edited by Radmann, A., Hedenborg, S., Tsolakidis, E.
ISBN 978-91-7104-567-6
Copyright by European College of Sport Science
Conception, DTP: SporTools GmbH – Data management in sports Corrections: Patera, N., Tsolakidis, K.
Feldblumenweg 26, 50858 Cologne, Germany www.SporTools.de
Congress Presidents
–
Aage Radmann (SWE)
–
Susanna Hedenborg (SWE)
ECSS Executive Board
–
Marco Narici - President (GBR)
–
Sigmund Loland – Past President (NOR)
–
Tim Cable – President Elect (GBR)
–
Joan Duda (GBR)
–
Stephen Seiler (NOR)
–
Gisela Sjøgaard (DEN)
ECSS Scientific Board
–
Anton Wagenmakers - Chair (GBR)
–
Flemming Dela - Co-Chair (DEN)
–
Jan Cabri - Secretary (NOR)
–
Paul Greenhaff (GBR)
–
Martin Halle (GER)
–
Susanna Hedenborg (SWE)
–
Luc van Loon (NED)
–
Jose Antonio Lopez Calbet (ESP)
–
Abigail Louise Mackey-Sennels (DEN)
–
Erich Müller (AUT)
–
Nicole Wenderoth (SUI)
ECSS Scientific Committee
–
Natalia Balague (ESP)
–
Wilhelm Bloch (GER)
–
Annalisa Cogo (ITA)
–
Wim Derave (BEL)
–
Peter Federolf (NOR)
–
Taija Finni (FIN)
–
Daniel Green, FECSS (GBR)
–
Michael Grey (GBR)
–
Markus Gruber (GER)
–
Jørn Wulff Helge (DEN)
–
Ylva Hellsten (DEN)
–
Pierre-Nicolas Lemyre, (NOR)
–
Johannes van Lieshout, (NED)
–
Mike McNamee, FECSS (GBR)
–
Maria Francesca Piacentini (ITA)
–
Afroditi Stathi (GBR)
–
Cecilie Thogersen-Ntoumani (AUS)
–
Janice L. Thompson (GBR)
ECSS Office
–
Thomas Delaveaux (GER)
–
Elias Tsolakidis (GRE)
–
Steffen Neubert (GER)
–
Juliane Melber (GER)
Organizing Committee
–
Jan-Eric Ekberg (SWE)
–
Per Eriksson (SWE)
–
Jenny Damgaard (SWE)
–
Christopher Johansson (SWE)
–
Annika Larsson (SWE)
–
Mikaela Färnqvist (SWE)
–
Joakim Åkesson (SWE)
Chairs Local Scientific Committee
–
Susanna Hedenborg (SWE)
Biomechanics and Neurology
–
Anna Maria Drake (SWE)
Physiology and Sport Medicine
–
Jens Bangsbo (DEN)
Social Sciences and Humanities
–
Aage Radmann (SWE)
Local Scientific Committee
–
Eva Ageberg (SWE)
–
Bo Carlsson (SWE)
–
Urban Johnson (SWE)
–
Tomas Peterson (SWE)
–
Gertrud Pfister (DEN)
–
Per Nilsson (SWE)
–
Johan Norberg (SWE)
–
Jens Bangsbo (DEN)
–
Nikolai Nordsborg (DEN)
–
Ingrid Svensson (SWE)
–
Aage Radmann (SWE)
Additional reviewers
–
Ingrid Svensson (SWE)
–
Andreas Jacobsson (SWE)
–
Anna Maria Drake (SWE)
–
Åsa Tornberg (SWE)
–
Birgitte Høier (DEN)
–
Elisabeth Apelmo (SWE)
–
Eva Ageberg (SWE)
–
Eva Horneij (SWE)
–
Frida Eek (SWE)
–
Gerald Gems (USA)
–
Hanna Isaksson (SWE)
–
Hans Hoppeler (SUI)
–
Henrik Gustavsson (SWE)
–
Ingegerd Ericsson (SWE)
–
Ingrid Svensson (SWE)
–
Jan Lexell (SWE)
–
Jan-Eric Ekberg (SWE)
–
Jenny Wikman (SWE)
–
Jesper Fundberg (SWE)
–
Jesper Lövind Andersen (DEN)
–
Jesper Lundbye Jensen (DEN)
–
Joakim Åkesson (SWE)
–
Jyri Backman (SWE)
–
Karin Book (SWE)
–
Kutte Jönsson (SWE)
–
Lars Holm (DEN)
–
Lasse Christiansen (DEN)
–
Lasse Gliemann Hybholdt (DEN)
–
Mark Andersen (SWE)
–
Michael Nyberg (DEN)
–
Mikael Londos (SWE)
–
Mogens Theisen Pedersen (DEN)
–
Natalia Stambulova (SWE)
–
Per Wollmer (SWE)
–
Peter Magnusson (DEN)
–
Peter Møller Christensen (DEN)
–
Richard Thomas (DEN)
–
Simon Graner (SWE)
–
Sofia Bunke (SWE)
–
Stephen Fritzdorf (SWE)
–
Svend Sparre Gertsen (DEN)
–
Sverker Fryklund (SWE)
–
Torbjörn Andersson (SWE)
–
Torsten Buhre (SWE)
–
Wade Knez (SWE)
Head of Volunteers
Welcome
On behalf of the Department of Sport Science, Malmö University, Sweden, the Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Sweden, and the Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sport, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, it is our pleasure to invite you to attend the 20th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science – ECSS Malmö 2015.
The multidisciplinary ECSS Congress will be celebrating its 20th anniversary. The 2015 congress theme of Sustainable Sport will permeate the academic programme as well as the arrangements: the three universities co-hosting the event all emphasis sustainability
In education and research, and will work together with the City of Malmö, a fair trade city, to make ECSS 2015 a sustainable sport con-gress.
The ECSS congress especially emphasises exchange of knowledge through oral and mini-oral presentations, and we are convinced that all attendees will find interesting topics and participate in creating new knowledge within the broad field of Sport Sciences. Once again, the Young Investigators Award will be one of the highlights of the congress.
We look forward to seeing you all in Malmö and the Öresund Region, an area with tremendous social, political, and economic potential in the area of sustainability. Together, we will create an outstanding congress, where we shall develop the broad perspective of sustain-able sport.
