• No results found

Bellum Omnium Contra Omnes a.k.a FFA! for Symphonic Orchestra Merve Erez Approximative Duration: 8"

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2022

Share "Bellum Omnium Contra Omnes a.k.a FFA! for Symphonic Orchestra Merve Erez Approximative Duration: 8""

Copied!
12
0
0

Loading.... (view fulltext now)

Full text

(1)

Bellum Omnium Contra Omnes a.k.a FFA!

for

Symphonic Orchestra

Merve Erez

Approximative Duration: 8"

(2)

2

2 flutes 2 oboes

2 clarinets in Bb 2 bassoons

4 horns 3 trumpets

3 trombone s tuba timpani percussion 1

bass drum with large wire brush, wood block

percussion 2

tam-tam with bow and superball mallet, tambourine, triangle

percussion 3

thunder sheet with superball mallet, suspended cymbal (chinese) with bow, marimba

harp

violin 1 viol in 2 viola cello

contrabass

Transposed score

(3)

3

“this page intentionally left blank”

(4)

4

Performance notes

General Notes

Accidentals

Accidentals are valid throughout the bar.

Extended playing techniques

All extended playing techniques are explained in the score, when they appear the first time. A few additional explanations are made below.

Noteheads

Triangular noteheads, pointing upwards: represent notes in the highest register possible on a specific instrument or string.

Triangular noteheads, pointing downwards: toneless percussive attacks, while using harsh articulations. (woodwinds)

Cone shaped note, pointing downwards: play on the tailpiece (strings) Square notehead is used for air sound and air tones.

Cross shaped notehead: Keyclicks (woodwind), valve clicks (brass), hit with the stick/mallet (percussion)

Boxes

Every player should speak independently (both tempo and dynamics)

Woodwinds

All semi-airy notes should be %70 airy, %30 pitch

Brass

Horns should reverse the mouthpiece for every "air" sound section.

Trumpets, trombones and tuba should remove the mouthpiece for every "air" sound section.

Percussions

Percussion 1

;

brush sections always should be done with irregular movements, avoid using circular movements.

Percussion 2; Tambourine:

thumb roll: The percussionist moves his moistened thumb up the head from the bottom.

shake roll: the tambourine is held vertically and in both hands in front of the body and shaken.

Percussion 3; rubbing with superball mallet always should be done with "S" shape movement.

Harp

All pedal changes are written on the score.

Strings

Overpressure: All overpressure bows should be exaggerated and must be noisy, as harsh as possible.

Irregular vibratos: All irregular vibratos should be wide and irregular as possible. It should be independent and individual for every player.

Circular bow: Move the bow in big or small circular motions with little bow pressure.

Contacts

Performance material with scores, parts can be received by contacting the composer:

mervezonkk@gmail.com,

https://merveerez.wixsite.com/composer

(5)

5

Bellum Omnium Contra Omnes a.k.a FFA!

" [...] ostendo primo conditionem hominum extra societatem civilem, quam

conditionem appellare liceat statum naturæ, aliam non esse quam bellum omnium contra omnes; atque in eo bello jus esse omnibus in omnia. I

demonstrate, in the first place, that the state of men without civil society (which state we may properly call the state of nature) is nothing else but a mere war of all against all; and in that war all men have equal right unto all things. "

Thomas Hobbes

Programme Note

In societies we are alien to their culture, and / or language, do the voices we hear

belong to an ensemble of randomness, or did they derive from each other, from

something more primitive to which we also belong to?

(6)

