313. Manuscripts, "Small irrigation pumping plants," 1939

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AGRICULTURE • N SERVICE CWFICIAL BUSINESS

71/

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PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE TO AVOID PAYMENT Or POSTAGE, 8300

SMALL IRRIGATION PUMPING PLANTS Revised Copy

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

',Is • nit• • IN al • Z-11.. • is • • um la IC: • - • mow +iv • Iv .4.• :a • --134/4S4C44-0E-41ZRAGAT40b4

SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE Division of Irrigation

Mr. Carl Rohner

Colo. Agr. Experiment Station Fort Collins, Colorado

Dear 14. Rohner:

222 POST OFFICE BUILDING BERKELEY, CALIF. MAIL ADDRESS: P. 0. BOX 180 April 12, 140

In reply to your letter of April 8 asking what had become of your manuscript on "Putting Down and Developing Irri-gation Wells", this manuscript is "in press" and presumably we can expect early publication.

Relative to the manuscript on "Small Irrigation Pumping Plants" - attached is a copy of Hr. Frissellts letter of April 9,

which is self-explanatory.

Very truly yours,

W. W. McLallghlin

April 12, 10

Xi. Carl Rohwer

Colo. Agri, Experiment Station Fort Collins, Colorado

Dear

;d4..

Rohwers

In reply to your letter of April

8

asking what had become of your manuscript on "Putting Down and Developing Irri-gation Wells", this manusoript is "in press" and presumably we can axpeot early publioation.

Relative to the manuscript on "Small Irrigation Pumping Plants" - attached is a copy of Mr. Frissell's letter of April

9,

which is self-explanatory.

Very truly yours,

W. _{14 MbLaughlin}

Chief, Division of Irrigation imailmos

Mrs W. McLau6hlin,

Chief, Diviaion of Irrigation, 4oil Conservation Jervice, Berkeley, California. Dear Kr. MeTaupt-lint

illoshington. D. C. April 9, 1940

Accent m, tl.valks for your very covrteous letter of April 5 and the enclosed copy of MO, nohweris letter. immediately upon receipt of your letter I asoorialmod that the manuscript, which we sent to the Office of liatormation in early March, has just comm. piloted interbursau clearance, and is now being edited in the Depart-ment's Office of Information. As seen as 1 can secure this mm-script from Dr. Merrill, with the final comments and editorial canes usually made in bis office, I gill reply in detail to our letter of April 5 and the questions raised by Mr. Rohner,

Sincerely yours,

Sydney Friesen.

In Charge, Publications Unit 3ection of Education

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UNITED STATES

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE DIVISION OF IRRIGkTION

P. O. Box 180 Berkeley, Calif. August 1,

1939.

Ur. Carl Rohwer,

Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station,

Fort Collins, Colorado.

Dear Mr. Rohwer:

Enclosed is a carbon copy of the manuscript prepared by yourself and Mr, Lewis on "Small Irrigation Pumping Plants," as retyped in the Berkeley office.

This copy of the manuscript does not include prints for the figures but has legend sheets inserted.

The manuscript is being submitted for publication today. Very truly yours,

BY

(

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U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BUREAU OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING iZ .1S6,1-Z:-) BUREAU OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

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Corvallis, rxeron Deommber 2, 1939 )4r* - *Laughlin, Chief Livision of Irrifation P. 0. Box 180 :erkeley, California rear Lx.

I am in receipt of rr* kohwer,s revision of the :-anuscript on "Jmall Irrigation Pumpinc Plants" and :Ave Iron(' over it rather care-fully. I have a number of changes which I think could well be 7,sde. Ln accord with Ur. Rohm's,* sugr,estion, I am sending you tour copies of this letter and of the proposed substitute pages for the ILanuscript. I a.7 also sending a eopy of each to r* tohwer.

I au enclosing herewith the edited copy of the original r.anu-script which fr. Frissell let me Lave.

I presune that kohwer tolc you that rt. had had the rAnu-script copied with the editorial correction* noted on the enclosed .ahusoript.

suuestions are as follows,

i suggest that the words "of pump" be inserted after the word "Sigel' near the °enter of tae lit °lend column of the table of ccntehts and that immediately followinr that a now ite,- "f.-ise of power unit" be laserted.

The word "directly" should be changed to "inversely" on the third fro:. the bottom of Page

9,

he cougas in lines six and seven on lege 10 should be omitted. The second jaragradh on iltge 11 should be revised to read as follows: "The sine of stresr:. needed to irrigate a given tract of land is ordinarily a more Important probler for the farmer who expects to irri$Ate by pumpint than is the total quautity of water required

during the season. Even in semitumid stations there are drouats when crops, having used all of the available soil moisture, must receive

their total water su2ply frac. irrivAtion for short or long, peri -,es. turinr such periods a field or farm in the semihnmid rerion will re;uire just as large an irriration stream as a similar area in au arid section."

gr. A. T. *cLaurhlin 2 December 28,

1939

The words "of pump" should be adAed to the heading on Page 14. A new heading 'Use of Power Unit" should be inserted at the top of Page 16,and at the bottom of that page notes should be made that 1.ages 1La and 16b lollow.