ORGANISATION ... 3
WELCOME ... 8
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 24TH, 2015 ... 17
13:00-14:00 ... 17
MO-PM01 TRAINING & TESTING ... 17
OP-PM76 GSSI NUTRITION AWARD ... 19
OP-PM77 ASPETAR EXCELLENCE IN FOOTBALL AWARD ... 22
OP-BN13 COACHING: TEAM SPORT I ... 23
MO-BN01 MOTOR LEARNING & BIOMECHANICS ... 25
MO-PM03 MUSCLE, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY ... 28
MO-SH01 SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES IN SPORT ... 30
MO-SH04 PSYCHOLOGY I ... 32
MO-PM07 ADAPTED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY: CHALLENGES ... 35
MO-BN04 MIXED ... 37
MO-PM06 ADAPTED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY: SPORT & DISABILITY ... 38
MO-PM11 HEALTH & FITNESS: AGE ... 40
MO-BN06 COACHING: MIXED SESSION ... 44
MO-SH02 PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND PEDAGOGICS I ... 47
14:00-15:00 ... 49
MO-PM02 NUTRITION, TRAINING ADAPTATION AND PERFORMANCE ... 49
MO-BN03 KINEMATICS ... 52
MO-PM05 OXYGEN TRANSPORT, VO2MAX AND ENERGY EXPENDITURE ... 55
MO-SH06 PHILOSOPHY & ETHICS ... 57
MO-SH05 PSYCHOLOGY II... 59
MO-PM08 ADAPTED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY: DISABILITIES ... 61
MO-BN05 MOTOR LEARNING ... 63
MO-PM10 ADAPTED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY: NUTRITION ... 66
MO-PM12 HEALTH & FITNESS: AGEING, GENDER, STRENGTH ... 69
MO-BN07 COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENTS AND FATIQUE DURING EXERCISE ... 73
MO-SH03 PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND PEDAGOGICS II ... 77
15:00-16:30 ... 79
IS-PM02 THE BENGT SALTIN TRIBUTE SYMPOSIUM ... 79
IS-PM10 THE ATHLETE’S BIOLOGICAL PASSPORT – WHAT’S THE STATUS? * ... 81
IS-PM06 SKELETAL MUSCLE ADAPTATIONS TO ENDURANCE TRAINING: IS TISSUE HYPOXIA THE MAIN SIGNAL? ... 82
OP-PM02 HEALTH, TRAINING & PERFORMANCE ... 82
IS-BN04 QUALITY OF MOVEMENTS – MORE THAN MEETS THE EYE?... 85
IS-BN06 TENDON ADAPTATION ... 86
IS-SH01 FEPSAC SYMPOSIUM - THE DEVELOPMENT OF EXPERTISE AND COMPETENCIES OF APPLIED SPORT PSYCHOLOGISTS IN EUROPE ... 87
OP-PM05 MUSCLE METABOLISM & NITRATE INGESTION ... 89
OP-BN01 NEUROMUSCULAR CONTROL ... 91
OP-PM36 SPORTS MEDICINE & TECHNOLOGY ... 93
OP-PM35 SPORT TECHNOLOGY: MIXED SESSION ... 96
OP-SH05 PSYCHOLOGY (PHYSICAL EXERCISE, FOOTBALL PERFORMANCE) ... 97
OP-SH01 SPORTS PEDAGOGY AND HISTORY ... 99
16:45-18:00 ... 102
PS-PL01 CHANCES AND CHALLENGES FOR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND LEARNING - SUSTAINABLE MOVEMENTS AND MOVEMENT CULTURES ... 102
THURSDAY, JUNE 25TH, 2015 ... 103
08:30-10:00 ... 103
OP-PM63 NUTRITION: FAT, GLUCOSE AND METABOLISM ... 103
OP-PM06 TRAINING INDUCED ADAPTATION ... 104
OP-PM01 SPORTS MEDICINE ... 107
OP-PM03 EXCERCISE METABOLISM, MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION AND BODY COMPOSITION ... 109
OP-PM61 HEALTH & FITNESS: AGE III ... 111
OP-BN14 COACHING: TEAM SPORT II ... 114
OP-SH02 SPORT PSYCHOLOGY AND MOTOR/COGNITIVE FUNCTION ... 116
OP-SH03 SPORT MANAGEMENT (SUSTAINABILITY AND SPPORT EVENTS) ... 118
OP-PM19 PHYSIOLOGY: FATIQUE, MUSCLE DAMAGE & REPAIR ... 120
OP-PM11 THERMOREGULATION I ... 122
OP-PM26 PHYSIOLOGY: BRAIN ... 124
OP-BN12 MUSCOLOSKELETAL & FATIGUE ... 126
OP-SH04 PHYSICAL EDUCATION & PEDAGOGICS (CHILDREN IN SPORT) ... 128
10:20-11:50 ... 131
IS-PM12 THE IMPACT OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTION IN LIFESTYLE RELATED DISEASE * ... 131
IS-PM01 SPORTS NUTRITION EXCHANGE: ADVANCES IN THE APPLICATION OF SCIENCE IN THE SPORTING ENVIRONMENT SPONSORED BY GSSI... 132
OP-PM07 CARBOHYDRATE AND PERFORMANCE ... 133
OP-PM04 ADAPTATION AND MOVEMENT ANALYSIS ... 135
IS-BN10 LATERALITY IN LOCOMOTION AND SPORT SPONSORED BY ADIDAS ... 137
IS-BN09 RATE OF FORCE DEVELOPMENT: NEW IDEAS ON MEASUREMENT, MECHANISMS AND TRAINABILITY ... 138
IS-SH06 SPORT AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN LATER LIFE ... 139
IS-SH05 GOOD GOVERNANCE IN SPORTS ... 140
OP-PM20 PHYSIOLOGY: MUSCLE METABOLISM, INTERVAL TRAINING ... 141
OP-BN02 MOTOR LEARNING ... 143
OP-PM12 THERMOREGULATION II ... 146
OP-PM49 TRAINING & TESTING: AGE & CLINICAL ... 148
OP-BN03 SWIMMING, JUMPING & SQUATTING, COORDINATION ... 150
OP-SH15 PHYSICAL EDUCATION & PEDAGOGICS I ... 152
12:00-13:15 ... 154
PS-PL02 FROM THE CRADLE TO THE GRAVE - SPORT AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY FOR A SUSTAINABLE BODY ... 154
MO-PM15 HEALTH & FITNESS: MIXED SESSION ... 158
MO-PM17 PHYSIOLOGY: ENDURANCE ... 162
MO-PM19 PHYSIOLOGY: THERMOREGULATION, FATIQUE ... 165
MO-PM21 PHYSIOLOGY: ENERGY METABOLISM ... 168
MO-PM23 PHYSIOLOGY: MIXED SESSION ... 170
MO-SH12 SOCIAL SCIENCE AND SPORT ... 173
MO-SH07 SPORT MANAGEMENT ... 177
MO-PM25 REHABILITATION AND PHYSIOTHERAPY: PHYSIOTHERAPY/OSTEOPATHY ... 178
MO-PM27 SPORTS MEDICINE AND ORTHOPEDICS: ORTHOPEDICS ... 181
MO-PM45 REAL LIFE THREATS TO SPORT PERFORMANCE ... 185
MO-PM31 MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY: MOLECULAR SIGNALING/RESPONSE ... 187
MO-PM33 NEUROMUSCULAR PHYSIOLOGY: FATIQUE... 189
MO-SH10 SPORTS STATISTICS & ANALYSIS I ... 193
15:00-16:00 ... 196
MO-PM14 HEALTH & FITNESS: CHILDREN, TEAM SPORTS ... 196
MO-PM16 PHYSIOLOGY: STRENGTH ... 198
MO-PM18 PHYSIOLOGY: MIXED SESSION I ... 202
MO-PM20 PHYSIOLOGY: MUSCLE DAMAGE, HYPOXIA ... 205
MO-PM22 PHYSIOLOGY: CARDIOVASULAR PHYSIOLOGY ... 207
MO-PM24 PHYSIOLOGY: MIXED SESSION ... 209
MO-SH13 SOCIOLOGY/SPORT MANAGEMENT II ... 213
MO-SH08 SOCIOLOGY/SPORT MANAGEMENT I ... 215
MO-PM26 REHABILITATION AND PHYSIOTHERAPY: ORTHOPEDIC REHABILITATION ... 217
MO-PM28 SPORTS MEDICINE AND ORTHOPEDICS: MIXED SESSION I ... 220
MO-PM30 SPORTS MEDICINE AND ORTHOPEDICS: GENDER ... 223
MO-PM32 SPORT TECHNOLOGY ... 226
MO-PM34 NEUROMUSCULAR PHYSIOLOGY: COORDINATION ... 228
MO-SH11 SPORTS STATISTICS & ANALYSIS II ... 232
16:20-17:50... 235
IS-PM09 PERFORMANCE AND TRAINING OF THE TOP-ATHLETE * ... 235
IS-PM13 SKELETAL MUSCLE LIPOTOXICITY; SHOULD WE BE INTERESTED? ... 235
OP-BN16 COACHING: MIXED SESSION II ... 236
OP-PM13 PHYSIOLOGY: ENDURANCE ... 238
IS-BN05 PERFORMING WHEN GETTING OLDER: ALTERATIONS AND PLASTICITY OF THE AGEING NEUROMUSCULAR SYSTEM ... 240
IS-BN07 INTEGRATIVE APPROACH OF MUSCLE FATIGUE IN 2015 - SPONSORED BY THE PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY ... 241
IS-SH10 URBAN SPORT LANDSCAPES ... 242
IS-SH08 CHILDRENS RIGHTS IN SPORT ... 243
OP-PM21 PHYSIOLOGY: RESPIRATION ... 243
OP-BN04 RUNNING ... 245
OP-PM40 TRAINING & TESTING: STRENGTH I ... 247
OP-PM54 HEALTH & FITNESS: LIFESTYLE III ... 249
OP-SH06 PSYCHOLOGY (SELF-DETERMINATION) ... 251
18:00-19:30 ... 254
OP-PM64 NUTRITION: AMINO ACIDS AND PROTEINS ... 254
OP-PM30 SPORTS MEDICINE & ORTHOPEDICS: PHYSIOTHERAPY I ... 256
OP-PM10 PHYSIOLOGY: AGE II ... 258
OP-PM14 PHYSIOLOGY: INTERVAL TRAINING ... 261
OP-PM68 ADAPTED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY: PHYSICAL DISABILITIES ... 263