°¢

°¢

°¢

°

¢

°

¢

{

°

¢

°¢

{

Flute 1

Flute 2

Oboe 1 Oboe 2

Clarinet 1 in Bb Bass Clarinet 2 in Bb

Bassoon

Horn in F 1–4

Trumpet in C 1.2.3

Trombone 1.2 Bass Trombone Tuba

Timpani

Percussion 1

Percussion 2

Percussion 3

Marimba

Harp

Violin I

Violin II

Viola

Violoncello

Double Bass

ff pp

Very fragile q = 45

A

ff pp

pp ff pp

pp ff pp

ff fp ff ff pp ff

ff fp ff ff pp ff

ff fp ff pp ff

ff fp ff pp ff

ff pp ppp ff pp pp

ff pp ppp ff pp pp

ff pp ppp ff pp pp

ff ppp ff pp

ff ppp ff pp

ff fp ff ppp ff pp

pp mf

pp fp ff pp sfz pp ff pp ff p pp f pp

sf sf mf ff pp

pp ff pp pp f pp sfz

f

ff

MMLOMMMM mf

Very fragile

q = 45 A

sfz sfz sfz

sfz sfz sfz

44 54

44 54

44 54

44 54

44 54

44 54

44 54

44 54

44 54

44 54

44 54

44 54

44 54

44 54

44 54

44 54

44 54

44 54

44 54

44 54

44 54

44 54

44 54

44 54

44 54

44 54

44 54

44 54

44 54

44 54

44 54

&

Bellum Omnium Contra Omnes a.k.a FFA!

∑U ∑U

Merve Erez (2020)

Andante q=80

& ∑U ∑U

& ∑U ∑U

& ∑U ∑U

& ∑U ∑U

& ∑U ∑U

? ∑U . Ÿ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

∑U

? ∑U

.

Ÿ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ∑U

& reverse the mouthpiece

air sounds

(fix the

mouthpiece)speak into horn, independently

"Bravo! l demonstrate"

U

reverse the mouthpiece (fix the

mouthpiece)

"Wow! Men without civil society"

U

& reverse the mouthpiece

air sounds

(fix the

mouthpiece)speak into horn, independently

"Bravo! l demonstrate"

U

reverse the mouthpiece (fix the

mouthpiece)

"Wow! Men without civil society"

U

&reverse the mouthpiece

air sounds U reverse the mouthpiece (fix the

mouthpiece)

"Wow! Men without civil society"

U

&reverse the mouthpiece

air sounds U reverse the mouthpiece (fix the

mouthpiece)

"Wow! Men without civil society"

U

&

without mouthpiece

Uair sounds U

&

without mouthpiece

Uair sounds U

&

without mouthpiece

Uair sounds U

?without mouthpiece

∑U

?without mouthpiece

∑U

?without mouthpiece

U U

? ∑U @A(medium)

U /

Bass Drum

w/bass drum stick w/wire brush

(firmly brush it!)

∑U

w/stick

near the rim > secco

w/wire brush (firmly brush it!)

U

/ ∑UTambourine

shake roll

∑U

/

Thunder Sheetw/superball mallet (rub with an "S" shaped curve)

shake very slowly

U

∏∏∏∏∏

hit w/ mallets gently

∑U

3

& ∑U ∑U

? ∑U ∑U

& ∑U o

∑U

? w/plectrum B U

w/finger o

∑U

& ∑U ∑U

Andante q=80

& ∑U ∑U

B ∑U ∑U

? ∑U div. » » »

∑U

? ∑U div. » » »

∑U

w #w

w #w

œ œ# œ œ œ#œ œ#n œ œ œ# wœ œ #w

œ œ œ œ# œœ œ œ

# œ œ# œn wn #œ#w

) 6 )™ 6 6 Ó Ó Œ 6 )™ 6 )™ 6 )™ Œ

) 6 )™ 6 6 Ó Ó Œ 6 )™ 6 )™ 6 )™ Œ

) 6 )™ 6 )™ ) Ó Œ 6 )™ 6 )™ 6 )™ Œ

) 6 )™ 6 )™ ) Ó Œ 6 )™ 6 )™ 6 )™ Œ

) 6j ‰ )™ 6j ‰ )™ ) Ó ) ) ˙™ ˙

) 6j ‰ )™ 6j ‰ )™ ) Ó ) ) ˙™ ˙#

) 6j ‰ )™ 6j ‰ )™ ) Ó ) ) # ™ ˙˙

) 6 )™ )

) 6 )™ )

) ) ) ) ) ) )

æææ˙b™™ œj

æææw æææw æææ˙™ ‰ œj Œ 7˙™ 7w 7w 7w 7

˙ Ó œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ Ó 7

˙™

œj ‰ Œ œ Œ Ó Œ œ æææw

Ó Œ ‰ œj w w w w ˙ ˙™ ¿ Y™ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ Œ Ó

˙ œ œ

œ œ ˙

‰ œœJ ‰ œœ#J ‰ œ

#Jœ Œ

‰ œœJ ‰ œœ#J ‰ œ

#Jœ Œ

6

air sounds

(7)

°¢

°¢

°¢

°

¢

°

¢

{

°

¢

°¢

{

Fl.