A new pa7,eror a substitute 'age 16a is enclosed herewith. his should

be

followed by Table 1, which in the former rAtausoript is Page 30. The heading of :able I should be changed to read "Torsepower required to puap different quantities of water av,ainst total heads of 10 to 100 feet. (anatomy of pumping plant 50 per cent of theoretical. bee for

pre-liminary estimates only.)

',.11 Page 18 omit the word "or" in line thirteen. Also, omit the *ord "'out" in the third line from the bottom and start a new sentence with

"IL gate".

inclosod aterial designated as :afe 22 should be substituted for the first paragraph on Page 22 in the ::,anuscript. '.'he second and third paragrapLa on :--age 22 of the r&iusoript should be retained without change.

In the earlier correspondence with hdhwer on this zanuscript we had sore discussion as to the insertion of the rule that "The discharge of a centrifugal pum varies directly, the head as the square and the power as the cube of the speed.' In the draft which was submitted to Asshington a portion of this idea was inserted in the sentenoe, "For instance, if the speed is doubled it will take eight ti,Ass the horsepower to operate the pun if in both instances the pump is operating at ap-proximately its best efficiency." tommisone along, the line ahahred the wording from 'approximately its best efficiency" to "the same efficiency."

The followinr tabulation shows that at least for one pum the ststenent as °hanged is ilcorrect. I think the revised stateN.ent takes care of this question.

74ta from curves for Deming fig. 4010. 'to. Li centrifugal pump. Impellor No. 2226,

5

in. diameter.

44sed ftsid (feet) Vischarge Power ifficiency r.p.m. :Aatio friction Total g.p.m. hp per cent

At Lighest eiTiciency

A 1750 20

₁₄₈

.14

60

, 3500 714 90 2.7 65

}Attic B/A 2

_3.7

1.9 6.7

In a system with email friction losses

A 1750

23.3

.7

24

28

_.33

₅₀

3500 23.3 16.7 40 135 2.8 50

heti° i:/A 2 1.7 14.8 8.5

In a system with large friction losses

A 1750 2 22

21

28

₃₃

50

3500 2 87 91 55

2.3

57

Vr. oLau,hlin - 3 Y'eoember 28,

1939

On rage 25 substitute "this" for "the preceding" in line nine.

4,a

/6:wL

Pages 30

A should be iAertee. as directed after 2age

On :Tae 31 wabstitute "oil-burning spark-ifr,nition" for "semidiesol" in line three, and substitute "is preferred" for "should be used" in the seventh line from the bottom.

I still objeet to the w4Testioh made on Page 32 that eleotrical motors wiay be continuously overloaded. he statement as it now stands :Aosta* nothing. it is equally true that the motor would operate with a

continuous overload of 25 or 50 or any other per cent it the permissible temperature rise is not exceeded. If we must have such a statement, I

suggest substituting 'under favorable oonditions" for "if the permissible temperature rise is not exceeded."

on Page 52 substitute "should always be" for "is" in the fourth line frcL the bottom.

Dn Page

3c,

insert "high quality natural ras and" after the word "With" in the eichth line from the bottom.

On Page 51 I surxest that the reference nark I/ be placed after ti.,e words "-ump coith base" as the footnote applies to both cost eati welzht.

On lago)

53

a comma should be used alter the word 'motor" in the footnote.

I suvest that the last three lines of Table

9

on Page 58 be deleted. It does not seem to is that these larre notors should be considered as email units.

On Page 59 substitute "to" for "oi" in the next to the last line. On Page 60 the first word in line six should be hyphenated,

(seven.itonths).

In line eleven the worehorsepower-i.ours" should also be hyphenated. I trust that you will find those ohanres are gocd and will mak* as many as you think best in the memmeoript before submitting it again to the Aishington office.

Yours very truly,

L. L. Lewis,

Irrigation Engineer

VELIgt Ens.