OP-PM56 HEALTH & FITNESS: ENDURANCE ... 264
OP-SH23 SOCIOLOGY/SPORT MANAGEMENT ... 266
OP-SH16 PHYSICAL EDUCATION & PEDAGOGICS II ... 268
OP-PM22 PHYSIOLOGY: VASCULAR BIOLOGY ... 271
OP-PM41 TRAINING & TESTING: STRENGTH II ... 273
OP-PM24 PHYSIOLOGY: HORMONAL BIOLOGY & GENDER ... 275
OP-BN11 SKILL ACQUISITION ... 277
OP-SH12 SPORTS HISTORY... 279
FRIDAY, JUNE 26TH, 2015 ... 283
08:30-10:00 ... 283
OP-PM65 NUTRITION: HYDRATION ... 283
OP-PM31 SPORTS MEDICINE & ORTHOPEDICS: PHYSIOTHERAPY II ... 284
OP-PM27 SPORTS MEDICINE & ORTHOPEDICS: ORTHOPEDICS I ... 286
OP-PM15 PHYSIOLOGY: HYPOXIA ... 289
OP-PM69 ADAPTED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY: MENTAL DISABILITIES ... 290
OP-PM74 MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY: FATIQUE ... 291
OP-SH13 SOCIOLOGY/PSYCHOLOGY (TALENT IDENTIFICATION) ... 293
OP-SH14 SOCIOLOGY: SPORT MEDIA ... 295
OP-PM37 TRAINING & TESTING: ENDURANCE I... 297
OP-BN05 KINEMATICS ... 299
OP-BN08 BALANCE & STABILITY, COORDINATION ... 301
OP-SH17 PHYSICAL EDUCATION & PEDAGOGICS III ... 303
10:20-11:50 ... 305
IS-PM11 ECSS - ACSM EXCHANGE SYMPOSIUM : THE MARATHON AND THE HEART - THE GOOD, THE BAD, AND THE UNKNOWN ... 305
IS-PM04 EFFECTS OF EXERCISE ON BRAIN FUNCTION, LEARNING AND MEMORY ... 306
IS-PM03 FEMALE SEX HORMONES AND SKELETAL MUSCLE * ... 307
OP-PM16 PHYSIOLOGY: FATIGUE ... 308
IS-BN02 SPORT EXPERTISE: PUTTING BRAIN, BODY, AND ENVIRONMENT TOGETHER AGAIN ... 309
IS-BN03 THE WORKPLACE AS ARENA FOR HEALTH ENHANCING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY INTERVENTIONS. QUANTIFICATION AND HOW TO REACH THOSE MOST IN NEED ... 310
IS-SH04 RELATIVE AGE EFFECTS IN YOUTH SPORT: INSIGHTS FROM PHYSIOLOGICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL, AND SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES ... 311
IS-SH09 SPORTS LABOUR MOBILITY AND THE POLITICS OF PRECARITY ... 312
OP-PM38 TRAINING & TESTING: ENDURANCE II ... 313
OP-PM70 MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY: EPIGENETICS ... 315
OP-PM42 TRAINING & TESTING: STRENGTH III ... 317
OP-PM23 PHYSIOLOGY: ENERGY METABOLISM ... 319
12:00-13:15 ... 325
PS-PL03 EXERCISE, ENERGY INTAKE, BRAIN HEALTH AND WELL BEING ... 325
15:00-16:00 ...326
MO-PM37 TRAINING AND TESTING: FATIQUE AND NEUROMUSCULAR PHYSIOLOGY ... 326
MO-PM35 TRAINING AND TESTING: STRENGTH ... 329
MO-PM38 TRAINING AND TESTING: TEAM SPORTS I ... 332
MO-PM39 TRAINING AND TESTING: TEAM SPORTS II ... 336
MO-PM40 TRAINING AND TESTING: ENDURANCE ... 338
MO-PM41 TRAINING AND TESTING: ENDURANCE & CLINICAL ... 341
MO-PM42 TRAINING AND TESTING: INTERVAL TRAINING, TIME TRIAL ... 345
MO-SH09 PSYCHOLOGY III ... 348
MO-PM43 TRAINING AND TESTING: COORDINATION & AGILITY ... 351
MO-PM44 TRAINING AND TESTING: MIXED ... 354
MO-PM29 SPORTS MEDICINE AND ORTHOPEDICS: MIXED SESSION II ... 356
MO-PM36 TRAINING AND TESTING: STRENGTH AND NEUROMUSCULAR PHYSIOLOGY ... 359
MO-BN02 COACHING ... 362
MO-SH14 SPORTS STATISTICS & ANALYSIS III ... 365
16:20-17:50... 369
IS-PM08 TEAM SPORT & HEALTH * ... 369
OP-PM17 PHYSIOLOGY: CARDIOVASCULAR II ... 370
IS-PM16 JSPFSM-RISK FACTORS AND BIOMARKERS OF REDUCED SKELETAL MUSCLE FUNCTION IN OLDER AGE – JAPANESE & EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE ... 372
OP-PM43 TRAINING & TESTING: TEAMSPORT I ... 373
OP-PM59 HEALTH & FITNESS: AGE I ... 375
IS-PM17 CSSS-ECSS EXCHANGE SYMPOSIUM: PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND HEALTH PROMOTIO ... 377
IS-SH03 INTERNET OF SPORTS: AUGMENTING SPORTS TECHNOLOGY FOR PERFORMANCE AND PLEASURE ... 379
IS-SH11 SPORT FOR DEVELOPMENT AND PEACE: CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ... 380
OP-PM39 TRAINING & TESTING: ENDURANCE III ... 381
OP-PM71 MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY: METABOLISM ... 383
OP-PM33 SPORTS MEDICINE & ORTHOPEDICS: INJURY PREVENTION I ... 384
OP-PM48 TRAINING & TESTING: AGILITY ... 386
OP-SH07 PSYCHOLOGY (MENTAL HEALTH AND STRESS) ... 388
OP-SH19 PHILOSOPHY & ETHICS I... 389
18:00-19:30 ... 390
OP-PM66 NUTRITION: CLINICAL ... 390
OP-PM18 PHYSIOLOGY: CARDIOVASCULAR I + ESSA-ECSS EXCHANGE ... 392
OP-PM28 SPORTS MEDICINE & ORTHOPEDICS: ORTHOPEDICS II ... 394
OP-PM44 TRAINING & TESTING: TEAMSPORT II ... 396
OP-PM60 HEALTH & FITNESS: AGE II ... 398
OP-PM57 HEALTH & FITNESS: CHILDREN I ... 400
OP-SH08 PSYCHOLOGY (CHALLENGES WITHIN SPORT PSYCHOLOGY I) ... 403
OP-SH21 SOCIOLOGY ... 405
OP-PM72 MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY: GENE EXPRESSION & SIGNALING ... 408
OP-PM34 SPORTS MEDICINE & ORTHOPEDICS: INJURY PREVENTION II ... 410
OP-PM51 TRAINING & TESTING: COORDINATION ... 412
OP-BN06 MUSCLE FUNCTION ... 414
OP-SH20 PHILOSOPHY & ETHICS II ... 416
SATURDAY, JUNE 27TH, 2015... 419
08:30-10:00 ... 419
OP-PM32 SPORTS MEDICINE & ORTHOPEDICS: PHYSIOTHERAPY III ... 419
OP-PM29 SPORTS MEDICINE & ORTHOPEDICS: EXERCISE THERAPY, EPIDEMIOLOGY ... 420
OP-PM45 TRAINING & TESTING: TEAMSPORT III ... 422
OP-PM58 HEALTH & FITNESS: CHILDREN II ... 425
OP-SH11 SPORT STATISTICS & ANALYSIS ... 427
OP-SH09 PSYCHOLOGY (CHALLENGES WITHIN SPORT PSYCHOLOGY II) ... 429
OP-PM46 TRAINING & TESTING: FATIQUE I ... 430
OP-PM73 MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY: AGE... 432
OP-PM52 HEALTH & FITNESS: LIFESTYLE I ... 433
OP-PM25 PHYSIOLOGY: MIXED SESSION ... 435
OP-BN07 GENDER II ... 437
OP-SH24 SOCIOLOGY (SPORT AND GENDER) ... 439
10:20-11:50 ...441
IS-PM05 ROLE OF GLYCOGEN IN SKELETAL MUSCLE REGULATION AND FUNCTION ... 441
IS-PM14 EFFECT OF SCHOOL BASED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY INTERVENTIONS ... 442
IS-PM07 LIFELONG ENDURANCE TRAINING: MAINTENANCE OF HIGH CARDIOVASCULAR AND OXIDATIVE METABOLIC PERFORMANCE WITH AGING: IN HONOUR OF BENGT SALTIN * ... 443
IS-PM15 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN ALTITUDE AND HYPOXIC TRAINING SPONSORED BY ASPETAR ... 444
IS-BN08 MENTAL AND COGNITIVE TRAINING: IMPORTANCE FOR SKILL LEARNING, REHABILITATION AND SPORTS ACTIVITIES– MECHANISMS AND APPLICATIONS ... 445
IS-BN01 DIGITAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS IN RECREATIONAL AND ELITE SPORTS ... 446
IS-SH07 LARS MAGNUS ENGSTRÖM MEMORIAL SESSION ... 447
OP-SH10 PSYCHOLOGY (TRAINING AND EXERCISE) ... 448
OP-PM47 TRAINING & TESTING: FATIQUE II ... 450
OP-PM75 MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY ... 452
OP-PM53 HEALTH & FITNESS: LIFESTYLE II ... 454
OP-PM55 HEALTH & FITNESS: OBESITY ... 456
OP-BN09 BIOMECHANICS MIXED SESSION ... 457
OP-SH25 SOCIOLOGY (SPORT AND GENDER) ... 459
12:00-13:15 ... 461
PS-PL04 INACTIVITY AND THE AGEING POPULATION ... 461
E-POSTER ... 464
PP-UD01 ... 464
ADAPTED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ... 464
HEALTH AND FITNESS ... 481
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY ... 499
MOTOR LEARNING ... 502
NEUROMUSCULAR PHYSIOLOGY ... 504