Fl.

Ob.

Cl.

B. Cl.

Bsn.

Hn.

Tbn.

B. Tbn.

Tba.

Timp.

Perc. 1

Perc. 2.

Perc. 3

Mar.

Hp.

Vln. I

Vln. II

Vla.

Vc.

Db.

ff ff p ppp ff

rall. B

17

ff ff p ppp

ff

ff fp fp ff fp ppp ff

ff fp fp ff fp ppp ff

pp f pp fp fp sfz pp ff ppp

ff pp ff

pp f pp fp fp

mf

mf sfz pp ff ppp

ff pp ff

pp f pp

fp mf sfz pp ff ppp ff

pp f pp fp fp mf sfz pp ff ppp ff

ff ff ppp ff mf

ff ff ppp ff mf

ff ff ppp ff

ff ff ppp ff

mf pp fp fp ff ppp ff

mf pp fp ff ppp ff

mf pp

fp

ff ppp

ff

mf pp fp fp ff ppp ff

mf pp fp fp ff ppp ff

mp mf pp fp ff ppp ff

fp

p ff mf ff p

p ff ff

ff p ff

ff

ff p p

ff

MMLOMMMM

ff pp ppp pp ff

rall. B

ff pp ppp ppp

ff pp ppp pp ff

pp mf pp fp fp ppp ppp

pp mf pp fp fp ppp

44 74 44

44 74 44

44 74 44

44 74 44

44 74 44

44 74 44

44 74 44

44 74 44

44 74 44

44 74 44

44 74 44

44 74 44

44 74 44

44 74 44

44 74 44

44 74 44

44 74 44

44 74 44

44 74 44

44 74 44

44 74 44

44 74 44

44 74 44

44 74 44

44 74 44

44 74 44

44 74 44

44 74 44

44 74 44

44 74 44

44 74 44

& &

Calm q=55

& &

& &

& &

& >

& .

&

>

&

.‘“

?

fp

> ?

?

> ?

& reverse the mouthpiece

reverse the mouthpiece

(fix the mouthpiece)

.

& (fix themouthpiece)

.

& reverse the mouthpiece

(fix the

mouthpiece)

& reverse the mouthpiece

(fix the

mouthpiece)

& without mouthpiece

(fix themouthpiece)

&

without mouthpiece

(fix themouthpiece)

&

without mouthpiece

(fix themouthpiece)

? without mouthpiece

(fix themouthpiece)

? without mouthpiece

(fix themouthpiece)

? without mouthpiece

(fix themouthpiece)

? gliss.

/ w/stick Wood Block

/

thumb roll

/

shake

∏∏∏∏∏∏

&

? hard yarn

> > > > soft yarn

& D# C# B# G#F#

gliss.

D# Gb

? C#

& col legno (airy noise)"

molto flaut.

( )

ord. molto flaut. arco ord.

.

Calm q=55

& col legno (airy noise)"

molto flaut.

( )

ord. molto flaut.

B col legno "

(airy noise) molto flaut.

( )

ord. molto flaut.

ord.arco

.

? arcotutti "

(airy noise) molto flaut.

( )

ord. molto flaut.

?

arco tutti

"

(airy noise) molto flaut.

( ) ord. molto flaut.

Œ

1 J ‰ Œ

1 1

Œ Œ

1

J ‰ Œ 1

1J 1

Œ Ó )™ )

Π1

J ‰ Œ 1 1

ΠΠ1

J ‰ Œ 1

1

J 1

Œ Ó )™ )

Π1

J ‰ Œ 1 1

Œ # ™˙ #˙ Œ 1

J ‰ Œ 1

1

J 1

J ‰ Œ Ó )™ )

Π1

J ‰ Œ 1 1

Œ ˙™

˙ Œ 1

J ‰ Œ 1

1

J 1

J ‰ Œ Ó )™ )