WALL IRPIGATION PUMPING FtiiNTS 1/

By CAM ROliaEli, irrigation engineer, and M. R. LEdIJ, senior agricultural engineer, Division of Irrigation, Soil Conservation service

CONTENTS Fag* Introduction :later supply .utility of water 'round water Surface water Irrigable lend "uty of water :lant deAgn Locatiop

Type' and etaracteristics uf 1,11134;5 'Iorizontal centrifugal -Vertical centrifugal reep-well turbine Characteristicp of centrifu-gal pumps

Adaptability of the rUfferent types of pumps-T.!orizontal centrifugal Vertical centrifugal reep-well turbine-' Other types -oelection of p=p Cure of pump

Choice and care of power unit-itlectric motor

Internal combuAion engine Gasoline engine

;JAtomobile engine Tractor engine

Natural gan engine -oil-burning sparki6nition

engine

Diesel engine -Care had operation of mugine

inditill Types of drives Piping-Costs -Pumps Power units Belts Pipes smnual cost Page

1/ 'reared under the direction of T. Mitchelson, acting chief, Pivision of Irrigation, jell Con$ervation ;.iervice, and in cooperation

with the agrict.ltural experiment stations of Colorado and eregon. 4cknowledgment is made of the assistance of lwerett 411cox, who reviewed the manuscript, and of various individuals, manufacturers, and dealers who supplied coat data and illustrations.

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itoweitoreent

of

armialk "Om

by

Vide

offLoistis tit oft*

*Woe m. revel, moot to towel tees

MAO

.011.0.

or ether optopriato Otise before se irrigatios

ouoi

1411

sto ismli.

to atoot *Wm* bowegmr, Uwe* to no ottopeto

000trot

of ite imikaptimit

of grofeeit traitor, AO

befkmo ovitiar Immo

tri tat

spolos dorwrikeot ea omytteA tvellior the

pftlit-plotims irticolor ohoobl ottloostW to lite store Iva taw gmelioeselose

bolo 1604. sittli beat or Is Mt

May

to be orevilovolopotie

egotais lister

vito

PriPsfoie 11/4i.0. boo memo

*Worm

*WM

Astemtato

41.1111

,

be

"

34404

VI

par

OM

lbw

the *rem oserrflAis oetillaboot *Ow

tot his solgo oho* Oat

oomilotby

otbot* homes

vtth Priw

sa this *Ai

eat estiseilt Ototoo

VIM

ago toro sogenties the use of elertaes writer for irrisaloos

oast of Shoos /Woo

arta*

eater

*met

be se akeet leigetly mitt so

ontiouttoo Itso Imo

Mai

with the

pper

OW,

arida 4

*P.M

hes

WM

610111116

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eppliaatiovo #e

awls be tho Stets

eadiemek, mg be gauge the permiktee ilhe note

41011001101. 010 WNW*

011*

tateresitiat As*

leo plow rldido on a

*teem4g*out

the pi*

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10111001111

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Woolf

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pier

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of

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AO,

pailogio to tivoilliie

intaitso. be dissit aim sort. Wore bietelliag sok irricatioo

opoloilio %do

then will leo trettioliaot loiter ftwisat the* ofliteletto

loatottgly altdlot Saga also on47

to this ittiamilloa of

low

Ni

psoki dvolosistiom foga ototoma• Oho brow dwasUi mks moo

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to mei*

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tamagli

_{smat000 water tar irrigate* soa be obilataot}

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inietto Ito **et

sad IMeartalatr

of a

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it will eseetlass be plosilato 14 NA

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poem

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stiootwo for atittribattort of ths voter, fit the ass* siosply Aerials

lots

gpsem Sox* is rsissirod to possost tissessios of sone Lod.

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east 112 100 Soot is

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01101746 I

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_{tho 000soodlik}

t of lift to illootiol Ipso*

as

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be WWI

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ir

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is

the Win&ittsottio

14161.44

at.

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toes

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oe*

awe

is

ayes LW- ea

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the toot wiitor,to 44 Wks*

is

the hotter moo

toot

0.4

OM'S

10 iastAtii int

pmetoos„ *dab moo valor oattairosonly.

sseporties of this wetter that omet be iiipplitsi

imPiolites

votes toe* ma

to year, tow resift to 1111161110 sod am

hes

tam to

tam.

*Moss

of dittershohe

mops. moils* oil AøI

AS Ow intrax*

NM USN4

0110144MIS at the *set, ohm

soistsso Owe&

is ths esti th

the gobs

aestbs asy sot omega t or 3

Wise mit *MO

so effootivo

itsterial

sooso *arias ths g000log seloioso War

as&

aosititioso

posetlisony the wan

isostityofvat.

stowilist .ty the my

mkt

to

peroideit Ist 11~iolu Mk the other ostrose ow

those mem

vim

the

sett Is esillsiitiis ibe swiss mg

s

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piarts

at iso ivigillisaset at

the my

is sot by ftistall &wise Its tHoldall somilw ta sulk Imo

it

4.0101.44.1* istoisA tem& &

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s

I*

4 blables

thilleor viith the soil imistoms sost asis, wiU trApplygieso solkAsis

Mist

ly the elNp.