NUTRITION ... 510
PHILOSOPHY AND ETHICS ... 517
PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND PEDAGOGICS ... 518
PHYSIOLOGY ... 525
PSYCHOLOGY ... 546
REHABILITATION AND PHYSIOTHERAPY ... 554
SOCIOLOGY ... 564
SPORT MANAGEMENT AND LAW ... 566
SPORT STATISTICS AND ANALYSES ... 567
SPORT TECHNOLOGY ... 570
SPORTS MEDICINE AND ORTHOPEDICS ... 571
TRAINING AND TESTING ... 580
Wednesday, June 24th, 2015
13:00 - 14:00
Mini-Orals
MO-PM01 Training & Testing
RISK FACTORS FOR ANKLE SPRAINS SUSTAINED DURING NETBALL PARTICIPATION
Attenborough, A.S.1, Sinclair, P.J.1, Sharp, T.1, Stuelcken, M.2, Greene, A.3, Smith, R.M.1, Hiller, C.E.1 1 The University of Sydney, Australia. 2 University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia. 3 Anglia Ruskin University, England
Introduction Netball is a sport that places high physical demands on players, requiring them to perform jumping, bounding, pivoting and cutting manoeuvres at high speed. Ankle injuries account for approximately 40% of all netball injuries, with sprains being the most diag-nosed ankle injury (Fong et al., 2007). The identification of risk factors that predict the occurrence of ankle sprains within netball is neces-sary for the development of future prevention programs. Methods Ninety-six netball players were assessed prior to the netball season for the following outcome variables; vertical jump, perceived ankle instability, previous sprain history, arthrometry inversion-eversion angles, star excursion balance test (SEBT) reach distances, number of foot lifts during unilateral stance and demi-pointe balance test. Participants were followed for one netball season and ankle sprains were determined using a time-loss injury definition. A forward sequential logistic regression model determined outcome variable risk factor status. Results Eleven ankle sprains were reported by eleven players. Three outcome variables made a statistically unique contribution to ankle sprain risk; a posterior-medial reach distance of ≤77.5 % of leg length in the SEBT (OR=3.87, 95% CI=0.90-16.60), an inversion-eversion arthrometry angle of ≥36.8 degrees (OR=3.86, 95% CI=0.95-15.64) and an inability to maintain unilateral static balance during the demi-pointe balance test (OR=3.46, 95% CI = 0.87-13.80). Possessing all three risk factors would render a player 52 times more likely to sustain an ankle sprain. Discussion The posterior-medial reach distance, which is considered to be the most representative of overall SEBT performance (Hertel et al., 2006), was found to be a risk factor for ankle sprain. Research to create a risk profile screening tool for netball injuries has questioned the inclusion of the SEBT in the assessment (Reid et al., 2014). The current study refutes this and suggests that the posterior-medial direction of the SEBT should remain within the proposed screening tool. Two of the three identified risk factors were balance tests that could be easily administered during preseason prepara-tions for the identification of ‘at-risk’ players. Interestingly, a previous ankle sprain and the presence of perceived ankle instability had no association with the ankle sprains sustained by the netball players. References Fong DT, Hong Y, Chan LK, Yung P, Chan KM (2007) Sp Med, 37(1), 73-94 Hertel J, Braham R, Hale S, Olmsted-Kramer L (2006) J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 36(3), 131-7 Reid D, Vanweerd R, Larmer P, Kingstone R (2014) J Sci Med Sport, DOI:10.1016/j.jsams.2014.05.008 Contact aatt4376@uni.sydney.edu.au
EFFECTS OF UNSPECIFIC ENDURANCE EXERCISE ON SPECIFIC SPRINT PERFORMANCE IN INLINE SPEED SKATING
Stangier, C., Abel, T., Hesse, C., Claßen, S., Strüder, H.K. German Sports University
Introduction: A highly developed aerobic performance level enables inline speed skaters (ISS) to sustain a high average of speed (40 km·h-1) during competition. Since the appropriate period to develop this ability is the winter preseason, due to the weather sport-specific training is not possible. A previous study has shown that unspecific endurance training improves specific endurance capacity (Hildebrand et al. 2014). Generally, a high aerobic capacity is negatively correlated with the sprint performance. However, to be competitive and successful, ISS also require power and swiftness to generate most effective sprints for the mass start, tactical attacks and the finish. Hence, we investigated the influence of nonspecific endurance training (cycling, running) on ISS´sport specific sprint performance. Meth-ods: 14 high level ISS (7 male, 7 female, 24±8 yr, 175.4±9.7 cm, 67.5±11.2 kg) were randomly divided in two groups (running, cycling). Training was completed at 60% of VO2max over 7 weeks with 2 sessions per week (81-90 min) each on treadmill or cycle ergometer, respectively. Before and after the training intervention all subjects performed a specific (300 m) and nonspecific (30 s cycling or running) all-out sprint test. To determine the production rate of blood lactate (BLA) and glucose (BGL) one arterialized blood sample (20 μl) was taken at rest, as well as ten at one minute intervals after the sprint test. Results: The production rate of BLA decreased significantly (p=0.02) after the specific sprint test without any group effect. The production rate of BGL only showed a significant decrease (p=0.04) after the specific sprint test in the running group. However, the sport-specific sprint performance remained unchanged (29.4±2.7s, 29.6±3.7s). No significant changes were found from pre to post for the production rates after the unspecific sprint tests. Conclusion: Since the study was conducted during the preseason, the absent loss of sprint performance can be considered as positive, indicating that nonspecific training at 60% of VO2max stabilises ISS´ sprint performance. Moreover, the decreased production rate for BLA enables the athletes to recover faster from high intensity sprints. The lower production rate of BGL for all athletes who trained in the running group should be considered for optimal endurance training. The results suggest this type of unspecific training presents a greater stimulus for the sport-specific fat metabolism than cycling, resulting in a more economic energy supply (Jeukendrup, 2002). References: Hildebrand C, Abel T, Hesse C, Claßen S, Strüder HK. (2014). 19th. Annual congress of the European College of Sport Science, Book of Abstracts, 246. Jeukendrup A. (2002). Ann N Y Acad Sci, 976, 217-35. Contact: c.stangier@dshs-koeln.de
MO-PM01 Training & Testing THE IMPACT OF DATA AVERAGING STRATEGIES ON VO2MAX
Martin-Rincon, M.1, Perez-Valera, M.1, Rodríguez-Afonso, K., Cherouveim, E., Curtelin, D., Losa-Reyna, J., Sanchez Torres-Peralta, R., Ponce, J.G., Morales, D., Dorado, C., De Pablos, P., Calbet, J.A.
¹Univ. of Las Palmas de G. Canaria, Spain; ²Univ. Athens, Greece.