˙

# ™ ˙# # ™˙ n˙ ˙™ #˙ # ™˙ ˙ œ œ# œn œ #J ‰ wœ )™ ) # œn œ œŒœ œœ œ# œ

˙

# ™ ˙# # ™˙ ˙n ˙™ #˙ # ™˙ ˙ œ œ# n œœ # j‰ wœ # )™ ) œ œ# œ# œ#Œ œœ œœ

˙

# ™ ˙

˙™ ˙

˙

# ™ #˙ œb œb b œœ œnJ ‰ w )™ )

˙

# ™ ˙n

˙

# ™ #˙ n ™˙ n˙ œb œb œb œ œnj‰ nw )™ )

) Œ ) )™ ) Ó Ó ≈ œ#œ œ# œj ‰

) Œ ) )™ ) Ó Ó œœ œ œ# j ‰

) Œ ) )™ )

) Œ ) )™ )

˙™ ˙ ˙™ ˙ ˙™ #˙ # ™˙ #˙ ) )™ )

˙

# ™ ˙n # ™˙ ˙ ˙™ #˙ ˙™

˙ ) )™ )

˙™ ˙ ˙™ #˙ ˙™ ˙ ) )™ )

˙™ #˙ # ™˙ #˙ ) )™ )

˙™ #˙ ˙™

˙ ) )™ )

˙™ ˙ ˙™ #˙ # ™˙ #˙ ) )™ )

œ œœ œjœ Œ œjœ

œ œœ Œ ˙ -j ˙ œ æææœ

œ ˙ œ œ˙ Ó

Ó æææ˙™ œj‰ Œ Œ Ó œ œ œœjœ

Œ æææ˙ æææ˙ æææ˙ Œ Ó

Ó ˙ œ Œ Œ ∑

Ó™

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ æææw

œ œ# œ# œ# œ œ# œ# Œ Œ œ œ œ œb ˙˙˙nb

œ ˙

Œ ˙˙˙#

œ œ œ œŒ

œ œ œ œŒ

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ

œ œ œ œ

œ œ œ œ Œ

œ œ œ œŒ

œ œ œ œŒ ) )™ ) # œn œ œŒœ œœ œ# œ

œ œ œ œŒ

œ œ œ œŒ

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ

œ œ œ œ

œ œ œ œ Œ

œ œ œ œŒ

œ œ œ œŒ ) )™ ) )

œ œ œ œŒ

œ œ œ œŒ

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ

œ œ œ œ

œ œ œ œ ) )™ ) œ œ# œ# œ#Œ œœ œœ

˙™ ˙ ˙™ #˙ # ™˙ #˙ ) )™ ) )

˙

# ™ ˙ ˙™ #˙ ˙™ ˙ ) )™ )

7

Trumpet in C 1.2.3

arco.

arco.

arco.

(8)

°¢

°¢

°¢

°

¢

°

¢

{

°

¢

°¢

{

Fl.

Fl.

Ob.

Cl.

B. Cl.

Bsn.

Hn.

Tbn.

B. Tbn.

Tba.

Timp.

Perc. 1

Perc. 2.

Perc. 3

Mar.

Hp.

Vln. I

Vln. II

Vla.

Vc.

Db.

ff ff

C

25

ff ff

ff pp ff ppp ff

ff pp ff ppp ff

pp mf

pp mf

pp mf pp ff pp

ppp ff pp

pp mf ff pp

ppp ff pp

pp

ppp ff pp

ppp ff pp

ppp ff pp

ppp ff pp

ppp ff pp

ppp ff ppp ff

ppp ff ppp ff

ff pp ff pp ppp ff ppp ff

ff mp

f

sfz mp ff pp ff

ff pp

ff mp

ff

ppp ff

C

ff

ppp ff

ff ff

ff pp ff pp mf ppp ff

ff

& ∑U

toneless attack

ch k 3

t t 3

ch k k t ch ch- k

3 t t 3

ch k k t ch

- ch k

3 t t 3

ch k k t ch-

3 3 3 3 3 3

& ∑U

toneless attack

ch k 3

t t 3

ch k k t ch ch- k

3 t t 3

ch k k t ch

- ch k

3 t t 3

ch k k t ch-

3 3 3 3 3 3

& ∑U

& ∑U

& Ÿ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ U

& Ÿ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

U

? 3 ∑U

? 3 ∑U

& "Opps!Every man

against every man"