areopoolaimmessa

divan ditslisso

panMOW

Sol a1t

Spikailie soots,

sivihme mismorto

.1104 swift

soussmilk. Via 110111010Willo

odor

wood

sir los 100

esompipirkiir

111. am*$ta,

or

less. Ws,

sollillses me

so am&

as tarrowiparlars sot um

at

Imo irittor Is slowness atM.W

4.411.404111.4.00001011140,04...

larossidess ss

isolimis of triteitiosi• soa at

prorsattsit

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Is

4

1/Na is

ihisare

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trrt„- ttos.

of straws nologoot to triVtit Sims

siftatlakaIs

eliftihmlat7 sem two

Ito how

low opens

to tato

sitts•she

loos ~Or

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the

Ss

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al* 4104414

,

slops book mei

613, s

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for otiW' kf

. postale mast isitelLii Voir

to

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bistaso.

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plate IhmotA to Wei

awl*to

at

loot a

row thsblililfies

way

vs*

ihroiss 410p

purialis• Part sompaisa if the plod too to to apesitsi rdigs &

vslit

so. 301. %WS

a

giaripItoisportir imst to Meat

*

sifts

per Ames

toy oi"

bwrigassi• It

it NMI

sear 32

hows Aar sita •

asps a

ma* It seat pup

do*

la anima

per otattto for

4milit Ore

tmriisilds

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flans

poritis a

bob

tar distswatatas

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soot be esrailisbas s 41

Mae

eartai tea seem tosit ostessiell*

estarg

hatesik mg

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matte,

it

oleo

obolloomosotodi

mai eatillir

bir avalests Om*

Ste oeill to imp mit tteeporooteil

imps

ea*

se Woos emit alfalfa ex* wawa.1st ie peeettilo to Moo*

a

eireelikilabisiI of vamp Le the soil. Way

ealk asalitiame

tigisatioa sea be oeartell ea

iikaommt latter So

dillaagia, 11111.

eepeallekly illorehAte aealitiese vary oattetaiterr mop

of seas Wads

sou ispoisoei ttr s

stoat* isolligitioa Is the eta**

eir sprials If

Wipe sire

Atessia it*

sae for to

loriadgesso Jss apallitaitsaar swat is

lap

_{101 tibia sla mot}

be 110111

me

Wm

a

hi*

OW"

setobeeoriaolataii oopeattir to store a

LEW

itaivistitr of

*Own

est

itelowregast that IstiA a.MPas

tor Intipails*

lindigstise pi***

iss1s*.eted

41111

at a

stet Use

lbw go

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to justittelis

irripattes eretwas

TailistSfilt

U$otton

pitzg

plait mill hems to be lomat,* teem Ike

*dor

esseikab100U tie water is to be Impel teem a surtoe stream,

e,

aseerrote, to* peep sasaki.it poileilite,

tb* pots, Olt

the issas4s

ad,

ssarest the Mei

Point or

WO

Wit to be

1:1140114.40

tr aes

pep Le uset, it should be set as dose as posettle

be

asmel, se Imo WIMP* tr iesiter is te los supsi too

&

mu.

toot

WAWA -4--41)034 be

4t12 buses sae WW1**

"NU is looms sosettues

immestu4 toot *Aft will boo to be ask Won

&

sildttstaetery lemattssa

ifig the USSIMIttaa WU

is eseiii• the

Osimattes

iihnomilms the lossidia of

a

isitgoktiot soi(U4

use

~fa Immlitor.

Is'

P41sea

be

*Wel

alma% implihellik

41111 *M,

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if

seeesee belles The aim

01,1 losiittermi. Oder

se*

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it

is v4(144411, beet Is 4i423. the vela at the kii* psis* or Ore Wit

sot

Mae reselki the mei

Mot a

lost itioolsosse Ape. OseasionsilL40 it All

be feemil eireowee to &WI

Ito tiall

at a

LW

Spot

wit pipe Usk soar

Ow

Os

oda to Us

OW*

of

lbs 1i.

ttive O

et the imm41 irrigatta* popping plant will be gisiseseit

Isr a

selber at testeste Ifessmik Wt.

is Wes

_{poosie sepedir}

ef

the vela Ito tostek %Ow

with a

sisiesobis 4110m4mik is

isisiallip

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444

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low

frapiny aids

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ft 4iewidess of

II

or

10

&sty owl,

sus

Ow

usseihs

sea

sells the iketees

101011111411$ 011141110 at

OW

MAN

iplat%

a

ems

4111 gam

41101.01se mbos Os

lop

Om

Apes a

_{suitivis straw sw post4}

saws,

is ft Pah

sessolds.