Introduction Given the high breath-to-breath variability of respiratory variables, it is considered that including a greater number of breaths in averaging intervals will reduce variability between tests. However, the VO2max is only achieved during a short interval and therefore long averaging intervals may result in underestimation of the actual VO2max. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of the number of breaths included in the averaging interval on the reliability of VO2max measurements and on the absolute VO2max value. Methods After familiarisation, 40 men and 22 women performed two incremental exercise (IE) tests to exhaustion in two weeks. Five different IE protocols were used: ramp (15 or 20W/min) and steps (25, 30 or 35 W/2min) (Lode, Excalibur, Netherlands), all adjusted to reach a minimal IE duration of at least 6 min. Respiratory variables were measured breath-by-breath (Vmax N29; Sensormedics). The last two minutes of IE were analysed to determine the VO2max using rolling averages including from 6 to 60 breaths. The individual coeffi-cient of variation (CV) was determined for each averaging strategy. Results The highest mean CV value (5.93%, range:0.04-21.8%) was obtained with 6 breaths and the lowest with 21 (4.85 %, range: 0-23.5%, n=61). For more than 21 breaths the CV increased progressively with the number of breaths. No significant differences in CVs were observed between sexes, protocol or fitness status. The averaging strategy had a major influence on the imputed VO2max values. VO2max values were higher, the lower the averaging interval (P<0.05). For 6, 21 and 60 breaths averages the mean VO2max was 2.89±0.74 (±SD), 2.72±0.70, and 2.63±0.69 l/min, respectively (P<0.05). In percentage, the difference in imputed VO2max between 6 and 21 breaths was 6.5%. The following equation can be used to determine the impact of the averaging strategy on VO2max: A=0.3947 + 0.863*B -0.0511*B^2+ 0.00168*B^3 - 0.00002518*B^4 + 0.0000001504*B^5 (R²=0.999, P<0.001) Where A is the correction factor (in %), and B is the number of breaths above 6. For example, to calculate the difference in VO2max between one test having 6 and another 20 breaths, B=14, and the calculated A=6.04%. Discussion and conclusions The number of breaths included in the averaging interval when measuring VO2max with metabolic carts has a major impact on the absolute VO2max values, which may completely distort the assessment. However, the impact on variability is small. Our data indicate that the highest reliability is achieved by using 21 breaths averaging intervals. Acknowledgements ISCIII Spain (PI14/01509). Contact marcos.martinrincon@gmail.com
INFLUENCE OF A DIFFERENT FAMILIARISATION ON TIME TRIAL PACING IN NOVICE PARTICIPANTS
Hibbert, A.W.1, Varley, M.C.1, Billaut, F.1,2, Polman, R.C.J.1,3 1: ISEAL, Victoria University 2: Université Laval 3: Bournemouth University
INTRODUCTION Cycling time trial pacing is reproducible in athletes (Thomas et al., 2012). Conversely, less familiar participants exhibit greater inconsistency in pacing (Foster et al., 2009). To reduce variability, it is considered beneficial for more experienced participants to complete at least one familiarisation prior to experimental testing. However, there are no clear guidelines for familiarising novices to a time trial; therefore, findings from novice populations may still be influenced by experience of the task. Consequently, the aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of differing familiarisations (length or type) in developing a stable performance and pacing strategy over multiple trials. METHODS 30 participants, with no prior experience of a time trial (TT), performed a 20-km cycling TT on five separate occasions, after completing one of three different familiarisations; Full familiarisation (FF, 20-km TT, n=10), Half familiarisation (HF, 10-km TT, n=10) or Equipment familiarisation (EF, 5-min cycling, n=10). Repeated measures ANOVA and coefficients of variations (CV) were used to find differences and variability in performance (total duration and mean power (W/PPO)) and pacing (mean power over 2-km intervals) between trials. RESULTS The lowest variation in performance was observed in the FF group after two trials (CV, 1.5-4.3%), compared to the HF (1.8-7.9%) and EF (2.2-5.9%) groups. Pacing in all groups followed a J-shaped pattern with an end spurt. For all groups, the greatest variation in pacing occurred in the first 2-km between TT1 and TT5 (CV, 15.1-17.5%). The HF group showed difference in overall perfor-mance from TT1 to TT4 and TT1 to TT5. This was possibly due to an increase in power in the latter stages of subsequent trials, with a lower power output at 14-km observed in TT1 vs TT4 (-11.7%). The EF group displayed the highest variation in end spurt power (CV, 11.6%) be-tween TT4 and TT5. DISCUSSION For novel participants in experimental testing, the use of a FF and a further two practice trials is superior in reducing learning effects on performance and pacing. In contrast, HF and EF can have an inhibitory influence on pacing strategy de-velopment and consistency, characterised by greater variation in both performance and pacing between trials. This data supports antici-patory regulation theory (Tucker, 2009) and provides recommendations for familiarising novice participants to a 20-km TT. REFERENCES Foster C, Hendrickson K J, Peyer K, et al. (2009). Br J Sports Med, 43(10), 765-769. Thomas K, Stone M R, Thompson K G, et al. (2012). Eur J Appl Physiol, 112(1), 223-229. Tucker R. (2009). Br J Sports Med, 43(6), 392-400. CONTACT Andrew.hibbert1@live.vu.edu.au
HIGH-INTENSITY DISTANCE IN ELITE FEMALE SOCCER PLAYERS BASED ON A GENDER-SPECIFIC THRESHOLD
Bellistri, G.1,2, Porcelli, S.2, Marzorati, M.2, Sforza, C.1,2, Giudici, A.2, Bradley, P.S.3 1Università degli Studi di Milano (Italy), 2IBFM-CNR (Italy), 3Leeds Beckett University (UK).
Introduction The total distance covered in elite matches by female soccer players is relatively lower than their male counterparts (Bradley et al. 2014). The majority of female match play is spent in low-intensity activities with high-intensity distance been 30% lower than male players (Andersson et al. 2010). To date, studies on female players utilized the same absolute velocity threshold of male players despite female player having a lower physical capacity than male players (Bradley and Vescovi, 2015). The aim of this study was to examine high-intensity distance covered during matches by elite female soccer players using different thresholds. Methods Nineteen elite female players participated in this study (age 23±4 yr; height 165±7 cm; body mass 54.7±6.5 kg). Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and respiratory compensation threshold (VT2) were determined by graded exercise test to exhaustion on a motorized treadmill. Players activities across 6 friendly matches (32 observations) were tracked by Global Positioning System (K-Gps 10hz, K-Sport, Italy). Distance covered in total (TD) and at high-intensity (HID) were evaluated. The latter was calculated using both the typical male speed threshold of 15 km·h-1 (MALE) and an individual speed threshold (IND) corresponding to VT2 (Hunter et al. 2015). Results Players VO2max was 49.1±3.7 mL·kg-1·min-1 and occurred at a speed value of 14.7±0.8 km·h-1. VT2 corresponded to a running speed of 13.5±0.9 km·h-1. The total distance covered was 7726±891 m with HID higher (p<0.0001) in IND (1125±533 m) than in MALE (785±353 m). When expressed as per-centages of TD, HID was 14.4±5.8% in IND and 9.9±3.8% in MALE. Discussions These data demonstrate in female soccer that the quanti-fication of high-intensity running activities during match play can be impacted by applying relative or absolute speed thresholds. Even if arbitrary speed thresholds enable longitudinal monitoring of match-demands and comparison within and between
play-ers/teams/gender, the utilization of individualized speed threshold should be pursue in order to quantify the correct exercise stimulus in female soccer players. Further studies are needed to understand the best method characterizing the multiple transitions between intensi-ty-domains in female soccer. References Andersson HA, Randers MB, Heiner-Moller A, Krustrup P, Mohr M. (2010). J Strength Cond Res. 24, 912-919. Bradley PS and Vescovi JD. (2015). Int J Sport Phys & Perf. 10, 112-116. Bradley PS, Dellal A, Mohr M, Castellano J, Wilkie A. (2014). Hum Mov Sci. 33, 159-71. Hunter F, Bray J, Towlson C, Smith M, Barrett B, Madden B, Abt G, Lovell R. (2015). Int J Sport Phys & Perf. 36, 41-48. Contact giuseppe.bellistri@unimi.it
ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN VARIOUS INTENSITIES OF PHYSICAL ACTVITY AND PHYSICAL FITNESS IN ADOLESCENTS
Kidokoro, T.1, Yanaoka, T.1, Kashiwabara, K.1, Yamagami, J.1, Tanaka, H.2, Miyashita, M.1 1: Tokyo Gakugei University (Tokyo, Japan); 2: Yokohama National University (Kanagawa, Japan)
Introduction While a positive association between physical activity and physical fitness has been established in adults, the association appears less clear in adolescents (Dencker and Andersen, 2011). The purpose of this study was to examine associations between objec-tively measured various intensities of physical activity and eight physical fitness tests in Japanese adolescents. Methods A total number of 289 Japanese adolescents (age, 13 ± 1 (mean ± SD) years; 140 boys and 149 girls) participated in this cross-sectional study. To evaluate the amount of time spent in moderate to vigorous (≥ 3 Mets) physical activity (MVPA), and vigorous (≥ 6 Mets) physical activity (VPA), participants were asked to wear a uniaxial accelerometer (Lifecoder-EX, Suzuken Co. Ltd.) for 14 consecutive days. Physical fitness tests are comprised of eight tests including 1) distance running, 2) 50 m sprinting, 3) grip strength, 4) bent-leg sit-up, 5) side step, 6) sit-and-reach, 7) standing long jump and 8) handball throw. Based on data obtained through accelerometers (i.e., MVPA and VPA), the partici-pants were grouped into quartile categories (Q1 (Least active) ~ Q4 (Most active)). Adjusted logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of being in the lowest physical fitness quartile categories for each variable according to physical activity quartile categories (Q1 ~ Q4). Results In both sexes, MVPA was negatively associated with distance running time (r < -0.24, p < 0.05), and the association was stronger between VPA and distance running time (r < -0.33, p < 0.001). Ad-justed logistic regression (reference category: VPA-Q1) revealed that there was a significant difference in bent-leg sit-up (ORs = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.05-0.69) and handball throw (ORs = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.05-0.81) in VPA-Q4, and distance running (QRs = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.06-0.79) in VPA-Q3 for boys. For girls, there was a significant difference in distance running (QRs = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.01-0.20), 50 m sprinting (QRs = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.07-0.82), bent-leg sit-up (QRs = 0.10, 95% CI: 0.02-0.40), side step (QRs = 0.11, 95% CI: 0.03-0.47) and handball throw (QRs = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.09-0.99) in VPA-Q4 compared to VPA-Q1. Discussion These findings may suggest that increasing the amount of time spent physical activity, in particular vigorous physical activity, appears to be an effective strategy for improving physical fitness in this population. Reference Dencker M, Andersen LB. (2011). J Sports Sci, 29(9), 887-895.
