KANTHAL APMT™ material presentation
Roger Berglund
Sandvik Materials Technology
Sandvik Group – a global leader
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Alumina scale on FeCrAl Alloys
α-alumina Al 2 O 3
9 Thermodynamically stable 9 Non-volatile
9 Inert 9 Dense 9 Thin
9 Slow growth 9 Adherent
Surface
Cross Section
Reactive Element (RE) effect!
Conventional vs RSP FeCrAl
Conventional FeCrAl alloys
Severe elongation and deformation
RSP FeCrAl (KANTHAL APM)
Form stability and low elongation
Ø9,5 mm wire heaters after 500 h at 1300-1400°C (2372-2552°F)
Creep Strength
& Price
RSP KANTHAL APMT™ Alloy
Conventional Metallurgy (ex. KANTHAL A-1)
RSP FeCrAl Alloys (KANTHAL APM)
ODS MA FeCrAl Alloys
Development of Creep Resistant FeCrAl-
alloys
PM based KANTHAL alloys
Composition (wt%) Fe Cr Al Mo Si Mn C Minor
additions
KANTHAL APM Bal. 22 5.8 <0.7 <0.4 <0.05 Present
KANTHAL APMT Bal. 22 5.0 3.0 <0.7 <0.4 <0.05 Present
0,1 1 10 100
700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400
Temperature [°C]
Stress [MPa]
Fe35Ni25Cr Alloy 800HT Alloy 601 Kanthal APM Kanthal APMT
10 000 h Creep Rupture Strength
Production of PM HIP:ed materials
Process Route for Tubes
Powder by gas atomisation
Filling
of Capsule HIP Hot
Extrusion
Pickling (Preoxidation) Machining
of Billet
Grain Structure Kanthal APMT tubes
Delivery State Creep tested at 1200ºC, 2000h Cross Section
Grain Stability
Dispersion in Kanthal APMT tube
TEM, Bright Field Image
Average Particle Size: 75 nm
Average Particle Density: 12 µm
-3Overheating
APMT can withstand temperature trips of 24h at 2282°F with Creep Properties maintained !
Creep Strenght 2012°F / 1.16 kpsi - Impact of Overheating 24 hours
0 20 40 60 80 100
2192 2282 2372 2462 2552
Temperature [°F]
Remained Creep Life [%]
1 10 100
1,00E-10 1,00E-09 1,00E-08 1,00E-07 1,00E-06 1,00E-05
Creep rate [s
-1]
Stress ( M Pa)
800°C 900°C
1100°C
1200°C
KANTHAL APM Tube 1100ºC
KANTHAL APMT Sec. Creep Rate
6 times higher load
>1000 times slower creep
Gravitational deflection of horizontal tubes
0,00 0,20 0,40 0,60 0,80 1,00 1,20 1,40 1,60 1,80 2,00
-1000 -500 0 500 1000
Distance from centre [mm]
Deflect ion [mm]
APMT APM
Fe35Ni25Cr
KANTHAL APMT
Oxide spallation.
Fe35Ni25Cr KANTHAL APMT
Alumina
Chromia
z
KANTHAL APMT is weldable if WPS is followed.
z
Recommended methods TIG (GTAW), laser welding
z
Preheating and PWHT is necessary.
z
APMT filler is recommended.
z
However a loss of creep strength is unaviodable due to remelting of RSP structure.
z
Solid state welding techniques are being evaluated.
z