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stilhei

_{liod. to be trotiotaii, lits sass at plod tat}

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es

the NU.

the stitiato ths saw

to to

gime the %vs

ot paw

0111,10404 vile

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$

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v.

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be

• sonsteatority•

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sorbe

41isigei bstssas a

hot torsos sot ettessi

to ses 12

of

SS bows,

_{or peoligo simsi iiskt" a %hut divertotto}

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0

20 te

01.3***

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is set

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ValaNVONasSis 0110

41011 0

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TONI Sy%

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4110

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4000 me

AI ass111PIP

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4 ,

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11 111

rig UP

Woo*

imoviesati

Voinisisamelle ofirsol

n eirtromi

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Ise

ow

IS

vonewin

Apo" $0 1 1001410 1API

11. Oft

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et

AP;

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. 0 0v 0

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suceiroSail O'NM

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uotza oofser4insjo

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11 44

1 .144.**140

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0 116

$ 1411

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1 401.41

1 1

aog own.

wet west

NM

41. SNOW

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$0 10111.10

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40 , 4

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111.1112161. 411* lami SON for irritation pnipinga tbe imm, was

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moo

silksilotoos

that WA

_{to pssoLtos the me}

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iso &yomptas plot as lst

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waft set Opiate It sii maw boonm

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of Wastille

loing pow $

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Shirt US%

Thit power required to pump water depends on the quantity of water, the total head or pressure against which it is purped„ and the efficiency

2

of this PIMP (se* Page ). The total head is the sum of 1, t:x4 static, 2, the frietion„ and 3, the pressure heads. The static head is the differenee in elevation between the water surface, while pumpinr, in the well or other sours* and the outlet of the discharge pipe. The friction heed is tiie L,ead lost by friction in the suction and discharge pipes and fitting,. (see page ). The pressure head is that required to operate sprinklers, if they are used. The pressure in pounds per square inch can be converted to pressure head In feet by multiplying the former by 2.3. Thus, 30 pounds per square inch is equivalent to a head of 69 feet.

Table 1 shows the horsepower required to pump different quantities of water against total heads ranging from 10 to 100 feet. This table vas computed on the assumption that the plant *Moloney is 50 per cent, and it should be uivq1 for preliminary estimates only.

The actual horsepower will depend on the efficiency f the plant, whieh should be higher than 50 per cent if the plant is iroperly designed. To find the power required ut other efficiencies . 11tiply the figure

iouad in tiie table by 50 and divide by the new efficiency fiE;ure. ior instant's, it is required to tind the power required to pump /450 gallons per minute aisainst a total head of 40 feet with an efficiency of 60 per (sent. 1rom the table ws find that at 50 per oent effleiency 9.09 horse-.

power would be required. rultiplying 9.09 by 50 and dividinr the product by 60 we get 7.57 horsepower as that required at 60 per cent efficiency.

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otstroottas Is the pop

41aotosys

tido Wan.

ad Ow West

biaviass ors psoviassi Is poroost Wow

ea

poop tow

lids

saw

sass at

diesiblosiemottes pave.

albs

Stale

at

elsytowoosttote psopoo is split berisootialr• Sas

osMalSololl NOM

It posofoto le Wpm*

IM

_{lospellsraiswwithout disttu1448 low lobe}

ismossillsol OW,

*

Wise

off *to tsp UV

St

1isaw*

Imam

lb*

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osetless Is tliososittsik to the pallets( &Os

as limo pop dwille law

soot to bort oisitOet as Oa

poop wt.0 sot *wit satisfastorilr• lbblip

'hoop Imes Uttato vast

solor pvesettro tees Iho

'auto is plot Is*Mb

If ttlio papal

*Aar to outirIt oboold bo

rnikenit, or gitilar

vailkor TWA

be avpsitiot toss a

osperoto aosoisi otherviso tit* oat

willwow ito$444

Is

fia 400tis, soletos it boposollao to Iwo

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,

60

,

4010-mob

how issostly loos who

_{Is edsolloomoltiest ps, as 1644 lalml!sa}

alopoolo toseroirely et*

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Er soot etoposolobattylo

istioditilas et

attlatosoy

pass....)*

lisitsssest pops Moo

to to prim* Was

soas typo at

plow

is

serotosto Moot Tama

as tho assletas pays so

sot vasamossiboibs

illoy lamas* asoottoa lift sod ova toseposey sot attsottoo loisseses

IMO

OsSoloos as the Taboo seat.