THE CONTRIBUTION OF SKELETAL MUSCLE VOLUME AND ARCHITECTURE TO SOCCER-SPECIFIC POWER IN ELITE AND RECREATIONAL YOUTH SOCCER PLAYERS
Murtagh, C.F.1,2, Nulty, C.1, Stubbs, M.1, Vanrenterghem, J.1, O’Boyle, A.2, Morgans, R.1,2, Drust, B.1,2, Erskine, R.M.1 1-Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK. 2-Liverpool Football Club, Liverpool, UK
Purpose: The activity profile in elite soccer match-play is characterised by frequent bursts of explosive activity most often performed in the horizontal direction. The physiological determinants of horizontal explosive performance in elite soccer players have yet to be elucidated. Such information may inform talent identification, physiological assessment protocols and training prescription. This study investigated the potential differences in kinetic and kinematic variables between elite and non-elite soccer players during unilateral horizontal coun-termovement jump (ULHCMJ) performance and the physiological factors that underpin these differences. Methods: A cohort of elite (n=23; age, 18 ± 1 yrs; BMI, 23.1 ± 1.8) and recreationally trained non-elite (n=20; age, 22 ± 3 yrs; BMI, 23.8 ± 1.8) soccer players per-formed three ULHCMJs on a force platform. Ultrasonography was used to measure the volume (Vm) and anatomical cross-sectional area (ACSA) of the quadriceps femoris muscle (QF), and the architecture (fascicle length, Lf; fascicle pennation angle, FPA) of the vastus lateralis muscle (VL). The contributions of these characteristics to horizontal jump performance were assessed using bivariate correlation anal-yses. Results: Elite soccer players elicited greater jump distance (Elite: 216.0 ± 14.9 cm, Non-elite: 196.1 ± 15.9 cm; P < 0.001), peak vertical power (Elite: 1768.2 ± 389.6 W, Non-elite: 1439.2 ± 278.5 W, P = 0.004) and take-off velocity (Elite: 216.0 ± 14.9 ms-1, Non-elite: 196.1 ± 15.9 ms-1, P = 0.013) compared to non-elite players. They also had greater QF Vm (Elite: 2853 ± 508 cm3, Non-elite: 2429 ± 232 cm3; P = 0.001) and QF ACSA (Elite: 80.8 ± 15.8 cm2, Non-elite: 69.8 ± 6.7 cm2, P = 0.006). There were no differences in VL Lf (Elite: 12.7 ± 1.8 cm, Non-elite: 12.8 ± 1.7 cm; P = 0.908) or FPA (Elite: 14.9 ± 2.2 deg, Non-elite: 14.6 ± 2.0 deg; P = 0.722). QF Vm and ACSA correlated with CMJ distance (Vm: r = 0.366, P = 0.016; ACSA: r = 0.348, P = 0.022) and peak vertical power (Vm: r = 0.554, P < 0.0003; ACSA: r = 0.519, P = 0.001). Muscle architecture (neither Lf nor FPA) correlated with any measure of ULHCMJ performance (all, P > 0.05). Conclusion: Uni-lateral horizontal explosive capability appears to be an important characteristic of elite youth soccer, and QF Vm and ACSA play signifi-cant roles in determining soccer-specific power performance. Practitioners working with talent development programmes should consid-er the inclusion of regular assessment and development of QF Vm to optimise pconsid-erformance in youth soccconsid-er playconsid-ers.
Oral presentations
OP-PM76 GSSI Nutrition Award
EFFECT OF THE SOURCE OF DIETARY NITRATE SUPPLEMENTATION ON PLASMA NITRITE CONCENTRATIONS AND BLOOD PRESSURE
Jonvik, K.L.1,2, Nyakayiru, J.1, Pinckaers, P.J.M.1, Senden, J.M.G.1, van Loon, L.J.C.1,2, Verdijk, L.B.1 1: Maastricht University 2: HAN University of Applied Sciences
BACKGROUND Dietary nitrate (NO3–) has recently received increased attention due to its potential ergogenic and clinical benefits. The ingestion of dietary nitrate from different inorganic sources (e.g. NaNO3, beetroot juice) has been shown to result in elevated plasma nitrate and nitrite levels, thereby increasing the bio-availability of NO. However, it is currently unknown to what extent the actual source of nitrate may affect the subsequent physiological effects upon ingestion. PURPOSE: To assess the acute effects of different nitrate-rich food
OP-PM76 GSSI Nutrition Award
sources on plasma nitrate and nitrite levels and resting blood pressure in healthy individuals. METHODS Using a randomized cross-over design, 11 male and 7 female recreationally active subjects (28±1 y, BMI 23±1 kg/m2) ingested four different beverages, each providing 800 mg (~12.9 mmol) nitrate: sodium nitrate (1.1 g dissolved in water; NaNO3), concentrated beetroot juice (116 g; BRJ), a rocket salad beverage (196 g; RS), and a spinach beverage (365 g; SP). Blood pressure was measured at baseline, 2.5 h and 5 h following ingestion. Blood was drawn before, and up to 5 h following ingestion and was analyzed for plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA with time and treatment as within-subject factors, with Bonferroni-corrected post hoc testing. Plasma nitrite concentrations represent preliminary data from n=9. RESULTS Peak plasma nitrite concentrations were higher in SP (794±148 nM) compared with NaNO3 and BRJ (541±80 and 515±76 nM, respectively; P<0.05), with intermediate values observed for RS (645±114 nM). Additionally, time to peak nitrite concentration occurred earlier following ingestion of SP (120±26 min) compared with NaNO3, BRJ and RS (210±23, 203±25, 230±24 min, respectively; P<0.05). Systolic blood pressure significantly declined 2.5h after inges-tion of BRJ and RS (-5±1 and -6±2 mmHg, respectively; P<0.05) and 5h after ingesinges-tion of SP (-7±2 mmHg, P<0.05), but did not change with NaNO3 (P=0.11). Diastolic blood pressure significantly decreased 2.5h after ingestion with all treatments (-4±1, -8±1, -7±1 and -4±1 mmHg for NaNO3, BRJ, RS and SP, respectively; P<0.05), and remained lower at 5h after ingestion of RS and SP (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Ingestion of dietary nitrate from different sources acutely results in substantial increases in plasma nitrite concentrations and a reduction in blood pressure. However, the effects appear to be more pronounced when using vegetable food sources naturally high in nitrate. We conclude that the bio-availability of nitrite is dependent on the nitrate source ingested, thereby affecting subsequent physiological effects. Supported by a grant from the Dutch Technology Foundation STW
INGESTION OF GLUCOSE OR SUCROSE DURING PROLONGED ENDURANCE TYPE EXERCISE PREVENTS A DECLINE IN LIVER BUT NOT MUSCLE GLYCOGEN CONCENTRATION
Gonzalez, J.T.1, Fuchs, C.J.2, Smith, F.E.3, Thelwall, P.E.3, Stevenson, E.J.4, Trenell, M.I.3, van Loon, L.J.C.2
1: University of Bath (UK), 2: Maastricht University Medical Centre(+) (The Netherlands), 3: Newcastle University (UK), 4: Northumbria Uni-versity (UK).