∑U reverse the mouthpiece 3

& "Opps!Every man against every man"

∑U reverse the mouthpiece 3

& "Opps!Every man

against every man"

∑U reverse the mouthpiece

& "Opps!Every man

against every man"

∑U reverse the mouthpiece

& speak into tpt., independently

"Opps!Every man against every man"

∑U

& speak into tpt., independently

"Opps!Every man

against every man"

∑U

& speak into tpt., independently

"Opps!Every man against every man"

∑U

? U

? U

? U

? ∑U

/ Bass Drum -w/wire brush

U -

/ ∑U Tam-tam

/ ∑U

&

.> -> ->

U >

3 5 3

? ∑U

3 3

& ∑U >”

? ∑U

& U

& U

B U

? U

arco overpressure

pizz.

3 3 3 3

? b

Ÿ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ U arco overpressure

3 3 3 3

-j - --- - --- -j -j - --- - --- -j -j - --- - --- -j

-j - --- - --- -j -j - --- - --- -j -j - --- - --- -j

w #w ) ) ) ) )

w #w ) ) ) ) )

œ œ œ œ# œœ œ#Œ œ œ œ œ# œœ œ#Œ

œ œn œ œ# œœ œ#Œ w w #w Ó ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

œ œn œ œ# œœ œ#Œ w

# w #w

Ó ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Ó ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Ó ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

) ) ) ) )

) ) ) ) )

) ) ) ) )

) ) ) ) )

)

) ) ) )

Ó Œ

œ

# œ œ# œ wn w #w ) ) ) ) )

w w w w

w œj‰ Œ Ó

œœ

# J ‰ Œ

œ œ œ#

Œ œ œ œn œœ Œ Œ ‰

œœ#J œœœ#œŒ Œ ∑ Ó™ Œ Œ Œ œ

Œ

æææw æææw Ó™ ≈œ œ# œR≈ Œ ≈œ œ#œR≈Œ œ

Œ ˙ œ

œœœ œ# Œ Ó

) ) ) ) )

) ) ) ) )

) ) ) ) )

) ) ) ) ) Œ ≈œ œ# œJ ≈œœœJ Œ Œ ≈œ œ# œJ ≈œœœJ Œ

Ó Œ # œ œœ # œ wn w œ#w w Œ ≈œ œ# œJ ≈œœœJ Œ Œ ≈œ œ# œJ ≈œœœJ Œ

8

Trumpet in C 1.2.3

(9)

°¢

°¢

°¢

°

¢

°

¢

{

°

¢

°¢

{

Fl.

Fl.

Ob.

Cl.

B. Cl.

Bsn.

Hn.

Tbn.

B. Tbn.

Tba.

Timp.

Perc. 1

Perc. 2.

Perc. 3

Mar.

Hp.

Vln. I

Vln. II

Vla.

Vc.

Db.

mp ff p sfz mp pp ff pp mf sf

ff

accel. q= 70Rough, expressivve

D

35

mp ff p sfz mp pp ff pp mf sf

ff

mf fp

mf fp

ff p sfz mp pp ff pp

ff p sfz mp pp ff pp

ff mf pp pp

ff mf pp pp

ff pp mf mf pp

ff pp mf p

p

mf pp

ff pp mf ff p

ff pp mf ff p

ff pp mf ff p

ff pp mf ff p

ff pp mf ff p

mp ff

ff

ff mp ff f

f p

mp f ff

MMLOMMMM

pp

ff pp mp pp ff

accel.

q= 70

Rough, expressivve

D

pp mp pp ff

pp mp pp ff

pp pp ff

pp pp ff

&

ch k t t 3

ch k k t -ch ch k t t 3

ch k k t ch ch- k

3 t t 3

ch k k t ch

semi airy

-

ord. >

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

4:3

&

ch k t t 3

ch k k t -ch ch k t t 3

ch k k t ch ch- k

3 t t 3

ch k k t ch

semi airy

- ord. >

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

4:3

&

3 3

&

3

3

&

t

toneless attack k t t

3

t k k t t- k k 3

t t 3

ch k k t t- semi airy

ord.