404

alto Taboo as

Om

itashosso aids

ada

411101.sa pitaloor pay attatitai to tto TOM*

sin

a

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tot Us

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susiM

sat

saisosio the elas atm

to %As dimetestst

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st aloal sestillespiL pap waists

se at statilis Astor

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taw

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Osake

latemat asilkittssat pap Is Me

too Mitsostal aslistimeg

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is abarsylk

alter. ast the *hat Waft

taw it to Iwo

imiltsas gm AO

tows is sogatvisk I.appw,

the samek

sok ths

thfieshig,

ail* *I Wm

ern noon *Wm

as

at lids ilpps

hove

SW

ONO

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saw

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si

to

sr as

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Waft

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top sr tits

tsima asmo st

_{aka 1111.4 fit}

the *sit

sit boat.

sal me

atalassii

awas

email

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.

61

0 uldlowiliektMi Malt to Iswillast for Ise shaft sirs

it

peolos

tbs saps, Ike

sea

ammo

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is ewe Wk.

tteepAmill lielbies, s

easties

lb%

lot

or Wide

seftevelt te ale 04004 mg O.

itioaker.

**IN

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NNW

limo Oa•&b.

oh"

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tior to either ell et

yet.

tatet.

0040

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the *Om

tit the esehesti.

_14.

_{016bbsteatit MI*}

tir loodir

Mho*

weer pipes ter taw tette shaft sot %we

etdittereamteet

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or otitiolowollool ammo

at es

toorlamolo

siloo irobilocs

An

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_{Ape for}

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_{Isobierg the eiL out of the hekenapy liattior}

oil mei

lairiosiliosIs ontirokr eahiallietely sbesesie f

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liakaisa Se Ike ttomp.soll, WW1*

tor

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pap

id*

stew.

lope et bleiliesties awse bees tool tie

feeelleghile

espeftee She

IMO'

et V.

Ormell

V.

ail the melealiasset

Omsk

et Imo pump

seavital

a' likrootbuuti Is Os

Mei

vs

Mee.

keeeLlen *set la tent*

pope on

site et

fiesh

teesees IV,

Use kieteet

ekeitipises tiveSteee weexpet

an

mot. Its. beds esetatodes the lopetken en

~got

veitos le tom

odi et the isetelies

eselett

wit

tom t le eerrtell west

IMMO /Oft "OH that

Om.

Ow

voter

veirtiesuir mu

the 410101011.1

tate the easter it

the impetime et

stem (fico 4)• lopetleve et

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4.004st 47 vim

Smote.

diegpseell tufts* pumplee

simments

We* vett ea es ealowei ipateetwo

Ammo of this lope 110111011P

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pews with estio

1111.4,1•146

haltiOw

easeettilse

yeeet4e1 tor eadelotlee *oilers efir joupeLtare•

Infhlan

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in

_{atom to fit WV val a}

_*UMW*

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_ta

lopasittes settehle tee emela. treats er lame fon* It the webs.

et

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low ow

be mato to pomp similmot sow ttesiasi hool,4

Ohisholestatiee e Otmelisitudel

Pelee

ant iitties1 oestettesit pope ail iittedad 41000

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is Wm

An

the nein

et the motefitaig

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41101110"

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est

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es it

_{lemOsi the lepiller hes ai Mak WWI%}

ifaidi se eeeveeteit

001111111110

la the

meth*

lostent

et

Ike lopollgor mit the pop

owe

or boil*

poosoiro *sow

All centriiural pum:*s .:Jtve certain characteristics in common. At any given speed each has a rather narrow rants: of capacity and heed within which it will operate at near its highest efficiency. If, at that speedo it is required to operate a;;ainst a higher head it will deliver lees

water

and require relatively more power. At a still higher need it will cease to deliver any water at all. This is known as the "shutoff" head ad may not be a great deal greater than the normal operating head for the pumi and speed. At a lower head the pump will deliver more water but In this ease also it will require relatively more power. In other words, the efficiency era centrifugal pump falls off whenever It is operated at a given speed against either a higher or lower head than that for which it was desirned at that

_speed.

Cllanges in the head at which a pump will operate efficiently can be made by clAnging the operating speed but at the ease time the discharre and the power required will also change. In general, the normal discharge of a centrifugal pump will Increase directly as the speed, the head as the square of the speed, and the power as the cube of the speed. Changing the diameter of the impell r has the same effect

as

changing the speed.