Introduction Carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion during prolonged exercise enhances performance, increases CHO oxidation and may spare muscle glycogen stores (Cermak and van Loon, 2013). Few data are available on the impact of CHO ingestion on liver glycogen stores. When trying to maximize CHO availability during exercise, it may be preferred to ingest a combination of different carbohydrate sources eg. glucose (GLU) and fructose. As sucrose (SUC) provides both glucose and fructose, we hypothesize that sucrose ingestion during exercise may allow greater carbohydrate uptake, resulting in greater sparing of liver and/or muscle glycogen stores when compared to the ingestion of glucose only. Methods Fourteen cyclists (VO2peak: 58±1 mL/kg/min) completed two 3-h bouts of cycling at 50% Wmax while ingesting either GLU or SUC at a rate of 1.7 g/min. Four cyclists (VO2peak: 60±3 mL/kg/min) performed a third test in which only water was consumed for reference. We used 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy to determine liver and muscle glycogen concentra-tions before and after exercise. Expired breath was sampled during exercise to estimate whole-body substrate use. All data are means±SEM. Pre- vs post-exercise liver and muscle glycogen concentrations in the water trial were compared by paired t tests. Liver and muscle glycogen concentrations in the GLU and SUC treatments were assessed by two-way (treatment x time), repeated measures ANOVA with treatment (GLU vs SUC) and time (pre- vs post-exercise) as within-subject factors. Results Both liver (from 454±17 to 283±41 mmol/L; P<0.05) and muscle (from 111±23 to 67±15 mmol/L; P<0.01) glycogen concentrations declined during exercise when only water was ingested. Following GLU and SUC ingestion, liver glycogen levels did not show a significant decline following exercise (from 325±45 to 345±55 mmol/L and from 321±47 to 348±56 mmol/L, respectively; P>0.05) with no differences between treatments. Muscle glycogen concentrations declined (from 101±11 to 60±9 mmol/L and from 114±13 to 67±9 mmol/L, respectively; P<0.05), with no differences be-tween treatments. Whole-body CHO utilization was greater with SUC (2.03±0.11 g/min) vs GLU (1.66±0.10 g/min; P<0.05). Discussion Ingestion of glucose or sucrose (1.7 g/min) during prolonged exercise prevents a decline in liver but not muscle glycogen concentrations. Sucrose ingestion during prolonged exercise does not lead to greater sparing of endogenous muscle or liver glycogen stores when compared to glucose ingestion. References Cermak NM, van Loon, LJ (2013). Sports Med, 43: 1139. Contact jg833@bath.ac.uk
EFFECT OF CARNOSINE LOADING AND HIGH-INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING ON ENDURANCE CYCLING PERFOR-MANCE
Chung, W.1, Rouffet, D.1, Derave, W.2, Bishop, D.1
1: Victoria University (Melbourne, Australia); 2: Ghent University (Ghent, Belgium)
EFFECT OF CARNOSINE LOADING AND HIGH-INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING ON ENDURANCE CYCLING PERFORMANCE Chung, W.1, Rouffet, D.1, Derave, W.2, Bishop, D.1 1: Victoria University (Melbourne, Australia); 2: Ghent University (Ghent, Belgium) Introduction Carnosine loading via beta-alanine supplementation is well documented to improve short duration, high-intensity exercise performance [1], but has minimal effect on 1-h cycling time trial performance [2]. In addition to its proposed ergogenic effects on performance, beta-alanine sup-plementation may also have an ergogenic effect on the training sessions leading into competition performances. Such an outcome could be achieved via an increase in training capacity (i.e. athletes can train harder or longer) or an increase in the adaptive response to the same training load. Indeed, we have reported that reducing metabolic acidosis during training can produce greater improvements in performance and mitochondrial adaptations [3, 4]. It is therefore possible that an increase in muscle buffer capacity as a result of beta-alanine supplementation may reduce the muscle pH during training and promote greater adaptations to training. However, to date, this hypothesis has not been tested. Therefore, our aim was to determine if there was an addictive effect of carnosine loading, in combination with high-intensity interval training, on 30-km cycling time trial performance. Methods Utilizing a double-blind, placebo-controlled, de-sign, 13 active males (n=7 v 6) were matched and split into two groups (Wmax=271±43 v 259±54 W; VO2peak=51.5±9.1 v 51.6±5.2 mL/kg/min) that were supplemented with either 6.4 g/day of beta-alanine or a placebo for 3 weeks in combination with continuous training (loading phase). This was followed by 6 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIT phase). A graded exercise test (GXT), 30-km time trial (TT) and an assessment of maximal coupled mitochondrial respiration (MR) were performed at Week 0, 3 and 9. Results Exercise performance and MR from both groups remained similar during the loading phase (p>0.05), but were improved after 6 weeks of HIT (Wmax=5 and 7% higher, 30 km TT=3 and 3% quicker, MR=43 and 40% higher respectively; p<0.05). There were no significant differ-ences between groups for any of these measures. Discussion The combination of carnosine loading and HIT demonstrated no addictive effect of beta-alanine supplementation on either exercise performance or improvements in mitochondrial respiration. This can possibly be attributed to the potent physiological adaptations to HIT which may have overshadowed any ergogenic effect upon the response to training. The ergogenic benefit of beta-alanine supplementation for exercise performance appear limited to short-duration, high-intensity
activities. References 1. Hobson R, et al. (2012). Amino Acids, 43(1):25-37. 2. Chung W, et al. (2014). Int J Sports Nutr Exerc Metab, 24:315-324. 3. Edge J, et al. (2006). J Appl Physiol, 101:918-925. 4. Bishop D, et al. (2010). Am J Physiol, 299:E225-E233. Contact Weiliang.chung@hotmail.com
DELAYED INSULIN ACTION DURING OGTT IN HABITUAL LOW-CARBOHYDRATE HIGH-FAT CYCLISTS
Leith, D., Webster, C., Smith, J., Noakes, T. University of Cape Town
Introduction Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat (LCHF) diets have recently received attention for their potentially positive influence on prolonged endurance performance and athlete well-being (Noakes et al., 2014). Literature is scarce on the macronutrient composition and metabo-lism of competitive athletes habitually consuming a LCHF diet compared to matched athletes on a diet higher in carbohydrate content. This study sought to compare the dietary intake and insulin sensitivity of trained cyclists having habitually consumed (> 6 months) either a LCHF or mixed ‘control’ (CON) diet. Methods Fourteen (7 LCHF, 7 CON) endurance-trained male cyclists (VO2max 61 ± 5 ml·kg-1·min-1 LCHF; 63 ± 8 ml·kg-1·min-1 CON), matched for age (36 ± 6 LCHF; 32 ± 5 CON), body composition (BMI 23.6 ± 1.8 LCHF; 23.4 ± 2.0 CON) and relative peak power output (4.8 ± 0.4 W·kg-1 LCHF; 5.0 ± 0.4 W·kg-1 CON), were recruited. Participants completed a 3-day dietary record - analysed by the Automated Self-Administered 24-hour Recall (ASA24) analysis software. After an overnight fast, a resting blood sample was taken, followed by a 2-hour 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Insulin-sensitivity was assessed by the Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA-IR) and the Matsuda Index. Results Dietary intake was similar between groups except fat and carbohydrate consumption (Protein/Fat/Carbohydrate: 21%, 1.9 g·kg-1·d-1 / 72% / 7% LCHF; 16%, 1.8 g·kg-1·d-1 / 33% / 51% CON). HOMA-IR scores were not significantly different between groups (1.04 ± 0.52 LCHF; 0.89 ± 0.40 CON, p=0.80). LCHF tended to have a lower Matsuda Index compared to CON (1.53 ± 0.64 LCHF; 2.29 ± 0.85 CON, p = 0.07). At all OGTT time points after baseline, plasma glucose was significantly higher in the LCHF group (p<0.01). The insulin profile was significantly different between groups: CON insulin peaked at 30 min and re-turned to baseline by 60 min; LCHF insulin peaked at 60 min and rere-turned to baseline at 120 min (p=0.03). Discussion LCHF cyclists ob-tained the majority of their energy (>70%) from fat – in line with prescribed high-fat athletic diets. LCHF cyclists did not present with insulin-resistance (Gayoso-Diz et al., 2013) nor impaired glucose tolerance (Nathan et al., 2007). However, delayed glucose disposal in response to elevated insulin suggests reduced metabolic flexibility: specifically a reduced capacity to metabolise ingested carbohydrate. This is likely due to adaptation to fat as a preferred fuel source and concomitant down-regulation of enzymes involved in carbohydrate oxida-tion (Phinney et al., 1983). References Nathan D, Davidson M, DeFronzo R, Heine R, Henry R, Pratley R, Zinman B. (2007). Diabetes Care, 30 (3), 753-759. Noakes T, Volek J, Phinney S. (2014). Br J Sports Med, 48 (14), 1071-1072. Phinney S, Bistrian B, Evans W, Gervino E, Black-burn G. (1983). Metabolism, 32 (8), 769-776. Gayoso-Diz P, Otero-González A, Rodriguez-Alvarez M, Gude F, García F, De Francisco A and Quintela A. (2013). BMC Endocr Disord, 13, 47-56. Contact G10l0217@gmail.com
EFFECTS OF BLOOD DONATION AND NITRATE INGESTION ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO MODERATE-INTENSITY AND INCREMENTAL EXERCISE
McDonagh, S.T.J., Vanhatalo, A., Fulford, J., Wylie, L.J., Bailey, S.J., Jones, A.M. University of Exeter
Introduction Nitrate-rich beetroot juice (BR) can reduce the oxygen (O2) cost of moderate-intensity exercise and enhance tolerance to severe-intensity exercise (Bailey et al., 2009). A derivative of nitrate (NO3-), nitric oxide, plays a significant role in the regulation of skeletal muscle blood flow, contraction and efficiency. A reduction in blood O2 carrying capacity, as a result of blood donation, reduces the toler-ance to severe-intensity exercise (Burnley et al., 2006). The aim of this study was to determine whether BR supplementation alters the haemodynamic response, efficiency and tolerance to cycling exercise post blood donation. Methods In a randomised and double blind experimental design, 22 recreationally active volunteers performed moderate-intensity and ramp incremental cycle exercise tests prior to and post withdrawal of ~450 mL of whole blood. Before donation, all subjects (n=22) consumed 7 x 70 mL of NO3--depleted beetroot juice shots (~0.04 mmol NO3- per 70mL) as a placebo (PL) in the 48 h preceding the exercise tests. Immediately after blood donation and during the 48 h prior to exercise, subjects consumed 7 shots of either BR (~6.2 mmol NO3- per 70 mL; n=11) or PL (n=11). Blood pressure (BP), plasma NO3- and nitrite (NO2-) concentrations, haemoglobin concentration ([Hb]), haematocrit (Hct) and pulmonary V’O2 responses to exercise were measured during each visit to the laboratory. Results BR supplementation resulted in an increased plasma [NO3-] (PL: 50±14 vs. BR: 845±350 µM; P<0.05) and [NO2-] (PL: 72±21 vs. BR: 619±363 nM; P<0.05) post blood donation. Systolic BP was reduced in BR post blood donation when compared with baseline. [Hb] and Hct decreased significantly from pre to post blood withdrawal, however, no difference was noted between PL and BR. Compared with pre donation, the steady state V’O2 during moderate-intensity exercise was ~4% lower post donation in BR only (P<0.05). The ramp test peak power decreased from pre donation (PL: 341±70 vs. BR: 331±68 W) to post donation (PL: 324±69 vs. BR: 322±66 W) in both groups (P<0.05). However, the decrement in performance was less in BR compared with PL (P<0.05). Discussion Nitrate supplementation reduces the O2 cost of moderate-intensity exercise and lessens the decline in ramp incremental performance after blood donation. The results from this study may have implications for improving functional capacity in conditions where normal blood O2 carrying capacity is impaired. References Bailey SJ, Winyard P, Vanhatalo A, Blackwell JR, DiMenna FJ, Wilkerson DP, Tarr J, Benjamin N, Jones AM. (2009). J Appl Physiol, 107, 1144-1155 Burnley M, Roberts CL, Thatcher R, Doust JH, Jones AM. (2006). Exp Physiol, 91, 499-509 Contact stjm201@exeter.ac.uk
OP-PM77 Aspetar Excellence in Football Award
Oral presentations
OP-PM77 Aspetar Excellence in Football Award
LOW VOLUME SPEED-ENDURANCE TRAINING IMPROVES INTERMITTENT EXERCISE CAPACITY IN HIGHLY TRAINED FOOTBALL PLAYERS IN SEASON: ROLE OF SKELETAL MUSCLE ADAPTATIONS.