3 3 3 3 3

&

t

toneless attack k t t

3

t k k t t- k k 3

t t 3

ch k k t t- semi airy ord.

3 3 3 3 3

?

?

& w/mute

& w/mute

&

speak as before

&

speak as before

& speak as before

& speak as before

& speak as before

? speak as before

? speak as before

?

mp

speak as before

?

/

/ Triangle 3 3 3 3 Tam-tam w/bow

/ Suspended Cymbal

&

?

&

?

& pizz.

bow the tailpiece very slowly

3 3

& pizz.

bow the tailpiece very slowly 3

pizz.

bow the tailpiece very slowly 3

? » »

bow the tailpiece very slowly

? pizz.

bow the tailpiece very slowly

- -j -j - - -j - -j Œ -j -j - -j ‰ -j -j‰ -j -j - --- - --- -j w w w w w

æææ˙ œ æææœ

J ‰ ‰ œœJ œ# œ œ œ#Œ

- -j -j - - -j - -j Œ -j -j - -j ‰ -j -j‰ -j -j - --- - --- -j w w w w w æææ˙ œ æææœj

‰ ‰ œ œJ œ#œ œ œ

# Œ œb œ œbœ œ™ œ œbœœœ œnJ‰ œbJ œbæææ˙ nw

œb œœbœ œ™ œ œbœœœ œnJ‰ œbjœ æææ˙n w

Œ -j -j - -j ‰ -j -j‰ -j -j - --- - --- -j #w æææ˙™ œ æææw w

Œ -j -j - -j ‰ -j -j‰ -j -j - --- - --- -j

w æææ˙™ œ æææw w

œb œ œb œ œb œb œn œn œn œ œb œn œn œnœ œb w nw Œ ˙™

œb œ# œb œb œ œnœ# œ# œn œ# œ# œn œœ œn wœ w Œ ˙™

) ) ) ) ) ) ) w w w

) ) ) ) ) ) ) w w w

) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

) ) Œ )™ ) w ) )

) ) Œ )™ ) ) ) )

) ) Œ )™ ) ) ) )

wæææ

æææœ Œ Ó

æææw æææœ Œ Ó

Œ ≈ œ œœj ≈œœœj Œ ≈œœœjŒ œ œœ≈œj ˙ Ó w w w w

Ó œ œ

œ œ

Ó

Ó œ œ

˙˙˙

## Ó

˙˙˙n

# Ó

œ œ Ó

Ó™ œ œ# œ

R ≈ Œ ≈ œn œ#œR ≈Œ œ Ó & & & & & & & &

Œ ≈ œ œ# œR ≈Œ œ Ó & & & & & & & w

Œ ≈ œ œ#œr≈Œ œ Ó & & & & & & & w

Ó Œ œ# œ

œJ ‰ œnJ ‰ œJ ‰ œ#j ‰ & & & & & & &

œJ ‰ œJ ‰ œJ ‰ œ#j ‰ & & & & & & &

9

Trumpet in C 1.2.3

B

References

Related documents

These traumatic situations where children or young people (youth orchestras) were made to feel scared on purpose have happened at least in Poland, Russia, United States,

The goal I set to myself when I started this project work nearly two study years ago was to find out if by working towards a better bow hand control I would stop having

Through this we can identify which barriers are internal or external and analyse how that impacts Jupiter Sweden’s possibility to become a more circular user and thus, answer our

Basing ourselves on previous definitions, we would see that noise has an intersection with a class of sound (timbre) but stands against another class of sound which is tone.

Once the beacon is acquired on the NODE detector, the fine pointing stage will begin the third, tracking phase, during which it will lock onto the signal and initiate the

Comparing two portfolios between major and emerging markets the results showed that when only non-emerging market currencies are used, about half of the 10- strategy and 50-strategy

Dessutom fanns i mejlen uttryck som att Stefan Holgersson skulle vidarebefordra en hälsning till sin fru när han fick meddelande om att hans ledighetsansökan för att kunna

Detta till trots har vi också sett att kulning har integrerats i musikaliska uttryck från andra kulturer, vilket har gett den ännu en dimension och funktion – som en