Cl.kancin4 the speed at which the pump in

.a

particular system operates will change the discharge, total ilead (including pipe friction), and power in the sore direction but the extent oi change in each

element will

depend on the relative values of the static and friction heads. In all oases the power required will ineroase much more rapidly than the speed.

b,.!1•111

WC the

temoosol• "or Looteismie

t

to

to

•

440

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the

to

vol

the f ix tot% lastoriso

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of ths wog

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el VW

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pomp 1111

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*at

to to

;MAI

is

tliai• Oa tho spot

sr

of the logodbor MN

siosholk

2:

4$a9illik

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is dietsmissi V

los attitiolla

to t eatteetatifil Opielikillt illis timeWiet ANN

be

bort as moll

es ass Ilhe

posostool limit or amotion Oar pops to XI

test at

MS

7 feet at 6•000 test olievati.a. esi IA hot

at Woo

test elsocew

time.POI90 WM

opoosto vim

the esottoo osoesio loos Untie US tho poshoisestos WS go

pay Is

useatir yosetisfsatesp• Seth the eieethitr 11111

Os etfiedentw of eetelyttesel peso loorsooe as the **ties inairesoes. Ito ettioismir

of a

pop Is the *kW

at the isootel we* am* is &Mies *OW boo ese towel

to mottor to the mow

oposiist La Ataboig

Ito ildesioatr to utedlir 41101.11111014 40 a

polosateate Um* en salliot

Maas of Offirnimir mei ist 4110siaket1s1 tho 411heresteillatilas oir we% *soh of sitioh has a tiffeweet

somoiss# Om

011001Pfoll ti* 4010.4111060.11114011

of

POP

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the ems

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4101

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fit PUIPS

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of law Wet

east. light

_{Wig MN}

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esamo ot

*mutton,

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ishindoi beneed

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et Mittens

WO

_{famorablem this line is palliate*}

16017

41011004ti Pailtal hen

resereetre, espeas set stposos

Oars the

Illetton

_{tift 41leee not mused II feet (sea Invel.). llama}

I

efoil it Om

_{Wiest taelleilettase of ikeStennte1 4rodivilbeat sinis•}

.0.04.1.08101001.110111.10.0.111.4.

Yuen

_{16.44netwissavasteit hertagatai 4nab3.s.eseelies seelaitibeel}

in pit.

It

_{16-41rostero4Xlies bovisonsUil}

_104~111101

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ellemos loork•

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la

swift

to frost

wens, the

_{miler lama 01.44 mot be son ago}

40

_{feet Ilemestit the oustwoo. RUM 20 MINI4 bike OMNI is eta% tie}

solootleol

of antis(

a

_{pow la *Plt. Ihe Poll**4*1 Ateetlaa*}

tilin typo Of sap roe that it nut be pries114 aka.

_{Pit east 141}

000stiomotot is taotall ea poop *MP Ike voter eartiao to a woll. sat Oa

dirso.41m la the WI

_{to Unit*" to the mottos Wt. The amp seine.}

be mot

*ONO The

_{Wool of the ester oolOr nokoloontoo witioazy lageee}

lortlimet imtiottool

vertioal esallrlikaat pip ga get*Ptsit far Iss lime use

tsetse imtipieg la awe 111lost

IWO

tome*

the ourteee

*bon it

tketoetse Aida

ofille

m dose fa eeme WU.

steeeme

aliONNISiro. It

_{la awl asseamor 11.}

_a

_SiMi

_{Pit to ammissisto}

She imp

sr te polo. it* Soimme the pimp Ss useally awlissegsts it to

sist as soar

WS stimetmet es the horteeetel otostottosat peop• the

tesrlaos es Wei Imos 41•111, Omit

_{ttiltolit to Imp 111 glamossA WA to}

310101101 $10,01106 Stir these ~me

tooties1 sootithogele um

set

mr*

tissi asitasatel mattl"esis

eskentili?

sot

afttaglat, Thilf are

eloe the am

mosists.

we

Os

aim Ugrian

to

Daiwa*

31 WOW

of 1.te Woe

oormitty eat Napa,

Owe

the 411mp000rt tii

imp

tellsotet

to issortion

irs *mei

veils Awe

Os

'rater lowal is swra

the* SO itOot

homes* the erase* matteees itssesesiVI inetelletiees

here

ivmote Oen

the

'Om

*Ate mom 10

feet 'beasskth the surtrise. times

ea

lode

mositly andooewi the pendssibito tooemilmos te set Usitet

30 thou "Wm

?

ehme

eloetvtoelly &vim

itoopooll %Mee

imteLta.

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400031set1410117 atatves toop-oen tottne Wit

kime eterter.

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te obi

psoothle the um

at targo toitiao pupas

IOW

41toottor

eastos to reolmatly so*

ilava to the ileplik et %WAS" it le eetioatei

imp

%oda

*AU

oet, Ike sdfloteoetio

tteepoell

tvarbinais asi

raft.

Owe

of

Os

_{'beet bevisimitel matothipili pores wet beemoe}

or es

awe

.11.1h Oldoli Ow

me

_{tollt Sew otatt give loss sot Iiiimellehlo}

00141010 air

do en t. rsietswe oasis& Neww*r.