Gunnarsson, T., Fiorenza, M., Nyberg, M., Piil, P., Lund, A.P., Rømer, T., Bangsbo, J. University of Copenhagen
Introduction. The present study examined, whether 9 weeks of speed-endurance training (SET) in season would improve the intermittent exercise capacity and running economy in highly trained football players and, to what extent this improvement was associated with training-induced muscular adaptations in regards to muscle ion transport capacity and glycolytic metabolism in type I and II fibers. Meth-ods. Thirteen highly trained football players completed (means±SD) 9.4±1.7 training sessions of SET during the last 9 weeks of the season corresponding to an adherence of 72.2±13.1 % of total number of planned SET sessions. SET consisted of 2-3 sets of 6-10 x 5 s all-out sprinting interspersed by 10 s of recovery with 2 min of recovery between sets. SET was always performed at the end of training sessions and the average number of sprints per training session was 20±3. A resting muscle biopsy was obtained from m. vastus lateralis before and after the 9-week intervention period. In addition, running economy was measured before and after the intervention period on a motorized treadmill during two successive running bouts for 6 and 4 minutes at 10 and 16 km·h-1, respectively. Results. As a result of the intervention period, the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test level 1 (YYIR1) performance improved (p<0.05) from 2803±330 to 3127±383 m. Running economy at 10 km·h-1 was ~2.0 % better (p<0.05) after than before the intervention period with no change at 16 km·h-1. Protein expression of phosphofructokinase (PFK) and ryanodine receptors (RyR) was unchanged following the intervention period. Discussion. The present study demonstrated that a low weekly volume of SET, towards the end of the season, can improve the intermittent exercise ca-pacity in highly trained football players. This part of the season has previously been associated with a decrement in YYIR1 performance (1). The ~2 % improved running economy at 10 km·h-1, but not expression of PFK and RyR, may in part explain the improved YYIR1 perfor-mance following the implementation of low volume SET in highly trained football players in season. However, other factors may be re-sponsible for a large part of the observed performance improvement. Therefore, we will further investigate the potential role of muscle ion transport capacity, with emphasis on K+ handling, as an explanatory model for the improved YYIR1 performance, investigating adap-tations in single fibres. Reference List 1. Mohr, M. and P. Krustrup. Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test performances within an entire football league during a full season. J. Sports Sci. 32:315-327, 2014.
REPEATED-SPRINT TRAINING IMPROVES O2 UPTAKE KINETICS AND PERFORMANCE IN HIGHLY TRAINED FOOTBALL PLAYERS: ROLE OF FIBER TYPE SPECIFIC ADAPTATIONS IN SKELETAL MUSCLE
Nyberg, M., Fiorenza, M., Gunnarsson, T.P., Lund, A., Rømer, T., Piil, P., Bangsbo, J. University of Copenhagen
Introduction. The present study examined whether additional repeated sprint training (RST) would improve intermittent high-intensity performance in highly trained football players during the season and to what extent this improvement was associated with training-induced elevations in oxidative metabolism in type I and II fibers. Methods. Thirteen highly trained (semi-professional) football players completed two weekly sessions of RST during the last nine weeks of the season. RST consisted of 2-3 sets of 5 s of sprinting interspersed by 10 s of recovery (repeated 6-10 times per set). To asses V ̇O2 kinetics when predominantly type I fibers are recruited, subjects complet-ed three identical running tests before and after the training intervention, each consisting of standing followcomplet-ed by a step increment to moderate-intensity (10 km h-1) work rate. Furthermore, to asses V ̇O2 kinetics when a greater recruitment of type II fibers would be ex-pected, a step increment from moderate- to high- intensity (16 km h-1) work rate was also performed. In addition, a skeletal muscle biopsy was obtained at rest before and after the intervention period. Results. After the training intervention, the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recov-ery Test level 1 performance improved (P < 0.05) by 11.6±6.4% (pre, 2803±330 m; post, 3127±383 m; ±SD). After training, phase II pulmo-nary V ̇O2 kinetics were 11.4±16.5% faster (pre, 19.2±3.9 s; post, 16.7±3.1 s; P < 0.05) in the step transition from standing to moderate-intensity work rate. There was no change in phase II pulmonary V ̇O2 kinetics in the high-moderate-intensity domain. To investigate local skeletal muscle adaptations, analysis of fiber type distribution and protein content of oxidative enzymes in type I and II fibers will be conducted. Conclusion. These findings demonstrate that the ability to perform repeated high-intensity work can be improved in highly trained football players during the last part of the season normally associated with performance decrements by implementing RST. This effect of RST appears to be, at least in part, related to enhanced oxidative metabolism in type I fibers.
NATURAL ALTITUDE TRAINING AT 1380 M COMBINED WITH 9 H PER DAY AT 3000 M IS AN EFFECTIVE ALTITUDE TRAINING MODE
Carr, A.1, Saunders, P.2, Vallance, B.2, Garvican-Lewis, L.2,3, Gore, C.2
1: Deakin University (Melbourne, Australia), 2: Australian Institute of Sport (Canberra, Australia), 3: Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (Canberra, Australia)
Introduction Classically, athletes perform altitude training by living and training at moderate altitude (2000-3000m) for several weeks (Bonetti and Hopkins, 2009). An alternative is to use a live high: train low (LHTL) protocol, inducing hypoxia either naturally or using altitude tents or chambers (Wilber, 2007). The aim of this study was to examine effects of a classical altitude training camp and a modified LHTL protocol (combining natural and simulated modalities) on haemoglobin mass (Hbmass), maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) and time to exhaustion (TTE). Methods Eighteen elite-level race-walkers performed 21 days of either classical altitude training (CLASSIC; contin-uous exposure to 1380 m; n = 10) or LHTL combined with classical altitude training (LHTL+C; 1380 m plus 9 h.day-1 (overnight) at 3000 m simulated altitude; n = 8). A control group of elite race-walkers (CON; n = 11) lived and trained at 600 m altitude. Hbmass and perfor-mance testing was performed before and after the 3-wk intervention. Pair-wise comparisons were made between the two experimental groups, and where possible between the experimental and control data, in relation to the likelihood of the magnitude of the effect ex-ceeding the smallest worthwhile change (SWC) for each variable. The SWC was set at 1.4% for Hbmass, 2.0% for VO2max and 3.0% for TTE. Statistical significance for each variable was also tested at p < 0.05, using paired t-tests. Results There was a 3.7% increase in