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thek hootsiestet est

irerttaa

_{peps at}

_on

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_aittuilt

otbor Igen

AiswiIf% itimPs

utitable for Palidas tau

%Mow

of mu*

sod

Ions ft

*la

the watt. earrieo a

largo fl000tiV of soli* *et

,

eMeisswir is a•

bwesorerik that Orw am

set suseassesisi ter smog

us*. Salop% pugs awl offisisat, but taw bows sow

seiling parts

that wear set irspitir and tber are apt suitabli for iastallatiassio

Ow

lift is great* lbw we

gas

onwasiosib door or Mow

paws

sow be test

:kr paw irsigatione but taw aloe wear out suipilly sat their

*WOW

SO

whall islosperisso

*Ma Omit

*Ise. It is flaubtral

of Oti tepee mod

is

titolooSsifse pasosie aboalt be semi

klow

irsiostios Oats*

new

paw

*Iwo limusir mei

at MI

hi*

host or

4401.0001

OilibiaMOW tot an

Wog

loplsoid bp%WW1*, illbsogik *OM

Cwt.

an

higbly toffielest vim sass lbw plaselos mar

'spiny WA WOO to be

soploosi MiegvadirU tbo stikiwor

isisiiiiwAs ear

iimeatir 44,

not *so m

mei

sorriso aS Seepowell testimoso Mow

pep

in

1110100ir Wet

suited for pawing water Wvors wity saell sossat is osolots

so to tyrissAtoo wawa

og

atoll orabasies

WO

sloe Ibo Vire best

A/04

ay

omits%

lir windmill**

Zn seisstisi a

pimp be amiss

sill siousalr tos UId

to s

lortuaste or

frairttioit ammodottesit er taepodal tuftlies• Nospriesil

teitissi sof

Wag ‘001

possideerirail well tastollstiass sisiot

times is whisk Ike wstwi is wisp sloes to the earilsoso la thaw %hie

havissetoil sossfirtitol pap

is ths nest sotistimilisro It is the swot

sattateay,

*loos for poping ihros reperveiss, simelso sot etsesse,

solos tate flustastiss is

the water lord is toe goat is vomit

its ewe

laiWO

this *seen the ireitieel sestritagal romp is pretaidir

Oa

test Ws.

ossrest Of sow

that *es

jesettlistr be.

sPast on sPm.

tar

'

infiettias silt asps* as the mass of the sups

sereidaesi eat the eiabeir

it

bow

Os

pimp will be ops**11.1 amok was,

It it Is neat itov a

paviel ealr eaeb year.

IS

SsM

tseserelly is set eoeseolso4

sliessitt it

the

MI

nod

meets *aft

mot

be atesnat swim"

the

posipei itabor• Pas auk IleeleMallesee amps,

pees saealAt Is Owm.

lime

pope

estally low

Is eiretAdasey lam the astio oosotto

PIP* amt slowslosidar maim

moo

pooft tot tor Sort

partsas at

oPeratirns Ibisittesibtotess

is owe theft isetargot Itir the um,

tint

On.

oast skaldbe monotoottApolhootog

'we

poops* Moot

impo aso aso boiLlt to fit a

_{oposifie sot of osatittoosio est Wass}

_Ow

01.00

this duoraotoototios of Ms

_{plop is agailalito the poliiiimor}

will sot be Ws

to nal

_{oat ilhothow Vow poop is Sattoi lb osaditioas faa}

hie halo limka, 1* a

ram,

Unita& Woa.

of osailitioas *sr isoiloh mei

puP

1101 oposale at hi"

effisimen estelae of Ws

MN"

OPIII OM*

a

paw

itaiktionlbs isopstroli ~A

et water. It Am

as at Us

apsiiiiho

Wmofasildl*INder

ass.posow Oho

to aosomsaws Popo asmatooptuot

agoo thaw 10

TOMS

asp

daeli as be pvishissit lossiose

ttorit itat

gliaosolikp too Iwo hit osossateat oporatios• Pior skim of

**a

_{401.400.4 islilas ars soft}

_{OhOollit also to som4401,}

_pitiwiiir

of OM&

pelf

immatiar Mile IAA Us U1sot

*

41

04

va* OWN*

limer *bob sawolroolorsoo that do sot have power fastlittoo *or toottINI

*At

Iwo

aro Arogoostir rat*tabelk es to WA"

poirforomoos oalL Mao

sow

sea

_{emskoile do not law matisas}

in

business, it i* Wristat

to Sot iiiNfrett porta isboa thw

oostol• Moot wollaostablishal

110.111000411.1 Illos elittagelftie oresoisatiese Ile tblishe before maktat a

pswohatoo the tarsor

U

oshmit moiploto isdossation regoolinehis

plaa as that tiler oor asloot the pimp boot eutId to its